EP0052039B1 - Cooling plates for blast furnaces - Google Patents
Cooling plates for blast furnaces Download PDFInfo
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- EP0052039B1 EP0052039B1 EP81401681A EP81401681A EP0052039B1 EP 0052039 B1 EP0052039 B1 EP 0052039B1 EP 81401681 A EP81401681 A EP 81401681A EP 81401681 A EP81401681 A EP 81401681A EP 0052039 B1 EP0052039 B1 EP 0052039B1
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- cast iron
- cooling
- plate according
- tubes
- cooling plate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cooling plates for blast furnaces.
- These cooling plates are elements placed against the internal face of the shielding and fulfill the dual function of vigorous cooling of the refractory and of screen as the heat flow passes through the shielding.
- the cooling plates are made up of cast iron elements traversed in their mass by a network of tubes in which circulates a cooling fluid which is generally water. These cooling tubes open at the top and bottom parts respectively of the cooling plates and pass through the shield, outside of which they are connected to cooling tubes of an adjacent upper or lower plate.
- the tubes thus connected determine the circulation lines of the fluid rising in a substantially vertical plane along the wall of the blast furnace, these lines being connected to an external circuit for circulation and cooling of the fluid.
- the cooling plates should be designed so that they withstand the deformations thermomécani q high flow resulting ues generated in the blast furnace and, further, to ensure good heat exchange with the refractory and ensure hooking effective of the latter.
- the present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing cooling plates having increased operating safety, and better resistance to cracking while having better heat exchange and attachment characteristics of the refractory lining.
- the present invention thus relates to a cooling plate consisting of an element of substantially parallelepiped shape, in which are embedded longitudinal tubes arranged parallel to each other, these tubes opening onto the same main face of the element, respectively to upper and lower parts of the cooling plate, characterized in that the face opposite the main face is embossed and has longitudinal and transverse grooves which intersect at right angles, and in that the element is made of cast iron.
- the transverse grooves of the embossed face include silicon carbide inserts.
- the cooling plate 1 arranged vertically, is placed between the shield 2 of the blast furnace and the refractory lining 3.
- the cooling plate 1 is pressed against the internal wall of the shield by bosses 4 projecting from the main face 5 planes opposite the shielding.
- the cooling plate is traversed by longitudinal tubes 6 for circulation of the cooling fluid arranged parallel to each other and extending along a longitudinal axis disposed vertically.
- the tubes 6 open from the plate 1 to the upper and lower parts, respectively, in furnaces 7 and 8 which are embedded in the mass of cast iron of the cooling plate.
- the part of the cooling tubes leaving the plates and their sheaths are arranged in such a way that they are strictly horizontal, that is to say that they are slightly inclined relative to the perpendicular to the surface of the shield at the point of crossing of the latter.
- the face 9 of the cooling plate opposite to the face 5, which is the face on which the cooling tubes open, has an embossed shape.
- This embossed shape is obtained by the intersection at right angles to longitudinal 10 and transverse grooves 11, the longitudinal grooves 10 being parallel to the tubes 6.
- the grooves can have a square, rectangular or trapezoidal cross section.
- the longitudinal grooves 10 have a trapezoidal section whose flared portion is directed towards the outside of the plate, while the transverse grooves 11 have a trapezoidal section arranged in dovetail.
- inserts 12 of corresponding trapezoidal section which project from the embossed face 9 of the cooling plate.
- inserts are made of silicon carbide and placed in situ during the casting of the cast iron from the cooling plate. This characteristic of casting the cast iron around the bricks of special silicon carbide, allows an intimate contact, ensured by a chemical bond, between the silicon carbide and the cast iron, which guarantees an excellent coefficient of heat transfer between the two materials.
- transverse grooves On the cooling plate shown in Figure 1, all the transverse grooves have inserts in silicon carbide, but it is possible to space these inserts every two or three grooves and even to have none.
- the transverse grooves without an insert can have a trapezoidal cross section whose flared part is directed towards the outside of the plate.
- the embossing of the face 9 opposite the refractory lining makes it possible, first of all, to increase the interface between the refractory lining and the cast iron and, therefore, to promote heat exchange. It also performs a mechanical anchoring function of the refractory inside the blast furnace.
- the silicon carbide inserts play a role in improving the bond between the cast iron and the refractory lining. Furthermore, in the case of a disappearance of the refractory lining during the operation of the blast furnace, these elements promote self-filling and provide abrasion resistance.
- FIG. 2 In Figure 2 is shown in section a cooling plate of the curb type.
- the cooling plate as in the general case of FIG. 1, is disposed against the internal face of the shield 2.
- Longitudinal cooling tubes 6 are embedded in the mass of cast iron of the cooling plate and exit at the top and bottom parts in protective sleeves 7 and 8 which pass through the shield 2.
- packing masses intended to ensure a solution of continuity of the refractory lining system , cooling plate and shield are arranged between side 5 of the cooling plate and the shield. The cooling plate is held in close contact against the shielding by means external to the latter, not shown.
- a coping 13 projecting from the embossed face 9 of the cooling plate comprises, embedded in its mass, a transverse tube 14 for circulation of the cooling fluid, which opens on the face 5 opposite the shielding, through protective sleeves 15 , embedded in the metallic mass of the cooling plate and passing through the shield 2.
- transverse tube is arranged such that it passes between the longitudinal tubes 6 for circulation of the cooling fluid.
- the transverse tubes 14 are connected outside the blast furnace to other similar tubes cooling copings of other upper or lower cooling plates.
- the circuit of the transverse cooling tubes is likewise connected to an external circuit for circulation and cooling of the fluid.
- the coping may include a cooling tube, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, but one can also have several, depending on the size of the coping.
- This coping can be arranged at a part slightly lower at the upper edge of the cooling plate, or at a more median part, or constitute the upper edge of the cooling plate.
- the copings are arranged at a lower part at the upper edge of the cooling surface or more median, whereas for the last row located in the tank area, the coping forms the upper edge of the cooling plates.
- the coping may also include CSi inserts in at least one groove made for this purpose, the inserts protruding from the grooves.
- the copings 13 have an upper face 16 substantially perpendicular to the embossed face 9 so that it is substantially horizontal when the cooling plate is positioned in the blast furnace.
- the cooling plates include a number of longitudinal cooling tubes 6 which can vary from 3 to 5.
- the density of the internal cooling tubes is varied as a function of the heat fluxes emitted in the blast furnace and it is obvious that the more this heat flow is intense, the more the distance between the tubes must be reduced.
- the cooling plates at the level of the belly there are tubes at a center distance of 195 to 210 mm, while in the less stressed areas of the tank, this center distance is increased to 270-320 mm.
- the dimensions of the plates are also a function of the heat flux emitted in the various zones of the blast furnace. So in the areas of intense thermal stress, where the density of the internal tubes is high, that is to say their center distance is small, there are cooling plates of smaller dimensions comprising the same number of tubes as in the zones stressed by a less heat flow intense.
- the cooling plates are made of cast iron which must have, in addition to the qualities inherent in this material, characteristics specific to its particular use.
- Fonts of types (a) and (b) present the following analysis in percentage by weight.
- Fonts of types (a) and (b) differ only in their crystallographic structure.
- Cast iron of type (b) is of controlled lamellar graphite of rounded type A predominant, stabilized and of high conductivity. This particular crystallographic structure is obtained by a selected oven, a control of overheating and by inoculation.
- Cast iron of type (c) with aluminum presents the following analysis as a percentage by weight:
- Inoculation agent based on Cr alloy expressed in Cr: 0.3 to 2%.
- This aluminum cast iron does not quench, it retains at high temperature its conductivity and its mechanical resistance to abrasion and cracking.
- Type C cast iron is used in the most stressed places of the blast furnace, by heat fluxes, and by mechanical abrasion effects, in particular for the cooling plates of the bottom of the tank, with curbs, and of the belly.
- the cast iron has the following composition in percentage by weight:
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à des plaques de refroidissement pour hauts fourneaux.The present invention relates to cooling plates for blast furnaces.
Ces plaques de refroidissement sont des éléments disposés contre la face interne du blindage et remplissent la double fonction de refroidissement énergique du réfractaire et d'écran au passage du flux thermique dans le blindage.These cooling plates are elements placed against the internal face of the shielding and fulfill the dual function of vigorous cooling of the refractory and of screen as the heat flow passes through the shielding.
L'utilisation de telles plaques de refroidissement disposées entre la paroi interne du blindage et le revêtement réfractaire a été rendue nécessaire en raison de l'augmentation des flux de chaleur et de leur transfert, qui sont dus aux techniques modernes d'exploitation des hauts fourneaux.The use of such cooling plates arranged between the inner wall of the shield and the refractory lining has been made necessary due to the increase in heat fluxes and their transfer, which are due to modern techniques of operating blast furnaces. .
Les plaques de refroidissement sont consti- ' tuées d'éléments en fonte parcourus dans leur masse par un réseau de tubes dans lesquels circule un fluide de refroidissement qui est en général de l'eau. Ces tubes de refroidissement débouchent aux parties hautes et aux parties basses respectivement des plaques de refroidissement et traversent le blindage, à l'extérieur duquel ils sont reliés à des tubes de refroidissement d'une plaque adjacente supérieure ou inférieure. Les tubes ainsi reliés déterminent des lignes de circulation du fluide s'élevant dans un plan sensiblement vertical le long de ia paroi du haut fourneau, ces lignes étant raccordées à un circuit extérieur de circulation et de refroidissement du fluide.The cooling plates are made up of cast iron elements traversed in their mass by a network of tubes in which circulates a cooling fluid which is generally water. These cooling tubes open at the top and bottom parts respectively of the cooling plates and pass through the shield, outside of which they are connected to cooling tubes of an adjacent upper or lower plate. The tubes thus connected determine the circulation lines of the fluid rising in a substantially vertical plane along the wall of the blast furnace, these lines being connected to an external circuit for circulation and cooling of the fluid.
Les plaques de refroidissement doivent être conçues de façon telle qu'elles résistent aux déformations thermomécaniques résultant des flux élevés engendrés dans le haut fourneau et, de plus, de façon à assurer un bon échange thermique avec le réfractaire et à assurer l'accrochage efficace de ce dernier.The cooling plates should be designed so that they withstand the deformations thermomécani q high flow resulting ues generated in the blast furnace and, further, to ensure good heat exchange with the refractory and ensure hooking effective of the latter.
(9r, les plaques de refroidissement connues jusqu'à présent ne satisfont pas pleinement à ces conditions et présentent des défauts qui conduisent, à la suite des contraintes thermiques répétées, à la formation de fissures dans leur masse et, par voie de conséquence, à la libération d'eau dans le haut fourneau, sous forme de fuites du fluide de refroidissement, ainsi qu'à une mauvaise tenue mécanique des tubes de refroidissement, au niveau de leur sortie des plaques de refroidissement et de la traversée du blindage. On observera, par ailleurs, une difficulté pour fixer le revêtement réfractaire de façon permanente sur les plaques de refroidissement.(9r, the cooling plates known up to now do not fully satisfy these conditions and have defects which lead, as a result of repeated thermal stresses, to the formation of cracks in their mass and, consequently, to the release of water into the blast furnace, in the form of coolant leaks, as well as poor mechanical strength of the cooling tubes, at their exit from the cooling plates and through the shielding. , moreover, a difficulty in fixing the refractory lining permanently on the cooling plates.
En particulier, on connaît d'après le document FR-A-2 230 730 une plaque de refroidissement du type général analysé ci-dessus, qui comporte sur sa face dirigée vers l'intérieur du haut-fourneau des rainures horizontales (ou transversales, si l'on considère comme longitudinale la direction des tubes de refroidissement).In particular, from document FR-A-2 230 730, a cooling plate of the general type analyzed above is known, which has on its face directed towards the inside of the blast furnace horizontal (or transverse) grooves, considering the direction of the cooling tubes as longitudinal).
La présente invention a donc pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en fournissant des plaques de refroidissement ayant une sûreté de fonctionnement accrue, et une meilleure résistance à la fissuration tout en présentant de meilleures caractéristiques d'échange thermique et d'accrochage du revêtement réfractaire.The present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing cooling plates having increased operating safety, and better resistance to cracking while having better heat exchange and attachment characteristics of the refractory lining.
La présente invention a ainsi pour objet une plaque de refroidissement constituée d'un élément de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, dans lequel sont noyés des tubes longitudinaux disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres, ces tubes débouchant sur une même face principale de l'élément, respectivement aux parties haute et basse de la plaque de refroidissement, caractérisée en ce que la face opposée à la face principale est gaufrée et comporte des rainures longitudinales et transversales qui se croisent à angle droit, et en ce que l'élément est en fonte.The present invention thus relates to a cooling plate consisting of an element of substantially parallelepiped shape, in which are embedded longitudinal tubes arranged parallel to each other, these tubes opening onto the same main face of the element, respectively to upper and lower parts of the cooling plate, characterized in that the face opposite the main face is embossed and has longitudinal and transverse grooves which intersect at right angles, and in that the element is made of cast iron.
Selon une autre caractéristique de la présente invention, les rainures transversales de la face gaufrée comportent des inserts en carbure de silicium.According to another characteristic of the present invention, the transverse grooves of the embossed face include silicon carbide inserts.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec coupe partielle d'une plaque de refroidissement placée entre blindage et revêtement réfractaire ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe d'une plaque de refroidissement avec margelle ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 3-3 de la fig. 2.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view with partial section of a cooling plate placed between shielding and refractory lining;
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view in section of a cooling plate with coping;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
Sur la figure 1, la plaque de refroidissement 1, disposée verticalement, est placée entre le blindage 2 du haut fourneau et le revêtement réfractaire 3. La plaque de refroidissement 1 s'appuie contre la paroi interne du blindage par des bossages 4 formant saillie sur la face principale 5 plane en regard du blindage.In FIG. 1, the
La plaque de refroidissement est parcourue par des tubes longitudinaux 6 de circulation du fluide de refroidissement disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et s'étendant suivant un axe longitudinal disposé verticalement. Les tubes 6 débouchent de la plaque 1 aux parties haute et basse, respectivement, dans des fourneaux 7 et 8 qui sont noyés dans la masse de fonte de la plaque de refroidissement.The cooling plate is traversed by longitudinal tubes 6 for circulation of the cooling fluid arranged parallel to each other and extending along a longitudinal axis disposed vertically. The tubes 6 open from the
La partie des tubes de refroidissement sortant des plaques et leurs fourreaux sont disposés de façon telle qu'ils soient rigoureusement horizontaux, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont légèrement inclinés par rapport à la perpendiculaire à la surface du blindage au point de traversée de ce dernier.The part of the cooling tubes leaving the plates and their sheaths are arranged in such a way that they are strictly horizontal, that is to say that they are slightly inclined relative to the perpendicular to the surface of the shield at the point of crossing of the latter.
La face 9 de la plaque de refroidissement opposée à la face 5, qui est la face sur laquelle débouchent les tubes de refroidissement, a une forme gaufrée. Cette forme gaufrée est obtenue par l'entrecroisement à angle droit de rainures longitudinales 10 et transversales 11, les rainures longitudinales 10 étant parallèles aux tubes 6. Les rainures peuvent avoir une section droite carrée, rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale.The face 9 of the cooling plate opposite to the
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, les rainures longitudinales 10 ont une section trapézoïdale dont la partie évasée est dirigée vers l'extérieur de la plaque, alors que les rainures transversales 11 ont une section trapézoïdale disposée en queue d'aronde. Dans ces rainures transversales sont placés des inserts 12 à section trapézoïdale correspondante qui forment saillie par rapport à la face gaufrée 9 de la plaque de refroidissement.In the embodiment of Figure 1, the
Ces inserts sont réalisés en carbure de silicium et placés in situ lors de la coulée de la fonte de la plaque de refroidissement. Cette caractéristique de coulée de la fonte autour des briques en carbure de silicium spécial, permet de réaliser un contact intime, assuré par une liaison chimique, entre le carbure de silicium et la fonte, qui garantit un excellent coefficient de transfert de chaleur entre les deux matériaux.These inserts are made of silicon carbide and placed in situ during the casting of the cast iron from the cooling plate. This characteristic of casting the cast iron around the bricks of special silicon carbide, allows an intimate contact, ensured by a chemical bond, between the silicon carbide and the cast iron, which guarantees an excellent coefficient of heat transfer between the two materials.
Sur la plaque de refroidissement représentée à la figure 1, toutes les rainures transversales comportent des inserts en carbure de silicium, mais il est possible d'espacer ces inserts toutes les deux ou trois rainures et même de n'en disposer aucun. Les rainures transversales ne comportant pas d'insert peuvent avoir une section droite trapézoïdale dont la partie évasée est dirigée vers l'extérieur de la plaque.On the cooling plate shown in Figure 1, all the transverse grooves have inserts in silicon carbide, but it is possible to space these inserts every two or three grooves and even to have none. The transverse grooves without an insert can have a trapezoidal cross section whose flared part is directed towards the outside of the plate.
Le gaufrage de la face 9 en regard du revêtement réfractaire permet, tout d'abord, d'augmenter l'interface entre le revêtement réfractaire et la fonte et, donc, de favoriser l'échange thermique. Il exerce en outre une fonction d'ancrage mécanique du réfractaire à l'intérieur du haut fourneau.The embossing of the face 9 opposite the refractory lining makes it possible, first of all, to increase the interface between the refractory lining and the cast iron and, therefore, to promote heat exchange. It also performs a mechanical anchoring function of the refractory inside the blast furnace.
Il évite enfin les contraintes thermomécaniques qui conduisent à la déformation des plaques de refroidissement et, donc, à la fissuration dans le temps.Finally, it avoids the thermomechanical stresses which lead to the deformation of the cooling plates and, therefore, to cracking over time.
Les inserts en carbure de silicium jouent un rôle d'amélioration de la liaison entre la fonte et le revêtement réfractaire. Par ailleurs, dans le cas d'une disparition du revêtement réfractaire au cours du fonctionnement du haut fourneau, ces éléments favorisent l'autogarnissage et fournissent une résistance à l'abrasion.The silicon carbide inserts play a role in improving the bond between the cast iron and the refractory lining. Furthermore, in the case of a disappearance of the refractory lining during the operation of the blast furnace, these elements promote self-filling and provide abrasion resistance.
Sur la figure 2 est représentée en coupe une plaque de refroidissement du type à margelle. La plaque de refroidissement, comme dans le cas général de la figure 1, est disposée contre la face interne du blindage 2. Des tubes de refroidissement longitudinaux 6 sont noyés dans la masse de fonte de la plaque de refroidissement et sortent aux parties haute et basse dans des fourreaux protecteurs 7 et 8 qui traversent le blindage 2. Des bossages 4, faisant saillie sur la face 5 de la plaque de refroidissement en regard du blindage, servent d'appui contre ce dernier. Des joints d'étanchéité, non représentés, comme dans le cas de la figure 1, sont disposés entre les bossages 4 et le blindage du haut fourneau 2. De même, des masses de bourrage destinées à assurer une solution de continuité du système revêtement réfractaire, plaque de de refroidissement et blindage, sont disposées entre la face 5 de la plaque de refroidissement et le blindage. La plaque de refroidissement est maintenue en appui serré contre le blindage à l'aide de moyens extérieurs à ce dernier, non représentés.In Figure 2 is shown in section a cooling plate of the curb type. The cooling plate, as in the general case of FIG. 1, is disposed against the internal face of the
Une margelle 13 faisant saillie sur la face gaufrée 9 de la plaque de refroidissement comporte, noyé dans sa masse, un tube transversal 14 de circulation du fluide de refroidissement, qui débouche sur la face 5 en regard du blindage, à travers des fourreaux protecteurs 15, noyés dans la masse métallique de la plaque de refroidissement et traversant le blindage 2.A coping 13 projecting from the embossed face 9 of the cooling plate comprises, embedded in its mass, a
On peut constater à la figure 3 que le tube transversal est disposé de façon telle qu'il passe entre les tubes longitudinaux 6 de circulation du fluide de refroidissement. Les tubes transversaux 14 sont reliés à l'extérieur du haut fourneau à d'autres tubes analogues refroidissant des margelles d'autres plaques de refroidissement supérieures ou inférieures. Le circuit des tubes de refroidissement transversaux est, de même, relié à un circuit extérieur de circulation et de refroidissement du fluide.It can be seen in Figure 3 that the transverse tube is arranged such that it passes between the longitudinal tubes 6 for circulation of the cooling fluid. The
Les margelles peuvent comporter un tube de refroidissement, comme représenté aux figures 2 et 3, mais on peut également en disposer plusieurs, suivant l'importance de la taille de la margelle. Cette margelle peut être disposée à une partie légèrement inférieure au bord supérieur de la plaque de refroidissement, ou à une partie plus médiane, ou constituer le bord supérieur de la plaque de refroidissement.The coping may include a cooling tube, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, but one can also have several, depending on the size of the coping. This coping can be arranged at a part slightly lower at the upper edge of the cooling plate, or at a more median part, or constitute the upper edge of the cooling plate.
Ainsi, dans les parties de bas de cuve, mi-cuve et cuve, les margelles sont disposées à une partie inférieure au bord supérieur de la surface de refroidissement ou plus médiane, alors que pour le dernier rang situé dans la zone de la cuve, la margelle forme le bord supérieur des plaques de refroidissement.Thus, in the bottom of the tank, mid-tank and tank, the copings are arranged at a lower part at the upper edge of the cooling surface or more median, whereas for the last row located in the tank area, the coping forms the upper edge of the cooling plates.
Les margelles peuvent également comporter des inserts en CSi dans au moins une rainure ménagée à cet effet, les inserts faisant saillie hors des rainures.The coping may also include CSi inserts in at least one groove made for this purpose, the inserts protruding from the grooves.
Les margelles 13 comportent une face supérieure 16 sensiblement perpendiculaire à la face gaufrée 9 de façon à ce qu'elle soit sensiblement horizontale lorsque la plaque de refroidissement est positionnée dans le haut fourneau.The
Le rôle de ces margelles est de supporter le revêtement réfractaire et de favoriser un autogar- nissage après disparition de ce dernier.The role of these copings is to support the refractory lining and to promote self-filling after disappearance of the latter.
Les plaques de refroidissement comportent un nombre de tubes de refroidissement longitudinaux 6 pouvant varier de 3 à 5. En effet, on fait varier la densité des tubes internes de refroidissement en fonction des flux thermiques émis dans le haut fourneau et il est évident que plus ce flux thermique est intense, plus l'entraxe entre les tubes doit être réduit. A titre indicatif, dans les plaques de refroidissement au niveau du ventre, on dispose des tubes à un entraxe de 195 à 210 mm, alors que dans les zones moins sollicitées de la cuve, cet entraxe est porté à 270-320 mm.The cooling plates include a number of longitudinal cooling tubes 6 which can vary from 3 to 5. In fact, the density of the internal cooling tubes is varied as a function of the heat fluxes emitted in the blast furnace and it is obvious that the more this heat flow is intense, the more the distance between the tubes must be reduced. As an indication, in the cooling plates at the level of the belly, there are tubes at a center distance of 195 to 210 mm, while in the less stressed areas of the tank, this center distance is increased to 270-320 mm.
Les dimensions des plaques sont également fonction du flux thermique émis dans les diverses zones du haut fourneau. Ainsi, dans les zones de sollicitation thermique intense, où la densité des tubes internes est forte, c'est-à-dire leur entraxe faible, on dispose de plaques de refroidissement de plus petites dimensions comportant un même nombre de tubes que dans les zones sollicitées par un flux thermique moins intense.The dimensions of the plates are also a function of the heat flux emitted in the various zones of the blast furnace. So in the areas of intense thermal stress, where the density of the internal tubes is high, that is to say their center distance is small, there are cooling plates of smaller dimensions comprising the same number of tubes as in the zones stressed by a less heat flow intense.
Selon une dernière caractéristique de l'invention, les plaques de refroidissement sont réalisées en fonte qui doit posséder, en plus des qualités inhérentes à ce matériau, des caractéristiques propres à son utilisation particulière.According to a last characteristic of the invention, the cooling plates are made of cast iron which must have, in addition to the qualities inherent in this material, characteristics specific to its particular use.
Cette fonte doit :
- - avoir la meilleure conductibilité possible,
- - conserver entre 300 et 500 °C des qualités physiques et mécaniques de résistance, dureté, élasticité,
- - garder sa stabilité métallographique et géométrique en retardant les transformations qui se produisent à température élevée et qui peuvent provoquer le gonflement de la fonte,
- - résister aux agressions chimiques et, en particulier, à celles des vapeurs alcalines telles que les composés du potassium,
- - suivant les zones et le type de plaques de refroidissement construit, trois qualités de fonte au chrome sont utilisées :
- a) fonte à haute conductibilité pour les zones normalement sollicitées ;
- b) fonte à graphite lamellaire, type A, stabilisée pour les zones moyennement et fortement sollicitées ;
- c) fonte à l'aluminium pour les zones très exposées (par exemple celles du bas de cuve).
- - have the best possible conductivity,
- - keep between 300 and 500 ° C physical and mechanical qualities of resistance, hardness, elasticity,
- - keep its metallographic and geometric stability by delaying the transformations which occur at high temperature and which can cause swelling of the cast iron,
- - resist chemical attack and, in particular, that of alkaline vapors such as potassium compounds,
- - depending on the areas and the type of cooling plates constructed, three qualities of chrome cast iron are used:
- a) high conductivity cast iron for normally stressed areas;
- b) lamellar graphite cast iron, type A, stabilized for moderately and heavily stressed areas;
- c) aluminum casting for very exposed areas (for example those at the bottom of the tank).
Toutes ces fontes ont une bonne résistance à l'agression par les vapeurs alcalines.All of these fonts have good resistance to attack by alkaline vapors.
Les fontes des types (a) et (b) présentent l'analyse suivante en pourcentage pondéral.
Les fontes de types (a) et (b) ne diffèrent que par leur structure cristallographique. La fonte du type (b) est à graphite lamellaire contrôlé du type A arrondi prédominant, stabilisée et à haute conductibilité. Cette structure cristallographique particulière est obtenue par un enfournement sélectionné, un contrôle de la surchauffe et par inoculation.Fonts of types (a) and (b) differ only in their crystallographic structure. Cast iron of type (b) is of controlled lamellar graphite of rounded type A predominant, stabilized and of high conductivity. This particular crystallographic structure is obtained by a selected oven, a control of overheating and by inoculation.
La fonte du type (c) à l'aluminium présente l'analyse suivante en pourcentage pondérât :
Agent d'inoculation à base alliage de Cr, exprimé en Cr : 0,3 à 2 %.Inoculation agent based on Cr alloy, expressed in Cr: 0.3 to 2%.
On peut également utiliser comme agent d'inoculation un alliage à base de cuivre et de terres rares dont la proportion de cérium dans les terres rares est de 50 %, la porportion de Cu et des terres rares dans l'alliage étant identique à celle définie pour le Cr.One can also use as an inoculating agent an alloy based on copper and rare earths, the proportion of cerium in rare earths is 50%, the proportion of Cu and rare earths in the alloy being identical to that defined. for Cr.
Cette fonte à l'aluminium ne prend pas la trempe, elle conserve à haute température sa conductibilité et sa résistance mécanique à l'abrasion et à la fissuration.This aluminum cast iron does not quench, it retains at high temperature its conductivity and its mechanical resistance to abrasion and cracking.
La fonte du type C est utilisée aux endroits les plus sollicités du haut fourneau, par les flux thermiques, et par les effets d'abrasion mécanique, en particulier pour les' plaques de refroidissement du bas de cuve, à margelles, et du ventre.Type C cast iron is used in the most stressed places of the blast furnace, by heat fluxes, and by mechanical abrasion effects, in particular for the cooling plates of the bottom of the tank, with curbs, and of the belly.
A.titre d'exemple spécifique d'une fonte du type C'à l'aluminium, la fonte présente la composition suivante en pourcentage pondéral :
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81401681T ATE11570T1 (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1981-10-23 | COOLING BOX FOR BLAST FURNACES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8023805A FR2493871A1 (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1980-11-07 | COOLING PLATES FOR BLAST FURNACES |
| FR8023805 | 1980-11-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0052039A1 EP0052039A1 (en) | 1982-05-19 |
| EP0052039B1 true EP0052039B1 (en) | 1985-01-30 |
Family
ID=9247776
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81401681A Expired EP0052039B1 (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1981-10-23 | Cooling plates for blast furnaces |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4437651A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0052039B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57110606A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE11570T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1154590A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3168672D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2493871A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19503912A1 (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1996-08-08 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Cooling plate for shaft furnaces |
| DE10249333A1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-19 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co.Kg | Metallurgical melting pot |
| WO2005075688A1 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-18 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Metallurgical vessel |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3323781C2 (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1986-04-03 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Device for cooling thick-walled, horizontally arranged tube sheets of heat exchangers |
| FR2552105B1 (en) * | 1983-09-21 | 1988-10-28 | Usinor | IMPROVEMENT IN COOLING PLATES FOR BLAST FURNACES |
| JPH0193841U (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-20 | ||
| DE3925280A1 (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-02-07 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | LIQUID-FLOWED COOLING ELEMENT FOR SHAFT OVENS |
| DE4238369C2 (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1996-09-26 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Component made of a metallic base substrate with a ceramic coating |
| US5464592A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1995-11-07 | Texaco Inc. | Gasifier throat |
| US6404799B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2002-06-11 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Water-cooling panel for furnace wall and furnace cover of arc furnace |
| NL1011838C2 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-23 | Hoogovens Technical Services B | Cooling panel for a shaft furnace, shaft furnace provided with such cooling panels and a method for the manufacture of such a cooling panel. |
| DE19937291A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Cooling element |
| US6676597B2 (en) * | 2001-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and device for organ positioning |
| KR100815808B1 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2008-03-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | A cooling apparatus having duplex type staves of blast furnace |
| CN100343395C (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2007-10-17 | Km欧洲钢铁股份有限公司 | Cooling element |
| FI115251B (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2005-03-31 | Outokumpu Oy | Heat Sink |
| EP1391521A1 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-25 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH & Co. | Cooling plate for metallurgical furnace |
| US6870873B2 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2005-03-22 | Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. | Device for improved slag retention in water cooled furnace elements |
| FI116317B (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-10-31 | Outokumpu Oy | Cooling element and process for producing a cooling element |
| AU2005210677B2 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2009-12-10 | Tata Steel Limited | Metallurgical vessel |
| US7832367B2 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2010-11-16 | Berry Metal Company | Furnace panel leak detection system |
| LU91454B1 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-07 | Wurth Paul Sa | Cooling plate for a metallurgical furnace |
| LU91551B1 (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2010-10-15 | Wurth Paul Sa | Cooling plate for a metallurgical furnace |
| JP5093420B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2012-12-12 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Stave and blast furnace |
| BR112012025025A2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2019-09-24 | Berry Metal Co | apparatus and method for secondary support of gas-tight stave. |
| US8834784B2 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2014-09-16 | Allan J. MacRae | Thin stave cooler and support frame system |
| LU91788B1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-09 | Wurth Paul Sa | Stave cooler for a metallurgical furnace |
| EP3417225B1 (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2023-11-01 | Hatch Ltd. | Wear resistant composite material and method of manufacturing a cooling element |
| DE102016107284A1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-26 | Kme Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cooling plate for a cooling element for metallurgical furnaces |
| ES2899790T3 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-03-14 | Arcelormittal | Copper quench plate with wear resistant inserts, for a blast furnace |
| WO2018122591A1 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Arcelormittal | Copper cooling plate with multilayer protrusions comprising wear resistant material, for a blast furnace |
| RU2682499C1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-19 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Севен Рефракториз" | Method of blast furnace shaft lining, a refrigerator unit of blast furnace shaft and method of manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1508059C3 (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1975-03-06 | Ewald W. Dr.-Ing. Rohde | Blast furnace cooling box |
| DE1533864C3 (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1975-08-07 | Ewald W. Dr.-Ing. Rohde | Blast furnace cooling box |
| GB1439137A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1976-06-09 | Didier Werke Ag | Cooling element for furnace linings |
| SU439178A1 (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1977-11-25 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт По Очистке Технологических Газов, Сточных Вод И Использованию Вторичных Энергоресурсов Предприятий Черной Металлургии | Blast furnace cooler |
| FR2257068A1 (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1975-08-01 | Hoogovens Ijmuiden Bv | Cooling panels for blast furnaces - providing cooling for internal refractory lining support ribs |
| JPS557827Y2 (en) * | 1974-01-23 | 1980-02-21 | ||
| JPS5362708A (en) * | 1976-11-17 | 1978-06-05 | Kyoei Steel Ltd | Electric furnace for steel making |
| FR2371652A2 (en) * | 1976-11-23 | 1978-06-16 | Sofresid | COOLING PLATE FOR WALLS OF TANK OVENS, ESPECIALLY FOR HAUTS-FOURNEAUX |
| LU80606A1 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-07-21 | Dupret E Sa Ets | METAL COOLING ELEMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL OVENS |
-
1980
- 1980-11-07 FR FR8023805A patent/FR2493871A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-10-23 DE DE8181401681T patent/DE3168672D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 EP EP81401681A patent/EP0052039B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-23 AT AT81401681T patent/ATE11570T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-06 CA CA000389589A patent/CA1154590A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-07 JP JP56178919A patent/JPS57110606A/en active Granted
- 1981-11-09 US US06/319,281 patent/US4437651A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19503912A1 (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1996-08-08 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Cooling plate for shaft furnaces |
| DE10249333A1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-19 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co.Kg | Metallurgical melting pot |
| DE10249333B4 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2005-09-08 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Metallurgical melting vessel |
| WO2005075688A1 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-18 | Technological Resources Pty Limited | Metallurgical vessel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE11570T1 (en) | 1985-02-15 |
| JPS621441B2 (en) | 1987-01-13 |
| DE3168672D1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| US4437651A (en) | 1984-03-20 |
| FR2493871B1 (en) | 1982-12-10 |
| FR2493871A1 (en) | 1982-05-14 |
| CA1154590A (en) | 1983-10-04 |
| JPS57110606A (en) | 1982-07-09 |
| EP0052039A1 (en) | 1982-05-19 |
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