EP0044557B1 - Electron tube of coaxial construction with cathode, grid and anode shaped as cylinder or cylinder shell, and with an equipment eliminating bremsfeld oscillation disturbances - Google Patents

Electron tube of coaxial construction with cathode, grid and anode shaped as cylinder or cylinder shell, and with an equipment eliminating bremsfeld oscillation disturbances Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0044557B1
EP0044557B1 EP81105709A EP81105709A EP0044557B1 EP 0044557 B1 EP0044557 B1 EP 0044557B1 EP 81105709 A EP81105709 A EP 81105709A EP 81105709 A EP81105709 A EP 81105709A EP 0044557 B1 EP0044557 B1 EP 0044557B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electron tube
cylinder
anode
cathode
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81105709A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0044557A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Ing.Grad. Stahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0044557A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044557A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0044557B1 publication Critical patent/EP0044557B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/18—Tubes with a single discharge path having magnetic control means; having both magnetic and electrostatic control means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electron tube with a coaxial structure, in which the cathode, grid and anode are cylindrical or cylindrical jacket-shaped.
  • Such electron tubes are generally known (see, for example, DE-PS 2 625 021).
  • US-A-2 013 094 already discloses an electron tube with a coaxial structure, the cathode, grid and anode of which are cylindrical or cylindrical-shaped.
  • This tube has a device for generating a magnetic field, the field lines of which run essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces of the electrodes in the interior of the electron tube. The magnetic field causes the trajectories of the electrons to be lengthened.
  • a controllable high-vacuum electron tube is already known, the electrodes of which are arranged along cylindrical surfaces which have a plurality of hot cathodes, and in which a device for generating a magnetic field is provided parallel to the cylindrical electrode surfaces in order to use this magnetic field to generate the electron current with a positive control potential Keep control electrodes largely away from them and thereby reduce the required control line (CH-PS 483116).
  • An electron tube is also known from DE-PS 338 512, in which a magnetic field is generated parallel to the cylindrical electrode surfaces.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the disturbing brake field vibrations (Barkhausen short vibrations) in an electron tube for operation at large modulations with anode residual voltages near zero, and thus to enable their operation as a PDM modulator tube with high efficiency.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in the case of the electron tube of the type mentioned at the outset in that a device for generating a magnetic field is arranged for the operation at large actuations with anode residual voltage near zero in order to eliminate disturbing brake field vibrations, the field lines of which are arranged inside the electron tube run essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces but not to the cylinder jacket lines of the electrodes and the paths of the electrons moving almost vertically during operation of the electron tube from the cathode to the anode, which in this way lengthens the paths of the electrons and, by virtue of their strength, the period of oscillation of the Electrons enlarged so that the disturbing brake field vibrations do not arise.
  • the deflection of the electrons is conveniently effected by a magnetic field with a relatively small magnetic flux density B of about 2.10- 2 Tesla, so increases the oscillation duration of the electrons that the disturbing retarding field oscillation of the electrons disappear completely.
  • the magnetic field can preferably be generated by a permanent magnet system or by an electromagnet system (current-carrying coils).
  • an electromagnetic system it is advantageous to use the anode operating current as the magnetizing current of the coil.
  • a system comprising a plurality of pole shoe segments arranged around the electron tube is particularly advantageous.
  • the electron tube 1 is a tetrode.
  • the cathode 4, the anode 5, the screen grid 6 and the control grid 7 are constructed coaxially (FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 1 shows the heating supply 8 to the cathode 4, the connection 9 of which is visible.
  • the screen grid connection 10 and the control grid connection 11 are shown.
  • the cylinder of the anode 5 is e.g. B. attached to an anode flange 12. Between anode flange 12 and screen grid connection 10 there is an isoiationsteii 13, the z. B. consists of glass or ceramic. Further insulation parts 14, 15 are arranged between the screen grid connection 10 and the control grid connection 11 and between the latter and the cathode supply 9.
  • a device 2 for generating a magnetic field is arranged around the electron tube 1, the field lines 3 of which inside the Electron tube 1 runs essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces, but not to the cylinder jacket lines of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 as well as the screen grid 6 and control grid 7.
  • the paths of the electrons run from the cathode 4 to the anode 5. These paths are cut essentially perpendicular by the field lines 3. This deflects the electrons on circular orbits and lengthens their orbits. This in turn has the consequence that the oscillation period of the deflected electrons increases so that the disturbing braking field oscillations do not occur.
  • a permanent magnet system is used as the device 2 for generating a magnetic field 3.
  • the permanent magnet system of the device 2 consists of a plurality of kidney-shaped pole piece segments arranged around the electron tube 1, the longitudinal axes of which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electron tube 1.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Elektronenröhre mit koaxialem Aufbau, bei der Kathode, Gitter und Anode zylinder- bzw. zylindermantelförmig sind.The invention relates to an electron tube with a coaxial structure, in which the cathode, grid and anode are cylindrical or cylindrical jacket-shaped.

Derartige Elektronenröhren sind allgemein bekannt (man vgl. z. B. die DE-PS 2 625 021).Such electron tubes are generally known (see, for example, DE-PS 2 625 021).

Außerdem ist aus der US-A-2 013 094 bereits eine Elektronenröhre mit koaxialem Aufbau, deren Kathode, Gitter und Anode zylinder- bzw. zylindermantelförmig sind, bekannt. Diese Röhre weist eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes auf, dessen Feldlinien im Inneren der Elektronenröhre im wesentlichen parallel zu den Zylindermanteloberflächen der Elektroden verlaufen. Das Magnetfeld bewirkt, daß die Flugbahnen der Elektronen verlängert werden.In addition, US-A-2 013 094 already discloses an electron tube with a coaxial structure, the cathode, grid and anode of which are cylindrical or cylindrical-shaped. This tube has a device for generating a magnetic field, the field lines of which run essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces of the electrodes in the interior of the electron tube. The magnetic field causes the trajectories of the electrons to be lengthened.

Es ist bereits eine steuerbare Hochvakuum-Elektronenröhre bekannt, deren Elektroden längs zylindrischen Flächen angeordnet sind, die mehrere Glühkathoden aufweist, und bei der eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes parallel zu den zylindrischen Elektrodenoberflächen vorgesehen ist, um mit diesem Magnetfelde den Elektronenstrom bei positivem Steuerpotential der Steuerelektroden weitgehend von diesen abhalten und dadurch die erforderliche Steuerleitstung zu vermindern (CH-PS 483116).A controllable high-vacuum electron tube is already known, the electrodes of which are arranged along cylindrical surfaces which have a plurality of hot cathodes, and in which a device for generating a magnetic field is provided parallel to the cylindrical electrode surfaces in order to use this magnetic field to generate the electron current with a positive control potential Keep control electrodes largely away from them and thereby reduce the required control line (CH-PS 483116).

Auch aus der DE-PS 338 512 ist eine Elektronenröhre bekannt, bei der ein Magnetfeld parallel zu den zylindrischen Elektrodenoberflächen erzeugt wird.An electron tube is also known from DE-PS 338 512, in which a magnetic field is generated parallel to the cylindrical electrode surfaces.

Jedoch ist bei den aus den beiden letztgenannten Patentschriften bekannten Elektronenröhren kein koaxialer Aufbau der zylinder- bzw. zylindermantelförmigen Kathode, Gitter und Anode oder/und kein Betrieb bei großer Aussteuerung mit Anodenrestspannungen in der Nähe von Null. vorgesehen.However, in the case of the electron tubes known from the two last-mentioned patents, there is no coaxial construction of the cylindrical or cylindrical jacket-shaped cathode, grid and anode and / or no operation at high modulation with residual anode voltages close to zero. intended.

Besonders für Elektronenröhren, deren Gitter hoch belastbar sind und die mit Pulsdauermodulation (PDM) betrieben werden wird ein Betrieb mit der Anodenrestspannung Null angestrebt, um die damit erzielbare Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades auszunutzen. Bei großen Aussteuerungen mit Anodenrestspannungen in der Nähe von Null treten jedoch in den Elektronenröhren störende Bremsfeldschwingungen auf. Diese Schwingungen werden auch Barkhausen-Kurz-Schwingungen genannt (man vergl. C. Rint, « Lexikon der Hochfrequenz-, Nachrichten- und Elektrotechnik», Bd. 1, Berlin-München 1957, Seiten 527 und 528).Particularly for electron tubes whose grids are highly resilient and which are operated with pulse duration modulation (PDM), operation with the anode residual voltage of zero is sought in order to utilize the increase in efficiency which can be achieved thereby. With large modulations with residual anode voltages close to zero, however, disturbing brake field vibrations occur in the electron tubes. These vibrations are also called Barkhausen short vibrations (see C. Rint, "Lexicon of high-frequency, communications and electrical engineering", Vol. 1, Berlin-Munich 1957, pages 527 and 528).

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Elektronenröhre für den Betrieb bei großen Aussteuerungen mit Anodenrestspannungen in der Nähe von Null die störenden Bremsfeldschwingungen (Barkhausen-Kurz-Schwingungen) zu beseitigen, und so ihren Betrieb als PDM-Modulatorröhre mit hohem Wirkungsgrad zu ermöglichen. Diese Aufgabe wird bei der Elektronenröhre der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß für den Betrieb bei großen Aussteuerungen mit Anodenrestspannung in der Nähe von Null zur Beseitigung störender Bremsfeldschwingungen um die Elektronenröhre eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes angeordnet ist, dessen Feldlinien im Innern der Elektronenröhre im wesentlichen parallel zu den Zylindermanteloberflächen jedoch nicht zu den Zylindermantellinien der Elektroden verlaufen und die Bahnen der sich beim Betrieb der Elektronenröhre von der Kathode zur Anode bewegenden Elektronen nahezu senkrecht schneiden, das so die Bahnen der Elektronen verlängert, und das durch seine Stärke die Schwingungsdauer der Elektronen so vergrößert, daß die störenden Bremsfeldschwingungen nicht entstehen.The invention has for its object to eliminate the disturbing brake field vibrations (Barkhausen short vibrations) in an electron tube for operation at large modulations with anode residual voltages near zero, and thus to enable their operation as a PDM modulator tube with high efficiency. This object is achieved according to the invention in the case of the electron tube of the type mentioned at the outset in that a device for generating a magnetic field is arranged for the operation at large actuations with anode residual voltage near zero in order to eliminate disturbing brake field vibrations, the field lines of which are arranged inside the electron tube run essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces but not to the cylinder jacket lines of the electrodes and the paths of the electrons moving almost vertically during operation of the electron tube from the cathode to the anode, which in this way lengthens the paths of the electrons and, by virtue of their strength, the period of oscillation of the Electrons enlarged so that the disturbing brake field vibrations do not arise.

Die Ablenkung der Elektronen wird zweckmäßig durch ein Magnetfeld mit einer relativ kleinen magnetischen Induktion B von ungefähr 2.10-2 Tesla bewirkt, die die Schwingungsdauer der Elektronen so vergrößert, daß die störende Bremsfeldschwingung der Elektronen vollständig verschwindet.The deflection of the electrons is conveniently effected by a magnetic field with a relatively small magnetic flux density B of about 2.10- 2 Tesla, so increases the oscillation duration of the electrons that the disturbing retarding field oscillation of the electrons disappear completely.

Das Magnetfeld kann vorzugsweise durch ein Permanentmagnetsystem oder durch ein Elektromagnetsystem (stromdurchflossene Spulen) erzeugt werden. Bei der Verwendung eines Elektromagnetsystems ist es vorteilhaft, als Magnetisierungsstrom der Spule den Anodenbetriebsstrom zu verwenden. Bei der Verwendung eines Permanentmagnetsystems ist ein System aus mehreren um die Elektronenröhre herum angeordneten Polschuhsegmenten besonders vorteilhaft.The magnetic field can preferably be generated by a permanent magnet system or by an electromagnet system (current-carrying coils). When using an electromagnetic system, it is advantageous to use the anode operating current as the magnetizing current of the coil. When using a permanent magnet system, a system comprising a plurality of pole shoe segments arranged around the electron tube is particularly advantageous.

Die Elektronenröhre nach der Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen (in schematischer Darstellung) :

  • Figur 1 eine Elektronenröhre mit einem Permanentmagnetsystem in Seitenansicht und
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Elektronenröhre mit Permanentmagnetsystem nach Fig. 1.
The electron tube according to the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing in one embodiment. Here show (in a schematic representation):
  • Figure 1 shows an electron tube with a permanent magnet system in side view
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the electron tube with a permanent magnet system according to FIG. 1.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist die Elektronenröhre 1 eine Tetrode. Die Kathode 4, die Anode 5, das Schirmgitter 6 und das Steuergitter 7 sind koaxial aufgebaut (Fig. 2). Die Figur 1 zeigt die Heizungszuführung 8 zur Kathode 4, deren Anschluß 9. sichtbar ist. Außerdem sind der Schirmgitteranschluß 10 und der Steuergitteranschluß 11 dargestellt. Der Zylinder der Anode 5 ist z. B. an einem Anodenflansch 12 befestigt. Zwischen Anodenflansch 12 und Schirmgitteranschluß 10 befindet sich ein isoiationsteii 13, der z. B. aus Glas oder Keramik besteht. Weitere Isolationsteile 14, 15 sind zwischen dem Schirmgitteranschluß 10 und dem Steuergitteranschluß 11 sowie zwischen letzterem und der Kathodenzuführung 9 angeordnet.In Figures 1 and 2, the electron tube 1 is a tetrode. The cathode 4, the anode 5, the screen grid 6 and the control grid 7 are constructed coaxially (FIG. 2). FIG. 1 shows the heating supply 8 to the cathode 4, the connection 9 of which is visible. In addition, the screen grid connection 10 and the control grid connection 11 are shown. The cylinder of the anode 5 is e.g. B. attached to an anode flange 12. Between anode flange 12 and screen grid connection 10 there is an isoiationsteii 13, the z. B. consists of glass or ceramic. Further insulation parts 14, 15 are arranged between the screen grid connection 10 and the control grid connection 11 and between the latter and the cathode supply 9.

Zur Beseitigung störender Bremsfeldschwingungen ist um die Elektronenröhre 1 eine Einrichtung 2 zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes angeordnet, dessen Feldlinien 3 im Inneren der Elektronenröhre 1 im wesentlichen parallel zu den Zylindermanteloberflächen, jedoch nicht zu den Zylindermantellinien der Kathode 4 und der Anode 5 sowie dem Schirmgitter 6 und Steuergitter 7 verlaufen. Im Betrieb der Elektronenröhre 1 verlaufen die Bahnen der Elektronen von der Kathode 4 zur Anode 5. Diese Bahnen werden von den Feldlinien 3 im wesentlichen senkrecht geschnitten. Dadurch werden die Elektronen auf Kreisbahnen abgelenkt und somit ihre Bahnen verlängert. Dies hat wiederum zur Folge, daß sich die Schwingungsdauer der abgelenkten Elektronen so vergrößert, daß die störenden Bremsfeldschwingungen nicht entstehen.To eliminate disturbing brake field vibrations, a device 2 for generating a magnetic field is arranged around the electron tube 1, the field lines 3 of which inside the Electron tube 1 runs essentially parallel to the cylinder jacket surfaces, but not to the cylinder jacket lines of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 as well as the screen grid 6 and control grid 7. During operation of the electron tube 1, the paths of the electrons run from the cathode 4 to the anode 5. These paths are cut essentially perpendicular by the field lines 3. This deflects the electrons on circular orbits and lengthens their orbits. This in turn has the consequence that the oscillation period of the deflected electrons increases so that the disturbing braking field oscillations do not occur.

Bei dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird als Einrichtung 2 zum Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes 3 ein Permanentmagnetsystem verwendet. Das Permanentmagnetsystem der Einrichtung 2 besteht in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus mehreren um die Elektronenröhre 1 herum angeordneten, nierenförmigen Polschuhsegmenten, deren Längsachsen parallel zur Längsachse der Elektronenröhre 1 verlaufen.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a permanent magnet system is used as the device 2 for generating a magnetic field 3. In this exemplary embodiment, the permanent magnet system of the device 2 consists of a plurality of kidney-shaped pole piece segments arranged around the electron tube 1, the longitudinal axes of which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electron tube 1.

Claims (6)

1. An electron tube of coaxial construction, in which the cathode, grid and anode are in the form of a cylinder or cylinder shell, characterised in that for operation at large outputs with residual anode voltage in the neighbourhood of zero, for the elimination of disturbing retarding field oscillations, a device (2) for producing a magnetic field is arranged around the electron tube (1), the lines of force (3) of which magnetic field within the electron tube (1) run essentially parallel to the surface of the cylinder shell, but not to the cylinder director lines of the electrodes (4 to 7) and intersect the paths of the electrons, which, during operation of the electron tube (1), move from the cathode (4) to the anode (5), substantial- ty at right angles, which magnetic field so extends the paths of the electrons and by means of its strength so increases the oscillation duration of the electrons that the disturbing retarding field oscillations do not occur.
2. An electron tube as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the magnetic induction B of the magnetic field of the device (2) is 2.10-2 tesla.
3. An electron tube as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the device (2) consists of a permanent magnet system.
4. An electron tube as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the permanent magnet system consists of a plurality of pole shoe segments which are arranged around the electron tube (1).
5. An electron tube as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the device (2) consists of an electromagnet system.
6. An electron tube as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the magnetization current of the electromagnet system is the operating current for the anode of the electron tube (1).
EP81105709A 1980-07-22 1981-07-20 Electron tube of coaxial construction with cathode, grid and anode shaped as cylinder or cylinder shell, and with an equipment eliminating bremsfeld oscillation disturbances Expired EP0044557B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3027756 1980-07-22
DE3027756A DE3027756C2 (en) 1980-07-22 1980-07-22 Electron tube with a coaxial structure of the cylinder or cylinder jacket-shaped cathode, grid and anode with a device for eliminating disruptive braking field oscillations

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044557A1 EP0044557A1 (en) 1982-01-27
EP0044557B1 true EP0044557B1 (en) 1985-11-21

Family

ID=6107817

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105709A Expired EP0044557B1 (en) 1980-07-22 1981-07-20 Electron tube of coaxial construction with cathode, grid and anode shaped as cylinder or cylinder shell, and with an equipment eliminating bremsfeld oscillation disturbances

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4501990A (en)
EP (1) EP0044557B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3027756C2 (en)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE338512C (en) * 1916-11-13 1921-06-22 Aeg Electrical discharge vessel with glow cathode and auxiliary electrode
GB194883A (en) * 1922-02-06 1923-03-22 Clarence Shirley Goode Thermionic tubes
US2013093A (en) * 1930-05-22 1935-09-03 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2248712A (en) * 1940-03-20 1941-07-08 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co Magnetic control vacuum tube
US2727177A (en) * 1952-02-11 1955-12-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrostatic lens system
US2898504A (en) * 1957-01-17 1959-08-04 Penta Lab Inc Electron discharge device
US3387175A (en) * 1965-03-05 1968-06-04 Varian Associates Vacuum gauge having separate electron collecting and electron accelerating electrodes
US3366823A (en) * 1966-03-15 1968-01-30 Philips Corp Magnetically focussed beam electron discharge tube
CH470752A (en) * 1967-03-15 1969-03-31 Patelhold Patentverwertung Controllable high vacuum electron tube
CH483116A (en) * 1968-05-21 1969-12-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Controllable high vacuum electron tube
DE2625021C3 (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-06-07 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Electron tubes, in particular transmitter tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4501990A (en) 1985-02-26
DE3172976D1 (en) 1986-01-02
DE3027756C2 (en) 1982-10-28
DE3027756A1 (en) 1982-02-04
EP0044557A1 (en) 1982-01-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE1814802A1 (en) Device for inducing nuclear fusions
DE2929549C2 (en) Field emission electron gun
DE1078189B (en) Multi-circuit magnetron with short connecting lines to suppress undesired types of vibration
DE3333686C2 (en)
DE668800C (en) Device for generating short electromagnetic waves
EP0044557B1 (en) Electron tube of coaxial construction with cathode, grid and anode shaped as cylinder or cylinder shell, and with an equipment eliminating bremsfeld oscillation disturbances
DE2341503A1 (en) ELECTRON BEAM TUBE
DE1127003B (en) Traveling wave tubes with an electrostatic focusing device
DE652506C (en) Discharge tubes for generating vibrations
DE1489020A1 (en) Accelerator for charged particles
DE814918C (en) Electrical discharge vessel with a directed electron bundle
DE730628C (en) Electron tubes for generating or amplifying electrical vibrations
DE10246548A1 (en) Electron acceleration method, by supplying energy for generation, control and shaping of electron emission, via isolating transformer coils
DE2254444C3 (en) Ion cannon for generating ion beams
DE666136C (en) Method for operating a pipe with transit time oscillations
DE4305524C2 (en) Device for removing ions
DE1099091B (en) Back wave oscillator tubes with crossed electric and magnetic fields
DE3938628C2 (en) Device for storing charged particles
DE1439883A1 (en) Electron gun
AT159454B (en) Process for cathode sputtering by means of glow discharge.
DE975348C (en) Discharge vessel for generating high-frequency electrical vibrations, in particular like the magnetron, the braking field tube or another type of transit time tube
DE712961C (en) Electric discharge tubes with a box enveloping the pinch foot and shielding the ducts contained therein from the electrodes
DE1124609B (en) Electron beam generation and bundling system, especially for transit time tubes
DE916442C (en) Velocity-modulated transit time tubes with cavity resonators and magnetic beam concentration
AT84051B (en) Method for generating X-rays.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19811030

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB NL

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3172976

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19860102

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19870731

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19900201

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19900614

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19900724

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19900919

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19901024

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19910720

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19910731

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19910731

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19920331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19920401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST