EP0057039A1 - Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material - Google Patents

Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057039A1
EP0057039A1 EP82200068A EP82200068A EP0057039A1 EP 0057039 A1 EP0057039 A1 EP 0057039A1 EP 82200068 A EP82200068 A EP 82200068A EP 82200068 A EP82200068 A EP 82200068A EP 0057039 A1 EP0057039 A1 EP 0057039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
contour
polygon
provision
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82200068A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0057039B1 (en
Inventor
Aloysius Joseph Hoogenboom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FLOWDRILL BV
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FLOWDRILL BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FLOWDRILL BV filed Critical FLOWDRILL BV
Priority to AT82200068T priority Critical patent/ATE7368T1/en
Publication of EP0057039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0057039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057039B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/063—Friction heat forging
    • B21J5/066—Flow drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • B21D31/02—Stabbing or piercing, e.g. for making sieves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow drill for the provision through the intermediary of friction heat and pressure of a hole surrounded by a collar in metal sheet or metal tube walls, said drill having a shaft and a smooth tapering operative end, the cross-section of said operative end being based on a regular polygon and has a convex contour situated within the circle circumscribing the body hole.
  • the cross-section of the operative drill end is a square, having rounded apexes. It has been found, that such a drill is suitable for the provision of holes in the softer metals such as aluminum and copper or brass, but for the provision of holes in harder metals, such as bronze and steel offers not so good results and will wear already after having made a relatively small number of holes.
  • the flow drill according to the dutch patent 160499 is based in its shape of the cross-section of the operative part on an equilateral triangle, having apex radiusses comprising two arcs merging in the apex and having different radius of curvature and different length.
  • the contour likewise may be in the shape of an arc, but having a larger radius of curvature, or by a straight line.
  • the apexes of the triangle are too much accentuated due to said transitions in radius of curvature, whereby instability in the operation of the drill may occur, particularly if said drill is used for flaring tube ends. Thereby said ends are formed into a somewhat square instead of a circular shape.
  • the invention aims at providing an improved flow drill not having the above mentioned disadvantages.
  • the basic shape i of the contour is a triangle. However, it may also be a square, pentagon or hexagon.
  • the embodiments preferred in practice are drills based on a square since their operational stability is greater than that of drills based on a triangle, while those drills based on a pentagon or hexagon too closely approximate the circular shape.
  • no cams are necessary.
  • the drill may be ground in accordance with the contour according to the formula on a numerically controlled grinding machine.
  • the drill as shown has a first conical part 3, having a pointed centering portion 2, a prismatic second part 4, a collar 5 having a shoulder 6 and a shaft 7 by means of which the drill may be secured in a drilling machine head.
  • the drill according to the invention which is suitable for making holes in copper, aluminum, bronze and steel, may be used in both rotational directions, remains free of material growth or adhesion, with a maximum in stability and life and has an operative portion 3 and 4, the cross-section of which has the contour according to the formula, examples of which are shown in fig. 2 and 3.
  • n the number of sides or apexes of the polygon on which the contour is based is indicated by n
  • e indicates the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of the radius vector R in the relative contour
  • 6 indicates the so called modulation factor and determines the radius angle in the points of the curve.
  • 6 is usually beteen 0 and 0.9.
  • a is the so-called non-symmetry factor. If a is not equal to 0, the contour is composed of n equal parts each being non-symmetrical relative to the radius vector, situated between both end points from that contour part.
  • the left column of contours as shown in fig. 3 is relative to contours based on a triangle, the right column shows contours based on a square.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A flow drill (1) having a cross-sectional contour satisfying a complex harmonic curve according to the formula as given in the claim. Said contour ensures a uniform load distribution on the hole wall and little or no material growth on the drill. The contour is symmetrical in the rotation direction whereby reverse of drill rotation is permitted.

Description

  • The invention relates to a flow drill for the provision through the intermediary of friction heat and pressure of a hole surrounded by a collar in metal sheet or metal tube walls, said drill having a shaft and a smooth tapering operative end, the cross-section of said operative end being based on a regular polygon and has a convex contour situated within the circle circumscribing the body hole.
  • Such flow drills are known, e.g. from the French patent 1189384 and the Dutch patent 160499.
  • According to the Dutch patent the cross-section of the operative drill end is a square, having rounded apexes. It has been found, that such a drill is suitable for the provision of holes in the softer metals such as aluminum and copper or brass, but for the provision of holes in harder metals, such as bronze and steel offers not so good results and will wear already after having made a relatively small number of holes.
  • The flow drill according to the dutch patent 160499 is based in its shape of the cross-section of the operative part on an equilateral triangle, having apex radiusses comprising two arcs merging in the apex and having different radius of curvature and different length. In between the apex radiusses the contour likewise may be in the shape of an arc, but having a larger radius of curvature, or by a straight line. The apexes of the triangle are too much accentuated due to said transitions in radius of curvature, whereby instability in the operation of the drill may occur, particularly if said drill is used for flaring tube ends. Thereby said ends are formed into a somewhat square instead of a circular shape.
  • Furthermore with said known flow drill the pressure per unit of area becomes too large in the short arc, which leads to heat stresses and small fissures in the drill and thereby to a shortening of the useful life. For it is that the radiusses of the arcs have not been adapted to a mixed lubrication, i.e. partly hydrodynamical as a result of the flowing material and partially dry. Almost exclusively dry friction and thereby a strong wear of the drill occurs. On the other hand the drill is too much relieved relative to the hole wall at the position of the longer one of both apex arcs, whereby at that point adhesion of material to the drill occurs which material has to be removed periodically. A self cleaning action of the drill by a reverse of the direction of rotation is impossible due to the non-symmetry of the apex arcs.
  • Finally grinding the drill can only be carried out by means of a cam in connection with the special transverse contour which is not really continuous due to the steps in the curvature radiusses of the arcs. For each different diameter or topcone of the drill a different cam must be used.
  • The invention aims at providing an improved flow drill not having the above mentioned disadvantages. This is achieved according to the invention in that the contour of the cross-section may be shown by the formula:
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
    in which the condition is valid for the solutions of R( ϕ):
    Figure imgb0003
    and in which R= Radius vector from the drill center Ro= radius vector in a starting point of the contour in one of the apexes of the polygon, ϕ = the angle between R and Ro, e=R max -R min , δ= the modulation factor and a = the non-symmetry factor.
  • Thereby a really continuous contour is obtained which is based on a complex harmonic curve and thereby a uniform load distribution along the part thereof entering into engagement with the hole wall. The relief relative to the hole wall in the remaining contour part is very small or absent, in which last mentioned case there always is a small contact pressure whereby growth or adhesion of material is minimized. With non-ferrous metals still some growth may occur but this may be immediately removed by reversing the direction of rotation of the drill, which is possible due to the symmetrical extension of the countour. i Moreover, the wear of the drill may be made more uniform by intermittent reverse of rotation. Moreover, a mixed lubrication between the drill and the hole wall occurs due to the extension of the contour according to the invention.
  • If in the above mentioned formula n = 3 then the basic shape i of the contour is a triangle. However, it may also be a square, pentagon or hexagon. The embodiments preferred in practice are drills based on a square since their operational stability is greater than that of drills based on a triangle, while those drills based on a pentagon or hexagon too closely approximate the circular shape. For manufacturing the drill ) no cams are necessary. The drill may be ground in accordance with the contour according to the formula on a numerically controlled grinding machine.
  • The invention will hereunder be further explained with reference to the drawing.
    • Fig. 1 shows a side view of the drill with there-below, shown in section, a hole manufactured through that drill.
    • Fig. 2 is a cross-section according to I-I of Fig. 1. of a possible cross-sectional contour of the drill.
    • Fig.3 shows a plurality of different possible contours, wherein for each contour the values of the parameters according to the formula are shown.
  • The drill as shown has a first conical part 3, having a pointed centering portion 2, a prismatic second part 4, a collar 5 having a shoulder 6 and a shaft 7 by means of which the drill may be secured in a drilling machine head.
  • The drill according to the invention, which is suitable for making holes in copper, aluminum, bronze and steel, may be used in both rotational directions, remains free of material growth or adhesion, with a maximum in stability and life and has an operative portion 3 and 4, the cross-section of which has the contour according to the formula, examples of which are shown in fig. 2 and 3.
  • In fig. 3 the number of sides or apexes of the polygon on which the contour is based is indicated by n, e indicates the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of the radius vector R in the relative contour, 6 indicates the so called modulation factor and determines the radius angle in the points of the curve. In practice 6 is usually beteen 0 and 0.9. a is the so-called non-symmetry factor. If a is not equal to 0, the contour is composed of n equal parts each being non-symmetrical relative to the radius vector, situated between both end points from that contour part.
  • The left column of contours as shown in fig. 3 is relative to contours based on a triangle, the right column shows contours based on a square.

Claims (1)

  1. A flow drill for the provision of a hole in metal sheet or metal tube walls, surrounded by a collar, said hole being made through the intermediary of frictional heat and pressure, said drill having a shaft and a smooth tapering operative end, the cross-section of said operative end being based on a regular polygon and having a convex contour, situated within the circle circumscribing the polygon, characterized in that the contour of the cross-section is shown by the formula:
    Figure imgb0004
    Figure imgb0005
    in which the condition applies to the solutions for R(φ) that:
    Figure imgb0006
    in which R = the radius factor from the drill center, R = radius vector in a starting point of the contour in one of the apexes of the polygon, φ = the angle between R and Ro, e = Rmax-Rmin, n is the number of apexes of the polygon,6 is a modulation factor and α is a non-symmetry factor.
EP82200068A 1981-01-22 1982-01-19 Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material Expired EP0057039B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82200068T ATE7368T1 (en) 1981-01-22 1982-01-19 DRILL BITS FOR PULLING HOLES IN SHEET MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8100304 1981-01-22
NL8100304A NL8100304A (en) 1981-01-22 1981-01-22 LIQUID DRILL FOR MAKING HOLES IN SHEETS.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057039A1 true EP0057039A1 (en) 1982-08-04
EP0057039B1 EP0057039B1 (en) 1984-05-09

Family

ID=19836903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200068A Expired EP0057039B1 (en) 1981-01-22 1982-01-19 Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0057039B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7368T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3260137D1 (en)
NL (1) NL8100304A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0150518A1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-07 Flowdrill B.V. Flowdrill, particularly adapted to be used in a hand drilling machine
GB2227536A (en) * 1988-11-22 1990-08-01 Stott Benham Limited Gas distribution tube
EP0740035A1 (en) * 1995-04-26 1996-10-30 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Hollow post with accompanying mounting element
EP0913493A1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1999-05-06 BOEING NORTH AMERICAN, Inc. Friction boring process for aluminium alloys
FR2850889A1 (en) * 2003-02-07 2004-08-13 Inter Meca Metallic unit e.g. steel tube, rotary intrusion device for use in vehicle, has tool with succession of contours, projections and grooves formed on its surface to produce increase of temperature of metallic during intrusion
DE102004045265B4 (en) * 2004-09-11 2006-08-31 Institut für Füge- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH Method and device for connecting at least two flat workpieces
DE102006034585A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg Hole and thread forming screw
JP2008229721A (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-10-02 Kofukin Seimitsu Kogyo (Shenzhen) Yugenkoshi Molded part including hole and burring method thereof
RU2492972C2 (en) * 2010-11-09 2013-09-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Самарский государственный технический университет Tool for plastic boring

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL160499C (en) * Geffen Tech Adviesbureau Bv Mandrel FOR MAKING A HOLE ENCLOSED BY A COLLAR IN A METAL PLATE OR WALL OF A METAL TUBE.
FR1189384A (en) * 1957-12-31 1959-10-02 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Method and tool for forming collars, and collars resulting therefrom
US3195156A (en) * 1961-06-27 1965-07-20 Res Engineering And Mfg Inc Method of producing thread swaging devices
DE2552665B2 (en) * 1974-11-28 1979-03-01 Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V., Apeldoorn (Niederlande) A mandrel that can be rotated quickly around its axis for making a hole in a metal rat or the wall of a metal pipe

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL160499C (en) * Geffen Tech Adviesbureau Bv Mandrel FOR MAKING A HOLE ENCLOSED BY A COLLAR IN A METAL PLATE OR WALL OF A METAL TUBE.
FR1189384A (en) * 1957-12-31 1959-10-02 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Method and tool for forming collars, and collars resulting therefrom
US3195156A (en) * 1961-06-27 1965-07-20 Res Engineering And Mfg Inc Method of producing thread swaging devices
DE2552665B2 (en) * 1974-11-28 1979-03-01 Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V., Apeldoorn (Niederlande) A mandrel that can be rotated quickly around its axis for making a hole in a metal rat or the wall of a metal pipe

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0150518A1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-07 Flowdrill B.V. Flowdrill, particularly adapted to be used in a hand drilling machine
GB2227536A (en) * 1988-11-22 1990-08-01 Stott Benham Limited Gas distribution tube
EP0740035A1 (en) * 1995-04-26 1996-10-30 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Hollow post with accompanying mounting element
BE1009332A3 (en) * 1995-04-26 1997-02-04 Bekaert Sa Nv Hollow pole as associated with fixing element.
EP0913493A1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1999-05-06 BOEING NORTH AMERICAN, Inc. Friction boring process for aluminium alloys
FR2850889A1 (en) * 2003-02-07 2004-08-13 Inter Meca Metallic unit e.g. steel tube, rotary intrusion device for use in vehicle, has tool with succession of contours, projections and grooves formed on its surface to produce increase of temperature of metallic during intrusion
EP1447152A1 (en) * 2003-02-07 2004-08-18 Inter Meca (Société à responsabilité limitée) Device for forming in ogive like form, for spinning or fluopiercing of pieces of a round or ovoid section
DE102004045265B4 (en) * 2004-09-11 2006-08-31 Institut für Füge- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH Method and device for connecting at least two flat workpieces
DE102006034585A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg Hole and thread forming screw
JP2008229721A (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-10-02 Kofukin Seimitsu Kogyo (Shenzhen) Yugenkoshi Molded part including hole and burring method thereof
RU2492972C2 (en) * 2010-11-09 2013-09-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Самарский государственный технический университет Tool for plastic boring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE7368T1 (en) 1984-05-15
NL8100304A (en) 1982-08-16
DE3260137D1 (en) 1984-06-14
EP0057039B1 (en) 1984-05-09

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