EP0055987B1 - Prefabricated retaining wall for walls or mounds - Google Patents

Prefabricated retaining wall for walls or mounds Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055987B1
EP0055987B1 EP82100020A EP82100020A EP0055987B1 EP 0055987 B1 EP0055987 B1 EP 0055987B1 EP 82100020 A EP82100020 A EP 82100020A EP 82100020 A EP82100020 A EP 82100020A EP 0055987 B1 EP0055987 B1 EP 0055987B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
retaining wall
wall according
tie rod
compound unit
prefabricated compound
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP82100020A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0055987A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Schneider
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Heijmans Wegen En Verkeerstechnieken Te 's H BV
Schneider & Klippel Kg Hoch- Tief- und Strassenb
Original Assignee
Schneider & Klippel KG
Schneider & Klippel KG
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Priority to AT82100020T priority Critical patent/ATE12801T1/en
Publication of EP0055987A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055987A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216—Cribbing walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a retaining wall made of earth filled prefabricated parts for supporting a slope or wall, consisting in the view of boxes stacked on top of one another, which are secured against mutual displacement by additional components held on the lower box and serving the upper box as a stop are.
  • Prefabricated retaining walls for walls or ramparts with boxes arranged one above the other like a checkerboard have the advantage over closed retaining walls made of prefabricated parts that they can be given a more pleasing appearance by planting. Plantability is particularly good when the prefabricated parts are not solid, but boxes that can be filled with soil. Boxes also have the advantage that they are easy to lay because of their lighter weight.
  • the front region of the upper edge is designed as a step.
  • This step serves the box to be arranged above as a stop, so that a stepped wall or a stepped wall can be built up from several boxes arranged one above the other.
  • the width of the front step determines the slope angle of the wall. For this reason, the use of the boxes is limited. If you want to produce walls with different slope angles, boxes with different dimensions of the front step would have to be made available (DE-A-2 836 350).
  • U-shaped stops such as riders
  • U-shaped stops are inserted onto the upper edge of the side walls.
  • Such a stop is supported with one leg on the inside of the front wall of the lower box, while the upper box is supported with the front on the back of the leg of this stop.
  • the angle of inclination of the retaining wall can be determined via the length of the legs.
  • the disadvantage of such retaining walls is that the introduction of force into the lower box on its front wall is unfavorable, so that larger forces cannot be absorbed without the box being subjected to tensile reinforcement.
  • Retaining walls are also known (DE-B-2 519 232), in which the components are not offset one above the other like a checkerboard, but are arranged offset to the rear to form an inclined slope angle.
  • This retaining wall consists of angle profiles, which form a base plate and the front, and partitions used in this angle profile, which also serve as bearing blocks for the angle profiles arranged above.
  • a step is formed in the upper edge of these partition walls, which supports the angle profiles supported on it to the front.
  • the partitions can also carry downward projections, which are supported on the back of the base plate.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a prefabricated retaining wall of the type mentioned, which manages with a single type of box for different embankment angles and is also suitable for large loads without the reinforcement necessary for conventional concrete boxes for a high load capacity is required.
  • a Z-shaped tie rod or an I-shaped tie rod is arranged in the overlapping area between two superposed boxes, the rear leg of which on the outside of the rear wall of the lower box and the front leg of the outside of the Front wall of the upper box is in contact.
  • a wall can be built with the desired angle of inclination. If a Z tie rod is used, it must be arranged in each joint between the boxes above each other. If an I-tie rod is used that supports both the adjacent lower and the adjacent upper box on the front at the same time, such a tie rod need only be provided in every second joint between boxes arranged one above the other. In any case, the angle of inclination can be specified. With a Z tie rod, the angle of inclination depends on the length of the tie rod. With an I tie rod, it is possible to provide the angle of inclination by an offset in the area of the joint, where there is no anchor.
  • the wall can absorb large loads without the risk that the box, which is usually made of concrete, will break.
  • the one with conventional concrete boxes Reinforcement necessary for high load absorption is unnecessary in the boxes provided for the retaining wall according to the invention. For this reason, the boxes can be easily machined.
  • the retaining wall can be additionally secured. This advantage is particularly important for high and / or steep retaining walls.
  • the anchoring is held in the ground behind the wall or is connected to a further anchoring of an opposing wall, so that the retaining walls hold each other and thereby a stable, free-standing wall is obtained.
  • a groove is embedded in the top of the associated lower box and / or the underside of the associated upper box to accommodate the tension member.
  • the boxes lie on top of each other without gaps.
  • the tension member can consist of flat material. Welded-on T-pieces have proven their worth because they absorb the bending moment well. Since the tension member made of flat material is supported in the region of the legs on the lower box in each case, there is no risk that it will bend.
  • the tension member carries on its top and bottom a stop for the outside of the side wall of the upper and lower box.
  • a tie rod not only locks the boxes perpendicular to the planes of the front and rear walls of the boxes, but also perpendicular to the side walls.
  • the wall can be erected in a simple manner without laying equipment, since only the bottom row has to be set exactly to size.
  • the position results from the stops for the front and rear sides as well as for the side walls. It is particularly favorable if this stop is designed as a rib running in the longitudinal direction of the tie rod.
  • the rear end of a tie rod has a connection for anchoring. It is not necessary for each tie rod to have such anchoring. How many of the built-in tie rods need anchoring depends on the height, the angle of the slope and the soil to be removed.
  • connection is designed as a plug-in coupling part for a tension member.
  • a particularly expedient embodiment consists of an open-top shell into which a head of the tension member of the rear anchor can be inserted in a form-fitting manner.
  • the back anchoring itself can be composed of several identical tension members with head and shell that form a chain.
  • the tie rod can also be made of reinforced concrete.
  • the above-described training with crossbar and plug-in coupling can be carried out well in reinforced concrete.
  • the prefabricated retaining wall consists of several, rectangular, bottomless concrete boxes, one above the other and slightly offset to the rear, which are supported by their four walls. Such a retaining wall is backfilled with soil. In addition, the boxes 1 are filled with soil. So that the boxes 1 do not slide forward, they are held by stops 2 to be described in detail.
  • a flat groove 5, 6 is embedded in the top of each side wall 3, 4 of each box 1, a flat groove 5, 6 is embedded.
  • This groove 5, 6 serves to receive a tie rod, which consists of a middle part 7 made of flat material and made of T-profile, welded legs 8, 9.
  • the leg 9 When the tie rod 7 to 9 is inserted, the leg 9 is supported on the outside of the rear wall 10, while the box 11 arranged above is supported with the outside of its front wall 12 on the leg 8 serving as a stop, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the upper box 11 is more or less offset relative to the lower box 1 to the rear. In this way, retaining walls with different slope angles can be built from one and the same box type.
  • the tie rod with its legs 8, 9 only grips the upper and lower box on the outside and thus only requires pressure, the box, which is usually made of concrete, is loaded appropriately for the material, so that it can be very heavily loaded without the risk of Break exists.
  • the tie rod is suitable for the tie rod at high loads.
  • the tie rod can be composed of different parts, but it can also be cast in one piece. If the loads to be absorbed are not so large, a plastic anchor can also be used instead of a steel anchor.
  • the prefabricated retaining wall according to FIGS. 5 to 8 differs from that of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 especially in the design of the Z-tie rod 22.
  • 31 need for lateral Determining the Z-tie rod 22 no grooves or other recesses to be provided.
  • the Z-tie rod 22 consists of a flat middle part 27 and legs 28, 29 connected to it in one piece, and ribs 25, 26 extending from the legs 28, 29 and extending at diametrically opposite edges over half of the middle part 27 as stops for the side walls 23 , 24 of the boxes 21, 31 to be arranged one above the other.
  • the parts 25 to 29 are cast in concrete and reinforced by an iron insert 33.
  • a connecting iron 34 is cast in the tie rod 22, which protrudes from the rear leg 29.
  • the connecting iron 34 can be poured in place with concrete and connected to a back anchor.
  • the front end face of the leg 28 is chamfered at the edges.
  • the upper, rear edge of the lower box 31 is encompassed by the leg 29 and the rib 25 and the lower, front corner of the upper box by the leg 28 and the rib 26. This results in a connection that fixes the boxes arranged one above the other both in the plane parallel to the front and rear walls and in the plane parallel to the side walls.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 8 in that two adjacent tie rods 35, 36 are connected to one another at their rear ends via a bolt 37 and form a structural unit with the latter. Otherwise, the shape of the tie rods 35, 36 corresponds to that of the tie rods 22 of the previous exemplary embodiment.
  • an upwardly open shell 38 is formed, in which a tension member 39 of a chain composed of similar tension members 39, 40, 41 engages as anchoring with a hammer head 42.
  • the ends of each tension member 39 opposite the hammer head 42 have a shell 43, 44 correspondingly shaped to the shell 38, into which the hammer heads 45, 46 of the following tension members 40, 41 engage.
  • FIG. 9 shows, such tension link chains 39, 40, 41 need only be provided at a few points, but not distributed over the entire height of the retaining wall.
  • the tie rods 47 have a slightly modified shape compared to the previous embodiment, and in this case there are no longer Z tie rods, but I tie rods. This means that the boxes arranged one above the other, between which there is such a tie rod, are supported both on the front walls and on the rear walls. If such tie rods are provided, it is not necessary to provide such tie rods 47 in each parting line between boxes arranged one above the other. Each box is already fixed if such a tie rod 47 is arranged in every second joint.
  • the tie rods 47 can be connected at the rear to rear anchorages, as shown in FIG. 10. It is also possible to connect two tie rods 47 to one another via a crossbar. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, on the other hand, the tie rods 47 are connected in one piece to a tension member 48, at the other end of which a tie rod 49 of an opposite retaining wall is connected. In this embodiment with two retaining walls, the tie rods 47, 49 hold themselves over the common tension member 48 as anchoring, so that a stable, free-standing wall is obtained.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine aus mit Erdreich verfüllten Fertigteilen bestehende Stützmauer zum Abstützen eines Hanges oder Walles, bestehend aus in der Ansicht schachbrettartig aufeinander gelagerten Kästen, die gegen gegenseitiges Verschieben durch am jeweils unteren Kasten gehaltene und dem jeweils oberen Kasten als Anschlag dienende, zusätzliche Bauteile gesichert sind.The invention relates to a retaining wall made of earth filled prefabricated parts for supporting a slope or wall, consisting in the view of boxes stacked on top of one another, which are secured against mutual displacement by additional components held on the lower box and serving the upper box as a stop are.

Fertigteil-Stützmauern für Wände oder Wälle mit schachbrettartig übereinander angeordneten Kästen haben gegenüber geschlossenen Stützmauern aus Fertigteilen den Vorzug, daß ihnen durch Bepflanzung ein gefälligeres Aussehen gegeben werden kann. Die Bepflanzbarkeit ist besonders dann gut, wenn die Fertigteile nicht massiv, sondern Kästen sind, die mit Erdreich aufgefüllt werden können. Kästen haben darüber hinaus wegen ihres leichteren Gewichtes den Vorteil, daß sie sich leicht verlegen lassen.Prefabricated retaining walls for walls or ramparts with boxes arranged one above the other like a checkerboard have the advantage over closed retaining walls made of prefabricated parts that they can be given a more pleasing appearance by planting. Plantability is particularly good when the prefabricated parts are not solid, but boxes that can be filled with soil. Boxes also have the advantage that they are easy to lay because of their lighter weight.

Bei einer bekannten Fertigteil-Stützmauer der eingangs genannten Art ist der vordere Bereich des oberen Randes als Stufe ausgebildet. Diese Stufe dient dem darüber anzuordnenden Kasten als Anschlag, so daß sich aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten Kästen eine abgetreppte Wand oder ein abgetreppter Wall aufbauen läßt. Die Breite der vorderen Stufe ist maßgebend für die Böschungswinkel der Wand. Aus diesem Grunde ist der Einsatz der Kästen beschränkt. Will man Wände mit unterschiedlichem Böschungswinkel herstellen, müßten Kästen mit unterschiedlicher Dimensionierung der vorderen Stufe zur Verfügung gestellt werden (DE-A-2 836 350).In a known prefabricated retaining wall of the type mentioned in the introduction, the front region of the upper edge is designed as a step. This step serves the box to be arranged above as a stop, so that a stepped wall or a stepped wall can be built up from several boxes arranged one above the other. The width of the front step determines the slope angle of the wall. For this reason, the use of the boxes is limited. If you want to produce walls with different slope angles, boxes with different dimensions of the front step would have to be made available (DE-A-2 836 350).

Dieser Nachteil wird bei der Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-3 003 434 dadurch vermieden, daß bei einem einzigen Kastentyp die Anschläge von Steckverbindungselementen gebildetwerden, die verschieden positioniert werden können und/oder die einen exzentrischen Kopf haben, der verschiedene Winkellagen und damit verschieden liegende Anschläge bildend einnehmen kann.This disadvantage is avoided in the prefabricated retaining wall according to the unpublished DE-A-3 003 434 by the fact that, in the case of a single type of box, the stops are formed by connector elements which can be positioned differently and / or which have an eccentric head which has different angular positions and thus can take differently lying stops.

Der Nachteil kann alternativ nach dem DE-U-7 910 266 aber auch dadurch vermieden werden, daß an Stelle der Steckverbindungselemente auf den oberen Rand der Seitenwände U-förmig profilierte Anschläge, wie Reiter, gesteckt werden. Mit einem Schenkel stützt sich ein solcher Anschlag an der Innenseite der Vorderwand des unteren Kastens ab, während der obere Kasten sich mit der Vorderseite an der Rückseite des Schenkels dieses Anschlages abstützt. Über die Länge der Schenkel läßt sich der Neigungswinkel der Stützmauer bestimmen. Von Nachteil bei solchen Stützmauern ist, daß die Krafteinleitung in den unteren Kasten auf dessen Vorderwand ungünstig ist, so daß größere Kräfte nicht ohne Zugbewehrung des Kastens aufgenommen werden können.The disadvantage can alternatively be avoided according to DE-U-7 910 266, however, in that instead of the plug-in connection elements, U-shaped stops, such as riders, are inserted onto the upper edge of the side walls. Such a stop is supported with one leg on the inside of the front wall of the lower box, while the upper box is supported with the front on the back of the leg of this stop. The angle of inclination of the retaining wall can be determined via the length of the legs. The disadvantage of such retaining walls is that the introduction of force into the lower box on its front wall is unfavorable, so that larger forces cannot be absorbed without the box being subjected to tensile reinforcement.

Ferner sind Stützmauern bekannt (DE-B-2 519 232), bei denen die Bauteile nicht schachbrettartig übereinander versetzt, wohl aber zur Bildung eines geneigten Böschungswinkels nach hinten versetzt angeordnet sind. Diese Stützmauer besteht aus Winkelprofilen, die eine Bodenplatte und die Vorderseite bilden, und in diesem Winkelprofil eingesetzten Trennwänden, die gleichzeitig als Lagerböcke für die darüber angeordneten Winkelprofile dienen. Im oberen Rand dieser Trennwände ist eine Stufe ausgebildet, die die auf ihr gelagerten Winkelprofile nach vorne abstützt. Die Trennwände können ferner nach unten gerichtete Vorsprünge tragen, die sich an der Rückseite der Bodenplatte abstützen. Bei solchen Trennwänden besteht, wie bei den Kästen mit aufgesetzten Reitern aus U-Profil, die Gefahr, daß im Bereich der Stufe die nicht armierten Wände unzulässig hoch belastet werden. Darüber hinaus müssen zum Bau von Wänden mit unterschiedlichen Böschungswinkeln unterschiedlich dimensionierte Trennwände zur Verfügung gestellt werden.Retaining walls are also known (DE-B-2 519 232), in which the components are not offset one above the other like a checkerboard, but are arranged offset to the rear to form an inclined slope angle. This retaining wall consists of angle profiles, which form a base plate and the front, and partitions used in this angle profile, which also serve as bearing blocks for the angle profiles arranged above. A step is formed in the upper edge of these partition walls, which supports the angle profiles supported on it to the front. The partitions can also carry downward projections, which are supported on the back of the base plate. With such dividing walls, as with the boxes with mounted runners made of U-profile, there is a risk that the non-reinforced walls in the area of the step will be subjected to an impermissibly high load. In addition, differently dimensioned partitions must be made available for the construction of walls with different slope angles.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Fertigteil-Stützmauer der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die mit einem einzigen Kastentyp für verschiedene Böschungswinkel auskommt und auch für große Belastungen geeignet ist, ohne daß die bei herkömmlichen Betonkästen für eine hohe Lastaufnahme notwendige Bewehrung erforderlich ist.The invention has for its object to provide a prefabricated retaining wall of the type mentioned, which manages with a single type of box for different embankment angles and is also suitable for large loads without the reinforcement necessary for conventional concrete boxes for a high load capacity is required.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in dem überlappenden Bereich zwischen zwei aufeinander gelagerten Kästen ein Z-förmiger Zuganker oder ein I-förmiger Zuganker angeordnet ist, dessen hinterer Schenkel an der Außenseite der Hinterwand des unteren Kastens und an dessen vorderem Schenkel die Außenseite der Vorderwand des oberen Kastens anliegt.This object is achieved in that a Z-shaped tie rod or an I-shaped tie rod is arranged in the overlapping area between two superposed boxes, the rear leg of which on the outside of the rear wall of the lower box and the front leg of the outside of the Front wall of the upper box is in contact.

Mit ein und demselben Kastentyp und Zugankertyp läßt sich eine Mauer mit dem gewünschten Neigungswinkel errichten. Sofern ein Z-Zuganker Verwendung findet, ist ein solcher in jeder Fuge zwischen den übereinander stehenden Kästen anzuordnen. Sofern ein I-Zuganker verwendet wird, der sowohl den benachbarten unteren als auch den benachbarten oberen Kasten gleichzeitig auf der Vorderseite abstützt, braucht nur in jeder zweiten Fuge zwischen übereinander angeordneten Kästen ein solcher Zuganker vorgesehen zu sein. In jedem Fall läßt sich der Neigungswinkel vorgeben. Bei einem Z-Zuganker hängt der Neigungswinkel von der Länge des Zugankers ab. Bei einem I-Zuganker ist es möglich, den Neigungswinkel durch einen Versatz im Bereich der Fuge, wo sich kein Anker befindet, vorzusehen. Da die Kästen durch die sie umgreifenden Schenkel der Zuganker nicht länger auf Zug, sondern nur auf Druck beansprucht werden, kann die Mauer große Lasten aufnehmen, ohne daß die Gefahr besteht, daß der in der Regel aus Beton bestehende Kasten zu Bruch geht. Die bei herkömmlichen Betonkästen für eine hohe Lastaufnahme notwendige Armierung ist bei den für die erfindungsgemäße Stützmauer vorgesehenen Kästen überflüssig. Die Kästen lassen sich aus diesem Grunde auf einfachste Weise maschinell fertigen. Sofern eine zusätzliche Rückverankerung vorgesehen ist, kann die Stützmauer zusätzlich gesichert werden. Dieser Vorzug ist vor allem für hohe und/oder steile Stützmauern von Bedeutung. Die Rückverankerung findet im Erdreich hinter der Mauer ihren Halt oder ist mit einer weiteren Rückverankerung einer gegenüberstehenden Mauer verbunden, so daß die Stützmauern sich gegenseitig halten und dadurch eine stabile, freistehende Wand erhalten wird.With one and the same box type and tie rod type, a wall can be built with the desired angle of inclination. If a Z tie rod is used, it must be arranged in each joint between the boxes above each other. If an I-tie rod is used that supports both the adjacent lower and the adjacent upper box on the front at the same time, such a tie rod need only be provided in every second joint between boxes arranged one above the other. In any case, the angle of inclination can be specified. With a Z tie rod, the angle of inclination depends on the length of the tie rod. With an I tie rod, it is possible to provide the angle of inclination by an offset in the area of the joint, where there is no anchor. Since the boxes are no longer subjected to tension, but only to pressure, through the legs of the tie rods that surround them, the wall can absorb large loads without the risk that the box, which is usually made of concrete, will break. The one with conventional concrete boxes Reinforcement necessary for high load absorption is unnecessary in the boxes provided for the retaining wall according to the invention. For this reason, the boxes can be easily machined. If an additional anchorage is provided, the retaining wall can be additionally secured. This advantage is particularly important for high and / or steep retaining walls. The anchoring is held in the ground behind the wall or is connected to a further anchoring of an opposing wall, so that the retaining walls hold each other and thereby a stable, free-standing wall is obtained.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist zur Aufnahme des Zuggliedes in der Oberseite des zugehörigen, unteren Kastens und/oder der Unterseite des zugehörigen oberen Kastens eine Nute eingelassen. In diesem Fall liegen die Kästen lückenlos aufeinander.According to one embodiment of the invention, a groove is embedded in the top of the associated lower box and / or the underside of the associated upper box to accommodate the tension member. In this case, the boxes lie on top of each other without gaps.

Das Zugglied kann aus Flachmaterial bestehen. Als Schenkel haben sich aufgeschweißte T-Stücke bewährt, weil sie das Biegemoment gut aufnehmen. Da das aus Flachmaterial bestehende Zugglied im Bereich der Schenkel auf dem jeweils unteren Kasten abgestützt ist, besteht nicht die Gefahr, daß es sich verbiegt.The tension member can consist of flat material. Welded-on T-pieces have proven their worth because they absorb the bending moment well. Since the tension member made of flat material is supported in the region of the legs on the lower box in each case, there is no risk that it will bend.

Vorzugsweise trägt das Zugglied auf seiner Ober- und Unterseite jeweils einen Anschlag für die Außenseite der Seitenwand des oberen und unteren Kastens. Ein derartiger Zuganker arretiert die Kästen nicht nur senkrecht zu den Ebenen der Vorder- und Rückwände der Kästen, sondern auch senkrecht zu den Seitenwänden. Mit einem solchen Zuganker läßt sich auf einfache Art und Weise die Mauer ohne Verlegegerät errichten, da nur noch die unterste Reihe genau auf Maß gesetzt werden muß. Für die darüberliegenden Kästen ergibt sich die Position aus den Anschlägen für die Vorder- und Rückseiten sowie für die Seitenwände. Besonders günstig ist es, wenn dieser Anschlag als eine in Längsrichtung des Zugankers verlaufende Rippe ausgebildet ist.Preferably, the tension member carries on its top and bottom a stop for the outside of the side wall of the upper and lower box. Such a tie rod not only locks the boxes perpendicular to the planes of the front and rear walls of the boxes, but also perpendicular to the side walls. With such a tie rod, the wall can be erected in a simple manner without laying equipment, since only the bottom row has to be set exactly to size. For the boxes above, the position results from the stops for the front and rear sides as well as for the side walls. It is particularly favorable if this stop is designed as a rib running in the longitudinal direction of the tie rod.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß das hintere Ende eines Zugankers einen Anschluß für eine Rückverankerung aufweist. Es ist nicht notwendig, daß ein jeder Zuganker eine solche Rückverankerung aufweist. Wie viele der eingebauten Zuganker eine Rückverankerung benötigen, hängt von der Höhe, dem Böschungswinkel und dem abzuböschenden Erdreich ab.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the rear end of a tie rod has a connection for anchoring. It is not necessary for each tie rod to have such anchoring. How many of the built-in tie rods need anchoring depends on the height, the angle of the slope and the soil to be removed.

Weiter kann an Rückverankerungen gespart werden, ohne daß dies zu Lasten der Stabilität der Mauer geht, wenn die hinteren Enden benachbarter Zuganker über einen Querriegel zu einer Baueinheit verbunden sind. Dieser Querriegel kann dann in der Mitte den Anschluß für die Rückverankerung tragen.It is also possible to save on back anchorages without sacrificing the stability of the wall if the rear ends of adjacent tie rods are connected to a structural unit via a cross bar. This cross bar can then carry the connection for the back anchor in the middle.

Die Montage der Rückverankerung wird erleichtert, wenn der Anschluß als Steckkupplungsteil für ein Zugglied ausgebildet ist. Eine besonders zweckmäßige Ausführung besteht in einer oben offenen Schale, in die formschlüssig ein Kopf des Zuggliedes der Rückverankerung einsetzbar ist. Die Rückverankerung selbst kann sich aus mehreren, eine Kette bildenden, gleichartigen Zuggliedern mit Kopf und Schale zusammensetzen.The assembly of the back anchor is made easier if the connection is designed as a plug-in coupling part for a tension member. A particularly expedient embodiment consists of an open-top shell into which a head of the tension member of the rear anchor can be inserted in a form-fitting manner. The back anchoring itself can be composed of several identical tension members with head and shell that form a chain.

An Stelle der erwähnten Ausführung des Zugankers aus Flachmaterial kann der Zuganker auch aus Stahlbeton hergestellt sein. Gerade die oben erläuterte Ausbildung mit Querriegel und Steckkupplung läßt sich in Stahlbeton gut ausführen.Instead of the aforementioned design of the tie rod made of flat material, the tie rod can also be made of reinforced concrete. The above-described training with crossbar and plug-in coupling can be carried out well in reinforced concrete.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine Fertigteil-Stützmauer in Vorderansicht,
  • Fig. die Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß Fig. 1 in Aufsicht,
  • Fig. 3 einen Kasten mit einem Zuganker in perspektivischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 4 zwei übereinander angeordnete Kästen in Seitenansicht,
  • Fig. eine weitere Fertigteil-Stützmauer in Vorderansicht,
  • Fig. 6 die Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß Fig. 5 in Aufsicht,
  • Fig. einen Kasten mit einem Zuganker der Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 8 zwei übereinander angeordnete Kästen der Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß Fig. 5 in Seitenansicht,
  • Fig. 9 eine weitere Fertigteil-Stützmauer in Seitenansicht mit einer Zuggliedkette als Rückverankerung,
  • Fig. 10 die Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß Fig. 9 in Aufsicht,
  • Fig. 11 eine aus zwei Fertigteil-Stützmauern gebildete, freistehende Wand in Seitenansicht,
  • Fig. 12 die Wand gemäß Fig. 11 in Aufsicht.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a drawing representing an exemplary embodiment. In detail shows
  • 1 is a prefabricated retaining wall in front view,
  • 1 the supervision of the prefabricated retaining wall,
  • 3 shows a box with a tie rod in a perspective view,
  • 4 shows two boxes arranged one above the other in a side view,
  • Another precast retaining wall in front view,
  • 6 the finished part retaining wall according to FIG. 5 in supervision,
  • 5 is a perspective view of a box with a tie rod of the prefabricated retaining wall according to FIG. 5,
  • 8 is a side view of two boxes of the prefabricated retaining wall according to FIG. 5 arranged one above the other,
  • 9 a further precast retaining wall in a side view with a tension link chain as anchoring,
  • 10 the precast retaining wall according to FIG. 9 in supervision,
  • 11 is a side view of a free-standing wall formed from two prefabricated retaining walls,
  • Fig. 12 the wall of FIG. 11 in supervision.

Die Fertigteil-Stützmauer besteht aus mehreren, schachbrettartig übereinander und nach hinten leicht versetzt angeordneten, quaderförmigen, bodenlosen Kästen aus Beton, die sich mit ihren vier Wänden aufeinander abstützen. Rückseitig ist eine derartige Stützmauer mit Erdreich verfüllt. Außerdem sind die Kästen 1 mit Erdreich aufgefüllt. Damit die Kästen 1 nach vorne nicht wegrutschen, werden sie von im einzelnen noch zu beschreibenden Anschlägen 2 gehalten.The prefabricated retaining wall consists of several, rectangular, bottomless concrete boxes, one above the other and slightly offset to the rear, which are supported by their four walls. Such a retaining wall is backfilled with soil. In addition, the boxes 1 are filled with soil. So that the boxes 1 do not slide forward, they are held by stops 2 to be described in detail.

In der Oberseite einer jeden Seitenwand 3, 4 eines jeden Kastens 1 ist eine flache Nut 5, 6 eingelassen. Diese Nut 5, 6 dient zur Aufnahme eines Zugankers, der aus einem aus Flachmaterial bestehenden Mittelteil 7 und aus T-Profil bestehenden, aufgeschweißten Schenkeln 8, 9 besteht.In the top of each side wall 3, 4 of each box 1, a flat groove 5, 6 is embedded. This groove 5, 6 serves to receive a tie rod, which consists of a middle part 7 made of flat material and made of T-profile, welded legs 8, 9.

Bei eingesetztem Zuganker 7 bis 9 stützt sich der Schenkel 9 an der Außenseite der Hinterwand 10 ab, während sich der darüber angeordnete Kasten 11 mit der Außenseite seiner Vorderwand 12 an dem als Anschlag dienenden Schenkel 8 abstützt, wie Fig. 4 zeigt. Je nach Abstand der Schenkel 8, 9 ist der obere Kasten 11 mehr oder weniger stark gegenüber dem unteren Kasten 1 nach hinten versetzt. Auf diese Art und Weise lassen sich also Stützmauern mit unterschiedlichem Böschungswinkel aus ein und demselben Kastentyp aufbauen.When the tie rod 7 to 9 is inserted, the leg 9 is supported on the outside of the rear wall 10, while the box 11 arranged above is supported with the outside of its front wall 12 on the leg 8 serving as a stop, as shown in FIG. 4. Depending on the Ab stood the leg 8, 9, the upper box 11 is more or less offset relative to the lower box 1 to the rear. In this way, retaining walls with different slope angles can be built from one and the same box type.

Da der Zuganker mit seinen Schenkeln 8, 9 den oberen und unteren Kasten nur außenseitig umgreift und damit nur auf Druck beansprucht, ist der in der Regel aus Beton bestehende Kasten materialgerecht belastet, so daß er sehr stark belastet werden kann, ohne daß die Gefahr eines Bruches besteht.Since the tie rod with its legs 8, 9 only grips the upper and lower box on the outside and thus only requires pressure, the box, which is usually made of concrete, is loaded appropriately for the material, so that it can be very heavily loaded without the risk of Break exists.

Als Material für den Zuganker eignet sich bei hohen Lasten Stahl. Der Zuganker kann aus verschiedenen Teilen zusammengesetzt sein, er kann aber auch in einem Stück gegossen sein. Sind die aufzunehmenden Lasten nicht so groß, kann statt eines Stahlankers auch ein Kunststoffanker verwendet werden.Steel is suitable for the tie rod at high loads. The tie rod can be composed of different parts, but it can also be cast in one piece. If the loads to be absorbed are not so large, a plastic anchor can also be used instead of a steel anchor.

Die Fertigteil-Stützmauer gemäß den Fig. 5 bis 8 unterscheidet sich von der des Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 1 bis 4 vor allem in der Ausbildung des Z-Zugankers 22. Darüber hinaus brauchen in der Ober- oder Unterseite des Kastens 21, 31 zur seitlichen Festlegung des Z-Zugankers 22 keine Nuten oder sonstigen Ausnehmungen vorgesehen zu sein.The prefabricated retaining wall according to FIGS. 5 to 8 differs from that of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 especially in the design of the Z-tie rod 22. In addition, in the top or bottom of the box 21, 31 need for lateral Determining the Z-tie rod 22 no grooves or other recesses to be provided.

Der Z-Zuganker 22 besteht aus einem flachen Mittelteil 27 und daran einstückig angeschlossenen Schenkeln 28, 29 sowie von den Schenkeln 28, 29 ausgehende, sich an diametral gegenüberliegenden Rändern über die Hälfte des Mittelteils 27 erstreckenden Rippen 25, 26 als Anschläge für die Seitenwände 23, 24 der übereinander anzuordnenden Kästen 21, 31. Die Teile 25 bis 29 sind in Beton gegossen und durch eine Eiseneinlage 33 armiert. Außerdem ist im Zuganker 22 ein Anschlußeisen 34 eingegossen, das aus dem hinteren Schenkel 29 herausragt. Das Anschlußeisen 34 kann an Ort und Stelle mit Beton vergossen werden und an eine Rückverankerung angeschlossen werden. Des besseren Aussehens wegen ist die vordere Stirnseite des Schenkels 28 an den Kanten gefast.The Z-tie rod 22 consists of a flat middle part 27 and legs 28, 29 connected to it in one piece, and ribs 25, 26 extending from the legs 28, 29 and extending at diametrically opposite edges over half of the middle part 27 as stops for the side walls 23 , 24 of the boxes 21, 31 to be arranged one above the other. The parts 25 to 29 are cast in concrete and reinforced by an iron insert 33. In addition, a connecting iron 34 is cast in the tie rod 22, which protrudes from the rear leg 29. The connecting iron 34 can be poured in place with concrete and connected to a back anchor. For the better appearance, the front end face of the leg 28 is chamfered at the edges.

Im verlegten Zustand ist die obere, hintere Kante des unteren Kastens 31 vom Schenkel 29 und von der Rippe 25 und die untere, vordere Ecke des oberen Kastens vom Schenkel 28 und der Rippe 26 umgriffen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Verbindung, die die übereinander angeordneten Kästen sowohl in der Ebene parallel zu den Vorder- und Rückwänden und in der Ebene parallel zu den Seitenwänden fixiert.In the installed state, the upper, rear edge of the lower box 31 is encompassed by the leg 29 and the rib 25 and the lower, front corner of the upper box by the leg 28 and the rib 26. This results in a connection that fixes the boxes arranged one above the other both in the plane parallel to the front and rear walls and in the plane parallel to the side walls.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 9 und 10 unterscheidet sich vom Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 5 bis 8 darin, daß zwei benachbarte Zuganker 35, 36 an ihren hinteren Enden über einen Riegel 37 miteinander verbunden sind und mit diesem eine Baueinheit bilden. Im übrigen stimmt die Form der Zuganker 35, 36 mit derjenigen der Zuganker 22 des vorigen Ausführungsbeispiels überein. In dem Querriegel 37 ist eine nach oben offene Schale 38 eingeformt, in die ein Zugglied 39 einer sich aus gleichartigen Zuggliedern 39, 40, 41 zusammensetzenden Kette als Rückverankerung mit einem Hammerkopf 42 eingreift. Die dem Hammerkopf 42 gegenüberliegenden Enden eines jeden Zuggliedes 39 weisen eine der Schale 38 entsprechend geformte Schale 43, 44 auf, in die die Hammerköpfe 45, 46 der folgenden Zugglieder 40, 41 eingreifen. Wie Fig. 9 zeigt, brauchen solche Zuggliedketten 39, 40,41 nur an einigen wenigen Stellen, nicht aber verteilt über die gesamte Höhe der Stützmauer, vorgesehen zu sein.The exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 8 in that two adjacent tie rods 35, 36 are connected to one another at their rear ends via a bolt 37 and form a structural unit with the latter. Otherwise, the shape of the tie rods 35, 36 corresponds to that of the tie rods 22 of the previous exemplary embodiment. In the cross bar 37, an upwardly open shell 38 is formed, in which a tension member 39 of a chain composed of similar tension members 39, 40, 41 engages as anchoring with a hammer head 42. The ends of each tension member 39 opposite the hammer head 42 have a shell 43, 44 correspondingly shaped to the shell 38, into which the hammer heads 45, 46 of the following tension members 40, 41 engage. As FIG. 9 shows, such tension link chains 39, 40, 41 need only be provided at a few points, but not distributed over the entire height of the retaining wall.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 11 und 12 haben die Zuganker 47 eine gegenüber dem vorigen Ausführungsbeispiel leicht abgewandelte Form, und zwar sind es in diesem Fall keine Z-Zuganker mehr, sondern I-Zuganker. Das bedeutet, daß die übereinander angeordneten Kästen, zwischen denen sich ein solcher Zuganker befindet, sowohl an den Vorderwänden als auch an den Rückwänden abgestützt sind. Sofern solche Zuganker vorgesehen sind, ist es nicht erforderlich, in jeder Trennfuge zwischen übereinander angeordneten Kästen solche Zuganker 47 vorzusehen. Jeder Kasten ist bereits festgelegt, wenn in jeder zweiten Fuge ein solcher Zuganker 47 angeordnet ist.In the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, the tie rods 47 have a slightly modified shape compared to the previous embodiment, and in this case there are no longer Z tie rods, but I tie rods. This means that the boxes arranged one above the other, between which there is such a tie rod, are supported both on the front walls and on the rear walls. If such tie rods are provided, it is not necessary to provide such tie rods 47 in each parting line between boxes arranged one above the other. Each box is already fixed if such a tie rod 47 is arranged in every second joint.

Wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 9 und 10 können die Zuganker 47 rückseitig an Rückverankerungen angeschlossen sein, wie sie in Fig. 10 dargestellt sind. Auch ist es möglich, jeweils zwei Zuganker 47 miteinander über einen Querriegel zu verbinden. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 11 und 12 sind dagegen die Zuganker 47 einstückig an ein Zugglied 48 angeschlossen, an dessen anderem Ende ein Zuganker 49 einer gegenüberliegenden Stützmauer angeschlossen ist. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung mit zwei Stützmauern halten sich die Zuganker 47, 49 über das gemeinsame Zugglied 48 als Rückverankerung selbst, so daß eine stabile, frei stehende Wand erhalten wird.As in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 9 and 10, the tie rods 47 can be connected at the rear to rear anchorages, as shown in FIG. 10. It is also possible to connect two tie rods 47 to one another via a crossbar. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, on the other hand, the tie rods 47 are connected in one piece to a tension member 48, at the other end of which a tie rod 49 of an opposite retaining wall is connected. In this embodiment with two retaining walls, the tie rods 47, 49 hold themselves over the common tension member 48 as anchoring, so that a stable, free-standing wall is obtained.

Claims (15)

1. Retaining wall comprising prefabricated compound units filled with earth for the support of a slope or embankment, consisting of boxes (1, 11, 21, 31) which are chequerboard-like in appearance, stacked one on top of the other, and secured against displacement with respect to each other by means of additional components (2, 22) held in each case on the lower box and acting as a stop for the respective upper box, characterised in that in the overlapping region between two boxes (1, 11, 21, 31) stacked one on top of the other there is a Z-shaped tie rod (2, 22) or an I-shaped tie rod (47), the rear leg of which (9 or 29 respectively) rests against the outside of the rear panel (10) of the bottom box (1, 21) and against the front leg of which (8 or 28 respectively) the outside of the front panel (12) of the upper box (11, 31) rests.
2. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that the legs of the I tie rod surround on the outside both the rear panel and the front panel of the upper and lower boxes.
3. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that, to receive each and every Z tie rod (2), a groove (5, 6) is recessed in the top side of the associated lower box (1) and/or the bottom side of the associated upper box (11).
4. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the tension element (7) of the Z tie rod (2) is made of flat material.
5. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 4, characterised in that the legs (8, 9) are formed from welded-on T pieces.
6. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to one of Claims 1-5, characterised in that the tension element (27) of the Z tie rod (22, 35, 36) bears on its top side and bottom side in each case a stop (25, 26) for the outsides of the side panels (33, 34) of the upper and lower boxes (21,31).
7. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 6, characterised in that each stop (25, 26) is a rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the tie rod (22, 35, 36).
8. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to one of Claims 1-7, characterised in that the rear end of each and every tie rod (2, 22) bears a connection (34, 38) or a back anchorage (39, 40, 41
9. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to one of Claims 1-8, characterised in that the rear ends of neighbouring tie rods (35, 36) are connected to each other via a cross bracket (37) to form a unit.
10. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 9, characterised in that the cross bracket (37) has in the centre a connection (38) for a back anchorage (39,40,41).
11. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 8 or 10, characterised in that the connection (38) is designed as a plug-in coupling piece for a tension element (39) of the back anchorage (39,40,41).
12. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 11, characterised in that the connection (38) is designed as an upward-open shell, into which a head (42) of the tension element (39) of the back anchorage (39, 40, 41) can be positively inserted.
13. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to Claim 12, characterised in that the tension element (39) is designed at its end opposite the head (42) as a connection for a further tension element (4) as an upward-open shell (43), into which a head (45) of the further tension element (40) can be positively inserted.
14. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to one of Claims 1-3, 6-13, characterised in that the tie rod (22, 35, 36, 47, 49) ist made of reinforced concrete.
15. Prefabricated compound unit retaining wall according to one of Claims 9-13, characterised in that the wall is formed by two retaining walls, which are connected to each other via the back anchorage (3).
EP82100020A 1981-01-07 1982-01-05 Prefabricated retaining wall for walls or mounds Expired EP0055987B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82100020T ATE12801T1 (en) 1981-01-07 1982-01-05 PREFABRICATED RETAINING WALL FOR WALLS OR RAILS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3100194 1981-01-07
DE3100194 1981-01-07
DE3118031 1981-05-07
DE3118031A DE3118031C2 (en) 1981-01-07 1981-05-07 Precast retaining wall to support a slope or a wall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0055987A1 EP0055987A1 (en) 1982-07-14
EP0055987B1 true EP0055987B1 (en) 1985-04-17

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EP82100020A Expired EP0055987B1 (en) 1981-01-07 1982-01-05 Prefabricated retaining wall for walls or mounds

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EP (1) EP0055987B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3118031C2 (en)

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FR2661436B1 (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-07-03 Prefaest SELF-SUPPORTING CONSTRUCTION, AND CONNECTING PART FOR SUCH A CONSTRUCTION.
GB2251259B (en) * 1990-12-28 1994-09-21 Knudsen Poul N A retaining wall structure
AU636100B3 (en) * 1991-09-02 1993-04-08 Boral Resources (Qld) Pty Limited Open revetment wall
DE4214078A1 (en) * 1992-04-29 1993-11-04 Linden Betonwerk Gmbh & Co CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR A PLANTABLE SLOPING BLOCK COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT CONSTRUCTION
ES2170674B1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2004-01-01 Sheij Khaled Alturek STRUCTURE FOR LAND CONTAINMENT.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3118031A1 (en) 1982-07-22
EP0055987A1 (en) 1982-07-14
DE3118031C2 (en) 1982-12-09
DE3263046D1 (en) 1985-05-23

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