EP0046382A1 - Einstecken oder Verankern von Gegenständen im Boden - Google Patents

Einstecken oder Verankern von Gegenständen im Boden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046382A1
EP0046382A1 EP81303708A EP81303708A EP0046382A1 EP 0046382 A1 EP0046382 A1 EP 0046382A1 EP 81303708 A EP81303708 A EP 81303708A EP 81303708 A EP81303708 A EP 81303708A EP 0046382 A1 EP0046382 A1 EP 0046382A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
tool
line
anchoring member
anchoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81303708A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Alsop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0046382A1 publication Critical patent/EP0046382A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/803—Ground anchors with pivotable anchoring members

Definitions

  • a known method of preventing erosion of the sea-bed around the feet of structures such as oil rigs is to plant a bed of artificial reeds or fronds around the feet. Such beds can also be planted in coastal waters to prevent erosion of the coast by creating artificial sandbank barriers, or by stabilising existing sandbanks.
  • the fronds or reeds are first secured at spaced intervals to a matting, and this matting is then staked to the sea-bed.
  • the matting is expensive, and a further problem with this system has been that of underwater currents producing vortices around the edges of the matting which progressively erode the sand from beneath the matting.
  • the matting can then be subjected to a considerable lifting force which is difficult to control and which may eventually overcome the retention force of the stakes.
  • a method of staking or anchoring an object to the ground characterized in that the method comprises connecting the object to one end of a flexible line, engaging the other end of the line with a mechanical driving tool, forcibly driving the tool into the ground until a predetermined length of the line is embedded below ground level, disengaging the tool from.the line, and extracting the tool from the ground.
  • artificial fronds may be anchored individually in the sea-bed without the need for matting.
  • the invention is also capable of achieving higher retention forces than conventional stakes, piles or screw anchors, and is therefore of wide application.
  • the anchor line may comprise a synthetic web or strap which is bent, folded, looped or otherwise deformed at one end to provide a tool-engaging surface.
  • the tool-engaging surface may be formed, for example, by knotting the end of the web or strap to provide a cup or loop which not only receives the driving tool but also acts as a ground anchor for the anchor line. This can provide a retention force in the region of 150 kilogrammes, which is adequate for anchoring a single frond.
  • the web or strap includes thermoplastic or thermosetting materials
  • the cup or loop can be completed by bonding together overlapping portions of the web or strap using heat and pressure.
  • a single end loop can be divided into two equal loops projecting either side of the line, and each of these two side loops can then be compressed and bonded by applying heat and pressure to provide a pair of wing flaps.
  • the end of the anchor line is provided with at least one anchoring member at least a portion of which is pivotable between a first position offering minimum resistance to movement of the line through the ground and a second position transverse to the first position.
  • the anchoring member is then maintained in its first position while being driven into the ground, but is automatically rotated to its second position as soon as the tool is removed and a lifting force is applied to the line.
  • the anchoring member may comprise, for example, a separate plate attached to the end of the line and provided with a tool-engaging surface.
  • it may comprise a stake having at least one pair of opposed blades, each blade being pivotable between a first closed position lying generally parallel to the stake and a second open position extending outwardly from the stake.
  • the other end of the anchor line can be secured to the object being staked by means of a tie-knot or in any other convenient manner.
  • the line when secured to an object such as a frond, the line may be driven sufficiently into the ground for the tie-knot to provide an additional anchoring effect just below the surface of the sea-bed.
  • the driving tool will generally include an elongate shaft with a shaped head for engaging the tool-engaging surface and for penetrating the ground.
  • the driving force may be applied, for example, by a pneumatic or hydraulic hammer, or it may be applied manually. In the latter case, penetration of the driving tool into the ground is preferably facilitated by directing a jet of pressurized liquid into the ground in advance of the driving tool.
  • the pressurized liquid may be fed through the driving tool itself and ejected from nozzles provided in the head of the tool.
  • a flexible anchor line 10 in the form of a synthetic web or strap is threaded through the slots 11 and 12 of an anchor plate 13.
  • the web or strap 10 may consist, for example, of a polyester fibre encased in alkathene.
  • the plate 13 includes a hook 14 which, in use, is engaged by a driving tool so that the plate 13 and strap 10 can be power driven into the ground (in the direction shown by the arrow) with the strap 10 lying substantially parallel to the plate 13 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the driving tool is extracted. If the strap 10 is then pulled in the reverse direction in an attempt to lift the plate 13 out of the ground, the reaction force on the end face 40 and the lifting force applied to the line combine to provide a moment tending to rotate the plate anti-clockwise (as viewed in Fig. 1) until it eventually reaches a position transverse to the line. In this position the force required to pull the plate 13 out of the ground is substantially increased. It has been found that, with a 10 cm. plate, such a system can provide a retention force of up to 600 kilogrammes, this being greater than the tensile strength of the strap 10. Moreover, the full anchoring effect is obtained immediately the tool is removed, and there is virtually no reverse movement of the anchor strap once it has been anchored.
  • the free end 15 of the strap 10 is secured in any desired manner to the object being staked or anchored. This may be done either before or after the anchor plate 13 is driven into the ground. In particular, the end 15 may be secured to a single bundle of fronds when planting a bed of fronds in the sea-bed. Alternatively, the end 15 might be attached at spaced intervals to the wires or ropes threaded through.the discrete blocks of a flexible concrete mat used for lining the banks of waterways, canals, embankments and shorelines.
  • a particular advantage of the latter application is that the straps 10, when embedded in the bank, provide ties which reinforce and hold together the bank soil. Moreover such mats are normally secured by means of screw anchors, the time required to secure each anchor being in the region of 10 to 15 mins. In contrast, the anchor of Fig. 1 can be secured in about 3 seconds.
  • the driving tool illustrated in Fig. 3 is for use with a pneumatic hammer. It consists of a solid metal rod 16 having a flattened end 17 which engages behind the hook 14 of the anchor plate 13 (Fig. 1). The other end of the rod 16 is formed with a square-section solid block 18. To secure the tool to the anvil of a pneumatic hammer, the block 18 is inserted into one end of the bore 19 of a box-section coupling member 20. The other end of the bore 19 receives the hammer anvil so that blows imparted to the anvil by a reciprocating hammer are transmitted to the block 18. The tool is retained in the coupling 20 by means of a retaining member 22 (Fig. 6) held in place by a split pin 21 (Fig. 5).
  • the retaining member 22 has been omitted from Fig. 5 but, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 6, it consists of a cross-piece 24 connected to a pair of upstanding spaced apart pins 25 by a flat plate 23.
  • the cross-piece 24 engages behind a pair of flanges 27 depending from the coupling member, while the two pins 25 receive the rod 16 and locate behind the block 18 at the end of the rod.
  • the alternative driving tool illustrated in Fig. 7 consists simply of a hollow tube 30 with a handle 31 and with a cross-piece 32 containing three jet nozzles 33. Bracing struts 34 are also provided.
  • the cross-piece 32 engages behind the hook 14 of the anchor plate 13 (Fig. 1), and high pressure water is fed into the tube 30 from a high pressure line 35. The resulting jets. of water emerge in the direction shown by the arrows and cut away the soil immediately in front of the anchor plate as the anchor plate is manually pushed into the ground by pressing on the handle 31.
  • the flexible anchor line may be attached to an anchoring member such as that illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • the anchoring member of Figs. 8 and 9 consists essentially of a stake 50 in the form of a solid metal bar pointed at one end.
  • a pair of eyes 51 are welded to the stake for attachment to the flexible anchor line.
  • a pair of opposed blades 52 are pivotably mounted on respective pins 53 extending between a pair of metal plates 54 welded to opposing faces of the stake.
  • the blades 52 are curved and can pivot from the closed position shown in full outline in Fig. 8 to the open or extended position shown in dashed outline. When in their closed position, the blades are inclined at about 5° to the stake and therefore offer minimum resistance to movement of the stake through the ground.
  • the stake is preferably driven into the ground to a depth of at least 3 metres using an electrically controlled hydraulically actuated percussive hammer and a driving tool similar to that illustrated in Figs. 3 to'6 except that the blade 17 is replaced by a socket capable of receiving the top end of the stake 50.
EP81303708A 1980-08-15 1981-08-14 Einstecken oder Verankern von Gegenständen im Boden Withdrawn EP0046382A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8026617 1980-08-15
GB8026617 1980-08-15
GB8040142 1980-12-15
GB8040142 1980-12-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046382A1 true EP0046382A1 (de) 1982-02-24

Family

ID=26276570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81303708A Withdrawn EP0046382A1 (de) 1980-08-15 1981-08-14 Einstecken oder Verankern von Gegenständen im Boden

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0046382A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR673138A (fr) * 1928-04-16 1930-01-10 Système d'ancrage pour câbles
US2340447A (en) * 1941-02-10 1944-02-01 John Earl Koester Expanding land anchor
FR2031804A5 (de) * 1969-02-07 1970-11-20 Menard Tech Louis
US4003169A (en) * 1974-12-12 1977-01-18 Young Ii Elliott B Anchor system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR673138A (fr) * 1928-04-16 1930-01-10 Système d'ancrage pour câbles
US2340447A (en) * 1941-02-10 1944-02-01 John Earl Koester Expanding land anchor
FR2031804A5 (de) * 1969-02-07 1970-11-20 Menard Tech Louis
US4003169A (en) * 1974-12-12 1977-01-18 Young Ii Elliott B Anchor system

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19830203