EP0045675A1 - Steuerschaltung und Regelung der Geschwindigkeit der Umdrehungszahl eines Läufers, insbesondere der drehenden Anode einer Röntgenröhre - Google Patents

Steuerschaltung und Regelung der Geschwindigkeit der Umdrehungszahl eines Läufers, insbesondere der drehenden Anode einer Röntgenröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0045675A1
EP0045675A1 EP81401155A EP81401155A EP0045675A1 EP 0045675 A1 EP0045675 A1 EP 0045675A1 EP 81401155 A EP81401155 A EP 81401155A EP 81401155 A EP81401155 A EP 81401155A EP 0045675 A1 EP0045675 A1 EP 0045675A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
phase
terminals
circuit
fraction
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Application number
EP81401155A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0045675B1 (de
Inventor
Raoul Setbon
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/66—Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with target movable relatively to the anode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit for controlling and regulating the speed of rotation of a drive rotor, in particular that of a rotating anode of an X-ray tube, intended to maintain a substantially constant speed and to allow, for example, the application of the very high voltage between the anode and the cathode of this tube, as soon as the speed of rotation has reached a preset reference value.
  • relays are often used which are sensitive to a threshold value of a current whose windings are inserted in series with the stator windings constituting respectively the main and auxiliary phases which generate orthogonal magnetic fields and which are supplied respectively by phase-shifted currents, relative to each other, of TT / 2, by means of a capacitor in series with the winding of the auxiliary phase, for example, in order to generate a magnetic field turning.
  • a voltage-sensitive relay is connected in parallel with the phase-shifting capacitor supplying the auxiliary phase, which goes into the working position when the alternating voltage across the capacitor exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the contacts of three relays are inserted in series in an authorization circuit for energizing the X-ray tube. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that it gives no indication of the actual speed of rotation.
  • This relay has a first threshold voltage for which it goes into the working position and a second threshold voltage lower than the first for which it returns to the rest position and which respectively correspond to two speeds of rotation of the low anode away from nominal speed.
  • the relay contact authorizes energizing of the X-ray tube.
  • the circuit which is the subject of the invention not only makes it possible to alleviate the above drawbacks and to authorize the application of very high voltage only when a predetermined speed of rotation, close to its set value is reached and to inhibit this application or to stop it when this speed has not yet been reached or has fallen below this set speed, but also the regulation of this speed by putting in series with the supply of the two phases d '' a continuously variable ballast between two resistance values.
  • a circuit for controlling and regulating the speed of rotation of a rotor in particular that for driving a rotating anode of an X-ray tube of the type in which this rotor, disposed inside a glass envelope, is driven using a rotating magnetic field generated by means of a stator located outside the envelope and comprising at least two pairs of windings, the first of which constitutes the main phase and the second the auxiliary phase and whose respective axes of symmetry, normal to the axis of rotation of the rotor, are angularly offset with respect to each other, these two phases being joined together by one of their terminals to constitute a common power supply terminal coupled to one of the terminals of a single-phase alternating voltage source, the other terminal of the main phase being connected directly and the other terminal of the auxiliary phase being connected by means of a capacitor phase shift, at the other terminal of the single-phase source, is mainly characterized in that it comprises first comparison means providing a first signal which indicates that the voltage across the main phase has reached or exceeded
  • FIG. 1 a schematic section of the rotor which carries the rotating anode of the X-ray tube and which is arranged inside the glass envelope 2, shown in dotted lines.
  • the stator 3 comprising two pairs of windings 4 and 5 wound on a magnetic circuit (not shown) are intended to generate two alternating and orthogonal magnetic fields, passing through the rotor 1 composed, for example, of a hollow outer cylinder made of material conductor, such as copper, and possibly an inner cylinder also made of ferromagnetic material, such as soft iron or a low-remanence alloy, fitted one on the other and supported by two bearings or bearings.
  • the first terminal 6 of the first pair of windings 4 which are connected in series and arranged on either side of the casing 2, which constitute the main phase, is connected to a first output terminal 11 of a source of single-phase alternating voltage 10, such as a cycloconverter (possibly static) or multiplier (doubler or tripler) of conventional frequency, the inputs 12 of which are supplied by the distribution network mono- or three-phase (50 or 60 Hz) and which provides an alternating voltage of higher frequency (150 or 180 Hz, for example) than the network, making it possible to reach a rotation speed of between 8000 and 10000 rpm.
  • a source of single-phase alternating voltage 10 such as a cycloconverter (possibly static) or multiplier (doubler or tripler) of conventional frequency
  • the inputs 12 of which are supplied by the distribution network mono- or three-phase (50 or 60 Hz) and which provides an alternating voltage of higher frequency (150 or 180 Hz, for example) than the network, making it possible to reach
  • the first terminal 7 of the second pair of windings 5, also connected in series, which constitute the auxiliary phase, is joined to the first output terminal 11 of the source 10, by means of a phase-shifting element 8 constituted here by a capacitor 8, the value of which is chosen in a known manner, to produce a phase shift of TT / 2 between the output 11 and the terminal 7.
  • the respective second terminals of the main 4 and auxiliary 5 phases of the stator 3 are connected together to form a so-called common terminal 9 which is connected, via a variable ballast circuit 20, to the other output terminal 13 of the single-phase source 10.
  • This common terminal 9 constitutes for the control and regulation circuit of this figure the reference potential point (or isolated ground).
  • the ballast circuit 20 is a dipole comprising between its terminals 21 and 22 a first ballast resistor 23 (of a few hundred ohms, for example) and, in parallel with this first resistor 23, a bridge composed of four diodes 24, 25, 26 and 27.
  • the common point of the anode of the first diode 24 with the cathode of the second 25 constitutes the first terminal 21 of the ballast dipole 20 and that of the cathode of the third diode 26 with the anode of the fourth 27, its second terminal 21.
  • a power transistor 30 which constitutes a variable resistance element which is low in the saturated state and very high in the blocked state and which varies continuously between these two states.
  • the resistance of the collector-emitter path of transistor 30 constitutes the variable element of the ballast circuit 20 which is in parallel with the first resistance 23 of fixed value.
  • the power transistor 30, of the high voltage type (such as the BU 208 type from SESCOSEM having a collector-emitter breakdown voltage V CEX of approximately 1500 V), has its collector joined to its base by means of a second polarization resistance 31 (of a few kiloohms, for example) which forms with the phototransistor 32 of a first photocoupler 33 a voltage divider providing variable polarization to the transistor 30, when the light-emitting diode 34 whose photoemissive surface is optically coupled to the photosensitive surface of the phototransistor 32 is traversed by a current in the direct direction.
  • the control of the ballast resistor 20 between terminals 21 and 22 will be described later.
  • the alternating voltage present between the terminal 6 of the main phase 4 and the common terminal 9 is rectified using a fifth diode 40 which feeds through a third 41 and a fourth resistor 42 in series, which serve to filter and to reduce the level of the rectified, a filtering cell in the form of a second capacitor 43, a fifth resistor 44 and a third electrochemical capacitor 45.
  • One 46 of the armatures of the second capacitor 43 connected to the junction of the fourth 42 and of the fifth resistor 44 is also connected to one of the terminals of a sixth resistor 47 the other terminal of which is connected to the cathode d a Zener diode 48 and the positive armature of a fourth condenser 49, for example, electrochemical.
  • the other frame of the second capacitor 43, the respective negative plates of the third 45 and the fourth capacitor 49 and the anode of the Zener diode 48 are connected to the common terminal 9.
  • the junction 50 of the cathode of the Zener diode 48 with the resistor 47 and the capacitor 49 provides a stabilized (and filtered) direct voltage, positive with respect to the reference potential of the terminal 9 (of 24 volts, for example) which makes it possible, on the one hand, to supply the five amplifiers operational equipping the circuit and, on the other hand, to develop a fixed reference voltage used for comparison.
  • a first resistive voltage divider composed of a seventh 51 and an eighth resistor 52 in series, is connected to the terminals of the Zener diode 48, their common point 53 joined to the non-inverting input of a first integrated operational amplifier 54 by means of a ninth resistor 55, supplies it with a reference voltage which this amplifier, used as a voltage comparator, compares to a predetermined fraction of the rectified and filtered voltage across the terminals of the third capacitor 45, the level is proportional to the peak value of the alternating voltage supplying the main phase 4.
  • This fraction is supplied by means of a second resistive voltage divider connected in parallel with the third capacitor 45 and comprising a tenth 56 and an eleventh 57 resistor in series whose common point 58 is joined, by means of a twelfth resistor 59 (of the same value as the ninth 55), to the inverting input of the first amplifier 54.
  • the fate ie 60 of the first amplifier 54 therefore supplies a positive voltage substantially equal to its supply voltage (high logic state), when the reference voltage applied to its non-inverting input is greater than the fraction of the rectified main phase voltage, applied to its inverting input.
  • the output 60 provides a zero voltage (low state) relative to the reference potential of terminal 9 .
  • the alternating voltage present between the terminal 7 of the auxiliary phase 5 and the common terminal 9 is also rectified by means of a sixth diode 70 whose cathode is connected through a thirteenth 71 and a fourteenth 72 resistance to one of the armatures of a fifth capacitor 73, the other armature of which is connected to the common terminal 9.
  • the common point of the resistor 72 and of the capacitor 73 is also connected to one of the terminals of a fifteenth resistor 74, the l 'other terminal is connected to the positive armature of a sixth capacitor 75, for example, electrochemical whose negative armature is connected to the common terminal 9.
  • the elements 73 to 75 form a filter cell in 1r similar to that which is formed by elements 43 to 45.
  • the sixth capacitor 75 is connected in parallel with a third resistive voltage divider of adjustable division factor, which for this purpose is composed of a sixteenth resistor 76, a potentiometer 77 and a seventeenth resistor 78 connected in series.
  • the cursor 79 of the potentiometer 78 thus provides an adjustable fraction of a direct voltage proportional to the peak amplitude of the alternating voltage applied between the terminals 7 and 9 of the auxiliary phase 5.
  • a second operational amplifier 80 is used as a second comparator, the non-inverting input of which is connected, via an eighteenth resistor 81, to the cursor 79 of the potentiometer 77 and the inverting input of which is connected at the junction 58 of the second divider 56-57 providing a direct voltage proportional to the peak amplitude of the alternating voltage across the main phase 4, via a nineteenth resistor 82.
  • the second operational amplifier 80 makes it possible to compare the peak amplitudes of the two main phases 4 and auxiliary 5.
  • the output 83 of the second computer 80 is in its high state (where it provides a positive voltage substantially equal to its supply voltage), when the adjustable fraction of the voltage of the auxiliary phase rectified and filtered, taken from the cursor 79 of the potentiometer 77, is greater than the fixed fraction of the voltage of the main phase rectified and filtered, on the common point 58 of the second divider 56-57. If the voltage at the terminals of the main phase 4 exceeds that at the terminals of the auxiliary phase 5, the output 83 of the second comparator 80 provides a zero voltage (relative to terminal 9), that is to say a logic state low.
  • the combination comprising the first voltage divider 56, 57 fixed, the second voltage divider 76, 77, 78 adjustable and the second comparator 80 constitutes a means for determining the ratio of the voltages at the respective terminals of the auxiliary 5 and main 4 phases which corresponds at the set speed. More precisely, when there are equality of the fractions of voltages applied to the respective inputs of the second comparator 80, the ratio of the voltage of the auxiliary phase 5 to the voltage of the main phase 4 is equal to the quotient of the division factors of the second and the first divider. This quotient being adjustable using the potentiometer 77, it makes it possible to signal by a change of state (switching) at the output 83 of the second comparator 80 when this voltage ratio has reached its chosen reference value.
  • the output 83 of the second comparator 80 is connected to the anode of a light-emitting diode 35 of a second photocoupler 36, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of a seventh diode 85.
  • the cathode of the seventh diode 85 is connected by means of a twenty-first resistor 86 to the output 60 of the first comparator 54. This gives the light-emitting diode 35 of the second photocoupler 36 is only supplied with current when the output 83 of the second comparator 80 is in its high state and when, at the same time, the output 60 of the first comparator 54 is in the low state.
  • the light-emitting diode 35 only conducts when the peak amplitude of the voltage of the main phase V 4 exceeds a determined value, proportional to the continuous reference voltage V53 and when the speed of rotation of the rotor 2 is sufficient for the adjustable fraction according to the speed of the desired setpoint, the peak amplitude of the voltage of the auxiliary phase V 5 exceeds the predetermined and constant fraction of the peak amplitude of the voltage of the main phase V 4 .
  • the light-emitting diode 35 of the second photocoupler 30 illuminates, when it is supplied with direct current, the photosensitive surface of a phototransistor of the NPN type 37, for example, whose emitter is connected to the ground 38 of the radiological generator (not shown ), for example, and whose collector is connected, via the winding 39 of a relay or a contactor with electromagnetic control, to the positive pole 87 of a DC supply voltage source (+ V DC ).
  • the phototransistor 37 becomes saturated and the movable contacts 61, 62, 63 coupled together pass from their rest position to their working position.
  • the first movable contact 61 connects together two fixed contacts 64 and 65 which are inserted in the authorization circuit for energizing the X-ray tube, located in the X-ray generator, for example.
  • the speed regulation circuit comprises a third operational amplifier 90, the non-inverting input of which is connected, via a twenty second resistor 91, to the cursor 79 of the potentiometer 77 supplying the DC voltage V 79 of which the level represents the aforementioned adjustable fraction of the amplitude of the voltage across the auxiliary phase V5. It further comprises a fourth operational amplifier 92, the non-inverting input of which is brought together, via a twenty-third resistor 93, at the common point 58 of the second divider 56-57, which supplies the DC voltage. V 58 whose level represents the constant fraction of the amplitude of the voltage across the main phase V 4 ,
  • the outputs of amplifiers 90 and 92 are respectively joined by means of a twenty-fourth 94 and a twenty-fifth 95 feedback resistance, at their inverting inputs which are joined together using a twenty- sixth resistor 96.
  • the stages comprising the amplifiers 90 and 92 constitute amplification stages without reverse polarity, with high input impedance. Their outputs supply respectively, via a twenty-seventh 97 and a twenty-eighth 98 resistor, the non-inverting and inverting inputs of a fifth operational amplifier 99.
  • the output 100 of the fifth operational amplifier 99 is combined with its inverting input by a threshold feedback circuit comprising a twenty-ninth resistor 101, an eighth 102, a ninth 103 and a tenth 104 diode in series.
  • the output 100 of the amplifier 99 is joined, moreover, to the common terminal 9 via, on the one hand, a thirtieth resistor 105 and, on the other hand, by an eleventh diode 106 and a thirty -and-first resistor 107 in series with the light-emitting diode 34 of the first photocoupler 33.
  • the light-emitting diode 34 of the first photocoupler 33 in series with the eleventh diode 106 have a predetermined conduction threshold which must be reached as soon as the set fraction V 79 of the rectified auxiliary phase voltage has exceeded the fixed fraction V 58 of the voltage main phase rectified.
  • the three diodes 102 to 104 in series with the feedback resistance 101 provide the amplifier 99 with a gain close to its open loop value until its output voltage has reached this conduction threshold. Thereafter its gain is determined by the feedback resistors 101 and input 98 so that the variation of the current in the light-emitting diode 34 is gradual.
  • the output 100 provides a zero voltage (since it is not supplied by a negative voltage with respect to terminal 9).
  • the light-emitting diode 34 of the first photocoupler 33 remains off and the phototransistor 32 remains blocked, so that the high-voltage power transistor 30 becomes saturated during almost all of the alternations of the alternating voltage supplying the windings 4, 5 by the terminal common 9.
  • the output 100 of the fifth amplifier 99 provides a positive voltage which causes a current through the light emitting diode 34 having the effect of making phototransistor 32 conductive so that it reduces the bias voltage of the base-emitter junction of power transistor 30.
  • the resistance of the collector-emitter path of this transistor 30 then increases with l increasing illumination of the phototransistor 32.
  • This increase in the resistance of the collector-emitter path of the power transistor 30 has the effect of reducing the voltage across the main and auxiliary phases by the voltage drop between the terminals 21 and 22 of the ballast 20, so that the currents flowing through them are reduced to their values just necessary to maintain the desired speed of rotation.
  • the rectified and filtered voltages undergo a significant reduction.
  • the fixed contacts of the relay connected by its movable contacts 62 and 63 are respectively connected so as to short-circuit the third 41 and the thirteenth 71 resistance of the respective rectifier circuits main and auxiliary phase voltages.
  • the ballast circuit 20 can be inserted in the circuit of the primary windings of a three-phase transformer equipping the cycloconverter 10 which is then a static tripler, whose cold terminals (not connected to the phases of the network) are then each connected to the junction of the cathode of a diode and the anode of another diode in series, the other electrodes of which are connected respectively to terminals 21 and 22 of the ballast circuit 20 which then appears as a variable resistor in series with the three primary windings.
  • This resistance has the effect of influencing the voltage appearing at the terminals of the series combination of the three secondary windings, which constitute the output terminals 11 and 13 of the cycloconverter 10 which is then of the type with saturable core.
  • NO logic inverter
  • capacitors 61, 62 and 87 of high capacity for example, of the electrochemical type, between the outputs 53, 58 and 79 respectively of the first (51, 52), second ( 56, 57) and third (76, 77, 78) voltage dividers in order to perfect the filtering of the fractions of DC voltages, respectively applied to the inputs of the operational amplifiers 54 and 80.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP19810401155 1980-07-25 1981-07-21 Steuerschaltung und Regelung der Geschwindigkeit der Umdrehungszahl eines Läufers, insbesondere der drehenden Anode einer Röntgenröhre Expired EP0045675B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8016491 1980-07-25
FR8016491A FR2487540A1 (fr) 1980-07-25 1980-07-25 Circuit de controle et de regulation de la vitesse de rotation d'un rotor et notamment celui d'une anode tournante de tube radiogene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0045675A1 true EP0045675A1 (de) 1982-02-10
EP0045675B1 EP0045675B1 (de) 1984-05-02

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EP19810401155 Expired EP0045675B1 (de) 1980-07-25 1981-07-21 Steuerschaltung und Regelung der Geschwindigkeit der Umdrehungszahl eines Läufers, insbesondere der drehenden Anode einer Röntgenröhre

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EP (1) EP0045675B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3163389D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2487540A1 (de)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2185826A (en) * 1938-06-07 1940-01-02 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Rotatable anode x-ray tube
FR1372570A (fr) * 1963-08-02 1964-09-18 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Perfectionnements aux appareils à rayons x
DE1191048B (de) * 1961-05-23 1965-04-15 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Di Schutzvorrichtung fuer Roentgenroehren mit Drehanode
US3518434A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-06-30 Picker Corp X-ray tube rotatable anode control circuit with means to sense and control anode motor current
US3564254A (en) * 1968-07-17 1971-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spin motor controller for a rotating anode motor of an x-ray generator tube
FR2251152A1 (de) * 1973-11-12 1975-06-06 Siemens Ag
FR2423114A1 (fr) * 1978-04-12 1979-11-09 Siemens Ag Generateur radiologique pour appareil de radiodiagnostic comportant un onduleur alimentant son transformateur a haute tension

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2185826A (en) * 1938-06-07 1940-01-02 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Rotatable anode x-ray tube
DE1191048B (de) * 1961-05-23 1965-04-15 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Di Schutzvorrichtung fuer Roentgenroehren mit Drehanode
FR1372570A (fr) * 1963-08-02 1964-09-18 Picker X Ray Corp Waite Mfg Perfectionnements aux appareils à rayons x
US3518434A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-06-30 Picker Corp X-ray tube rotatable anode control circuit with means to sense and control anode motor current
US3564254A (en) * 1968-07-17 1971-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spin motor controller for a rotating anode motor of an x-ray generator tube
FR2251152A1 (de) * 1973-11-12 1975-06-06 Siemens Ag
FR2423114A1 (fr) * 1978-04-12 1979-11-09 Siemens Ag Generateur radiologique pour appareil de radiodiagnostic comportant un onduleur alimentant son transformateur a haute tension

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2487540A1 (fr) 1982-01-29
FR2487540B1 (de) 1983-08-05
DE3163389D1 (en) 1984-06-07
EP0045675B1 (de) 1984-05-02

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