Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
  • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
  • B43K27/00—Multiple-point writing implements, e.g. multicolour; Combinations of writing implements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D13/00—Pencil-leads; Crayon compositions; Chalk compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to drawing implements.
• one drawing implement provides only one colour, and if more than one colour has been desired or needed a plurality of implements, for example pencils, providing respective different colours have been required.
• a drawing implement having a laminated structure comprising a plurality of layers of colouring or colour-bearing material.
• Drawing implements embodying the present invention can each provide more than one drawing colour.
• the colours can be used together, with a single stroke of the implement leaving a track composed of different colours, or by using the implement appropriately a single stroke of the implement can provide a track of only one of the colours offered by the implement.
• a drawing implement embodying the present invention may be used simply for the attractive and varied designs, of varied colour, which can be created using only one implement.
• each colour offered by the implement can be used individually can provide the artist with various advantages. He needs only one implement to provide a number of colours, offering a saving in cost and avoiding theueed to change implements when the working colour is to be changed.
• Drawing implements in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may be, for example, wax crayons, chalk crayons or pastels, pencils, or felt-tip or marker pen implements.
• manufacturing cost can be reduced insofar as it is not necessary to provide separate packaging, wrapping, presentation or binding for each different colour.
• a method of manufacturing a drawing implement comprising forming successive layers of colouring or colour-bearing material, one over the other, to form a laminated structure.
• Methods of manufacturing drawing implements in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can provide for the manufacture of large volumes of implements at a favourable cost.
• the user can benefit through the availability of an implement offering a plurality of colours at a reasonable price, e.g. the artist is provided in one implement with materials which, previously, could have been obtained only through the purchase of several implements.
• Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a wax crayon embodying the present invention
• Figure 2 is a top plan view of the wax crayon of Figure 1, partly sectioned along the line A-A' in Figure
• Figures 3 and 4 are respective schematic representations of colour patterns which can be produced by the drawing implement of Figure 1
• Figures 5 A and 5B are schematic diagrams illustrating the manner in which the drawing implement of Figure 1 is used to produce the pattern of Figure 4
• Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a pencil embodying the present invention
• Figure 7 is a schematic partial sectional view of a felt-tip pen embodying the present invention.
• Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a wax crayon 10 embodying the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a view of the crayon 10 from above, partly sectioned along the line A-A' in Figure 1.
• the crayon 10 has a laminated structure comprising a plurality of layers of wax 1 to 6.
• One end of the crayon is shaped as shown to form a tip 7 and the other end 8 of the crayon is flat.
• the crayon may be 3 3/4" to 4" long, and 3/4" deep, each of the layers 1 to 6 being 1/8" thick, to give a convenient size implement.
• the crayon is shown comprising six layers only by way of example, two or more layers may be provided.
• each layer may be thicker, or thinner, than 1/8". Very thin layers only 1/64" thick may be produced.
• the layers will be of equal thicknesses, as shown in Figure 1.
• different layer thicknesses may be provided.
• one side of the crayon may have relatively thicker layers, to facilitate selection of individual colours by the artist, whilst the other side of the crayon has relatively thinner layers for providing vari-coloured tracks in a single stroke of the implement, as explained later.
• the layers may each be of a different colour or shade, or more than one layer of the same colour or shade may be provided. For example, two colours may alternate layer by layer.
• the different layers may be of different primary colours or of pronouncedly different colours.
• each layer may be of the same colour of a different shade or tone of that colour.
• the layers may be progressively darker in shade.
• the different configurations of the two ends 7 and 8 of the crayon can provide the artist with a variety of drawing effects.
• Figure 3 shows a "stripe" effect which can be achieved using the flat end 8 of the crayon, with the artist moving the flat end 8 of the crayon across the paper with the layers of the crayon parallel to the direction of movement of the crayon.
• the track left by the crayon on the paper comprises parallel stripes 51 to 56 of respective colours.
• Figure 4 shows an effect which can be achieved using the shaped tip 7 of the crayon 10.
• Figures 5A and 5B indicate how the artist should manipulate the crayon 10 to produce the effect of Figure 4.
• Figure 5A the artist commences with the crayon 10 inclined at an angle with its tip 7 in contact with paper 100. The artist then moves the crayon generally in the direction indicated by arrow A, at the same time rotating the crayon around the tip 7 as indicated by arrow B.
• Figure 5B shows the final disposition of the crayon 10.
• Regions 62 and 64 are transitional regions where two layers are in contact with the paper at one time and their colours are mixed or blended together.
• the shape of the tip 7 of the crayon 10 may be selected so as to facilitate the use of colours individually, or alternatively so as to facilitate vari-coloured effects.
• one basic effect which can be provided by a drawing implement embodying the present invention is a band of colours which consist of parallel lines of different colours, with the lines of the same width, for example.
• Another basic effect which may be provided is the provision of a series of different colours along a band or track.
• the drawing implement can be rotated and twisted or turned and many and varied colour effects can be achieved.
• implements embodying the present invention can, of course, be used to draw on surfaces other than paper.
• Implements may be designed for marking particular surfaces.
• the layers may be laminated in a sequence corresponding to the sequence of colours in the spectrum, e.g. purple, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. With such an arrangement, rainbows can be drawn at a stroke.
• implements with different sequences of coloured layers can be sold in sets, or they may be sold singLy so that the artist can collect, a set of implements offering all the different sequences.
• Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a wax crayon embodying the present invention.
• a chalk or pastel embodying the presentinvention can also be provided which has the same general appearance as the wax crayon of Figures 1 and 2 but with layers 1 to 6 comprising chalk instead of wax.
• Figure 6 is a sectional view of a pencil embodying the present invention, the section taken perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the pencil.
• layers 31 to 36 are layers of pencil lead of different colour or shade.
• Veneer 37 is provided at opposite sides of the pencil, and further veneers 38 are provided to form a casing to enclose the layers of lead completely.
• a "wax" pencil may be made in which layers 31 to 36 are layers of different coloured wax, in a casing of veneers 37 and 38.
• Figure 7 is a sectional view of a felt tip pen or marker in accordance with the present invention.
• Successive quantities of pigmented solutions are poured in stages one upon the other into a level bottomed trough or tank.
• a first quantity of pigmented solution carrying a pigment of a first colour, becomes solid (through cooling or self- hardening) to form a first layer
• a second quantity of pigmented solution is poured on top of the first layer.
• a third quantity of pigmented solution is poured, and so on.
• successive layers of solidified wax are formed one upon another, each layer of uniform thickness throughout the trough or tank and with the layers bonded to one another (eg. by fusion, catalysis or thermal effects).
• a large laminated slab is formed in this way.
• Individual crayons are formed by cutting the slab into strips, then cutting the strips into appropriate lengths. One end of each length may be cut to shape to provide a tip 7 as shown in Figure 1.
• a casting trough or tank providing a casting area 8ft. by 2ft in size may be used.
• a one gallon quantity of pigmented molten wax poured into the casting area will solidify to provide a layer approximately 1/8" in depth.
• a second gallon of pigmented molten wax will provide a further layer 1/8" in depth.
• six one gallon quantities of pigmented wax will provide six successive layers each 1/8" in depth.
• the casting area can be increased and a greater number of crayons produced without any substantial increase in processing time. If a casting area 8ft. by 12ft. is used, about 6000 crayons can be produced in about 11 ⁇ 2 hours, and if a casting area 16ft by 16 ft is used about 16000 crayons can be produced. As casting area is increased, a greater quantity of molten wax is required to produce each 1/8" thick layer.
• Thin layers can be provided by using proportionately smaller quantities of wax. Layers as thin as 1/64" can be produced.
• the production of a wax crayon embodying the present invention can be effected using wax without relying upon the addition of bonding agent to the wax, if temperature is well controlled.
• a bonding or binding agent can be added to each quantity of molten wax used.
• Portuguese wood rosin is a suitable binding agent.
• each quantity of molten wax is poured at a temperature of. about 100°C.
• Each quantity is allowed to cool for about 7 minutes before the next quantity is poured.
• one layer is allowed to become solid before pouring of molten wax to form the next layer
• pouring of wax for the next layer should take place with the one layer still warm enough to be pliant.
• the surface on which the first layer is to be formed may be polythene, melamine, perspex, metal or formica, for example.
• the wax employed for forming a crayon embodying the present invention may be slab wax (which is the colour of candle wax).
• slab wax which is the colour of candle wax.
• rosin or other bonding agent is blended in, and appropriate powder pigment is added to the wax and blended in a blender; progressively more pigment is added until the appropriate shade or hue is achieved.
• the laminated slab ultimately formed should be cut whilst the wax is still warm and plastic to a degree, and a relatively even temperature exists in the slab.
• the st rips into which the laminated slab is cut need not to be completely separated, for example the strips may be joined together by one layer of wax. Thus, when the strips are cut into lengths, blocks of connected crayons are provided from which individual crayons can be snapped off.
• Chalk or pastel drawing implements embodying the present invention can be produced by a method similar to that used for producing wax crayons.
• a quantity of slurry of Plaster of Paris and pigment (or other self-hardening pigmented compound) is poured onto a level casting area. This quantity of slurry is allowed to set partly, to form a first layer, then a similar slurry (differently pigmented) is poured onto the partly set first layer, and so on, to form a laminated slab. The slab is cut into strips and lengths as for the wax crayons, to form individual chalk or pastels.
• pigmented compounds may be poured hot and allowed to solidify by cooling, or a pigmented compound (for example a suitably infused clay slurry) may be mixed and poured and then heated to drive off water to cause solidification.
• a pigmented compound for example a suitably infused clay slurry
• Slurry for one layer should be poured on a preceding layer before it is fully hardened, so as to ensure that a strong bond is formed between the layers (by bonding between molecules of the layers).
• slurry for one layer should not be poured onto the preceding layer too soon, or complete intermixing would take place.
• the preceding layer should be allowed to set to a creamy consistency before a further layer is poured.
• Kiln or oven drying may be used to drive off excess water vapour from the finished chalks or pastels.
• Plaster of Paris or gypsum
• pigment mixed with chalk with methyl cellulose or gum Tragacanth may be used to form the layers of the pastel or chalk drawing implement.
• a pencil embodying the present invention may be formed by a method as described below.
• Such a pencil comprises a wooden sleeve with a laminated core of pencil lead.
• the pencil is sharpened at one end to expose the laminated core.
• the pencil may be formed as follows. A level casting area is covered with a sheet of veneer or wood. Successive quantities of liquid pencil lead are poured and solidified to form a laminated layer structure and then the structure is covered over with a further veneer. The slab comprising the laminated layer structure of pencil lead sandwiched between the veneers is cut into strips which are then turned on their sides for further veneering to form a complete casing. The encased strips are then cut into lengths.
• a wax pencil may be made by combining veneers and a laminated layer structure of wax rather than of pencil lead.
• a laminated layer structure of pencil lead may be cut into strips and a wooden sleeve provided for each strip, the sleeve consisting of two mitred halves which fit around the strip and encase the layer structure.
• a felt-tip drawing implement embodying the present invention may be manufactured as follows.
• a level surface is provided.
• a sheet of felt with a waterproof backing is placed on a level surface and saturated with coloured ink.
• a second sheet of backed felt is bonded to the first sheet (for example, the backing of the second sheet is bonded to the first sheet using a waterproof adhesive or mastic). The second sheet is then saturated with (different) coloured ink.
• Successive sheets of ink bearing felt are provided in this way to form a laminated layer structure of bonded felt layers containing (different) coloured inks separated by waterproof layers.
• the layer structure is cut into strips and lengths which are then housed in pen sheaths.
• layers of felt imppregnated with ink
• layers of acetate may be used to encase-the felt layer structure produced.
• a felt-tip implement embodying the present invention may also be provided in which a plurality of felt-tip units lie parallel to each other, insulated from one another. The tips of the units are flattened so that they touch but for a thin layer of insulation to prevent (different) coloured inks merging .
• a modified form of drawing implement embodying the present invention may provide for the sequence of colours in the implement to be variable. For example, individual colour units, e.g. slim felt-tip units or slim pencil units, may be held and contained in a case or sleeve in such a manner that the positions of the mnits can be changed within the sleeve.
• the present invention provides drawing implements each comprising a plurality of layers of colouring or colour carrying material.
• the layers may all be of different colours or hues, or colours may alternate layer by layer.
• the present invention also provides methods of manufacturing drawing implements having a laminated layer structure, suitable for batch production of large quantities of implements .

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26276385

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1981
  • 1981-07-28 WO PCT/GB1981/000150 patent/WO1982000444A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1981-07-28 EP EP19810902275 patent/EP0056818A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events