EP0045932B1 - Method for shortening the heatingtime of an indirectly heated cathode - Google Patents

Method for shortening the heatingtime of an indirectly heated cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0045932B1
EP0045932B1 EP81106086A EP81106086A EP0045932B1 EP 0045932 B1 EP0045932 B1 EP 0045932B1 EP 81106086 A EP81106086 A EP 81106086A EP 81106086 A EP81106086 A EP 81106086A EP 0045932 B1 EP0045932 B1 EP 0045932B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cathode
control cylinder
bias voltage
heating
base plate
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EP81106086A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0045932A2 (en
EP0045932A3 (en
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Eberhard Weiss
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • H01J1/22Heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for shortening the heating time of an indirectly heated cathode for cathode ray tubes such as oscillograph, television and color television picture tubes, in which an electron-emitting layer is located on the outside of a base plate of a cathode tube, which is directly through a arranged inside the cathode tube heated three-pole system is excited to emission, and wherein the inside of the bottom plate of the cathode tube serves as an anode of the three-pole system.
  • an indirectly heated cathode for cathode ray tubes such as oscillograph, television and color television picture tubes
  • the heat source consists of a coiled heating wire which is designed as a double helix or folded in a hairpin shape and covered with an insulating layer consisting essentially of aluminum oxide and is then pushed into the cathode tube.
  • an insulating layer consisting essentially of aluminum oxide and is then pushed into the cathode tube.
  • heavy metal particles are embedded in the insulating aluminum oxide, which give the insulating material the desired radiator properties and a dark color. Examples show DE-AS 23 17 445, 23 17 446 and 23 64 403. With heaters constructed in this way, the heating-up time of the cathode-ray tubes equipped with them could be shortened considerably.
  • DE-OS 29 38 248 proposes to make the distribution of the heating wire windings and / or the insulating material inside the cathode tube so uneven that the center of gravity is very close to the bottom plate of the cathode tube and so the emission layer heats up more quickly.
  • a cathode in which the electron-emitting layer is heated by an electron beam.
  • the cathode is designed as a three-pole system, which consists of a filament, a control cylinder surrounding it and a cover with an attached hollow cone cathode.
  • the cover has a hole in the region of the hollow cone cathode, so that the electron beam of the filament focused by the control cylinder hits the hollow cone cathode on the inside.
  • Very high electron beam densities can be achieved with the known cathode, a heating power of approximately 50 watts and an acceleration voltage of approximately 9000 volts being required, and a positive voltage of 4000 volts being applied to the control cylinder.
  • the operating temperature of the hollow cone cathode is then 2800 Kelvin, which is why water cooling is proposed for the cathode. No information is given on the heating time achieved for this cathode.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for rapid heating of a cathode with a three-pole system, which can be used in cathode ray tubes for television sets.
  • the negative bias of a control cylinder of the three-pole system is reduced from a potential value O or a predetermined negative potential value, based on the potential of a filament of the three-pole system, to a lower negative potential final value and so that the beam current of the three-pole system is reduced so that the emitting layer on the outside of the base plate of the cathode tube receives the desired operating temperature value without overshoot.
  • the increase in the negative bias voltage can be generated in a simple manner in that the voltage source for the negative bias voltage has a high source resistance and when it is switched on a capacitor is connected in parallel, from which the negative bias voltage for the control cylinder is removed.
  • 1 now denotes the Wehnelt cylinder, the position of which is fixed via supporting webs, not shown, which are melted into the glass-ceramic rods carrying the entire system structure.
  • a holder tube 3 In the interior of the Wehnelt cylinder 1, one end of a holder tube 3 is fastened by means of an insulating ring 2 made of glass, glass ceramic or ceramic, with the other, free end of which the cathode tube 4 is connected at points, the end of which facing the Wehnelt cylinder base is closed with a cathode cap 5 made of cathode nickel which then carries the emissive layer 6.
  • control cylinder 7 is now inserted coaxially to the cathode tube 4, in the interior of which a heating filament 8 is arranged at connections (10) located in an insulating disk 9.
  • Filament 8 control cylinder 7 and the inside of the cathode cap 5 now form a directly heated three-pole tube system in which the control cylinder 7 as a control electrode with respect to the filament 8 receives a negative bias and the cathode cap 5 as an anode with respect to the filament 8 receives a positive anode voltage.
  • the electron current emerging from the filament depending on the level of the negative control electrode voltage, is accelerated towards the anode, strikes it and is fully converted into heat as anode power dissipation, since no useful power is drawn from this system.
  • the present three-pole tube structure shows the following special feature compared to a conventional triode system.
  • the control electrode of this three-pole system here does not consist of a wire spiral connected by one or more wire bridges, as in the conventional amplifier tube triode systems, but of a control cylinder 7 coaxial with the cathode tube.
  • the field distribution that forms at the exit of this control cylinder creates an acceleration electron lens that converts the electrons into a narrow beam and directs to the center of the bottom plate of the cathode tube 4 formed by the cathode cap 5, that is to a point which is exactly opposite the bore in the Wehnelt cylinder 1.
  • the area to which heat is emitted can therefore be kept considerably smaller than with the conventional indirectly heated cathodes.
  • cathode tube 4 For the formation of the cathode tube 4, it is irrelevant whether the end facing the Wehnelt cylinder 1 is now closed with a cathode cap 5 made of cathode nickel, as shown in the figure, or whether a base made of cathode nickel, as shown in FIG Figure of DE-AS 28 13 504 shows, or whether according to DE-OS 26 54 554 cathode tubes 4 and cathode cap 5 are made in one piece from an alloy which on the one hand does not adversely affect the emission mass but on the other hand also has the desired poor thermal conductivity, to keep the heat loss low.
  • the heating voltage V H of each system was approximately 2 volts and the heating current averaged 100 mA.
  • the anode voltage V A was approximately 800 volts and the anode current averaged 0.75 mA.
  • the control cylinder preload -V G could be adjusted between 0 and -100V compared to the center of the filament.
  • the previous color picture tubes require a heating current of around 250 mA at 6.3 V heating voltage, i.e.
  • the heating time of a cathode is approximately that Reduce half to a fifth of the usual time with a simultaneous reduction in heating power to about half. Since the thermal load on the system is considerably reduced by the reduced heating power, the convergence problems caused by the influence of heat are considerably reduced.

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  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Verkürzen der Anheizzeit einer indirekt geheizten Kathode für Kathodenstrahlröhren wie Oszillographen-, Fernseh- und Farbfernsehbildröhren, bei der sich auf der Außenseite einer Bodenplatte eines Kathodenröhrchens eine Elektronen emittierende Schicht befindet, die durch ein innerhalb des Kathodenröhrchens angeordnetes direkt geheiztes Dreipolsystem zur Emission angeregt wird, und wobei die Innenseite der Bodenplatte des Kathodenröhrchens als Anode des Dreipolsystems dient.The invention relates to a method for shortening the heating time of an indirectly heated cathode for cathode ray tubes such as oscillograph, television and color television picture tubes, in which an electron-emitting layer is located on the outside of a base plate of a cathode tube, which is directly through a arranged inside the cathode tube heated three-pole system is excited to emission, and wherein the inside of the bottom plate of the cathode tube serves as an anode of the three-pole system.

Bei üblichen Kathoden besteht die Wärmequelle aus einem gewendelten Heizdraht, der als Doppelwendel ausgebildet oder haarnadelförmig gefaltet und mit einer im wesentlichen aus Aluminiumoxid bestehenden Isolierschicht bedeckt und dann in das Kathodenröhrchen eingeschoben ist. Um solchen Heizern angenähert die Eigenschaften eines schwarzen Strahlers zu geben, sind in das isolierende Aluminiumoxid Schwermetallpartikelchen eingebettet, die der Isoliermasse die gewünschten Strahlereigenschaften und eine dunkle Farbe geben. Beispiele zeigen die DE-AS 23 17 445, 23 17 446 und 23 64 403. Mit derart aufgebauten Heizern konnte die Anheizzeit der mit ihnen ausgerüsteten Kathodenstrahlröhren wesentlich verkürzt werden. Um eine weitere Verkürzung der Anheizzeit zu erzielen, werden nach der DE-OS 26 54 553 Wärmeleitbleche im Innern des Kathodenrohres vorgesehen. Die DE-OS 29 38 248 schlägt dann vor, die Verteilung der Heizdrahtwindungen und/oder der Isoliermasse im Innern des Kathodenrohres so ungleichmäßig vorzunehmen, daß der Wärmeschwerpunkt sehr nahe der Bodenplatte des Kathodenröhrchens liegt und so eine schnellere Erwärmung der Emissionsschicht erfolgt.In conventional cathodes, the heat source consists of a coiled heating wire which is designed as a double helix or folded in a hairpin shape and covered with an insulating layer consisting essentially of aluminum oxide and is then pushed into the cathode tube. In order to give such heaters approximately the properties of a black radiator, heavy metal particles are embedded in the insulating aluminum oxide, which give the insulating material the desired radiator properties and a dark color. Examples show DE-AS 23 17 445, 23 17 446 and 23 64 403. With heaters constructed in this way, the heating-up time of the cathode-ray tubes equipped with them could be shortened considerably. In order to achieve a further reduction in the heating time, heat conducting plates are provided in the interior of the cathode tube according to DE-OS 26 54 553. DE-OS 29 38 248 then proposes to make the distribution of the heating wire windings and / or the insulating material inside the cathode tube so uneven that the center of gravity is very close to the bottom plate of the cathode tube and so the emission layer heats up more quickly.

Eine weitere Wärmequellenart besteht 'darin, daß von einem blanken Heizdraht eine Wärmestrahlung erzeugt wird, die auf ein die Emissionsschicht tragendes Plättchen gerichtet wird und so dort die Emissionsschicht zur Emission anregt. Beispiele hierfür beschreiben die DE-OS 26 14 270 und 28 35 489.Another Wärmequellenart is' is that a radiant heat generated from a heater bare wire which is directed to an emission layer carrying plate and so there stimulates the emission layer to the emission. Examples of this are described in DE-OS 26 14 270 and 28 35 489.

Beide bekannte Ausführungsformen der Wärmequelle lassen entweder nur eine begrenzte Verkürzung der Anheizzeit zu oder weisen einen unbefriedigenden Wirkungsgrad auf.Both known embodiments of the heat source either only allow a limited reduction in the heating time or have an unsatisfactory efficiency.

Aus der DE-A-15 89 941 ist eine Kathode bekannt, bei der die Aufheizung der Elektronen emittierenden Schicht durch einen Elektronenstrahl geschieht. Die Kathode ist dazu als Dreipolsystem ausgebildet, das aus einem Heizfaden, einem diesen umgebenden Steuerzylinder und einem Deckel mit einer aufgesetzten Hohlkegelkathode besteht. Der Deckel weist im Bereich der Hohlkegelkathode ein Loch auf, so daß der vom Steuerzylinder fokussierte Elektronenstrahl des Heizfadens die Hohlkegelkathode innen trifft.From DE-A-15 89 941 a cathode is known in which the electron-emitting layer is heated by an electron beam. For this purpose, the cathode is designed as a three-pole system, which consists of a filament, a control cylinder surrounding it and a cover with an attached hollow cone cathode. The cover has a hole in the region of the hollow cone cathode, so that the electron beam of the filament focused by the control cylinder hits the hollow cone cathode on the inside.

Mit der bekannten Kathode können sehr hohe Elektronenstrahldichten erzielt werden, wobei eine Heizleistung von etwa 50 Watt und eine Beschleunigungsspannung von etwa 9000 Volt erforderlich ist und am Steuerzylinder eine positive Spannung von 4000 Volt anliegt. Es stellt sich dann eine Betriebstemperatur der Hohlkegelkathode von 2800 Kelvin ein, weshalb für die Kathode eine Wasserkühlung vorgeschlagen wird. Angaben über die erreichte Anheizzeit dieser Kathode werden nicht gemacht.Very high electron beam densities can be achieved with the known cathode, a heating power of approximately 50 watts and an acceleration voltage of approximately 9000 volts being required, and a positive voltage of 4000 volts being applied to the control cylinder. The operating temperature of the hollow cone cathode is then 2800 Kelvin, which is why water cooling is proposed for the cathode. No information is given on the heating time achieved for this cathode.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum schnellen Anheizen einer Kathode mit einem Dreipolsystem anzugeben, die in Kathodenstrahlröhren für Fernsehgeräte eingesetzt werden kann.The present invention has for its object to provide a method for rapid heating of a cathode with a three-pole system, which can be used in cathode ray tubes for television sets.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt dadurch, daß nach dem Einschalten des Gerätes die negative Vorspannung eines Steuerzylinders des Dreipolsystems von einem Potentialwert O oder einem vorgegebenen negativen Potentialwert, bezogen auf das Potential eines Heizfadens des Dreipolsystems, derart auf einen niedrigeren negativen Potential-Endwert erniedrigt wird und damit der Strahlstrom des Dreipolsystems erniedrigt wird, daß die emittierende Schicht auf der Außenseite der Bodenplatte des Kathodenröhrchens ohne Überschwingen den gewünschten Betriebstemperaturwert erhält. Der Anstieg der negativen Vorspannung kann auf einfache Weise dadurch erzeugt werden, daß die Spannungsquelle für die negative Vorspannung einen hohen Quellwiderstand aufweist und ihr beim Einschalten ein Kondensator parallel geschaltet wird, an dem die negative Vorspannung für den Steuerzylinder abgenommen wird.This object is achieved in that after switching on the device, the negative bias of a control cylinder of the three-pole system is reduced from a potential value O or a predetermined negative potential value, based on the potential of a filament of the three-pole system, to a lower negative potential final value and so that the beam current of the three-pole system is reduced so that the emitting layer on the outside of the base plate of the cathode tube receives the desired operating temperature value without overshoot. The increase in the negative bias voltage can be generated in a simple manner in that the voltage source for the negative bias voltage has a high source resistance and when it is switched on a capacitor is connected in parallel, from which the negative bias voltage for the control cylinder is removed.

Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines in der Figur dargestellten Beispieles eingehend beschrieben werden, wobei die Figur einen Schnitt durch eine Kathode mit Kathodenröhrchen mit auf dessen Bodenplatte aufgebrachter Emissionsschicht und darum angeordnetem Wehneltzylinder zeigt.The invention will now be described in detail with reference to an example shown in the figure, the figure showing a section through a cathode with cathode tubes with an emission layer applied to its base plate and a Wehnelt cylinder arranged around it.

In der Figur ist nun mit 1 der Wehneltzylinder bezeichnet der über nicht dargestellte Tragstege, die in den ganzen Systemaufbau tragenden Glaskeramikstäben eingeschmolzen sind, in seiner Lage fixiert ist. Im Innern des Wehneltzylinders 1 ist mittels eines Isolierringes 2 aus Glas, Glaskeramik oder Keramik das eine Ende eines Halterrohrs 3 befestigt, mit dessem anderen, freien Ende punktweise das Kathodenröhrchen 4.verbunden ist, dessen dem Wehneltzylinderboden zugewandtes Ende mit einer Kathodenkappe 5 aus Kathodennickel verschlossen ist, die dann die emittierende Schicht 6 trägt.In the figure, 1 now denotes the Wehnelt cylinder, the position of which is fixed via supporting webs, not shown, which are melted into the glass-ceramic rods carrying the entire system structure. In the interior of the Wehnelt cylinder 1, one end of a holder tube 3 is fastened by means of an insulating ring 2 made of glass, glass ceramic or ceramic, with the other, free end of which the cathode tube 4 is connected at points, the end of which facing the Wehnelt cylinder base is closed with a cathode cap 5 made of cathode nickel which then carries the emissive layer 6.

In das Kathodenröhrchen 4 wurde bisher üblicherweise der mit einer Isolierschicht bedeckte Heizer eingeschoben und seine Anschlußenden mit im Isolierring 2 befestigten Haltestiften 11 verbunden. Im vorliegenden Fall wird nun zum Kathodenröhrchen 4 koaxial ein Steuerzylinder 7 eingeschoben in dessem Innern an in einer Isolierscheibe 9 befindlichem Anschlüssen (10) ein Heizfaden 8 angeordnet ist. Heizfaden 8, Steuerzylinder 7 und Innenseite der Kathodenkappe 5 bilden nun ein direkt geheiztes Dreipolröhrensystem bei dem der Steuerzylinder 7 als Steuerelektrode gegenüber dem Heizfaden 8 eine negative Vorspannung und die Kathodenkappe 5 als Anode gegenüber dem Heizfaden 8 eine positive Anodenspannung erhält. Wie bei den bekannten Elektronenröhren wird der aus dem Heizfaden in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der negativen Steuerelektrodenspannung austretende Elektronenstrom zur Anode hin beschleunigt, trifft auf diese auf und wird voll als Anodenverlustleistung in Wärme umgesetzt, da hier diesem System keine Nutzleistung entnommen wird.Up to now, the heater covered with an insulating layer has usually been inserted into the cathode tube 4 and its connecting ends have been connected to retaining pins 11 fastened in the insulating ring 2. In the present case, a control cylinder 7 is now inserted coaxially to the cathode tube 4, in the interior of which a heating filament 8 is arranged at connections (10) located in an insulating disk 9. Filament 8, control cylinder 7 and the inside of the cathode cap 5 now form a directly heated three-pole tube system in which the control cylinder 7 as a control electrode with respect to the filament 8 receives a negative bias and the cathode cap 5 as an anode with respect to the filament 8 receives a positive anode voltage. As with the known electron tubes, the electron current emerging from the filament, depending on the level of the negative control electrode voltage, is accelerated towards the anode, strikes it and is fully converted into heat as anode power dissipation, since no useful power is drawn from this system.

Obwohl die Wirkungsweise von Elektronenröhren als allgemein bekannt vorausgesetzt werden darf, sei u.A. auf das Buch von L. Ratheiser: "Rundfunkröhren" Berlin 1949 verwiesen. Der vorliegende Dreipolröhrenaufbau zeigt gegenüber einem üblichen Triodensystem im Aufbau folgende Besonderheit. Die Steuerelektrode dieses Dreipolsystems besteht hier nicht wie bei den üblichen Verstärkerröhrentriodensystemen aus einer durch ein oder mehrere Drahtstege verbundenen Drahtspirale sondern aus einem zum Kathodenröhrchen koaxialen Steuerzylinder 7. Durch die sich am Ausgange dieses Steuerzylinders ausbildende Feldverteilung entsteht eine Beschleunigungselektronenlinse, die die Elektronen zu einem schmalen Strahlbündel und auf die Mitte der durch die Kathodenkappe 5 gebildeten Bodenplatte des Kathodenröhrchens 4 lenkt, also auf eine Stelle, die der Bohrung im Wehneltzylinder 1 genau gegenüberliegt. Bei einer Wehneltkathode kann mithin die Fläche, der zur Emission Wärme zugeführt wird, erheblich kleiner gehalten werden als bei den herkömmlichen indirekt geheizten Kathoden. Wenn, wie bereits bisher üblich, für das Kathodenröhrchen 4 ein möglichst schlecht leitendes Material genommen wird, durch das die Wärmeabfuhr über das Kathodenröhrchen 4 klein gehalten werden kann, so läßt sich bei dem Aufbau in geradezu idealer Weise verwirklichen, daß nur die für den Betrieb einer Kathodenstrahlröhre unbedingt benötigte emittierende Fläche die heißeste Stelle des ganzen Kathodenaufbaues ist. Es lassen sich so geringe Wärmeverluste und damit ein guter Wirkungsgrad erzielen.Although the mode of operation of electron tubes can be assumed to be generally known, i.a. to the book by L. Ratheiser: "Rundfunkkröhren" Berlin 1949. The present three-pole tube structure shows the following special feature compared to a conventional triode system. The control electrode of this three-pole system here does not consist of a wire spiral connected by one or more wire bridges, as in the conventional amplifier tube triode systems, but of a control cylinder 7 coaxial with the cathode tube. The field distribution that forms at the exit of this control cylinder creates an acceleration electron lens that converts the electrons into a narrow beam and directs to the center of the bottom plate of the cathode tube 4 formed by the cathode cap 5, that is to a point which is exactly opposite the bore in the Wehnelt cylinder 1. With a Wehnelt cathode, the area to which heat is emitted can therefore be kept considerably smaller than with the conventional indirectly heated cathodes. If, as has been customary hitherto, a material which is as poorly conductive as possible is used for the cathode tube 4, by means of which the heat dissipation via the cathode tube 4 can be kept small, it can be realized in an almost ideal manner in the construction that only those for operation an emissive surface that is absolutely necessary is the hottest part of the whole cathode structure. In this way, low heat losses and thus good efficiency can be achieved.

Als Heizfaden 8 kann man alle aus der Verstärkerröhrentechnik bekannten Heizfäden einsetzen. Erwähnt seien als Beispiele nur:

  • 1: Der Bariumdampffaden, bei dem auf einen Wolframoxidfaden im Vakuum eine vorzüglich emissionsfähige Bariumschicht aufgedampft wird, weist bei einer Betriebstemperatur von etwa 750°C eine nutzbare Emission von ca. 70 mA/W auf.
  • 2: Der Bariumpastefaden, bei dem auf einen Wolfram - oder Nickel - oder aus einer Nickellegierung bestehenden Faden eine Bariumpaste aufgetragen und im Vakuum aktiviert wird, weist bei einer Betriebstemperatur von etwa 800°C eine nutzbare Emission von ca. 50 mA/W auf.
  • 3. Der thorierte Wolframfaden, bei dem dem Wolfram 1 ... 2% Thoriumoxid zugesetzt sind, aus dem in Vakuum eine molekularstarke gut emissionsfähige Thoriumhaut gebildet wird, weist bei einer Betriebstemperatur von etwa 1500°C eine nutzbare Emission von etwa 25 mA/ Watt auf.
As heating filament 8 one can use all heating filaments known from amplifier tube technology. The following are only examples:
  • 1: The barium vapor filament, in which an excellently emissive barium layer is vapor-deposited on a tungsten oxide filament, has a usable emission of approx. 70 mA / W at an operating temperature of approx. 750 ° C.
  • 2: The barium paste thread, in which a barium paste is applied to a thread consisting of tungsten or nickel or a nickel alloy and activated in a vacuum, has a usable emission of approx. 50 mA / W at an operating temperature of approximately 800 ° C.
  • 3. The thoriated tungsten thread, in which 1 ... 2% thorium oxide is added to the tungsten, from which a molecularly strong, highly emissive thorium skin is formed in vacuum has an usable emission of approximately 25 mA / watt at an operating temperature of approximately 1500 ° C on.

Weitere Materialien und Aktivierungszusätze für solche Heizfäden können der einschlägigen Literatur wie z.B. W. Espe: "Werkstoffkunde der Hochvakuumtechnik" Berlin 1959 und weiterem Schriftum der Röhrenhersteller entnommen werden.Further materials and activation additives for such filaments can be found in the relevant literature, e.g. W. Espe: "Materials science of high vacuum technology" Berlin 1959 and other documents from the tube manufacturers.

Für die Ausbildung des Kathodenröhrchens 4 ist es dabei ohne Belang, ob das dem Wehneltzylinder 1 zugekehrte Ende nun mit einer Kathodenkappe 5 aus Kathodennickel verschlossen ist, wie es die Figur zeigt, oder ob an dieser Stelle ein Boden aus Kathodennickel eingesetzt ist, wie es die Figur der DE-AS 28 13 504 zeigt, oder ob nach der DE-OS 26 54 554 Kathodenröhrchen 4 und Kathodenkappe 5 in einem Stück aus einer Legierung hergestellt sind, die einmal die Emissionsmasse nicht ungünstig beeinflußt aber andererseits auch das gewünschte schlechte Wärmeleitvermögen aufweist, um die Wärmeverluste gering zu halten.For the formation of the cathode tube 4, it is irrelevant whether the end facing the Wehnelt cylinder 1 is now closed with a cathode cap 5 made of cathode nickel, as shown in the figure, or whether a base made of cathode nickel, as shown in FIG Figure of DE-AS 28 13 504 shows, or whether according to DE-OS 26 54 554 cathode tubes 4 and cathode cap 5 are made in one piece from an alloy which on the one hand does not adversely affect the emission mass but on the other hand also has the desired poor thermal conductivity, to keep the heat loss low.

Bei für Versuchs- und Erprobungszwecke erstellten Musterfarbbildröhren betrug die Heizspannung VH jedes Systems etwa 2 Volt und der Heizstrom im Durchschnitt 100 mA. Die Anodenspannung VA betrug etwa 800 Volt und der Anodenstrom im Durchschnitt 0,75 mA. Die Steuerzylindervorspannung -VG ließ sich zwischen 0 und -100V gegenüber Heizfadenmitte einregeln. Für die Heizung der Kathode wurde also 800V x 0,75.10-3A = 0,6 Watt Anodenverlustleistung zuzüglich 2V x 0.1A = 0,2 Watt Speiseleistung des Heizfadens insgesamt also etwa 0,8 Watt je System aufgebracht. Die bisherigen Farbbildröhren benötigen bei 6,3V Heizspannung etwa 250 mA Heizstrom, mithin etwa 1,6W Heizleistung je System, also den doppelten Betrag. Es ergeben sich dabei für eine Bildröhre Anheizzeiten von 1,5 ... 2,5 Sekunden ab Einschaltendes Gerätes, wenn man die bei Fernsehempfängern übliche Stromversorgung über den Zeilentransformator und die dadurch bedingte Anschwingverzögerung usw. voraussetzt. Diese Zeit kann verkürzt werden, wenn die Versorgung des Steuerzylinders 7 so ausgelegt wird, daß nach Einschalten des Gerätes die negative Vorspannung vom Werte 0 bis zum benötigten negativen Endwert z.B. in etwa 1 s hochläuft. Dieses kann durch einen der Vorspannungsquelle für den Steuerzylinder parallel geschalteten Kondensator erfolgen, der infolge des verhältnismäßig hohen Quellwiderstandes sich erst langsam auflädt, sodaß hierdurch der Strahlstrom des Dreipolsystems entsprechend langsam von höheren Werten auf den Betriebswert einläuft. Durch geeignete Wahl der Zeitkonstante laßt sich erreichen, daß beim Einschalten die Temperatur der Emissionsfläche ohne Überschwingen beschleunigt auf ihren gewünschten Wert einläuft. Hierdurch läßt sich die Anheizzeit weiter bis auf etwa 1 Sekunde verkürzen.In the case of sample color picture tubes produced for experimental and test purposes, the heating voltage V H of each system was approximately 2 volts and the heating current averaged 100 mA. The anode voltage V A was approximately 800 volts and the anode current averaged 0.75 mA. The control cylinder preload -V G could be adjusted between 0 and -100V compared to the center of the filament. For heating the cathode x 0,75.10- 3 A therefore was 800V = 0.6 Watt anode dissipation plus 2V x 0.1A = 0.2 watt power supply of the filament ie a total of about 0.8 watts per system applied. The previous color picture tubes require a heating current of around 250 mA at 6.3 V heating voltage, i.e. around 1.6 W heating power per system, i.e. twice the amount. This results in heating times of 1.5 ... 2.5 seconds from switching on the device for a picture tube, if one assumes the usual power supply for television receivers via the line transformer and the resulting start-up delay etc. This time can be shortened if the supply to the control cylinder 7 is designed such that after the device is switched on, the negative bias voltage runs up from the value 0 to the required negative end value, for example in about 1 s. This can be done by means of a capacitor connected in parallel with the bias voltage source for the control cylinder, which only slowly charges due to the relatively high source resistance, so that the beam current of the three-pole system accordingly slowly increases from higher values to the operating value. By a suitable choice of the time constant it can be achieved that the temperature of the emission surface accelerates to its desired value without overshoot when switched on. In this way, the heating-up time can be further reduced to approximately 1 second.

Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, daß sich die Anheizzeit einer Kathode auf etwa die Hälfte bis ein Fünftel der bisher üblichen Zeit bei einem gleichzeitigen Herabsetzen der Heizleistung auf etwa die Hälfte verringern läßt. Da durch die verringerte Heizleistung die Wärmebelastung des Systems erheblich verringert wird, vermindern sich die durch Wärmeeinfluß entstehenden Konvergenzprobleme erheblich.In summary, it can be said that the heating time of a cathode is approximately that Reduce half to a fifth of the usual time with a simultaneous reduction in heating power to about half. Since the thermal load on the system is considerably reduced by the reduced heating power, the convergence problems caused by the influence of heat are considerably reduced.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reducing the warm-up of an indirectly heated cathode for cathode-ray tubes such as oscillographs and television and colour television picture tubes in which, on the outside of the base plate (5) of a cathode sleeve (4), there is an electron-emitting layer (6) which, by a directly-heated triode system (5, 7, 8) arranged within the cathode sleeve, is excited to emit electrons, and in which the inside of the base plate (5) of the cathode sleeve (4) serves as the anode of the triode system, characterised in that, when the receiver is switched on, the negative bias voltage (-VG) of a control cylinder (7) of the triode system is reduced, from a zero potential value or from a preset negative potential value, referred to the potential of a filament (8) of the triode system, to a lower negative final potential value, thus reducing the beam current of the triode system (5, 7, 8), in such a way that the emitting layer (6) on the outside of the base plate (5) of the cathode sleeve (4) acquires the desired operating temperature without any overshoot.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the voltage source for the negative bias voltage (-VG) has a high source impedance and that, upon switching on the receiver, a capacitor, from which the negative bias voltage for the control cylinder is taken off, is connected in parallel with it.
EP81106086A 1980-08-07 1981-08-04 Method for shortening the heatingtime of an indirectly heated cathode Expired EP0045932B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3029853A DE3029853C2 (en) 1980-08-07 1980-08-07 Wehnelt cathode indirectly heated by electron impact
DE3029853 1980-08-07

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EP0045932A2 EP0045932A2 (en) 1982-02-17
EP0045932A3 EP0045932A3 (en) 1982-06-09
EP0045932B1 true EP0045932B1 (en) 1986-05-07

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EP (1) EP0045932B1 (en)
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CA (1) CA1182165A (en)
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FR2644286A1 (en) * 1989-03-07 1990-09-14 Thomson Tubes Electroniques ELECTRON BEAM GENERATOR AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES USING SUCH A GENERATOR
DE19800766C1 (en) * 1998-01-12 1999-07-29 Siemens Ag Electron beam tube especially X=ray tube
US6091187A (en) * 1998-04-08 2000-07-18 International Business Machines Corporation High emittance electron source having high illumination uniformity
US8581481B1 (en) 2011-02-25 2013-11-12 Applied Physics Technologies, Inc. Pre-aligned thermionic emission assembly

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US2291864A (en) * 1941-06-28 1942-08-04 Electronic Res Corp Electric discharge device
FR1485124A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-06-16 Siemens Ag Electronic cannon for electron tubes
FR1518363A (en) * 1966-05-23 1968-03-22 Ibm Long-life refractory cathodes
NL153018B (en) * 1967-02-17 1977-04-15 Philips Nv INDIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE.
US3569768A (en) * 1968-11-21 1971-03-09 Sylvania Electric Prod Cathode sleeve effecting maximum heat transfer to top of cathode cap and minimum to cap wall
DE2134513A1 (en) * 1971-07-10 1973-01-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp ELECTRON EMITTING SOURCE WITH A CATHODE ELEMENT AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR HEATING THE CATHODE ELEMENT
US3914638A (en) * 1972-05-24 1975-10-21 Gte Sylvania Inc Cathode structure for cathode ray tube
JPS4929969A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-03-16
DE2313911B2 (en) * 1973-03-20 1975-09-25 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Fast heating cathode for cathode ray tubes
DE2317446C3 (en) * 1973-04-06 1983-11-10 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Method of manufacturing a heating element for an indirectly heated cathode
DE2317445C3 (en) * 1973-04-06 1982-09-09 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Method for manufacturing a heater for an indirectly heated cathode
DE2364403C3 (en) * 1973-12-22 1978-06-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Method for manufacturing a heater for an indirectly heated cathode
DE2654553A1 (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-06-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Cathode for TV CRT - has cap with emission layer and plates close to heater to increase heat transfer
DE2938248A1 (en) * 1979-09-21 1981-03-26 Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG, 70435 Stuttgart HEATING ELEMENT FOR AN INDIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE

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EP0045932A2 (en) 1982-02-17
DE3174562D1 (en) 1986-06-12
EP0045932A3 (en) 1982-06-09
FI812424L (en) 1982-02-08
US4401919A (en) 1983-08-30
FI71853C (en) 1987-02-09
CA1182165A (en) 1985-02-05
FI71853B (en) 1986-10-31
DE3029853A1 (en) 1982-02-18
JPS57118333A (en) 1982-07-23
DE3029853C2 (en) 1982-08-26

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