EP0052676A2 - Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052676A2
EP0052676A2 EP80304167A EP80304167A EP0052676A2 EP 0052676 A2 EP0052676 A2 EP 0052676A2 EP 80304167 A EP80304167 A EP 80304167A EP 80304167 A EP80304167 A EP 80304167A EP 0052676 A2 EP0052676 A2 EP 0052676A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
turret
cross slides
special purpose
main driving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80304167A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0052676A3 (de
Inventor
Robert Dewey Lambert
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP80304167A priority Critical patent/EP0052676A3/de
Publication of EP0052676A2 publication Critical patent/EP0052676A2/de
Publication of EP0052676A3 publication Critical patent/EP0052676A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50168—Retrofitting

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the art of automatic screw machine, and more specifically concerns a retrofit apparatus which converts existing conventional single spindle automatic screw machines to numerically controlled machines.
  • One of the operational functions of the automatically controlled machine is the movement of the machine tool relative to the work piece, which is generally accomplished by longitudinal movement of a turret and lateral movement of two or more cross slides.
  • At least two cross slides are usually provided on a conventional screw.machine.
  • the two basic cross slides move laterally relative to the machine, and in the. same horizontal plane as the movement of the turret.
  • Additional cross slides may also be present, which slides are in the same vertical plane as the basic cross slides but are positioned at specified angles relative to the basic cross slides.
  • trip drum/cam/camshaft arrangement as a timing device has significant limitations, however, both in the time required to turn one article, and the time and expense required to produce the'cams.
  • a set of cams made for one job can be used on other jobs, although any change in machine speed or feedrate in any part of the sequence will result in slowing down the entire job.
  • the alternative is to make a complete new set of cams specifically designed for the job.
  • Valuable time is also lost in the manufacturing sequence itself with the cams, as the tools shift position in the operation sequence.
  • the tools chatter if the changes made in the sequence are too abrupt when a cam controls the timing.
  • a certain amount of time in the manufacture of each article is lost because custom made cams are used as the timing control.
  • each new article to be manufactured, or "job” usually requires several new cams. The manufacture of these cams require significant time and expense. If cams from another job can be used, they are usually not optimum, thus causing a further waste in time.
  • a conventional automatic screw machine includes a plurality of mechanical timing means which operate through engaging means, such as clutches and gears, to connect a main driving means to various operating mechanisms of the machine. These mechanisms control the individual functions of the_machine, e.g: the spindle speed, the indexing of the turret and the feeding of stock through the spindle. Also, the movement of the turret slide, towards and away from the work piece, and the movement of the cross slides, which contain the machine tools, are controlled through cam means, usually including a cam and a camshaft, which are driven by driveshaft means which in turn is driven by the main driving means.
  • cam means usually including a cam and a camshaft, which are driven by driveshaft means which in turn is driven by the main driving means.
  • the mechanical timing means in the conventional screw machine are replaced with means for actuating the engaging means in response to an electrical signal; the turret slide and the cross slides are disconnected from the main driving means; and individually electrically actuatable drive means are connected so as to drive the cross slides independent of the main driving means and in response to an electrical signal.
  • the apparatus of the present invention includes (1) means actuatable by an electrical signal for activating the engaging means for the various operating mechanisms at desired points in the operational sequence of the machine; and (2) means actuatable by an electrical signal for driving, independent of the main driving means, the mechanical means which controls movement of the turret slide and the cross slides.
  • At least three of the primary operational functions of an automatic screw machine are accomplished by mechanisms which are engaged through clutches and gears from a driveshaft which is powered by one or more motors in the base of the machine. These mechanisms are conventional and can be found in any automatic screw machine.
  • the three mechanisms include one for indexing, i.e. revolving the turret, one for feeding the stock into position in the spindle for manufacturing, and one for controlling the spindle speed.
  • the air cylinder 19 is a conventional apparatus available as an off-the-shelf item from various manufacturers. Typically, it comprises an air-tight metal cylinder 21, in which is positioned a piston 22, with a piston rod portion 23 extending upwards through the upper end 25 of the air cylinder. A piston head portion 26 engages the interior sides of the metal cylinder 15 in an air sealing relationship. An opening 27 is provided near the upper end 25 of the cylinder 21, permitting entry of air into the cylinder.
  • the air for air cylinder 19 is supplied by an air solenoid 20 which is a conventional device available from various manufacturers.
  • the air solenoid 20 is activated by electrical signals, supplied through leads, from a computer device. In operation, air is drawn into the body of air solenoid 20 through an entry pipe 42 when the solenoid is activated and then pushed out through pneumatic tube 43 which joins opening 27 in the air cylinder 19.
  • the spindle speed is partially controllable by existing electrical clutches in the base of the machine, usually adjacent the motor.
  • a variety of spindle speeds may be obtained with the combination of the electrical speed clutches and the mechanical clutches operating off of the driveshaft.
  • Figure 3 shows a slightly modified arrangement of the air cylinder and air solenoid combination of Figure 2.
  • the solenoid 50 of Figure 3 is a four way solenoid having two electrical connections 51 and 53. These electrical connections activate the solenoid 50 to provide air through pneumatic lines 55 and 57 to the top and bottom of the air cylinder 59, respectively. This permits positive control of the piston (not shown) in the air cylinder 59 in both directions, depending upon which portion of the solenoid 50-is activated.
  • the piston rod from the air cylinder 59 activates a specially configured brass cam 61 which in turn engages what is known in the art as a deep hole drill engagement arm 62, which is a conventional lever-like device found on conventional automatic screw machines. Contact by the cam 61 with the engagement arm will result in the machine tool held in the arm drilling a deep hole in the
  • the remaining operational functions of the machine concern the movement of the turret relative to the work piece held in the spindle, and the movement of the cross slides relative to the work piece.
  • the turret which may hold a plurality of tools around its periphery, moves in a longitudinal direction relative to the work piece, i.e. in the X axis direction (horizontal plane) when the machine is viewed in elevation, while the cross slides, which also hold machine tools, move laterally relative to the work piece, i.e. in a Y axis direction (vertical plane).
  • cross slides there are at least two cross slides, positioned on either side of the spindle, in approximately the same horizontal plane as the turret.
  • the tools on the cross slides thus move in and out laterally relative to the work piece.
  • Additional cross slides may be provided, however, in the same vertical plane as the horizontal cross slides but remote therefrom by some specified angle.
  • two additional cross slides are provided at approximately 60° angles relative to the horizontal cross slides. In this configuration, the additional cross slides are situated above the horizontal cross slides.
  • the movement of the turret and the cross slides relative to the work piece is controlled by a cam and cam follower arrangement.
  • the cams are located on cam shafts, one cam shaft for the turret and another cam shaft for the cross slides.
  • One cam is provided for the turret and one cam is provided for each cross slide.
  • These two cam shafts then mate with two associated auxiliary driving shafts through conventional worm and ring gear arrangements.
  • the two auxiliary driving shafts are coupled together, so that when one auxiliary shaft is driven from the main driving shaft, both auxiliary shafts move, rotating in turn the two cam shafts on which are mounted the timing cams.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a possible coupling arrangement of two auxiliary driveshafts 65 and 66. Other arrangements are of course possible. In Figure 4, they are coupled together by a conventional serrated gear and sleeve arrangement which is represented generally by the numeral 68 in Figure 4. To one side of the serrated gear and sleeve arrangement is a bevel gear 67 held by a nut 69, while on the other side is a second nut 70.
  • a conventional serrated gear and sleeve arrangement which is represented generally by the numeral 68 in Figure 4.
  • a bevel gear 67 held by a nut 69
  • second nut 70 To one side of the serrated gear and sleeve arrangement is a bevel gear 67 held by a nut 69, while on the other side is a second nut 70.
  • the coupling described above is conventional, other kinds of coupling mechanisms may be used in particular automatic screw machines.
  • the two auxiliary driveshafts may be driven independently from the main shaft.
  • the auxiliary driveshafts e.g. shafts 65 and 66
  • the auxiliary driveshafts are first decoupled from each other (if they need to be decoupled) and then disengaged from the main driving shaft.
  • nuts 69 and 70 are loosened, and bevel gear 67 moves away from the coupling.
  • the decoupling.of these two shafts does not harm their operational capability, as each shaft is still supported by appropriate bearings and bushings.
  • the worm and ring gear coupling between driveshaft 65 and its associated camshaft 71, and between driveshaft 66 and its associated camshaft 72 ( Figure 5) are not disturbed, however.
  • auxiliary driveshafts 65 and 66 After the two auxiliary driveshafts 65 and 66 have - been disconnected, an electrically actuated motor is connected to each shaft, as shown in Figure 5.
  • a DC servo motor or an AC stepping motor 83 is connected at the end of auxiliary driveshaft 65 through a conventional coupling 85.
  • a similar motor 86 is connected to auxiliary driveshaft 66 through a coupling 89.
  • Motors 83 and 86 control the rotation of camshafts 71 and 72, in forward or reverse direction, through driveshafts 65 and 66 and hence the position of the cams, which determines the timing sequence of machine activation.
  • Turret cam 81 positioned on camshaft 72, controls the timing of the movement of the turret.
  • the cross slide cams 73-76 and the turret cam 81 are, in the embodiment shown, universal cams, i.e. cams which can be used from job to job to move the cross slides.
  • a universal cross slide cam is shown in Figure 6, while a universal turret slide cam is shown in Figure 7.
  • These cams are designed specifically to provide a one to one correlation between an amount of desired cross-slide/turret travel selected by the operator and programmed into the numerical control apparatus and the actual amount of cross-slide/turret travel at the machine.
  • the working area of the universal cross-slide cam i.e., the portion of the cam which controls the movement of the cross slides is between lines 90 and 92.
  • the working area of this cam has a 6.000 inch lead (i.e. 0.060 inches per hundreth of cam spacing, or 3.6°).
  • the small curved portion 94 of the cam immediately preceeding line 90 is the approach portion of the cam, while the almost vertical portion 96 following line 92 is the drop- off portion of the cam.
  • the working area of the turret cam is between lines 98 and 100. This working area has a 8.000 inch lead.
  • the portion 102 of the cam preceeding line 98 is the drop off portion of the cam.
  • Other configurations of universal cams can be used, but the cams shown in Figures 6 and 7, and described briefly above, have been found by the inventor to provide the desired operation.
  • the auxiliary driveshafts and the camshafts may be completely disconnected from the cross-slides, and ball screws may be used to drive the cross slides and the turret slide.
  • ball screws which are conventional, would be controlled individually by a separate motor, thus providing completely independent control over the operation of each cross slide and turret slide.
  • the ball screw embodiment would be somewhat more expensive and more complicated to implement than the universal cam embodiment.
  • independent electrical control such as with numerical control signals, is achieved over the movement of the turret, i.e. the X axis cutting plane, and the movement of the cross slides, i.e. the Y axis cutting plane.
  • the electrical signals for the actuation of the devices shown in Figures 2, 3 and 5 ' are provided by a programmable numerical control computer which has been programmed to provide the necessary electrical signals at the correct times to result in a correct sequence of mechanical operations in the manufacture of the article.
  • a programmable numerical control computer which has been programmed to provide the necessary electrical signals at the correct times to result in a correct sequence of mechanical operations in the manufacture of the article.
  • an apparatus marketed under the trademark "Bandit" by the Summit Engineering Corporation is used to provide the necessary electrical signals.
  • This apparatus is currently used for numerical control of milling machines.
  • the apparatus is designed to be programmable by the operator via input controls on the face of the apparatus to provide the necessary electrical signals to the screw machine in proper sequence.
  • a particular programmable numerical control apparatus has been noted above, it should be understood that a number of other similar available devices could be used.
  • the numerical control computer is not considered to be part of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
EP80304167A 1980-11-20 1980-11-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung Withdrawn EP0052676A3 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80304167A EP0052676A3 (de) 1980-11-20 1980-11-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80304167A EP0052676A3 (de) 1980-11-20 1980-11-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung

Publications (2)

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EP0052676A2 true EP0052676A2 (de) 1982-06-02
EP0052676A3 EP0052676A3 (de) 1982-09-15

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EP80304167A Withdrawn EP0052676A3 (de) 1980-11-20 1980-11-20 Verfahren und Gerät zum Umstellen einer konventionellen automatischen Schraubgewindeschneidmaschine auf numerische Steuerung

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Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2814007A (en) * 1950-03-08 1957-11-19 Monarch Machine Tool Co Automatic cycle machine tool
US3972250A (en) * 1975-09-02 1976-08-03 Reynolds William B Single point threading attachment with lead-screw rotational timing means
FR2403145A1 (fr) * 1977-09-14 1979-04-13 Cri Dan Machine a fileter a controle numerique

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EP0052676A3 (de) 1982-09-15

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