EP0050117B1 - Keramisches radiales turbinenrad - Google Patents

Keramisches radiales turbinenrad Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0050117B1
EP0050117B1 EP81900346A EP81900346A EP0050117B1 EP 0050117 B1 EP0050117 B1 EP 0050117B1 EP 81900346 A EP81900346 A EP 81900346A EP 81900346 A EP81900346 A EP 81900346A EP 0050117 B1 EP0050117 B1 EP 0050117B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine wheel
hub portion
body portion
wheel according
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81900346A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0050117A1 (de
EP0050117A4 (de
Inventor
William David Long
Paul Josef Rottenkolber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Kennecott Corp
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Kennecott Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG, Kennecott Corp filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Priority to AT81900346T priority Critical patent/ATE14036T1/de
Publication of EP0050117A1 publication Critical patent/EP0050117A1/de
Publication of EP0050117A4 publication Critical patent/EP0050117A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0050117B1 publication Critical patent/EP0050117B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/284—Selection of ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
    • F01D5/043—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines of the axial inlet- radial outlet, or vice versa, type
    • F01D5/048—Form or construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic turbine wheel, especially a ceramic radial turbine wheel for an exhaust driven turbine of a turbocharger for motor vehicles, with a body which is formed in one piece with radial blades and a hub which is connectable to a usually metallic turbine shaft.
  • the operating temperatures can be raised without danger, while the mass moment of inertia, due to the relative low density of the ceramic turbocharger rotor, can be reduced to about 40% of the moment of inertia of a metallic type rotor, and therfore, the time of response of the turbocharger correspondingly improves.
  • the object of this invention is therefore construction of a ceramic turbine wheel, which, although it has a sufficient high temperature strength, does not show the above-described difficulties in production.
  • a radial ceramic turbine wheel comprising a body portion symmetrical about an axis, a plurality of blades integral with and extending outwardly from the body portion, and a hub portion integral and coaxial with the body portion, symmetrical about the axis, and connectable with a turbine shaft, the body portion being provided with a hollow central core and the blades extending outwardly partly from the hollow central core of the body portion and partly from the solid part of the body portion characterised in that the hollow central core is on the side of the body portion opposite the hub portion, and in that the axial length of that part of the hollow central core of the body portion from which the blades extend does not exceed 60% of the axial length of the blades.
  • the portion of the turbine from which the blades extend outwardly will become more elastic, so that deformations of the blades can be taken up sooner without damage.
  • a radial turbine wheel, designed according to this invention, is producible without large difficulties by inexpensive production processes like injection molding or slip-casting out of ceramic materials, e.g. silicon nitride and silicon carbide, wherein particularly the before-mentioned difficulties in the necessary procedures of burn-out of the binders as well as in sintering and nitriding are prevented.
  • ceramic materials e.g. silicon nitride and silicon carbide
  • the design of the hub results in a further reduction of the mass moment of inertia, already lowered by the use of ceramic material.
  • the drawing shows schematically a presentation of a cross section according to the invention, of a preferred embodiment of a ceramic radial turbine wheel for the turbocharger of a combustion engine for a motor vehicle, in which the hub portion is cylindrical.
  • the radial turbine wheel As a whole; by 2, the blades which extend outwardly, usually radially, from the body portion; and by 3 the body portion, which is formed in one piece with blades 2 and the hub portion 4.
  • the hub portion 4 is provided for connection with a usually metallic, sometimes ceramic turbine shaft, which is not shown here.
  • the blades 2 are described as “radial”, i.e. not “axial”. In the turbocharger art, the two main types of blade arrangements are “radial” and “axial”. In the “radial” type, portions of the blades 2, near the hub portion 4, are located along radii of the body portion 3; and portions of the blades 2, further from the hub portion 4, are curved gently in the same direction (i.e. clockwise or anti-clockwise).
  • the body portion 3 has on the side opposite to the hub portion 4 a hollow central core 5, whose outer diameter designated with D 5 , should preferably not exceed 60% of the smallest outer diameter, designated with D 3 min , of the body portion 3.
  • the distance from the base of the hollow central core 5 to the extremity of blades 5, designated L 5 should preferably not exceed 60% of the axial blade length, designated by L.
  • L 5 extends only from the base of the hollow central core 5 to the extremity of the blades 2, and not to the extremity of the hollow central core 5.
  • at least 40% of the blade length L should extend from a non-hollow part of body portion 3. With such proportions, no noticeable increases in tension appear in the body portion 3.
  • the hollow central core 5, rounded at its bottom could be placed even deeper, in consideration of expediency.
  • the mimimum outer diameter, D 3 mill of the body portion 3 be at the side of the body portion 3 opposite to the hub portion 4, and that the maximum outer diameter, D 3 max , of the body portion 3, be at the side of the body portion 3 adjacent to the hub portion 4, of the turbine wheel 1.
  • the hub portion 4 preferably has a diameter D 4 of about 15 to 25%, more preferably 15 to 20%, of the outer diameter D of the wheel.
  • the hub portion 4 has a length L 4 of, at most, twice its diameter D 4 .
  • the hub portion 4 is integral with the shaft (not shown).
  • the shaft can be either a solid or hollow cylinder made as an extension of hub portion 4, ranging from about 6 up to about 12 times the diameter D 4 of the hub portion 4.
  • the embodiment shown in the drawing has a cylindrical hub portion 4.
  • the hub portion 4 may be conical and taper away from the blades 2.
  • the basic diameter measured at about 60% of its length, measured from its end adjacent the blades 2 corresponds to the diameter D 4 of the cylindrical design.
  • the cone angle of this design can amount to between 20° and 30° inclusive, preferably about 25°.
  • this conical hub portion on consideration of expediency, can possess a hollow central core, whose diameter is at most 60% of the minimum diameter of the conical hub portion and whose axial length is at most 60% of the length of the hub portion.
  • the hollow central core is rounded at its bottom.
  • the transition from the conical hub portion to the body is rounded with a radius of at least 20% of the diameter of the hub portion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Ein radiales keramisches Turbinenrad mit einem Körperteil, das symmetrisch zu einer Achse ist, mit einer Mehrzahl von mit dem Körperteil einstückigen Blättern, die sich von diesem aus nach außen erstrecken, und mit einem mit dem Körperteil einstückigen und zu diesem koaxialen Nabenteil, das symmetrisch zu der Achse liegt und mit einer Turbinenwelle verbindbar ist, wobei das Körperteil mit einem hohlen mittigen Kern versehen ist, und wobei sich die Blätter nach außen teilweise von dem hohlen mittigen Kern des Körperteils und teilweise von dem festen Teil des Körperteils erstrecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle mittige Kern (5) auf der dem Nabenteil (4) gegenüberliegenden Seite des Körperteils (3) liegt, und daß die axiale Länge (Ls) des Teils des hohlen mittigen Kerns (5) des Körperteils (3), von dem aus sich die Blätter (2) erstrecken, nicht 60 % der axialen Länge der Blatter (2) übersteigt.
2. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußere Durchmesser (D5) des hohlen mittigen Teils (5) des Körperteils (3) nicht 60 % des kleinsten Durchmessers (D3mln) des Körperteils übersteigt.
3. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körperteil (3) an der zum Nabenteil (4) benachbarten Seite einen äußeren Durchmesser (D3max) von etwa 50 % des äußeren Durchmessers (D) des Turbinenrades hat.
4. Ein kermisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körperteil (3) an der dem Nabenteil (4) gengenüberliegenden Seite einen äußeren Durchmesser (D3min) von ungefähr 25% des äußeren Durchmessers (D) des Turbinenrades hat.
5. Ein Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nabenteil (4) zylindrisch ist.
6. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nabenteil (4) einen Durchmesser (D4) von etwa 15 bis etwa 20 % des äußeren Durchmessers (D) des Turbinenrades hat.
7. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nabenteil (4) eine axiale Länge (L4) aufweist, die nicht das doppelte des Durchmessers (D4) des Nabenteils (4) übersteigt.
8. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 5, bei dem das Nabenteil (4) einstückig mit der keramischen Welle ausgebildet ist, wobei die Welle zylindrisch ist und eine Länge von dem etwa 6-fachen bis zu dem etwa 12-fachen des Durchmessers des Nabenteils (4) hat.
9. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die welle ein hohler Zylinder ist.
10. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die Welle ein massiver Zylinder ist.
11. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nabenteil (4) eine hohlen mittigen Kern (6) hat.
12. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle mittige Kern (6) des Nabenteils (4) einen Durchmesser (D6) hat, der nicht 60 % des Durchmessers des Nabenteils (4) übersteigt.
13. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle mittige Kern (6) des Nabenteils (4) eine axiale Länge (L6) aufweist, die nicht 60 % der Länge (L4) des Nabenteils (4) übersteigt.
14. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle mittige Kern (6) des Nabenteils (4) einen gerundeten Boden aufweist.
15. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Übergang von dem Nabenteil (4) zu dem Körperteil (3) mit einem Radius von wenigstens 20 % des Durchmessers (D4) des Nabenteils (4) abgerundet ist.
16. Ein keramisches Turbinenrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nabenteil (4) konisch ist und von den Blättern aus. zulaufend ausgebildet ist.
EP81900346A 1980-04-17 1980-04-17 Keramisches radiales turbinenrad Expired EP0050117B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81900346T ATE14036T1 (de) 1980-04-17 1980-04-17 Keramisches radiales turbinenrad.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/000419 WO1981003047A1 (en) 1980-04-17 1980-04-17 Ceramic radial turbine wheel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0050117A1 EP0050117A1 (de) 1982-04-28
EP0050117A4 EP0050117A4 (de) 1982-07-13
EP0050117B1 true EP0050117B1 (de) 1985-06-26

Family

ID=22154286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81900346A Expired EP0050117B1 (de) 1980-04-17 1980-04-17 Keramisches radiales turbinenrad

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0050117B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57500745A (de)
AT (1) ATE14036T1 (de)
WO (1) WO1981003047A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58210302A (ja) * 1982-05-31 1983-12-07 Ngk Insulators Ltd セラミツクロ−タ−
JPS59108801A (ja) * 1982-12-13 1984-06-23 Ngk Insulators Ltd ラジアル型セラミツクロ−タ−およびその製造法
JPS59155501A (ja) * 1983-02-24 1984-09-04 Ngk Insulators Ltd ラジアル型セラミツクタ−ビンロ−タ−およびその製造法
JPH09144550A (ja) * 1995-11-24 1997-06-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 過給機用タービン
CN115749966B (zh) * 2022-10-24 2024-08-02 北京动力机械研究所 一种高速组合式向心陶瓷涡轮转子结构

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433589A (en) * 1939-05-25 1947-12-30 Nash Engineering Co Pump
US2297508A (en) * 1940-02-29 1942-09-29 Schutte Alfred Rotor for turbines
CH248083A (de) * 1945-03-03 1947-04-15 Sulzer Ag Läufer für Turbomaschinen.
FR1322240A (fr) * 1962-02-13 1963-03-29 Laval Steam Turbine Co Rotor de turbine centripète
GB1318526A (en) * 1969-11-28 1973-05-31 Cav Ltd Rotor assemblies
DE2022120A1 (de) * 1970-05-06 1971-11-18 Kuehnle Kopp Kausch Ag Laufrad fuer Zentripetalturbinen,insbesondere fuer Abgasturbinen
US3801226A (en) * 1970-08-28 1974-04-02 Goulds Pumps Pump impeller
US4176519A (en) * 1973-05-22 1979-12-04 United Turbine Ab & Co., Kommanditbolag Gas turbine having a ceramic rotor
US3881845A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-05-06 Norton Co Ceramic turbine wheel
US3897171A (en) * 1974-06-25 1975-07-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ceramic turbine rotor disc and blade configuration
US4011295A (en) * 1974-10-07 1977-03-08 The Garrett Corporation Ceramic rotor for gas turbine engine
US4175911A (en) * 1975-06-20 1979-11-27 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Radial turbine wheel for a gas turbine
DE2554353A1 (de) * 1975-12-03 1977-06-16 Motoren Turbinen Union Gasturbinentriebwerk
DE2728823C2 (de) * 1977-06-27 1982-09-09 Aktiengesellschaft Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch, 6710 Frankenthal Gasturbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57500745A (de) 1982-04-30
EP0050117A1 (de) 1982-04-28
WO1981003047A1 (en) 1981-10-29
ATE14036T1 (de) 1985-07-15
EP0050117A4 (de) 1982-07-13

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