EP0057790B1 - Nozzle assembly - Google Patents

Nozzle assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057790B1
EP0057790B1 EP19810305805 EP81305805A EP0057790B1 EP 0057790 B1 EP0057790 B1 EP 0057790B1 EP 19810305805 EP19810305805 EP 19810305805 EP 81305805 A EP81305805 A EP 81305805A EP 0057790 B1 EP0057790 B1 EP 0057790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle assembly
passage
passages
axis
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810305805
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0057790A1 (en
Inventor
Floyd H. Clairmont, Jr.
Russell R. Graze, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Tractor Co filed Critical Caterpillar Tractor Co
Publication of EP0057790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0057790A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057790B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/08—Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a nozzle assembly for spraying a liquid in a substantially columnar form and, more particularly, to a nozzle assembly for spraying a stream of cooling liquid into a reciprocating piston passage.
  • a nozzle In using a nozzle to spray a liquid, the pattern of the stream leaving the nozzle is important to assure that the liquid is delivered to the precise location desired.
  • a nozzle is commonly used to spray a cooling liquid such as engine oil upwardly against the piston as it reciprocates in order to cool it.
  • the oil In longer stroke engines particularly, the oil must be sprayed a relatively long distance toward the piston when it is at its top dead center position. The pattern of the spray is therefore important so that the oil reaches the desired portion of the piston for direct cooling. The oil can then drip or be deflected downwardly to cool the remaining portion of the piston.
  • the nozzles in such engines have utilized a single opening having a sufficiently large cross-sectional area to deliver the desired volume of oil for a given period of time.
  • it tends to spread out or have an excessively wide spray pattern. This reduces the effectiveness of the cooling oil in that sufficient amounts do not reach the piston crown area.
  • a further solution comprises (as shown in US-A-4067307) a nozzle assembly for spraying a liquid in a substantially columnar form which comprises an outlet portion having a passage for passing a flow of liquid to a nozzle.
  • a nozzle assembly for spraying a liquid in a substantially columnar form comprises an outlet portion having a passage for passing a flow of liquid to a nozzle opening for ejection therethrough along an axis; and is characterized in that a plurality of second passages are provided for passing second flows of liquid to second openings along a plurality of paths generally encircling the first passage, the second flows each having a velocity less than the velocity of the first flow.
  • the assembly includes an inlet portion separate from the outlet portion and having an opening therethrough, the axis of the opening being substantially aligned with the axis of the first passage in the outlet portion.
  • a nozzle assembly 10 is shown associated with an internal combustion engine 12.
  • the engine has a block 14 in which a cylinder liner 16 is carried.
  • a piston 18 is positioned in the cylinder liner and reciprocates, as is known in the art, within the cylinder liner.
  • the block 14 has a passageway 20, and a liquid distribution manifold 22 is releasably connected to the block in communication with the passageway.
  • the nozzle assembly 10 receives a cooling liquid, such as engine oil, under pressure from the passageway and the manifold, which is then sprayed upwardly toward the piston as it reciprocates in a liquid column as is illustrated and identified by the letter "A".
  • the piston 18 has a profiled downwardly facing and stepped opening 24 and a straight passage 26 connected to the opening which extends upwardly to an internal annular chamber 28 located at the crown area thereof.
  • a plurality of generally radially extending passages 30 serve to communicate cooling liquid in the annular chamber with a centrally disposed cavity 32. From the cavity the liquid can descend by gravity through a central port 34 to the region of the connection between the connecting rod 36 and gudgeon pin 38 for lubrication thereof.
  • the nozzle assembly 10 includes an inlet portion 40 and an outlet portion 42 releasably secured thereon.
  • the inlet portion is an integral outlet part of the manifold 22 and has a substantially cylindrical inner wall 44 at the outlet thereof defining an opening 46 through which the cooling liquid flows generally along a first central axis 48.
  • the inlet portion further has external connecting threads 50 and an end face 52, and the outlet portion has internal connecting threads 54 and a pocket 56 for screwthreadably receiving the inlet portion.
  • the outlet portion 42 of the nozzle assembly 10 includes a planar inner end face 58 and a planar outer end face 60 parallel thereto defining a preselected length "L" therebetween as is illustrated in Fig. 2. More specifically, a cylindrical outlet passage 62 having a preselected diameter "D I " is defined between the end faces and is disposed on a second central axis 64 generally aligned with the first central axis 48 of the inlet portion 40. Moreover, a plurality of cylindrical outlet passages 66 are also defined between the end faces and individually have a diameter "D 2 ".
  • the passages 66 are preferably aligned along a plurality of individual axes 68 which are parallel to the central axis 64 and symmetrically located a radial distance therefrom to establish a radial separation distance "S" between the central passage 62 and the surrounding passages 66 as is illustrated in Fig. 3. It is theorized that the minimal radial separation distance "S” should be about 1 mm, or one half the diameter "02", whichever is greater.
  • the central outlet passage 62 constitutes a primary or first passage means 70 for communicating a first liquid flow from the opening 46 through the outlet portion 42
  • the encircling passages 66 constitute a secondary or second passage means 72 for communicating a second liquid flow from the opening 46 through the outlet portion.
  • the first liquid flow has a flow rate along the central axis 64 at a first velocity
  • the second liquid flow has a flow rate in the individual passages 66 at a second velocity less than the first velocity.
  • the velocities of the individual outward liquid flow paths from the nozzle assembly 10 are at least in part based upon a relationship to the boundary layer flow conditions adjacent the inner wall 44 of the opening 46 in the inlet portion 40.
  • the boundary layer flow through a pipe such as the manifold 22 might represent, is a region adjacent the wall of decreased liquid velocity owing to the viscous drag of the liquid thereat.
  • the primary outlet passage 62 is spaced radially inwardly of the axial extension of the boundary layer within opening 46 in order to achieve the first desired velocity.
  • first velocity will basically be the highest velocity through the inlet portion 40 and the highest velocity through the nozzle assembly.
  • the reduced second velocity desired from the secondary outlet passages 66 is established in the instant embodiment by locating them at least in part in substantial axial alignment with the boundary layer flow along the inner wall 44. This can be accomplished by positioning the radially outermost portion of the secondary outlet passages 66 in axial alignment with the inner wall 44 of the opening 30.
  • the radially outer edges of the peripherally grouped outlet passages are constructed axially flush with the inner wall such that liquid at a decreased velocity will enter the secondary outlet passages.
  • the nozzle assembly 10, and particularly the outlet passages 62, 66 can be of other configurations without departing from the invention.
  • the outlet passages can be formed of individual tubes, not shown, attached to the inlet portion 40.
  • the shape, orientation, number and size of the outlet passages can be varied as long as the cross-section thereof is basically symmetrical to assure columnar flow.
  • a plurality of arcuately shaped outlet passages, not shown, can be formed in an annular relationship about the primary outlet passage.
  • the illustrated configuration represents the most desirable and economical nozzle assembly contemplated.
  • the nozzle assembly 10 sprays a substantially columnar stream pattern "A" upwardly in the profiled opening 24 and the passage 26 formed in the reciprocating piston 18.
  • the oil enters the annular chamber 28 substantially at the same flow rate as it had leaving the nozzle assembly.
  • the oil stream makes substantially no contact with the walls of the opening 24 so that there is no loss of cooling oil before the stream enters the interior of the passage 26.
  • the use of multiple elongate passages 66 encircling the elongate central passage 62 greatly reduces any rotational turbulence of the oil in the inlet portion 40 of the manifold 22. This is in part due to the relatively significant ratio of the length "L" of the outlet passages 62, 66 to the cross-section areas thereof as represented by the respective diameters 0, and D z . It is theorized that the L/O, ratio for the central passage 62 should preferably be in a range of from about 3.75 to about 6.0. Similarly, the L/D Z ratio for the outer passages 66 should preferably be in a range of from about 7.5 to about 13.0. It is further theorized that these two UD ratios are related and should preferably not be less than 2:1 or greater than 3:1, and with the minimum individual ratio being above about 3.75.
  • the distance "L” was 15 mm, 0, was 2.5 mm, D z was 1.15 mm, and the radial distance "S" between the central passage and the eight peripherically located passages was 1 mm.
  • a sufficient quantity of oil must be available within a preselected pressure range above a minimum value of about 140 kPa in the inlet manifold 22.
  • oil under a pressure of about 480 kPa was available in the manifold sufficient for the subject nozzle assembly 10 to desirably supply about 18 litres/minute to the piston passage 26.
  • the plurality of relatively long straight passages 62, 66 served to divide the swirling flow into a plurality of individual and straightened streams.
  • the outlying streams Due to the viscosity of the air medium between the central stream and the plurality of encircling streams traveling at a lesser veloctiy than the central stream, the outlying streams have a tendency to be pulled radially inwardly toward the central axis 64 through a suction phenomena aided by atmospheric pressure, all of which factors maintain the liquid stream pattern "A" in columnar form for a substantially significant overall distance, for example about 400 mm.
  • the nozzle assembly of the present invention is relatively compact and simple in operation, and can advantageously direct a columnar stream of oil into a linear passage in a reciprocating piston so that it can cool the crown portion thereof. This is accomplished without resorting to a complicated series of pressurized oil passages through the crankshaft and connecting rod, which costly alternative also tends to weaken these components in relatively critical areas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
EP19810305805 1981-01-23 1981-12-09 Nozzle assembly Expired EP0057790B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/US81/00092 1981-01-23
PCT/US1981/000092 WO1982002575A1 (en) 1981-01-23 1981-01-23 Nozzle assembly for controlled spray

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057790A1 EP0057790A1 (en) 1982-08-18
EP0057790B1 true EP0057790B1 (en) 1985-05-08

Family

ID=22161055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810305805 Expired EP0057790B1 (en) 1981-01-23 1981-12-09 Nozzle assembly

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0057790B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS57502220A (ja)
BR (1) BR8108955A (ja)
CA (1) CA1167886A (ja)
DE (1) DE3170439D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1982002575A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29518911U1 (de) * 1995-04-22 1996-01-25 Kamat-Pumpen GmbH & Co KG, 58454 Witten Löschdüsenkopf, insbesondere für eine transportable Löschnebelpistole
US7152808B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2006-12-26 Kautex Textron Cvs Limited Fluid spray nozzle

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4442843A (en) * 1980-11-17 1984-04-17 Schering, Ag Microbubble precursors and methods for their production and use
GB8726688D0 (en) * 1987-11-13 1987-12-16 Wakefield A W Jetting nozzle
GB2212074B (en) * 1987-11-13 1992-07-08 Wakefield Anthony W Jetting nozzle
DE19633167A1 (de) * 1996-08-17 1998-02-19 Porsche Ag Spritzdüse für die Kolbenkühlung einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102004057626B4 (de) 2004-11-30 2014-02-06 Mahle International Gmbh Kolbenspritzdüse
DE102006056011A1 (de) 2006-11-28 2008-05-29 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kühlkanalvarianten für Kolben
CN111120065A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-05-08 潍柴动力股份有限公司 冷却喷嘴及提高打靶效率的方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1790908A (en) * 1931-02-03 Nozzie tip
US2121948A (en) * 1935-05-11 1938-06-28 Western Electric Co Burner
US2321017A (en) * 1940-10-31 1943-06-08 Calle Antonio Fernando De La Fluid discharge nozzle
IT1018796B (it) * 1973-08-30 1977-10-20 Motoren Turbinen Union Ugello a getto libero
AT327418B (de) * 1974-01-17 1976-01-26 Voest Ag Strahlduse
US4206726A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-06-10 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Double orifice piston cooling nozzle for reciprocating engines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29518911U1 (de) * 1995-04-22 1996-01-25 Kamat-Pumpen GmbH & Co KG, 58454 Witten Löschdüsenkopf, insbesondere für eine transportable Löschnebelpistole
US7152808B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2006-12-26 Kautex Textron Cvs Limited Fluid spray nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1167886A (en) 1984-05-22
WO1982002575A1 (en) 1982-08-05
BR8108955A (pt) 1982-12-14
DE3170439D1 (en) 1985-06-13
EP0057790A1 (en) 1982-08-18
JPS57502220A (ja) 1982-12-16

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