EP0056923B1 - Antenna having small dimensions - Google Patents

Antenna having small dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056923B1
EP0056923B1 EP81402082A EP81402082A EP0056923B1 EP 0056923 B1 EP0056923 B1 EP 0056923B1 EP 81402082 A EP81402082 A EP 81402082A EP 81402082 A EP81402082 A EP 81402082A EP 0056923 B1 EP0056923 B1 EP 0056923B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
receiver
metal plate
box
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81402082A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0056923A3 (en
EP0056923A2 (en
Inventor
Albert Boubouleix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0056923A2 publication Critical patent/EP0056923A2/en
Publication of EP0056923A3 publication Critical patent/EP0056923A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0056923B1 publication Critical patent/EP0056923B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly a small antenna intended to equip a portable receiver.
  • small antenna is understood to mean an antenna whose dimension is much less than the wavelength of the waves received.
  • the antenna is traditionally made up of two metal plates, forming an electrical dipole, between which the receiver is interposed, an adaptation circuit generally constituted by an inductor, being provided between the receiver and each of the metal plates constituting the dipole.
  • the poles of the dipole forming the antenna consist of two housings separated by an insulator, the coupling of the dipole to the circuits of the radio station being carried out using a transformer.
  • the device described however has the drawbacks of remaining bulky and of requiring a conductive screen to protect the radio receiver against the effects varying the capacitance produced by mobile objects near the receiver.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the invention is a small antenna forming an electrical dipole and intended to equip a portable radio receiver, characterized in that the first pole of the electrical dipole is constituted by a metal box in which are housed the the set of components of the radio receiver and which forms a zero electric field reference potential plane for the receiver, the second pole of the electric dipole is formed by a metal plate connected to the components of the radio receiver, the metal plate being fixed spaced apart and facing a face of the metal box so that the space between the metal plate and the facing face of the metal box has a value much less than the reception wavelength of the radio receiver, the dipole formed by the metal box and the metal plate being such that the plane of the reference potential of the first pole is located at half the distance separating the face of the box directly in look of the metal plate from that of the case opposite it.
  • An inductor 4 intended to ensure the adaptation of the antenna of the receiver, is provided with a first terminal connected to the plate 1 and a second terminal connected to a first input of an amplifier (not shown in the figure 1) located inside the metal housing and forming part of the input stage of the receiver, a second input of this amplifier being connected to the housing.
  • the antenna thus constituted behaves like an electric dipole comprising, as shown in FIG. 2, a first metal plate constituted by plate 1 and a second metal plate constituted by a virtual metal plate 5 located at mid -height (2) of the housing 2.
  • FIG. 3 representing the equipotential lines obtained around the antenna according to the invention when the latter is placed in a uniform electric field, in a rheographic tank.
  • aa ' shows that the electric field which bypasses the housing from below is not used.
  • the electric field is zero towards the middle of the box (points 0 and 0 ').
  • the tangential component of the electric field is zero at the limit of the box.
  • the structure of this antenna has several advantages over the structure of the antenna traditionally used.
  • a first advantage is that the size is reduced. More precisely, the height of the antenna and housing assembly is reduced by a height equal to L.
  • a second advantage is that we save inductances. In fact, before, the signals supplied by the two metal plates were in phase opposition. It was therefore necessary to provide a mid-point transformer consisting of a first winding provided with a first terminal connected to the first plate, a second terminal connected to the second plate, and a second winding provided with a first terminal connected to the input of an amplifier forming part of the input stage of the receiver and of a second terminal set to a reference potential, the midpoint of the first winding being also set to this reference potential.
  • the second antenna plate according to the invention consists of the receiver housing. It therefore suffices to connect the first terminal of the amplifier to the plate 1 via the inductor 4, and a second terminal of the amplifier to the housing 2 which by definition constitutes a reference potential.
  • a third advantage is that the metallization of the receiver housing provides impermeability to stray electric fields. The electronic circuits constituting the receiver are thus protected from direct coupling with the external environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne, et plus particulièrement une antenne de petite dimension destinée à équiper un récepteur portatif.The present invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly a small antenna intended to equip a portable receiver.

On entend par antenne de petite dimension une antenne dont la dimension est très inférieure à la longueur d'onde des ondes reçues.The term “small antenna” is understood to mean an antenna whose dimension is much less than the wavelength of the waves received.

Ce type de récepteur se rencontre notamment dans les systèmes de transmission de signaux radioélectriques émis par un émetteur de base et destinés à des usagers, munis de récepteurs portatifs, se déplaçant à l'intérieur d'un périmètre défini par un rayon de grandeur limitée autour de leur poste téléphonique ou radiotéléphonique d'abonné. Ces systèmes sont plus connus sous le terme de systèmes d'appel unilatéral ou encore de systèmes «EUROSIGNAL».This type of receiver is encountered in particular in systems for transmitting radioelectric signals emitted by a basic transmitter and intended for users, provided with portable receivers, moving within a perimeter defined by a radius of magnitude limited around of their subscriber telephone or radiotelephone extension. These systems are better known under the term of unilateral calling systems or “EUROSIGNAL” systems.

Dans ces systèmes, il est souhaitable pour le confort de l'usager, de réduire le plus possible les dimensions du récepteur et de l'antenne incorporée au récepteur.In these systems, it is desirable for the comfort of the user, to reduce as much as possible the dimensions of the receiver and of the antenna incorporated in the receiver.

L'antenne est traditionnellement constituée de deux plaques métalliques, formant un dipôle électrique, entre lesquelles est interposé le récepteur, un circuit d'adaptation généralement constitué par une inductance, étant prévu entre le récepteur et chacune des plaques métalliques constituant le dipôle.The antenna is traditionally made up of two metal plates, forming an electrical dipole, between which the receiver is interposed, an adaptation circuit generally constituted by an inductor, being provided between the receiver and each of the metal plates constituting the dipole.

Les efforts de réduction d'encombrement ont jusqu'à présent été essentiellement orientés vers la réduction du volume occupé par le récepteur, et ont bénéficié largement des apports de la microélectronique dans ce domaine.The efforts to reduce congestion have so far been essentially oriented towards reducing the volume occupied by the receiver, and have benefited greatly from the contributions of microelectronics in this field.

En revanche il parait difficilement envisageable sans changer la structure de l'antenne, de réduire le volume occupé par la structure décrite précédemment.On the other hand, it seems difficult to envisage without changing the structure of the antenna, to reduce the volume occupied by the structure described above.

Un exemple de réalisation allant dans ce sens est cependant décrit dans le brevet français 1175 744. Dans cet exemple les pôles du dipôle formant l'antenne sont constitués par deux boîtiers séparés par un isolant, le couplage du dipôle aux circuits du poste radio étant réalisé à l'aide d'un transformateur. Le dispositif décrit a toutefois pour inconvénients de rester encombrant et de nécessiter un écran conducteur pour protéger le récepteur radio contre les effets faisant varier la capacitance produits par des objets mobiles à proximité du récepteur.An exemplary embodiment going in this direction is however described in the French patent 1175 744. In this example the poles of the dipole forming the antenna consist of two housings separated by an insulator, the coupling of the dipole to the circuits of the radio station being carried out using a transformer. The device described however has the drawbacks of remaining bulky and of requiring a conductive screen to protect the radio receiver against the effects varying the capacitance produced by mobile objects near the receiver.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients précités.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet, une antenne de petite dimension formant un dipôle électrique et destinée à équiper un récepteur radio portatif, caractérisée en ce que le premier pôle du dipôle électrique est constitué par une boîte métallique dans laquelle sont logés l'ensemble des composants du radio récepteur et qui forme un plan de potentiel de référence de champ électrique nul pour le récepteur, le deuxième pôle du dipôle électrique est formé par une plaque métallique connectée aux composants du récepteur radio, la plaque métallique étant fixée espacée et en regard d'une face de la boîte métallique de sorte que l'espace entre la plaque métallique et la face en regard de la boîte métallique a une valeur très inférieure à la longueur d'onde de réception du récepteur radio, le dipôle formé par la boîte métallique et la plaque métallique étant tel que le plan du potentiel de référence du premier pôle est situé à la moitié de la distance séparant la face du boîtier directement en regard de la plaque métallique de celle du boîtier qui lui est opposée.To this end, the subject of the invention is a small antenna forming an electrical dipole and intended to equip a portable radio receiver, characterized in that the first pole of the electrical dipole is constituted by a metal box in which are housed the the set of components of the radio receiver and which forms a zero electric field reference potential plane for the receiver, the second pole of the electric dipole is formed by a metal plate connected to the components of the radio receiver, the metal plate being fixed spaced apart and facing a face of the metal box so that the space between the metal plate and the facing face of the metal box has a value much less than the reception wavelength of the radio receiver, the dipole formed by the metal box and the metal plate being such that the plane of the reference potential of the first pole is located at half the distance separating the face of the box directly in look of the metal plate from that of the case opposite it.

Les objets et caractéristiques de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les dessins ci-annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 montre la structure d'une antenne conforme à l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 est un schéma équivalent de la structure représentée à la figure 1;
  • - la figure 3 est un diagramme représentant les lignes équipotentielles obtenues lorsqu'on expérimente l'antenne conforme à l'invention dans une cuve rhéographique.
  • L'antenne représentée sur la figure 1 comporte une plaque métallique 1 et un boîtier métallique 2, de hauteur H renfermant les éléments constituant le récepteur (ces éléments n'étant pas représentés sur la figure). A titre d'exemple le boîtier métallique a une forme parallélépipédique, mais une forme quelconque conviendrait. Une face 3 du parallélépipède 2 est placée en regard de la plaque 1, à une distance L de celle-ci. A titre d'exemple, la face 3 a une surface sensiblement égale à celle de la plaque 1. L'antenne est dite de petite dimension car la dimension L est très inférieure à la longueur d'onde des ondes reçues.
The objects and characteristics of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, said description being made in relation to the attached drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows the structure of an antenna according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is an equivalent diagram of the structure shown in Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 is a diagram showing the equipotential lines obtained when testing the antenna according to the invention in a rheographic tank.
  • The antenna shown in Figure 1 has a metal plate 1 and a metal housing 2, of height H containing the elements constituting the receiver (these elements are not shown in the figure). By way of example, the metal case has a parallelepiped shape, but any shape would be suitable. One face 3 of the parallelepiped 2 is placed opposite the plate 1, at a distance L from the latter. By way of example, the face 3 has a surface substantially equal to that of the plate 1. The antenna is said to be of small dimension because the dimension L is much less than the wavelength of the waves received.

Une inductance 4, destinée à assurer l'adaptation de l'antenne du récepteur, est munie d'une première borne reliée à la plaque 1 et d'une seconde borne reliée à une première entrée d'un amplificateur (non représenté sur la figure 1) situé à l'intérieur du boîtier métallique et faisant partie de l'étage d'entrée du récepteur, une seconde entrée de cet amplificateur étant reliée au boîtier.An inductor 4, intended to ensure the adaptation of the antenna of the receiver, is provided with a first terminal connected to the plate 1 and a second terminal connected to a first input of an amplifier (not shown in the figure 1) located inside the metal housing and forming part of the input stage of the receiver, a second input of this amplifier being connected to the housing.

L'expérimentation prouve que l'antenne ainsi constituée se comporte comme un dipôle électrique comportant, comme le montre la figure 2, une première plaque métallique constituée par la plaque 1 et une seconde plaque métallique constituée par une plaque métallique virtuelle 5 se situant à mi-hauteur (2) du boîtier 2.Experimentation proves that the antenna thus constituted behaves like an electric dipole comprising, as shown in FIG. 2, a first metal plate constituted by plate 1 and a second metal plate constituted by a virtual metal plate 5 located at mid -height (2) of the housing 2.

Il suffit pour cela de se référer à la figure 3 représentant les lignes équipotentielles obtenues autour de l'antenne conforme à l'invention lorsqu'on place celle-ci dans un champ électrique uniforme, en cuve rhéographique. Sur cette figure on remarque une concentration du champ qui passe entre les armatures du condensateur formé par la plaque métallique et par la face du boîtier métallique qui est placée en regard de la plaque métallique. On remarque également une ligne de séparation aa' qui montre que le champ électrique qui contourne le boîtier par le bas n'est pas utilisé. On remarque également que le champ électrique est nul vers le milieu du boîtier (points 0 et 0'). On remarque également que la composante tangentielle du champ électrique est nulle à la limite du boîtier.For this, it suffices to refer to FIG. 3 representing the equipotential lines obtained around the antenna according to the invention when the latter is placed in a uniform electric field, in a rheographic tank. In this figure, we can see a concentration of the field which passes between the armatures of the capacitor formed by the metal plate and by the face of the metal case which is placed opposite the metal plate. There is also a separation line aa 'which shows that the electric field which bypasses the housing from below is not used. We also note that the electric field is zero towards the middle of the box (points 0 and 0 '). We also note that the tangential component of the electric field is zero at the limit of the box.

On constate donc que tout se passe comme si l'ensemble formé par la plaque métallique et par le boîtier métallique se comportait comme un condensateur dont une première armature est constituée par la plaque métallique, et dont une seconde armature est constituée non pas par la face du boîtier placée en regard de la plaque métallique, mais par une plaque virtuelle située à mi-hauteur du boîtier.It can therefore be seen that everything happens as if the assembly formed by the metal plate and by the metal case behaved like a capacitor, a first frame of which is formed by the metal plate, and a second frame of which is not made up of the face of the box placed opposite the metal plate, but by a virtual plate located halfway up the box.

La structure de cette antenne présente plusieurs avantages par rapport à la structure de l'antenne utilisée traditionnellement.The structure of this antenna has several advantages over the structure of the antenna traditionally used.

Un premier avantage est que l'encombrement se trouve réduit. Plus précisément la hauteur de l'ensemble antenne et boîtier se trouve réduite d'une hauteur égale à L.A first advantage is that the size is reduced. More precisely, the height of the antenna and housing assembly is reduced by a height equal to L.

Un second avantage est qu'on réalise une économie d'inductances. En effet auparavant les signaux fournis par les deux plaques métalliques étaient en opposition de phase. Il était donc nécessaire de prévoir un transformateur à point milieu constitué d'un premier enroulement muni d'une première borne reliée à la première plaque, d'une seconde borne reliée à la seconde plaque, et d'un second enroulement muni d'une première borne reliée à l'entrée d'un amplificateur faisant partie de l'étage d'entrée du récepteur et d'une seconde borne mise à un potentiel de référence, le point milieu du premier enroulement étant également mis à ce potentiel de référence. Or la seconde plaque de l'antenne conforme à l'invention est constituée par le boîtier du récepteur. Il suffit donc de relier la première borne de l'amplificateur à la plaque 1 via l'inductance 4, et une seconde borne de l'amplificateur au boîtier 2 qui constitue par définition un potentiel de référence. Un troisième avantage est que la métallisation du boîtier du récepteur procure une impermébilité aux champs électriques parasites. Les circuits électroniques constituant le récepteur se trouvent ainsi protégés des couplages directs avec l'environnement extérieur.A second advantage is that we save inductances. In fact, before, the signals supplied by the two metal plates were in phase opposition. It was therefore necessary to provide a mid-point transformer consisting of a first winding provided with a first terminal connected to the first plate, a second terminal connected to the second plate, and a second winding provided with a first terminal connected to the input of an amplifier forming part of the input stage of the receiver and of a second terminal set to a reference potential, the midpoint of the first winding being also set to this reference potential. However, the second antenna plate according to the invention consists of the receiver housing. It therefore suffices to connect the first terminal of the amplifier to the plate 1 via the inductor 4, and a second terminal of the amplifier to the housing 2 which by definition constitutes a reference potential. A third advantage is that the metallization of the receiver housing provides impermeability to stray electric fields. The electronic circuits constituting the receiver are thus protected from direct coupling with the external environment.

Claims (6)

1. An antenna of small dimensions constituting an electrical dipole and conceived to equip a portable radio receiver, characterized in that the first pole of the electrical dipole is constituted by a metal box (2) receiving all the components of the radio receiver and constituting a reference potential plane of the electrical field of zero value for the receiver, while the second pole of the electrical dipole is constituted by a metal plate (1) connected to the components of the radio receiver, the metal plate (1) being fixed at a distance to and facing one side of the metal box so that the distance between the metal plate (1) and the side of the metal box (2) facing it is substantially smaller than the reception wave length of the radio receiver, the dipole constituted by the metal box (2) and the metal plate (1) being such that the plane of the reference potential of the first pole is situated half-way of the distance 0-0' separating the side of the box directly facing the metal plate and the side of the box which is opposed thereto.
2. An antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the side (3) of the metal box facing the metal plate (1) has a surface area substantially equal to that of said metal plate (1).
3. An antenna according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the metal box has a parallelepipedic shape.
4. An antenna according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that it is matched to the receiver by means of an inductor (4) a first terminal of which is connected to the metal prate (1) and a second terminal of which is connected to the receiver.
5. An antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the connection between the inductor (4) and the receiver is provided via an amplifier, a first input of which is connected to the second terminal of the inductor and a second input of which is connected to the metal box (2).
EP81402082A 1981-01-23 1981-12-28 Antenna having small dimensions Expired EP0056923B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8101291 1981-01-23
FR8101291A FR2498819B1 (en) 1981-01-23 1981-01-23 SMALL ANTENNA

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056923A2 EP0056923A2 (en) 1982-08-04
EP0056923A3 EP0056923A3 (en) 1982-08-11
EP0056923B1 true EP0056923B1 (en) 1986-10-08

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EP81402082A Expired EP0056923B1 (en) 1981-01-23 1981-12-28 Antenna having small dimensions

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US (1) US4491843A (en)
EP (1) EP0056923B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3175454D1 (en)
DK (1) DK21382A (en)
FR (1) FR2498819B1 (en)

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JPS583405B2 (en) * 1976-09-24 1983-01-21 日本電気株式会社 Antenna for small radio equipment
US4171423A (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-10-16 Union Carbide Corporation Derivatives of ester diol alkoxylates and compositions thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4491843A (en) 1985-01-01
EP0056923A3 (en) 1982-08-11
FR2498819B1 (en) 1985-05-31
FR2498819A1 (en) 1982-07-30
DK21382A (en) 1982-07-24
DE3175454D1 (en) 1986-11-13
EP0056923A2 (en) 1982-08-04

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