EP0060768B1 - Stable ternary cryogenic combustible with a gas phase density lower than that of air - Google Patents
Stable ternary cryogenic combustible with a gas phase density lower than that of air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0060768B1 EP0060768B1 EP82400408A EP82400408A EP0060768B1 EP 0060768 B1 EP0060768 B1 EP 0060768B1 EP 82400408 A EP82400408 A EP 82400408A EP 82400408 A EP82400408 A EP 82400408A EP 0060768 B1 EP0060768 B1 EP 0060768B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustible
- acetylene
- percent
- ternary
- cryogenic
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/02—Compositions containing acetylene
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un combustible ternaire stable à densité à l'état gazeux inférieure à la densité de l'air.The present invention relates to a stable ternary fuel with a density in the gaseous state lower than the density of air.
Il est d'usage, depuis plus d'un demi-siècle, d'utiliser l'acétylène dans ce domaine technique. Cependant, la nature de l'acétylène fait qu'il est très dangereux de le conserver comprimé à l'état naturel, et couramment on le stocke après l'avoir comprimé et dissous dans un solvant, tel que l'acétone, dans un matériau poreux. Dans ces conditions, par rapport au poids du récipient et de son contenu, la quantité d'acétylène stockée ou transportée est faible.It has been customary for more than half a century to use acetylene in this technical field. However, the nature of acetylene makes it very dangerous to keep it compressed in the natural state, and commonly it is stored after having compressed it and dissolved in a solvent, such as acetone, in a material. porous. Under these conditions, relative to the weight of the container and its contents, the amount of acetylene stored or transported is low.
On a envisagé le transport et l'entreposage de l'acétylène à l'état liquide; néanmoins, en raison du risque d'explosion et de la difficulté de manipulation, l'acétylène pur liquéfié n'est pas utilisé.Transportation and storage of acetylene in the liquid state have been considered; however, due to the risk of explosion and the difficulty of handling, liquefied pure acetylene is not used.
On a proposé l'emploi de mélanges d'acétylène, évitant les risques d'explosion et permettant d'obtenir une température de combustion suffisamment élevée pour réaliser des opérations de soudage et d'oxycoupage. D'autre part, on sait que l'addition d'acétylène dans un gaz combustible peut conférer à ce dernier des performances de soudage tendant vers celles de l'acétylène. Or, s'il est aisé de réaliser des mélanges gazeux à composition constante, il n'en est pas de même lorsque le mélange provient d'un stockage à l'état liquide où la phase gazeuse est différente, en composition, de la phase liquide. Dans le cas du mélange éthylène/acétylène, il se produit un enrichissement en acétylène alors que, dans celui du mélange propylène/acétylène, il y a appauvrissement en acétylène, ce qui conduit, au bout d'un certain temps, à un mélange inapte à la soudure.The use of acetylene mixtures has been proposed, avoiding the risk of explosion and making it possible to obtain a combustion temperature high enough to carry out welding and flame cutting operations. On the other hand, it is known that the addition of acetylene in a combustible gas can confer on the latter welding performances tending towards those of acetylene. However, if it is easy to produce gas mixtures with constant composition, it is not the same when the mixture comes from a storage in the liquid state where the gas phase is different, in composition, from the phase liquid. In the case of the ethylene / acetylene mixture, there is an enrichment in acetylene whereas in that of the propylene / acetylene mixture, there is a depletion of acetylene, which leads, after a certain time, to an unfit mixture. at the weld.
On pourrait éviter cette difficulté par le prélèvement de la phase liquide du mélange qui reste constante, dans la mesure où le liquide ne se réchauffe pas trop.This difficulty could be avoided by removing the liquid phase from the mixture, which remains constant, insofar as the liquid does not heat up too much.
Dans l'industrie, en général, le réchauffage du liquide ne peut pas être évité et l'on est obligé d'évacuer l'excédent de pression, ce qui crée une modification du mélange. Ce phénomène est très important lorsque l'isolation du récipient est mauvaise ou que le récipient cryogénique est resté trop longtemps stocké.In industry, in general, the reheating of the liquid cannot be avoided and it is necessary to release the excess pressure, which creates a modification of the mixture. This phenomenon is very important when the insulation of the container is poor or the cryogenic container has been stored for too long.
On a recherché depuis plusieurs années des mélanges combustibles à teneur sensiblement constante en acétylène ne nécessitant pas d'équipements spéciaux pour sa distribution en liquide, comme c'est le cas pour les mélanges éthylène/ acétylène.Combustible mixtures with a substantially constant acetylene content have been sought for several years and do not require special equipment for its distribution in liquid, as is the case for ethylene / acetylene mixtures.
Il a été trouvé des mélanges distribuables sous forme liquide avec les équipements classiques des liquides cryogéniques et dont la phase gazeuse et la phase liquide ont une teneur sensiblement constante en acétylène. Ces mélanges gazeux combustibles obtenus par évaporation naturelle de la phase liquide, sans prélèvement de celle-ci, représentent pour l'utilisateur une économie d'investissement du fait d'une simplification de l'équipement par rappot aux mélanges binaires éthylène/acétylène.It has been found mixtures which can be distributed in liquid form with conventional equipment for cryogenic liquids and whose gas phase and liquid phase have a substantially constant acetylene content. These combustible gas mixtures obtained by natural evaporation of the liquid phase, without sampling thereof, represent for the user an investment saving due to a simplification of the equipment compared to binary ethylene / acetylene mixtures.
Avec les mélanges connus éthylène/acétylène on assiste à l'évaporation préférentielle du composé éthylénique et, en conséquence, à l'enrichissement de la phase liquide en acétylène. Les mélanges ternaires proposés qui ne présentent qu'un faible enrichissement en acétylène répondent mieux aux critères de sécurité.With the known ethylene / acetylene mixtures, there is a preferential evaporation of the ethylenic compound and, consequently, enrichment of the liquid phase with acetylene. The ternary mixtures offered which only have a low enrichment in acetylene better meet the safety criteria.
On a obtenu des mélanges de deux hydrocarbures et d'acétylène qui, par évaporation naturelle, restituent un gaz dont la teneur en acétylène varie peu, à fortiori si on utilise un évaporateur froid classique permettant le prélèvement simultané de la phase liquide et gazeuse, en réalisant des mélanges à trois constituants dans lequel un constituant est plus volatil que l'acétylène, tandis que le troisième l'est moins. Ce dernier constituant contribue, par effet physique, à la stabilisation de la phase liquide en fin de vidange, alors que le plus volatil stabilise la phase gazeuse, en particulier en début de vidange.Mixtures of two hydrocarbons and acetylene have been obtained which, by natural evaporation, restore a gas whose acetylene content varies little, a fortiori if a conventional cold evaporator is used allowing the simultaneous withdrawal of the liquid and gaseous phase, making mixtures with three components in which one component is more volatile than acetylene, while the third is less. This last constituent contributes, by physical effect, to the stabilization of the liquid phase at the end of draining, while the most volatile stabilizes the gas phase, in particular at the beginning of draining.
Le constituant plus volatil que l'acétylène est l'éthylène.The more volatile component than acetylene is ethylene.
Le troisième constituant choisi de manière à provoquer la stabilisation de la phase liquide est un hydrocarbure dont la molécule contient trois atomes de carbone, ledit hydrocarbure faisant partie du groupe constitué par le propane, le cyclopropane et le propylène et le choix se portant de préférence sur l'hydrocarbure insaturé.The third constituent chosen so as to bring about the stabilization of the liquid phase is a hydrocarbon whose molecule contains three carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon being part of the group consisting of propane, cyclopropane and propylene and the choice preferably being directed to unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Par les «Chemical Abstracts», vol. 84, No 13, 28-06, 1976, p. 125, abrégé 18265n (I), on connaît des mélanges combustibles liquéfiés pour soudage ou coupage, composés d'acétylène, éthylène, propylène et/ou propane, à teneur relativement élevée en éthylène et hydrocarbure en C3 et assez faible en acétylène, dont les rapports sont dans la zone délimitée par les quatre points A (54,6-40), B (36,6-23, 4), C (18,3-11,7-70) et D (27,3-70) dans un diagramme ternaire.By "Chemical Abstracts", vol. 84, No 13, 28-06, 1976, p. 125, abbreviated 18265n (I), liquefied fuel mixtures for welding or cutting are known, composed of acetylene, ethylene, propylene and / or propane, with a relatively high content of ethylene and C 3 hydrocarbon and fairly low in acetylene, of which the reports are in the area delimited by the four points A (54.6-40), B (36.6-23, 4), C (18.3-11.7-70) and D (27.3- 70) in a ternary diagram.
De plus, afin de répondre aux critères particuliers de sécurité requis pour tous les travaux effectués dans des locaux et ateliers à atmosphère confinée, situés en dessous du niveau du sol, exigus, parfois difficiles à ventiler, on a recherché des mélanges combustibles pour applications au soudage et à l'assemblage, dont la densité à l'état gazeux reste inférieure à celle de l'air.In addition, in order to meet the specific safety criteria required for all work carried out in rooms and workshops with confined atmospheres, located below ground level, cramped, sometimes difficult to ventilate, combustible mixtures were sought for applications in welding and assembly, whose density in the gaseous state remains lower than that of air.
Selon l'invention, le combustible ternaire cryogénique constitué par un mélange d'acétylène, d'éthylène et d'un hydrocarbure en C3 dans les proportions suivantes: 25 à 30% en volume d'acétylène, 61 à 72% en volume d'éthylène et 3 à 9% en volume de l'hydrocabure en C3, est utilisé à l'état gazeux après vaporisation du mélange stocké à l'état liquide.According to the invention, the cryogenic ternary fuel consisting of a mixture of acetylene, ethylene and a C 3 hydrocarbon in the following proportions: 25 to 30% by volume of acetylene, 61 to 72% by volume d ethylene and 3 to 9% by volume of the C 3 hydrocabide is used in the gaseous state after vaporization of the mixture stored in the liquid state.
Ce mélange combustible est particlièrement adapté aux opérations de soudage et d'asemblage.This combustible mixture is particularly suitable for welding and assembly operations.
La densité à l'état gazeux est toujours inférieure à celle de l'air, même quand on effectue un prélèvement alterné de la phase gazeuse du réservoir de stockage ou de vaporisation du liquide, cela dans des conditions d'exploitation normales, c'est-à-dire lorsque, au grand maximum, le rapport de la quantité prélevée en phase gazeuse à celle prélevée par la phase liquide reste inférieur à 1.The density in the gaseous state is always lower than that of air, even when an alternate sampling of the gaseous phase of the storage tank or of vaporization of the liquid is carried out, this under normal operating conditions, it is that is to say when, at the maximum, the ratio of the quantity withdrawn in phase gaseous to that withdrawn by the liquid phase remains less than 1.
La stabilité du mélange combustible est adaptée à l'emploi industriel en grande quantité.The stability of the fuel mixture is suitable for industrial use in large quantities.
Le faible enrichissement en acétylène, lors d'une évaporation lente, autorise la distribution desdits mélanges en vrac ou dans de petits évaporateurs cryogéniques classiques, exempts de cuivre ou d'alliages cuivreux.The low enrichment in acetylene, during slow evaporation, allows the distribution of said mixtures in bulk or in small conventional cryogenic evaporators, free of copper or copper alloys.
Le transport et le transvasement sont plus avantageusement réalisés le produit étant à l'état liquide. On peut envisager le conditionnement de la phase gazeuse à l'état comprimé, sous pression pouvant atteindre 100 bar, dans des récipients remplis de matière poreuse.Transport and decanting are more advantageously carried out, the product being in the liquid state. One can consider the packaging of the gas phase in the compressed state, under pressure up to 100 bar, in containers filled with porous material.
Les mélanges combustibles de l'invention, quand l'hydrocarbure en C3 est le propylène, sont représentés dans le diagramme ternaire joint en annexe sur la fig. 1. Les teneurs en acétylène, éthylène et propylène sont portées en pourcentages en volume. Les propriétés de densité inférieure à l'air en phase gazeuse et de faible enrichissement en acétylène sont parfaitement conservées dans le quadrilatère A' B' C' D' situé en dessous de la droite FG représentant les mélanges de densité égale à l'air.The fuel mixtures of the invention, when the C 3 hydrocarbon is propylene, are shown in the ternary diagram appended in FIG. 1. The contents of acetylene, ethylene and propylene are given as percentages by volume. The properties of density lower than air in the gas phase and of low enrichment in acetylene are perfectly preserved in the quadrilateral A 'B' C 'D' located below the straight line FG representing the mixtures of density equal to air.
Le domaine d'utilisation préféré correspond à un mélange cryogénique contenant environ 26% d'acétylène, environ 69% d'éthylène et environ 5% de propylène.The preferred field of use corresponds to a cryogenic mixture containing approximately 26% of acetylene, approximately 69% of ethylene and approximately 5% of propylene.
Il est donné ci-après un exemple illustrant l'invention à titre non limitatif.An example is given below illustrating the invention without implied limitation.
La mise en oeuvre de ce mélange dans des évaporateurs classiques, à partir desquels on a la possibilité de prélever la phase liquide et la phase gazeuse en fonction de l'augmentation de la pression du réservoir, donne lieu à la modification des compositions suivantes:
Dans tous les cas, on constate sur la fig. 2 que l'ensemble des points figurant les compositions liquide et gazeuse sont en dessous de la droite G/F sur le dessin annexé. La ligne pointillée EE'" figure l'évolution de la phase liquide tandis que la ligne pointillée E'E" correspond à celle de la phase gazeuse. Le mélange cryogénique d'origine est représenté par le point E, le point conjugué E' représentant la composition de la phase gazeuse en équilibre avec E, les points E" et E'" représentant respectivement les compositions de la phase gazeuse et de la phase liquide à 80% de vidage.In all cases, it can be seen in FIG. 2 that all of the points appearing in the liquid and gaseous compositions are below the line G / F in the attached drawing. The dotted line EE '"shows the evolution of the liquid phase while the dotted line E'E" corresponds to that of the gas phase. The original cryogenic mixture is represented by point E, the conjugate point E 'representing the composition of the gas phase in equilibrium with E, the points E "and E'" respectively representing the compositions of the gas phase and of the phase liquid at 80% emptying.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82400408T ATE9099T1 (en) | 1981-03-16 | 1982-03-09 | STABLE TERNAUS CRYOGENIC FUEL WITH LOWER DENSITY IN THE GAS STATE THAN AIR. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8105206 | 1981-03-16 | ||
| FR8105206A FR2501712A1 (en) | 1981-03-16 | 1981-03-16 | STABLE DENSITY STABLE TERNARY CRYOGENIC FUEL WITH LOW GAS STATE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0060768A1 EP0060768A1 (en) | 1982-09-22 |
| EP0060768B1 true EP0060768B1 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
Family
ID=9256278
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82400408A Expired EP0060768B1 (en) | 1981-03-16 | 1982-03-09 | Stable ternary cryogenic combustible with a gas phase density lower than that of air |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0060768B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57162789A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE9099T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU540187B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1170453A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3260594D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2501712A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4041306A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-06-25 | Linde Ag | ACETYLENEOUS 4-COMPONENT FUEL GAS MIXTURE WITH FITNESS FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORT IN A CONDITIONED CONDITION |
| DE19623583A1 (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1997-12-18 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Acetylene for autogenous welding or cutting |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7103044A (en) * | 1971-03-09 | 1972-09-12 | ||
| JPS519105A (en) * | 1974-07-13 | 1976-01-24 | Nichigo Asechiren Kk | Yosetsumataha yodanyonenryogasu |
-
1981
- 1981-03-16 FR FR8105206A patent/FR2501712A1/en active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-03-01 CA CA000397316A patent/CA1170453A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-04 AU AU81136/82A patent/AU540187B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-03-09 AT AT82400408T patent/ATE9099T1/en active
- 1982-03-09 EP EP82400408A patent/EP0060768B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-09 DE DE8282400408T patent/DE3260594D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-16 JP JP57040347A patent/JPS57162789A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE9099T1 (en) | 1984-09-15 |
| FR2501712A1 (en) | 1982-09-17 |
| DE3260594D1 (en) | 1984-09-27 |
| AU540187B2 (en) | 1984-11-08 |
| JPS57162789A (en) | 1982-10-06 |
| CA1170453A (en) | 1984-07-10 |
| AU8113682A (en) | 1982-09-23 |
| FR2501712B1 (en) | 1983-05-13 |
| EP0060768A1 (en) | 1982-09-22 |
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