EP0059296B1 - Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes - Google Patents

Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059296B1
EP0059296B1 EP81830137A EP81830137A EP0059296B1 EP 0059296 B1 EP0059296 B1 EP 0059296B1 EP 81830137 A EP81830137 A EP 81830137A EP 81830137 A EP81830137 A EP 81830137A EP 0059296 B1 EP0059296 B1 EP 0059296B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
water
polyglycols
wedge
gauging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81830137A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059296A1 (en
Inventor
Mario Dott. Ing. Fiorese
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Viscosud Of Dotting Mario Fiorese Srl
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Viscosud Of Dotting Mario Fiorese Srl
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Application filed by Viscosud Of Dotting Mario Fiorese Srl filed Critical Viscosud Of Dotting Mario Fiorese Srl
Priority to EP81830137A priority Critical patent/EP0059296B1/en
Priority to DE8181830137T priority patent/DE3163392D1/en
Priority to JP57024271A priority patent/JPS5821490A/en
Priority to GB08221328A priority patent/GB2104096B/en
Publication of EP0059296A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059296A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a new application of polyglycols soluble in water, with high EP - extreme pressure - properties, to lubricate heavy operating machines in which sliding frictions take place at a high pressure due to the reciprocal sliding of the surfaces of the working members: more in detail, it is concerned with a new application of polyglycols obtained by copolymerisation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as lubricants to waste after each working cycle, in machines in which the operating conditions are identical to the ones that take place in a mechanical expander made by Mannesmann Meer AG Mönchengladbach, better known as a cold doublehead mechanical expander with two expansion units.
  • a mechanical expander made by Mannesmann Meer AG Mönchengladbach
  • This machine (see figure), that has been preferred to the expanders of hydraulic type because of its better functioning, is formed by a truncated pyramid or wedge 1 and by wedge-shaped elements 2 placed side by side and joined together by means of a ring so to form with their outer surface a cylindrical surface.
  • the wedge-shaped elements 2 slide simultaneously on the surface of the wedge 1, and move radially in a centrifugal direction, conveying their pressure on the inner surface of a tube 4 if a tension-rod 3 moves in the direction of the arrow.
  • each expander needs a lubricant qualified to absorb the high pressures that can exceed 12 kg/sq.mm, because of the friction that takes place between the surfaces of the wedge-shaped element 2 and of the wedge 1 that causes the expansion, which are in reciprocal contact.
  • the builder of these expanders suggests using as lubricant EP - extreme pressure -, mineral oils that are emulsifiable in water; consequently in order to remove the lubricant that wets the inner surface of the tube, at the end of the every working cycle, chemical solvents must be used.
  • the solvents are polluting and not biodegradable products and the lubricant contains slags and ferrous scales due to the cold-working of the expander, and the lubricant itself is a polluting substance, it is preferable to discard them rather than to recover them.
  • the invention as claimed is intended to remedy these drawbacks due to the of emulsifiable EP lubricating oil in this type of expander for welded tubes and in other operating machines in which the same lubricating conditions take place i.e. soiling the worked surfaces by the lubricant and wasting of the exhausted lubricant itself.
  • the invention provides the use of a water soluble lubricant comprising an ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymere having a load carrying capacity of > 12 kg/mm 2 and suitable to consent the selectively removing of slags and ferrous scales that have settled on the lubricant wetting the wedge of the expander by washing with water at a pressure below 4 kg/cm 2 and subsequently removing the lubricant from the inner surface of the tube by washing at a pressure above 4 kg/cm 2 .
  • polyglycols enables entire removal of the lubricant that falls into the tube or removal of just the slag and the ferrous scale that have settled on the lubricant wetting the wedge of the expander, by washing the tube and the wedges, without using a chemical substance, but only using water at different pressures: higher pressure to clean the tube and lower pressures removing only the slag and ferrous scale from the wedges.
  • the above mentioned polyglycols remain adherent to the lubricated surfaces of the machine if it undergoes a low pressure water washing (for instance 3-4 kg/sq.cm), whereas it is remove if it undergoes high pressure water washing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

  • The invention refers to a new application of polyglycols soluble in water, with high EP - extreme pressure - properties, to lubricate heavy operating machines in which sliding frictions take place at a high pressure due to the reciprocal sliding of the surfaces of the working members: more in detail, it is concerned with a new application of polyglycols obtained by copolymerisation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as lubricants to waste after each working cycle, in machines in which the operating conditions are identical to the ones that take place in a mechanical expander made by Mannesmann Meer AG Mönchengladbach, better known as a cold doublehead mechanical expander with two expansion units. A. O. Smith system, to effect the straightening of tubes with a diameter from 0,76 to 1,42 m (30 to 56 inches), thick from 6,35 to 25,4 mm, length from 10 to 18 m ± 200 mm, in order to correct the "banana" effect due to the welding and to carry out their gauging.
  • This machine (see figure), that has been preferred to the expanders of hydraulic type because of its better functioning, is formed by a truncated pyramid or wedge 1 and by wedge-shaped elements 2 placed side by side and joined together by means of a ring so to form with their outer surface a cylindrical surface.
  • The wedge-shaped elements 2 slide simultaneously on the surface of the wedge 1, and move radially in a centrifugal direction, conveying their pressure on the inner surface of a tube 4 if a tension-rod 3 moves in the direction of the arrow.
  • So each expander needs a lubricant qualified to absorb the high pressures that can exceed 12 kg/sq.mm, because of the friction that takes place between the surfaces of the wedge-shaped element 2 and of the wedge 1 that causes the expansion, which are in reciprocal contact.
  • Moreover as the lubricant falls in the tube, it is almost always necessary to clean the inner surface of the tube at the end of the straightening, if the conditions of the inner surface of the tube must be checked visually and if other treatments such as sandblasting and special varnishings must be carried out.
  • At present, the builder of these expanders suggests using as lubricant EP - extreme pressure -, mineral oils that are emulsifiable in water; consequently in order to remove the lubricant that wets the inner surface of the tube, at the end of the every working cycle, chemical solvents must be used.
  • As the solvents are polluting and not biodegradable products and the lubricant contains slags and ferrous scales due to the cold-working of the expander, and the lubricant itself is a polluting substance, it is preferable to discard them rather than to recover them.
  • On the other hand, the discharge of the lubricant into water would give rise to further considerable expenses and to a considerable increase in the cost of the finished tubes, it being necessary to carry out treatment of great quantities of exhausted lubricant to avoid pollution, before discharging it. The mechanical expander above mentioned, built by Mannesmann, produces daily hundreds Kilos of waste lubricant.
  • From FR-A-2 299 472 it is known to use watersoluble polyglycols alone or in combination with oleic acid as lubricant in metal working operation.
  • It is also known from FR-A=2 243 035 to use water-soluble lubricants in mechanical expander processes.
  • The invention as claimed is intended to remedy these drawbacks due to the of emulsifiable EP lubricating oil in this type of expander for welded tubes and in other operating machines in which the same lubricating conditions take place i.e. soiling the worked surfaces by the lubricant and wasting of the exhausted lubricant itself.
  • The invention provides the use of a water soluble lubricant comprising an ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymere having a load carrying capacity of > 12 kg/mm2 and suitable to consent the selectively removing of slags and ferrous scales that have settled on the lubricant wetting the wedge of the expander by washing with water at a pressure below 4 kg/cm2 and subsequently removing the lubricant from the inner surface of the tube by washing at a pressure above 4 kg/cm2.
  • The applications as lubricant of the polyglycols obtained by copolymerisation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide soluble in water, with high EP properties (resistance to specified pressures greater than 12 kg./sq.mm) and high viscosity solves the general problem connected with a reduction of manufacturing costs of the welded tubes, because of the lower cost of such lubricant compared with the cost of the mineral lubricating oils and because of the possibility of discharging directly the exhausted lubricant into water without submitting it to particular treatments if its concentration is within the allowed limits.
  • Furthermore, the use of such polyglycols enables entire removal of the lubricant that falls into the tube or removal of just the slag and the ferrous scale that have settled on the lubricant wetting the wedge of the expander, by washing the tube and the wedges, without using a chemical substance, but only using water at different pressures: higher pressure to clean the tube and lower pressures removing only the slag and ferrous scale from the wedges.
  • In fact, the above mentioned polyglycols remain adherent to the lubricated surfaces of the machine if it undergoes a low pressure water washing (for instance 3-4 kg/sq.cm), whereas it is remove if it undergoes high pressure water washing.
  • These properties can be attained by means of copolymerisation of propylene oxide (C3H60) and of ethylene oxide (C2H40) to which are added vegetable oils and derivatives in percentages not higher than 10%.
  • When using the above mentioned Mannesmann cold mechanical double-head expander, with the above mentioned copolymeres as lubricants, if sandblasting and varnishing are required, the following final operations are needed:
    • a) cleaning of the inner surfaces of the tubes, wetted by the lubricant and of the working member of the expander by washing them with water at different pressures;
    • b) visual quality testing;
    • c) sandblasting and varnishing;
    • d) direct discharge of the exhausted lubricant in the drain water tanks of the factory because of its solubility and its lower toxicity. The use of the polyglycols owing to the fact that they can be discharged in great quantities in water, due to their lower toxicity also achieves extra advantages for the industries concerned with this problem because it allows simplification of the equipment and the plants meant for the treatment of industrial waste.
  • This would not be possible when mineral lubricating oils are used because of the extremely low concentration of said lubricating oil allowed in the drain water tanks of the factory (in Italy for instance the allowed concentration is 3 p.p. million).

Claims (1)

  1. Use of a water soluble lubricant in the process of cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes in a mechanical expander, to lubricate the surface between the central wedge (1) and the external wedge shaped elements (2) sliding on said wedge and moving radially in a centrifugal direction as the result of the motion of a tension rod (3), characterized by
    (a) a lubricant comprising an ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer having a load carrying capacity of > 12 kg/mm2;
    (b) selectively removing slags and ferrous scales that have settled on the lubricant wetting the wedge of the expander by washing with water at a pressure below 4 kg/cm2, and
    (c) subsequently removing the lubricant settled on the inner surface of the tube by washing with water at a pressure above 4 kg/cm2.
EP81830137A 1981-07-29 1981-07-29 Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes Expired EP0059296B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81830137A EP0059296B1 (en) 1981-07-29 1981-07-29 Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes
DE8181830137T DE3163392D1 (en) 1981-07-29 1981-07-29 Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes
JP57024271A JPS5821490A (en) 1981-07-29 1982-02-16 Water-soluble polyglycol lubricating agent for expander to cool arrange and gauge elongated welded steel pipe
GB08221328A GB2104096B (en) 1981-07-29 1982-07-23 Water-soluble polyglycols lubricants

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81830137A EP0059296B1 (en) 1981-07-29 1981-07-29 Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059296A1 EP0059296A1 (en) 1982-09-08
EP0059296B1 true EP0059296B1 (en) 1984-05-02

Family

ID=8188704

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81830137A Expired EP0059296B1 (en) 1981-07-29 1981-07-29 Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0059296B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5821490A (en)
DE (1) DE3163392D1 (en)
GB (1) GB2104096B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5898554B2 (en) * 2012-03-30 2016-04-06 出光興産株式会社 Lubricating oil composition for metal working

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1337606A (en) * 1961-10-18 1963-09-13 Montedison Spa Lubricating compositions for cold deformation of metals
FR1365732A (en) * 1962-08-08 1964-07-03 Shell Int Research Aqueous drilling and cutting fluid
US3847828A (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-11-12 Universal Oil Prod Co Working of non-ferrous metals
FR2243035B2 (en) * 1973-09-11 1979-06-01 Chabas Et Besson Sa

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5821490A (en) 1983-02-08
DE3163392D1 (en) 1984-06-07
GB2104096A (en) 1983-03-02
GB2104096B (en) 1985-08-14
JPH0246636B2 (en) 1990-10-16
EP0059296A1 (en) 1982-09-08

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