EP0055319A1 - Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking - Google Patents

Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055319A1
EP0055319A1 EP80401886A EP80401886A EP0055319A1 EP 0055319 A1 EP0055319 A1 EP 0055319A1 EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 0055319 A1 EP0055319 A1 EP 0055319A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
transmitter
light
detector
accessory
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Granted
Application number
EP80401886A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0055319B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Lanore
Bernard Lauwick
Philippe Detriche
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Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
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Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
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Application filed by Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA filed Critical Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Priority to DE8080401886T priority Critical patent/DE3070136D1/en
Priority to AT80401886T priority patent/ATE11706T1/en
Priority to EP80401886A priority patent/EP0055319B1/en
Publication of EP0055319A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055319A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113Constructional details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, and to optical detectors implementing this method.
  • optical diffusion smoke detectors in particular for fire prevention.
  • These optical detectors essentially comprise a sensor, a circuit for processing the signal delivered by the sensor and means for transmitting the processed signal.
  • the sensor ( Figure 1) consists of a transmitter 1, a receiver 2 and a screen 3 preventing the emitted light from coming directly to the receiver.
  • a cover 4 comprising a baffle system 5 whose purpose is to allow the penetration of fumes into the sensor and to avoid any propagation of ambient light towards the interior of the sensor.
  • the cover 4 is internally provided with a mat coating or any geometrical arrangement in order to avoid parasitic reflection towards the receiver, of the light emitted by the transmitter. In the standby state, the receiver of this type of sensor therefore receives no illumination.
  • the main drawback of this type of detector lies in the fact that in the standby state, the receiver receiving no illumination, it is impossible to know whether the transmitter and the receiver will be able to signal an alarm, during 'a fire.
  • the present invention makes it possible to solve this problem by providing a complete and permanent self-checking of the detector, whatever the type of the transmitter (incandescent lamp or light-emitting diode, for example) and whatever the type of the receiver (photodiode or photo-transitor for example).
  • the detector when the detector is faulty, it transmits fault information.
  • the subject of the invention is a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, of the type in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver protected from ambient light and parasitic reflections, characterized in that part of the light emitted by the transmitter is permanently received by the receiver which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke, respectively triggers fault information or alarm information.
  • the invention also relates to an optical detector for the implementation of the above method, characterized in that it comprises an accessory intended to ensure the transmission to the receiver of part of the light emitted by the transmitter.
  • this accessory is a reflector, a diffuser, an optical light guide, a screen, a window, or a secondary receiver.
  • this accessory is the assembly of an auxiliary optical receiver and transmitter.
  • the accessory used is a reflective element 7 whose role is to return some of the light emitted by the transmitter 1 to the receiver 2.
  • the receiver receives a weak illumination leading for the detector to a standby state corresponding to the line v of the medium in FIG. 4.
  • the suspended particles 6 scatter the light from the emitter 1 in all directions. An additional illumination linked to the diffusion by the particles 6 is then added to the illumination due to the reflector 7, which leads to the corresponding alarm state line a of FIG. 4.
  • the signal delivered by the sensor is modified by reduction or suppression leading for the detector to a fault state, line d of FIG. 4 .
  • the method used here to perform the self-check is valid regardless of the type of transmitter and regardless of the type of receiver.
  • the element 7 used as a reflector can be of different shape: mirror, calibrated wire or other.
  • the light emitter is a light-emitting diode 1 and the receiver is a phototransistor 2 mounted in a bridge with a resistor 10.
  • Two potentiometers 11 and 12 are also mounted in bridge, their sockets supplying one of the inputs two comparators 13 and 14. The adjustment of potentiometers 11 and 12 makes it possible to adjust the alarm and fault thresholds, respectively.
  • the midpoint of the J have, between the transistor 2 and the resistor 10, is connected to the other input of each of the two comparators 13 and 14.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.
  • the signal from the transmitter 1 is pulsed by means of an oscillator 15.
  • the receiver 2 is tuned to the transmitter 1 through an electronic gate 16 which supplies a shaping circuit 17.
  • the formatted signal is then analyzed by means of two comparators 13 and 14, the other input of which is supplied by means of potentiometers 11 and 12 respectively.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.
  • a component 8 is used, the aim of which is to direct part of the light emitted by the emitter 1 towards the receiver 2.
  • the receiver Under normal ambient conditions, the receiver receives a basic illumination leading the detector 2 to a standby state (v, figure 4). In the presence of smoke, the basic lighting is superimposed on the light scattered by the smoke particles. Receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal (a, figure 4).
  • the method used here to carry out the self-check is valid whatever the type of transmitter and whatever the type of receiver. She is also independent of the type of treatment used, it remains valid regardless of the nature of the light emitted, continuous signal or pulsed signal of any shape.
  • the element used to direct the light can be of various types: light guide, optical fiber or others.
  • a receiver is used with a large sensitive surface, part of which directly receives the illumination from the transmitter through a window 9 of the screen 3.
  • This window can be arranged on the edge of the screen.
  • two receivers are used, one 2a being protected from the light emitted by the transmitter 1, the other 2b being subjected to all or part, directly or indirectly of the illumination due to the transmitter 1.
  • the combination of the two receivers is considered to be a single element for signal processing.
  • the receiver 2a In the presence of smoke, the receiver 2a being subjected to an illumination, its characteristics change, the receiver 2b remaining in a state close to its initial state.
  • the reception assembly 2 therefore evolves towards a new equilibrium leading the detector to an alarm state.
  • a transmitter 1 with a wide aperture angle A is used, and a receiver 2 whose field of vision is defined by a wide angle B.
  • the screen 3 is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver, so that the receiver does not directly receive an illumination from the transmitter.
  • the screen 3 must not completely block the opening angles A and B.
  • the edge of the screen 3 diffuses the light emitted by the transmitter, so that the receiver receives a diffused illumination which places it in the standby state (v, FIG. 4).
  • the illumination received by the receiver is higher than the previous one and the receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal a.
  • the fault signal is sent.
  • two transmitters 1a and 1b and two receivers 2a and 2b are used, associated in pairs, 1a-2a and 1b-2b respectively.
  • the emitters la, lb emit light at different frequencies, fa and fb respectively.
  • Each transmitter 1a, 1b directly illuminates its associated receiver 2a, 2b respectively. This situation corresponds to the standby state. If either of the transmitters or receivers breaks down, or if a receiver no longer receives light, the fault signal appears.
  • the presence of smoke in the sensor means that by diffusion, part of the light of frequency fa emitted by the transmitter la is received by the receiver 2b, and the alarm signal is emitted.
  • the symbolic diagram in FIG. 13 shows a typical application of the electronic signal processing of this self-checking device.
  • the receiver 2a is followed by a bandpass filter 18 of central frequency fa, which supplies an input to a comparator 19, the other input 20 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the receiver 2b is followed by a filter 21 of central frequency fb supplying an input of a comparator 22, the other input 23 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the outputs of the two comparators 19 and 22 are connected to an OR gate 24 delivering the fault signal in the event of one of the comparators switching over due to non-transmission by one of the receivers 2a and 2b of a frequency signal fa and fb respectively.
  • the output of the receiver 2b is connected to a filter 25 whose central frequency is fa.
  • the output of the filter 25 supplies an input to a comparator 26, the other input 27 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the comparator 2b switches over and delivers at its output an alarm signal a.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the self-checking of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector, by self-checking of the transmitter and of the receiver, as well as of the path optic between transmitter and receiver in most cases.

Abstract

1. Self-monitoring diffusion optical smoke detector of the type comprising a light-emitter device (1) and a light-receiver device (2) in a chamber open to smoke, the light-receiver device constantly receiving during surveillance part of the light emitted by the emitter device (1) so as to ensure the self-monitoring of the detector, characterised in that the emitter device (1) comprises an emitter with a wide angle of aperture (A), the receiver device (2) comprises a receiver with a wide angle of aperture (B) and the emitter and the receiver are disposed opposite each other, a screen (3) being disposed between them, which does not completely obturate the angles of aperture (A and B), such that, in the state of surveillance, the edge of the screen (3) ensures diffusion towards the receiver (2) of part of the light emitted by the emitter (1).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé d'autocontrôle pour détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, et des détecteurs optiques mettant en oeuvre ce procédés.The invention relates to a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, and to optical detectors implementing this method.

Il est connu d'utiliser des détecteurs optiques de fumée à diffusion, en particulier pour la prévention des incendies. Ces détecteurs optiques comportent essentiellement un capteur, un circuit de traitement du signal délivré par le capteur et des moyens de transmission du signal traité. Le capteur (figure 1) se compose d'un émetteur 1, d'un récepteur 2 et d'un écran 3 évitant que la lumière émise n'arrive directement sur le récepteur. Ces trois éléments sont mis dans un capot 4 comportant un système de chicanes 5 dont le but est de permettre la pénétration des fumées dans le capteur et d'éviter toute propagation de la lumière ambiante vers l'intérieur du capteur. En outre, le capot 4 est muni intérieurement d'un revêtement mat ou de toute disposition géométrique afin d'éviter une réflexion parasite vers le récepteur, de la lumière émise par l'émetteur. A l'état de veille, le récepteur de ce type de capteur ne reçoit donc aucun éclairement.It is known to use optical diffusion smoke detectors, in particular for fire prevention. These optical detectors essentially comprise a sensor, a circuit for processing the signal delivered by the sensor and means for transmitting the processed signal. The sensor (Figure 1) consists of a transmitter 1, a receiver 2 and a screen 3 preventing the emitted light from coming directly to the receiver. These three elements are placed in a cover 4 comprising a baffle system 5 whose purpose is to allow the penetration of fumes into the sensor and to avoid any propagation of ambient light towards the interior of the sensor. In addition, the cover 4 is internally provided with a mat coating or any geometrical arrangement in order to avoid parasitic reflection towards the receiver, of the light emitted by the transmitter. In the standby state, the receiver of this type of sensor therefore receives no illumination.

En cas de feu (figure 2), les fumées pénètrent à l'intérieur du capot par l'intermédiaire des chicanes 5. Les particules 6 vont se trouver sur le trajet de la lumière émise par l'émetteur et vont diffuser cette lumière dans toutes les directions. Le récepteur 2 va donc être activé par cet éclairement, un circuit de traitement classique permettant alors de signaler l'alarme.In the event of a fire (Figure 2), the fumes penetrate inside the hood via the baffles 5. The particles 6 will be on the path of the light emitted by the emitter and will diffuse this light in all directions. The receiver 2 will therefore be activated by this illumination, a conventional processing circuit then making it possible to signal the alarm.

Le principal inconvénient de ce type de détecteur réside dans le fait qu'à l'état de veille, le récepteur ne recevant aucun éclairement, il est impossible de savoir si l'émetteur et le récepteur seront en état de signaler une alarme, lors d'un feu.The main drawback of this type of detector lies in the fact that in the standby state, the receiver receiving no illumination, it is impossible to know whether the transmitter and the receiver will be able to signal an alarm, during 'a fire.

La présente invention permet de résoudre ce problème en prévoyant un autocontrôle complet et permanent du détecteur, quel que soit le type de l'émetteur (lampe à incandescence ou diode électro-luminescente, par exemple) et quel que soit le type du récepteur (photodiode ou photo- transitor par exemple). Selon un but de l'invention, lorsque le détecteur est en panne, il transmet une information de dérangement.The present invention makes it possible to solve this problem by providing a complete and permanent self-checking of the detector, whatever the type of the transmitter (incandescent lamp or light-emitting diode, for example) and whatever the type of the receiver (photodiode or photo-transitor for example). According to an object of the invention, when the detector is faulty, it transmits fault information.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé d'autocontrôle pour détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, du type dans lequel un capteur accessible aux fumées comporte un émetteur de lumière et un récepteur de lumière protégé de l'éclairement ambiant et des réflexions parasites, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur est en permanence reçue par le récepteur qui délivre un signal correspondant à l'état de veille, de sorte que la variation du signal de veille, en raison d'une panne ou d'une fumée, déclenche respectivement une information de dérangement ou une information d'alarme.The subject of the invention is a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, of the type in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver protected from ambient light and parasitic reflections, characterized in that part of the light emitted by the transmitter is permanently received by the receiver which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke, respectively triggers fault information or alarm information.

L'invention a également pour objet un détecteur optique pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un accessoire destiné à assurer la transmission au récepteur d'une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur.The invention also relates to an optical detector for the implementation of the above method, characterized in that it comprises an accessory intended to ensure the transmission to the receiver of part of the light emitted by the transmitter.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention, cet accessoire est un réflecteur, un diffuseur, un guide optique de lumière, un écran, une fenêtre, ou un récepteur secondaire.According to other characteristics of the invention, this accessory is a reflector, a diffuser, an optical light guide, a screen, a window, or a secondary receiver.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, cet accessoire est l'ensemble d'un récepteur et d'un émetteur optique auxiliaires.According to another characteristic of the invention, this accessory is the assembly of an auxiliary optical receiver and transmitter.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent de la description qui suit faite avec référence au dessin annexé sur lequel on peut voir:

  • Figure 1, une vue schématique en coupe du capteur d'un détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion de type connu, à l'état de veille;
  • Figure 2, une vue du capteur de la figure 1 à l'état d'alarme;
  • Figure 3, une vue d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un capteur de détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion selon l'invention, à réflecteur;
  • Figure 4, une représentation des différents signaux susceptibles d'être délivrés par un capteur selon l'invention;
  • Figure 5, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 3, dans le cas d'un signal lumineux continu;
  • Figure 6, un schéma symbolique simplifié d'une variante de réalisation du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 3 dans le cas d'un signal lumineux pulsé;
  • Figure 7, une vue d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à guide optique;
  • Figure 8, une vue d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à fenêtre;
  • Figure 9, une vue d'un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à récepteur secondaire;
  • Figure 10, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 9;
  • Figure 11, une vue d'un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention à écran central;
  • Figure 12, une vue d'un sixième mode de réalisation d'un capteur selon l'invention, à ensemble récepteur-émetteur auxiliaire;
  • Figure 13, un schéma symbolique simplifié du circuit électronique correspondant au capteur de la figure 12.
Other characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which we can see:
  • Figure 1, a schematic sectional view of the sensor of a detector smoke optic with known type of diffusion, in the standby state;
  • Figure 2, a view of the sensor of Figure 1 in the alarm state;
  • Figure 3, a view of a first embodiment of an optical diffusion smoke detector sensor according to the invention, with reflector;
  • Figure 4, a representation of the various signals capable of being delivered by a sensor according to the invention;
  • Figure 5, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 3, in the case of a continuous light signal;
  • Figure 6, a simplified symbolic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 3 in the case of a pulsed light signal;
  • Figure 7, a view of a second embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an optical guide;
  • Figure 8, a view of a third embodiment of a window sensor according to the invention;
  • Figure 9, a view of a fourth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with secondary receiver;
  • Figure 10, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11, a view of a fifth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with central screen;
  • Figure 12, a view of a sixth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, with auxiliary receiver-transmitter assembly;
  • Figure 13, a simplified symbolic diagram of the electronic circuit corresponding to the sensor of Figure 12.

En se reportant à la figure 3, on voit que l'accessoire utilisé est un élément réflecteur 7 dont le rôle est de renvoyer une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1 vers le récepteur 2. Dans ces conditions, en l'absence de fumée, le récepteur reçoit un faible éclairement conduisant pour le détecteur à un état de veille correspondant à la ligne v du milieu sur la figure 4.Referring to Figure 3, we see that the accessory used is a reflective element 7 whose role is to return some of the light emitted by the transmitter 1 to the receiver 2. Under these conditions, in the absence smoke, the receiver receives a weak illumination leading for the detector to a standby state corresponding to the line v of the medium in FIG. 4.

En présence de fumée, les particules en suspension 6 diffusent la lumière provenant de l'émetteur 1 dans toutes les directions. Un éclairement supplémentaire lié à la diffusion par les particules 6 vient alors s'ajouter à l'éclairement dû au réflecteur 7, ce qui conduit à l'état d'alarme correspondant la ligne a de la figure 4.In the presence of smoke, the suspended particles 6 scatter the light from the emitter 1 in all directions. An additional illumination linked to the diffusion by the particles 6 is then added to the illumination due to the reflector 7, which leads to the corresponding alarm state line a of FIG. 4.

Si l'émetteur 1 ou le récepteur 2 est défaillant, ou si le chemin optique entre eux est obturé, le signal délivré par le capteur est modifié par diminution ou suppression conduisant pour le détecteur à un état de dérangement, ligne d de la figure 4.If the transmitter 1 or the receiver 2 is faulty, or if the optical path between them is blocked, the signal delivered by the sensor is modified by reduction or suppression leading for the detector to a fault state, line d of FIG. 4 .

Dans ce cas on assure l'autocontrôle de tous les éléments du capteur: émetteur, récepteur et chemin optique entre l'émetteur 1 et le récepteur 2. La perte du capot conduisant à une saturation du récepteur se traduit par un état d'alarme.In this case, all the elements of the sensor are self-controlled: transmitter, receiver and optical path between transmitter 1 and receiver 2. The loss of the cover leading to saturation of the receiver results in an alarm state.

La méthode utilisée ici pour réaliser l'autocontrôle est valable quel que soit le type d'émetteur et quel que soit le type de récepteur.The method used here to perform the self-check is valid regardless of the type of transmitter and regardless of the type of receiver.

L'élément 7 utilisé comme réflecteur peut être de différente forme: miroir, fil calibré ou autre.The element 7 used as a reflector can be of different shape: mirror, calibrated wire or other.

Le procédé s'applique indépendamment du type de traitement de signaux utilisé et quelle que soit la nature de la lumière émise: signal continu (figure 5) ou signal pulsé (figure 6).The method applies regardless of the type of signal processing used and whatever the nature of the light emitted: continuous signal (Figure 5) or pulsed signal (Figure 6).

Sur la figure 5, l'émetteur de lumière est une diode électroluminescente 1 et le récepteur est un phototransistor 2 monté dans un pont avec une résistance 10. Deux potentiomètres 11 et 12 sont également montés en pont, leurs prises alimentant l'une des entrées de deux comparateurs 13 et 14. Le réglage des potentiomètres 11 et 12 permet d'ajuster les seuils d'alarme et de dérangement, respectivement. Le point milieu du Jont, entre le transistor 2 et la résistance 10, est relié à l'autre entrée de chacun des deux comparateurs 13 et 14. Le basculement des comparateurs 13 et 14 délivre respectivement le signal d'alarme a et de dérangement d.In FIG. 5, the light emitter is a light-emitting diode 1 and the receiver is a phototransistor 2 mounted in a bridge with a resistor 10. Two potentiometers 11 and 12 are also mounted in bridge, their sockets supplying one of the inputs two comparators 13 and 14. The adjustment of potentiometers 11 and 12 makes it possible to adjust the alarm and fault thresholds, respectively. The midpoint of the J have, between the transistor 2 and the resistor 10, is connected to the other input of each of the two comparators 13 and 14. The switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.

Sur le circuit de la figure 6, le signal issu de l'émetteur 1 est pulsé au moyen d'un oscillateur 15. Le récepteur 2 est accordé à l'émetteur 1 grâce à une porte électronique 16 qui alimente un circuit de mise en forme 17. Le signal mis en forme est ensuite analysé au moyen de deux comparateurs 13 et 14 dont l'autre entrée est alimentéeau moyen des potentiomètres 11 et 12 respectivement. Le basculement des comparateurs 13 et 14 délivre respectivement le signal d'alarme a et de dérangement d.On the circuit of Figure 6, the signal from the transmitter 1 is pulsed by means of an oscillator 15. The receiver 2 is tuned to the transmitter 1 through an electronic gate 16 which supplies a shaping circuit 17. The formatted signal is then analyzed by means of two comparators 13 and 14, the other input of which is supplied by means of potentiometers 11 and 12 respectively. The switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.

Dans la variante d'autocontrôle de la figure 7, on utilise un composant 8 dont le but est de diriger une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1 vers le récepteur 2.In the self-checking variant of FIG. 7, a component 8 is used, the aim of which is to direct part of the light emitted by the emitter 1 towards the receiver 2.

Le principe d'autocontrôle est identique à celui du cas précédent.The principle of self-checking is identical to that of the previous case.

Dans des conditions ambiantes normales, le récepteur reçoit un éclairement de base conduisant le détecteur 2 à un état de veille (v, figure 4). En présence de fumée, à l'éclairement de base se superpose un éclairement lié à la lumière diffusée par les particules de la fumée. Le récepteur 2 délivre alors un signal d'alarme (a, figure 4).Under normal ambient conditions, the receiver receives a basic illumination leading the detector 2 to a standby state (v, figure 4). In the presence of smoke, the basic lighting is superimposed on the light scattered by the smoke particles. Receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal (a, figure 4).

Si l'émetteur ou le récepteur est défaillant, on a une modification du signal délivré par le capteur: soit une diminution, soit sa disparition, ce qui se traduit pour le détecteur par un état de dérangement (d, figure 4). Dans ce cas, on réalise un autocontrôle de l'émetteur, du récepteur et du guide de lumière.If the transmitter or the receiver is faulty, there is a modification of the signal delivered by the sensor: either a reduction, or its disappearance, which results for the detector by a fault state (d, figure 4). In this case, a self-check of the emitter, the receiver and the light guide is carried out.

La perte du capot 4 conduit à une saturation du capteur entraînant un état d'alarme.The loss of cover 4 leads to saturation of the sensor resulting in an alarm state.

La méthode utilisée ici pour réaliser l'autocontrôle est valable quel que soit le type d'émetteur et quel que soit le type de récepteur. Elle est également indépendante du type de traitement utilisé, elle reste valable quelle que soit la nature de la lumière émise, signal continu ou signal pulsé de forme quelconque.The method used here to carry out the self-check is valid whatever the type of transmitter and whatever the type of receiver. She is also independent of the type of treatment used, it remains valid regardless of the nature of the light emitted, continuous signal or pulsed signal of any shape.

L'élément utilisé pour diriger la lumière peut être de types divers: guide lumière, fibre optique ou autres.The element used to direct the light can be of various types: light guide, optical fiber or others.

Dans le cas de la figure 8, on utilise un récepteur à grande surface sensible, dont une partie reçoit directement l'éclairement de l'émetteur par une fenêtre 9 de l'écran 3. Cette fenêtre peut être ménagée sur le bord de l'écran.In the case of FIG. 8, a receiver is used with a large sensitive surface, part of which directly receives the illumination from the transmitter through a window 9 of the screen 3. This window can be arranged on the edge of the screen.

Le fonctionnement du capteur est le même que dans les cas précédents. On réalise un autocontrôle de tous les éléments du capteur: émetteur, récepteur, et chemin optique direct entre émetteur et récepteur.The operation of the sensor is the same as in the previous cases. We carry out a self-check of all the elements of the sensor: transmitter, receiver, and direct optical path between transmitter and receiver.

Dans le cas de la figure 9, on utilise deux récepteurs, l'un 2a étant protégé de la lumière émise par l'émetteur 1, l'autre 2b étant soumis à tout ou partie, directement ou indirectement de l'éclairement dû à l'émetteur 1.In the case of FIG. 9, two receivers are used, one 2a being protected from the light emitted by the transmitter 1, the other 2b being subjected to all or part, directly or indirectly of the illumination due to the transmitter 1.

L'ensemble des deux récepteurs est considéré comme un élément unique pour le traitement du signal.The combination of the two receivers is considered to be a single element for signal processing.

Dans des conditions ambiantes normales, le système a un certain état d'équilibre, ce qui se traduit pour le détecteur par un état de veille.Under normal ambient conditions, the system has a certain state of equilibrium, which results for the detector in a standby state.

En présence de fumée, le récepteur 2a étant soumis à un éclairement, ses caractéristiques évoluent, le récepteur 2b restant à un état proche de son état initial. L'ensemble de réception 2 évolue donc vers un nouvel équilibre conduisant le détecteur à un état d'alarme.In the presence of smoke, the receiver 2a being subjected to an illumination, its characteristics change, the receiver 2b remaining in a state close to its initial state. The reception assembly 2 therefore evolves towards a new equilibrium leading the detector to an alarm state.

Dans le cas de la figure 11, on utilise un émetteur 1 à grand angle d'ouverture A, et un récepteur 2 dont le champ de vision est défini par un grand angle B. L'écran 3 est disposé entre l'émetteur et le récepteur, de façon que le récepteur ne reçoive pas directement un éclairement en provenance de l'émetteur. L'écran 3 ne doit pas obturer complètement les angles d'ouverture A et B.In the case of FIG. 11, a transmitter 1 with a wide aperture angle A is used, and a receiver 2 whose field of vision is defined by a wide angle B. The screen 3 is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver, so that the receiver does not directly receive an illumination from the transmitter. The screen 3 must not completely block the opening angles A and B.

Le bord de l'écran 3 assure une diffusion de la lumière émise par l'émetteur, de sorte que le récepteur reçoit un éclairement diffusé qui le place à l'état de veille (v, figure 4).The edge of the screen 3 diffuses the light emitted by the transmitter, so that the receiver receives a diffused illumination which places it in the standby state (v, FIG. 4).

En présence de fumée, l'éclairement reçu par le récepteur est supérieur au précédent et le récepteur 2 délivre alors un signal d'alarme a. En cas de défaut de l'émetteur ou du récepteur, ou d'obturation du chemin optique, le signal de dérangement est émis.In the presence of smoke, the illumination received by the receiver is higher than the previous one and the receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal a. In the event of a fault in the transmitter or receiver, or the optical path is blocked, the fault signal is sent.

Dans la variante de réalisation de la figure 12, on utilise deux émetteurs la et lb et deux récepteurs 2a et 2b, associés deux par deux, la-2a et lb-2b respectivement. Les émetteurs la, lb émettent de la lumière à des fréquences différentes, fa et fb respectivement. Chaque émetteur la, lb éclaire directement son récepteur associé 2a, 2b respectivement. Cette situation correspond à l'état de veille. Si l'un ou l'autre des émetteurs ou des récepteurs tombe en panne, ou si un récepteur ne reçoit plus de lumière, le signal de dérangement apparaît.In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 12, two transmitters 1a and 1b and two receivers 2a and 2b are used, associated in pairs, 1a-2a and 1b-2b respectively. The emitters la, lb emit light at different frequencies, fa and fb respectively. Each transmitter 1a, 1b directly illuminates its associated receiver 2a, 2b respectively. This situation corresponds to the standby state. If either of the transmitters or receivers breaks down, or if a receiver no longer receives light, the fault signal appears.

Lors d'un incendie, la présence de fumée dans le capteur fait que par diffusion, une partie de la lumière de fréquence fa émise par l'émetteur la est reçue par le récepteur 2b, et le signal d'alarme est émis.During a fire, the presence of smoke in the sensor means that by diffusion, part of the light of frequency fa emitted by the transmitter la is received by the receiver 2b, and the alarm signal is emitted.

Le schéma symbolique de la figure 13 montre une application typique du traitement électronique des signaux de ce dispositif d'autocontrôle.The symbolic diagram in FIG. 13 shows a typical application of the electronic signal processing of this self-checking device.

Le récepteur 2a est suivi d'un filtre passe-bande 18 de fréquence centrale fa, qui alimente une entrée d'un comparateur 19 dont l'autre entrée 20 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement. De même, le récepteur 2b est suivi d'un filtre 21 de fréquence centrale fb alimentant une entrée d'un comparateur 22 dont l'autre entrée 23 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement.The receiver 2a is followed by a bandpass filter 18 of central frequency fa, which supplies an input to a comparator 19, the other input 20 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold. Likewise, the receiver 2b is followed by a filter 21 of central frequency fb supplying an input of a comparator 22, the other input 23 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.

Les sorties des deux comparateurs 19 et 22 sont reliées à une porte OU 24 délivrant le signal de dérangement en cas de basculement de l'un ou l'autre des comparateurs par suite de la non-transmission par l'un des récepteurs 2a et 2b d'un signal de fréquence fa et fb respectivement.The outputs of the two comparators 19 and 22 are connected to an OR gate 24 delivering the fault signal in the event of one of the comparators switching over due to non-transmission by one of the receivers 2a and 2b of a frequency signal fa and fb respectively.

La sortie du récepteur 2b est reliée à un filtre 25 dont la fréquence centrale est fa. La sortie du filtre 25 alimente une entrée d'un comparateur 26 dont l'autre entrée 27 est alimentée par une tension de référence définissant un seuil de basculement. Lorsque le récepteur 2b reçoit un éclairement de fréquence fa en provenance de l'émetteur la, le comparateur 2b bascule et délivre à sa sortie un signal d'alarme a.The output of the receiver 2b is connected to a filter 25 whose central frequency is fa. The output of the filter 25 supplies an input to a comparator 26, the other input 27 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold. When the receiver 2b receives a frequency illumination fa coming from the transmitter la, the comparator 2b switches over and delivers at its output an alarm signal a.

Ainsi, on peut remarquer que dans l'ensemble, le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'assurer l'autocontrôle du capteur d'un détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, par autocontrôle de l'émetteur et du récepteur,ainsi que du chemin optique entre émetteur et récepteur dans la plupart des cas.Thus, it can be noted that overall, the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the self-checking of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector, by self-checking of the transmitter and of the receiver, as well as of the path optic between transmitter and receiver in most cases.

Claims (8)

1. Procédé d'autocontrôle pour détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion du type dans lequel un capteur accessible aux fumées comporte un émetteur de lumière et un récepteur de lumière protégé de l'éclairement ambiant et des réflexions parasites, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur (1) est en permanence reçue par le récepteur (2) qui délivre un signal correspondant à l'état de veille, de sorte que la variation du signal de veille, en raison d'une panne ou d'une fumée déclenche respectivement une information de dérangement ou une information d'alarme.1. Self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector of the type in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver protected from ambient light and parasitic reflections, characterized in that a part light emitted by the transmitter (1) is permanently received by the receiver (2) which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke triggers fault information or alarm information respectively. 2. Détecteur optique de fumée à diffusion, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un accessoire destiné à assurer la transmission au récepteur (2) d'une partie de la lumière émise par l'émetteur (1).2. Optical diffusion smoke detector, for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an accessory intended to ensure the transmission to the receiver (2) of part of the light emitted by the '' transmitter (1). 3. Détecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est un réflecteur (7).3. Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the accessory is a reflector (7). 4. Détecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est un guide optique de lumière (8).4. Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the accessory is an optical light guide (8). 5. Détecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est une fenêtre (9).5. Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the accessory is a window (9). 6. Détecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est un écran (3) placé dans les angles d'ouverture de l'émetteur (1) et du récepteur (2).6. Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the accessory is a screen (3) placed in the opening angles of the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2). 7. Détecteur seloi la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est constitué par un ensemble récepteur (2a) - émetteur optique (lb), la fréquence de l'émftteur optique (lb) étant différente de celle de l'émetteur (la).7. Detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the accessory consists of a receiver (2a) - optical transmitter (lb) assembly, the frequency of the optical transmitter (lb) being different from that of the transmitter ( the). 8. Détecteur selca la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accessoire est un récepteur (2b).8. Detector selca claim 2, characterized in that the accessory is a receiver (2b).
EP80401886A 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking Expired EP0055319B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8080401886T DE3070136D1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking
AT80401886T ATE11706T1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 LIGHT DIFFUSED SMOKE DETECTOR WITH SELF-MONITORING.
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking

Publications (2)

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EP0055319A1 true EP0055319A1 (en) 1982-07-07
EP0055319B1 EP0055319B1 (en) 1985-02-06

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EP80401886A Expired EP0055319B1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking

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EP (1) EP0055319B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11706T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3070136D1 (en)

Cited By (8)

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EP0462642A1 (en) * 1990-06-21 1991-12-27 Ajax De Boer B.V. Optical smoke, aerosol and dust detector and fire detector apparatus with optical detector
US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
GB2273769A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-06-29 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor for particles
FR2736183A1 (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-03 Automatismes Sicli Optical Detector for Fire Alarms
GB2342987A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-26 David Appleby Improved smoke dectector with fault monitoring capability
DE102013002859A1 (en) 2013-02-20 2014-08-21 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Fire/smoke detecting apparatus installed at ceiling/wall of room, has evaluation device that is provided to evaluate contamination on cover plate based on radiations emitted by radiation emitter and received by radiation receiver
US10825334B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2020-11-03 Autronica Fire & Security As Smoke detector operational integrity verification system and method
CN113519017A (en) * 2019-03-19 2021-10-19 能美防灾株式会社 Smoke detector

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GB341086A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-01-12 Kidde & Co Walter Improvements relating to the detection of foreign matter in fluids
GB936623A (en) * 1959-01-22 1963-09-11 Pyrotector Inc Improvements in or relating to apparatus for detecting small particles in a space
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0462642A1 (en) * 1990-06-21 1991-12-27 Ajax De Boer B.V. Optical smoke, aerosol and dust detector and fire detector apparatus with optical detector
NL9001415A (en) * 1990-06-21 1992-01-16 Ajax De Boer B V OPTICAL SMOKE, AEROSOL AND DUST DETECTOR AND FIRE RELEASE DEVICE WITH OPTICAL DETECTOR.
US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
GB2273769A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-06-29 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor for particles
GB2273769B (en) * 1992-12-15 1996-08-28 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor
FR2736183A1 (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-03 Automatismes Sicli Optical Detector for Fire Alarms
GB2342987A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-26 David Appleby Improved smoke dectector with fault monitoring capability
GB2342987B (en) * 1998-10-20 2003-03-19 David Appleby Improved smoke sensor with a fault monitoring capability
DE102013002859A1 (en) 2013-02-20 2014-08-21 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Fire/smoke detecting apparatus installed at ceiling/wall of room, has evaluation device that is provided to evaluate contamination on cover plate based on radiations emitted by radiation emitter and received by radiation receiver
DE102013002859B4 (en) 2013-02-20 2018-08-23 Detectomat Gmbh Device for detecting smoke in a room and method for checking the functionality of such a device
US10825334B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2020-11-03 Autronica Fire & Security As Smoke detector operational integrity verification system and method
CN113519017A (en) * 2019-03-19 2021-10-19 能美防灾株式会社 Smoke detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE11706T1 (en) 1985-02-15
DE3070136D1 (en) 1985-03-21
EP0055319B1 (en) 1985-02-06

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