EP0049325A2 - Process for removing dust from distillation gases - Google Patents

Process for removing dust from distillation gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049325A2
EP0049325A2 EP81104563A EP81104563A EP0049325A2 EP 0049325 A2 EP0049325 A2 EP 0049325A2 EP 81104563 A EP81104563 A EP 81104563A EP 81104563 A EP81104563 A EP 81104563A EP 0049325 A2 EP0049325 A2 EP 0049325A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dust
smoldering
gases
gas
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81104563A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0049325B1 (en
EP0049325A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Frohnert
Klaus Steude
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Veba Oel Technologie und Automatisierung GmbH
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Veba Oel Technologie und Automatisierung GmbH
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials

Definitions

  • the invention has for its object the dust before the condensation of the oil, d. H. to be deposited above the dew point of the condensable hydrocarbons. This can be done by dedusting in the hot gas stream immediately after smoldering.
  • a reducing hot gas with the constituents nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, hydrogen and methane as well as small amounts of higher hydrocarbons generated by the combustion of natural gas at air deficiency cannot be treated with electrofiltration in the required temperature range, since the difference between corona threshold voltage and breakdown voltage increases is low.
  • this gas is used to smear oil shale and then contains higher condensable hydrocarbons and oil shale dust, it can be successfully subjected to electrofiltration at temperatures of 300 - 650 ° C.
  • the gas produced during smoldering can also be used as a heat transfer medium after it has been freed from the condensable constituents and heated either directly by partial combustion with an oxygen-containing gas or indirectly in a heat exchanger to a temperature above the smoldering temperature.
  • dust removal by electrofiltration is also possible if the heat necessary for the smoldering is used in a different way, e.g. B. by heated solids, through reactor walls, through the partial combustion of the remaining carbon on the slate, etc., if higher carbon dioxide is present in the carbonization gas in addition to dust. In these cases, a stable voltage field suitable for dust separation can be built up.
  • the temperatures at which the carbonization gas is passed through the electrostatic precipitators are between 300 and 650 ° C, usually over 400 ° C and preferably in the range of 470 -. - 550 ° C.
  • the gas speed is in the usual range between 0.5 and 3.0 m / s, the alley width is more in the lower range of the usual 50 - 100 mm.
  • the DC voltage applied to the filter is approximated in a manner known per se to the maximum possible breakdown voltage by slowly increasing to the flashover, H reduction after the flashover and renewed approximation to the flashover voltage.

Abstract

Aus Schwelgasen, insbesondere den bei der Verschwelung von Ölschiefer entstandenen, wird Staub durch Elektrofiltration bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Taupunktes der Ölbestandteile, insbesondere zwischen 470 °C und 550 °C abgeschieden.Smoldering gases, in particular those formed during the charring of oil shale, are used to remove dust by electrofiltration at temperatures above the dew point of the oil components, especially between 470 ° C and 550 ° C.

Description

Bei der Schwelung von Ölschiefer werden je nach der Korngröße des zur Schwelung eingesetzten Schiefers und dem Schwelverfahren mit dem Schwelgas mehr oder minder große Staubmengen aus dem Schwelreaktor ausgetragen und gelangen bei der nachfolgenden Kühlung und Kondensation in das öl. Die Staubmenge ist um so größer, je feiner der aufgegebene Schiefer gemahlen ist. Infolge seiner Feinheit ist die Entfernung des Staubes aus dem öl sehr aufwendig und führt zu einer Verminderung der ölausbeute.During the smoldering of oil shale, depending on the grain size of the shale used for smoldering and the smoldering process with the smoldering gas, more or less large amounts of dust are discharged from the smoldering reactor and get into the oil during the subsequent cooling and condensation. The finer the slate ground, the greater the amount of dust. Due to its fineness, the removal of dust from the oil is very complex and leads to a reduction in the oil yield.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Staub vor der Kondensation des öls, d. h. oberhalb des Taupunktes der kondensierbaren Kohlenwasserstoffe abzuscheiden. Dies kann dadurch erfolgen, daß die Entstaubung unmittelbar nach der Schwelung im heißen Gasstrom erfolgt.The invention has for its object the dust before the condensation of the oil, d. H. to be deposited above the dew point of the condensable hydrocarbons. This can be done by dedusting in the hot gas stream immediately after smoldering.

Die Entstaubung von Schwelgasen mittels Zyklonen ist bekannt, hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß Feinstäube nur sehr unvollkommen abgetrennt werden könne. Bei der elektrostatischen Abscheidung von Stäuben aus Verbrennungsgas nimmt bei steigender Gastemperatur die Differenz zwischen Koronaeinsatz- und Uberschlagspannung ab. Manche Gase, z. B. die im Temperaturbereich 310 °C bis 350 °C durch Elektro-Entstaubung nicht zu reinigenden Abgase einer Anlage, in der Zementrohmehl mit den Abgasen eines Ofens vorgewärmt wird, lassen sich bei höheren Temperaturen, z. B. 400 °C bis 420 °C durch Elektrofilter entstauben. Dies ist jedoch nicht der Fall bei schwelgasähnlichen reduzierenden Gasen im interessanten Bereich über 300 °C.The dedusting of carbonization gases by means of cyclones is known, but has the disadvantage that fine dust can only be separated off very incompletely. In the electrostatic separation of dusts from combustion gas, the difference between corona and Uber increases with increasing gas temperature impact voltage. Some gases, e.g. B. in the temperature range 310 ° C to 350 ° C by electro-dedusting not to be cleaned exhaust gases of a system in which raw cement is preheated with the exhaust gases of a furnace, can be used at higher temperatures, e.g. B. dust 400 ° C to 420 ° C by electrostatic precipitator. However, this is not the case with smoldering gas-like reducing gases in the interesting range above 300 ° C.

Ein durch die Verbrennung von Erdgas bei Luftunterschuß erzeugtes reduzierendes heißes Gas mit den Bestandteilen Stickstoff, Kohlendioxid, Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserdampf, Wasserstoff und Methan sowie geringe Mengen höherer Kohlenwasserstoffe, kann im erforderlichen Temperaturbereich nicht mit Elektrofiltration behandelt werden, da die Differenz zwischen Koronaeinsatzspannung und Überschlagspannung zu gering ist. Wird dieses Gas jedoch zur Schwelung von Ölschiefer verwendet und enthält dann zusätzlich höhere kondensierbare Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie ölschieferstaub, so kann es mit Erfolg bei Temperaturen von 300 - 650 °C der Elektrofiltration unterworfen werden.A reducing hot gas with the constituents nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, hydrogen and methane as well as small amounts of higher hydrocarbons generated by the combustion of natural gas at air deficiency cannot be treated with electrofiltration in the required temperature range, since the difference between corona threshold voltage and breakdown voltage increases is low. However, if this gas is used to smear oil shale and then contains higher condensable hydrocarbons and oil shale dust, it can be successfully subjected to electrofiltration at temperatures of 300 - 650 ° C.

Statt Erdgas kann auch das bei der Schwelung entstandene Gas als Wärmeträger eingesetzt werden, nachdem es von den kondensierbaren Bestandteilen befreit und entweder direkt durch teilweise Verbrennung mit einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas oder indirekt in einem Wärmeaustauscher auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Schweltemperatur erhitzt wurde. Ferner ist eine Staubentfernung durch Elektrofiltration auch möglich, wenn die zur Schwelung notwendige Wärme auf eine andere Weise wie z. B. durch erhitzte Feststoffe, durch Reaktorwände, durch das teilweise Verbrennen des auf dem Schiefer verbliebenen Kohlenstoffs usw. zugeführt wird, wenn in dem entstandenen Schwelgas neben Staub höhere kondensierbare Kohlenwasserstoffe enthalten sind. In diesen Fällen läßt sich ein stabiles, für eine Staubabscheidung geeignetes Spannungsfeld aufbauen.Instead of natural gas, the gas produced during smoldering can also be used as a heat transfer medium after it has been freed from the condensable constituents and heated either directly by partial combustion with an oxygen-containing gas or indirectly in a heat exchanger to a temperature above the smoldering temperature. Furthermore, dust removal by electrofiltration is also possible if the heat necessary for the smoldering is used in a different way, e.g. B. by heated solids, through reactor walls, through the partial combustion of the remaining carbon on the slate, etc., if higher carbon dioxide is present in the carbonization gas in addition to dust. In these cases, a stable voltage field suitable for dust separation can be built up.

Die Temperaturen, bei denen das Schwelgas durch die Elektrofilter geführt wird, liegen zwischen 300 und 650 °C, in der Regel über 400 °C und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 470 - .- 550 °C. Die Gasgeschwindigkeit liegt im üblichen Rahmen zwischen 0,5 und 3,0 m/s, die Gassenweite liegt eher im unteren Bereich des üblichen bei 50 - 100 mm.The temperatures at which the carbonization gas is passed through the electrostatic precipitators are between 300 and 650 ° C, usually over 400 ° C and preferably in the range of 470 -. - 550 ° C. The gas speed is in the usual range between 0.5 and 3.0 m / s, the alley width is more in the lower range of the usual 50 - 100 mm.

Die am Filter anliegende Gleichspannung wird in an sich bekannter Weise der maximal möglichen überschlagspannung angenähert durch langsames Ansteigen bis zum überschlag, Her- absetzung nach dem Uberschlag und erneute Annäherung an die Uberschlagspannung.The DC voltage applied to the filter is approximated in a manner known per se to the maximum possible breakdown voltage by slowly increasing to the flashover, H reduction after the flashover and renewed approximation to the flashover voltage.

Auf diese Weise wurden die bei der Schwelung von Schandelah- ölschiefer enthaltenen Schwelgase bei Temperaturen von 350 - 550 °C bei einer Gassenweite von 65 mm und einer mittleren Spannung von 30 000 V bei einer Staubbeladung von 6 - 11 g/m3N mit Abscheidegraden von z. T. von mehr als 85 % gereinigt.In this way, the smoldering gases contained in the smoldering of schandelah oil shale at temperatures of 350 - 550 ° C with an aisle width of 65 mm and an average voltage of 30,000 V with a dust load of 6 - 11 g / m 3 N with degrees of separation from Z. T. cleaned of more than 85%.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren muß darauf geachtet werden, daß die Temperatur des Filters so hoch gehalten wird, daß keine ölkondensation auftritt, da die sich dann bildende ölschicht - evtl. durch den sich darauf niederschlagenden Staub - elektrisch leitend ist und an den Elektroisolierungen Stromdurchschläge verursachen kann. Dem kann eine zusätzliche Beheizung der Isolatoren entgegenwirken.In the method according to the invention, care must be taken that the temperature of the filter is kept so high that oil condensation does not occur, since the oil layer then formed - possibly due to the dust depositing thereon - is electrically conductive and can cause electrical breakdowns on the electrical insulation . Additional heating of the insulators can counteract this.

Claims (2)

1. Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Staub aus Schwelgasen, insbesondere bei der Verschwelung von ölschiefer entstandenen Gasen, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Schwelgase oberhalb des Taupunktes ihrer ölbestandteile einer Elektrofiltration unterworfen werden. 1st Process for separating dust from carbonization gases, in particular during the carbonization of gases produced in oil shale, characterized in that the carbonization gases are subjected to an electrofiltration above the dew point of their oil components. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Elektrofiltration bei Temperaturen über 350 °C, insbesondere zwischen 470 und 550 °C erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrofiltration takes place at temperatures above 350 ° C, in particular between 470 and 550 ° C.
EP81104563A 1980-06-25 1981-06-13 Process for removing dust from distillation gases Expired EP0049325B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3023727 1980-06-25
DE19803023727 DE3023727A1 (en) 1980-06-25 1980-06-25 METHOD FOR SEPARATING DUST FROM SMOKE GASES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049325A2 true EP0049325A2 (en) 1982-04-14
EP0049325A3 EP0049325A3 (en) 1982-05-19
EP0049325B1 EP0049325B1 (en) 1985-09-18

Family

ID=6105405

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EP81104563A Expired EP0049325B1 (en) 1980-06-25 1981-06-13 Process for removing dust from distillation gases

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US4365976A (en)
EP (1) EP0049325B1 (en)
AU (1) AU542498B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8103973A (en)
DE (2) DE3023727A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8203239A1 (en)
JO (1) JO1114B1 (en)
MA (1) MA19165A1 (en)
YU (1) YU40873B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2583753A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-24 Enefit Outotec Technology Oü Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapour gas mixture

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2583754B1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2015-05-13 Enefit Outotec Technology Oü Process and apparatus for winning oil from a vapor gas mixture
KR20140144850A (en) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-22 주식회사 시알아이 Evaporation System of Volatile Matter for Recycling of Extracted Oil Shale Residue and Recycling Method Using Thereof
CN105964406A (en) * 2016-07-13 2016-09-28 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 Electrical dust removal equipment and electrical dust removal system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR609932A (en) * 1925-06-26 1926-08-26 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Process for the electrical separation of dust, in particular in installations for the distillation of coal at low temperature
DE537711C (en) * 1928-05-19 1931-11-06 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Process for the electrical dedusting of tar-containing carbonization gases

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US2356717A (en) * 1942-12-15 1944-08-22 Standard Oil Dev Co Recovery of finely divided solid materials
US2659449A (en) * 1950-04-03 1953-11-17 California Portland Cement Co Humidifying system for dust and fume collection by electrical precipitation
US2759877A (en) * 1952-03-18 1956-08-21 Sinclair Refining Co Process and separation apparatus for use in the conversions of hydrocarbons
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GB1128813A (en) * 1965-05-08 1968-10-02 Lodge Cottrell Ltd Improvements in or relating to electro precipitation
US3989482A (en) * 1971-06-11 1976-11-02 Polysius Ag Method for the removal of dust from exhaust gases
DE2129111B2 (en) * 1971-06-11 1973-10-11 Polysius Ag, 4723 Neubeckum Device for direct heat exchange between furnace gases and raw material, especially cement raw meal
DE2724372C2 (en) * 1977-05-28 1986-02-13 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Process for conditioning bypass gases

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR609932A (en) * 1925-06-26 1926-08-26 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Process for the electrical separation of dust, in particular in installations for the distillation of coal at low temperature
DE537711C (en) * 1928-05-19 1931-11-06 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Process for the electrical dedusting of tar-containing carbonization gases

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2583753A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-24 Enefit Outotec Technology Oü Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapour gas mixture
WO2013057009A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Enefit Outotec Technology Oü Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapor gas mixture
AU2012325114B2 (en) * 2011-10-21 2015-11-26 Enefit Outotec Technology Oue Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapor gas mixture
US9221062B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-12-29 Enefit Outotec Technology Oü Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapor gas mixture
EA027224B1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2017-07-31 Энефит Оутотек Текнолоджи Ою Process and apparatus for dedusting a vapor gas mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU542498B2 (en) 1985-02-21
US4365976A (en) 1982-12-28
DE3172319D1 (en) 1985-10-24
ES502889A0 (en) 1982-04-01
AU7167181A (en) 1982-01-07
YU40873B (en) 1986-06-30
ES8203239A1 (en) 1982-04-01
BR8103973A (en) 1982-03-09
DE3023727A1 (en) 1982-01-21
EP0049325B1 (en) 1985-09-18
EP0049325A3 (en) 1982-05-19
YU111381A (en) 1983-09-30
JO1114B1 (en) 1982-07-10
MA19165A1 (en) 1981-12-31

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