EP0044291B1 - Means for measuring the frictional force between the mould and the strand at continuous casting - Google Patents

Means for measuring the frictional force between the mould and the strand at continuous casting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0044291B1
EP0044291B1 EP19810890115 EP81890115A EP0044291B1 EP 0044291 B1 EP0044291 B1 EP 0044291B1 EP 19810890115 EP19810890115 EP 19810890115 EP 81890115 A EP81890115 A EP 81890115A EP 0044291 B1 EP0044291 B1 EP 0044291B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
side walls
arrangement according
water box
broad
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP19810890115
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0044291A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Hargassner
Reinhold Dr. Angerer
Hans Weberberger
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/05—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/053—Means for oscillating the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device on a continuous casting mold that is constantly oscillating during operation, in particular steel slab casting mold, for determining the frictional forces prevailing between the side walls of the mold and the surface of the strand.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described in the introduction, which makes it possible to immediately display "shell hangers” and to give a reliable warning of metal melt escaping, and the like. between regardless of subjective influences.
  • the mold is connected to an acceleration sensor and a force measuring device for measuring the forces transmitted from the mold to the support is provided on the support of the mold and that the acceleration sensor and the force measuring devices are connected by an electrical subtraction circuit.
  • FR-A-1 259 300 discloses a continuous mold which is stationary in normal casting operation and is supported on load cells, the load cells measuring the weight of the mold and during the casting, in addition to the weight, the frictional forces occurring between the mold and the cast strand.
  • the mold is set into oscillating motion in order to detach the strand shell from the mold side walls.
  • the oscillation of the mold it is no longer possible, due to the variety of factors influencing the mass forces, to record the frictional forces separately from the mass forces.
  • the force measuring device is designed as a load cell provided between the mold side walls and the water box of the mold.
  • the load cells are expediently arranged below the broad side walls on a support plate which engages underneath the broad side walls and is rigidly fastened to the water tank.
  • the pressure load cells are expediently arranged in the areas adjacent to the narrow side walls below the broad side walls.
  • the mold side walls in particular the wide side walls, are advantageously fastened to the water tank in a vertically displaceable manner.
  • a mold side wall in particular a broad side wall, is expediently connected to the water tank by means of articulated rods, which are fastened in a steered manner both to the water tank and to the mold side wall, two mutually opposite mold side walls, in particular Breitsei, advantageously being used ten walls, are connected to one another by means of bolts which are articulated on the mold side walls.
  • each pressure transducer is connected to an adding device which sums the values of the pressure transducers, that the adding device is followed by a tare device which subtracts the dead weight of the mold side walls, and that, after the subtracting device subtracting the values of the accelerometer, a peak value rectifier is provided, the output signal of which is fed to a display device.
  • each pressure transducer is advantageously connected to its own adjustable subtractor, each subtractor has its own peak value rectifier and the output signals of each peak value rectifier are each fed to their own display device.
  • a further embodiment in which the side walls of the mold are supported on a water box and the water box is coupled to an oscillating drive by means of an oscillating lever, is characterized in that the force measuring device is designed as a strain gauge attached to the oscillating levers.
  • FIG. 1 showing a plan view of a mold
  • FIG. 2 a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1.
  • 3 and 4 illustrate two different circuit diagrams for the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 5 a further embodiment is shown in side view;
  • Fig. 6 shows the associated circuit diagram.
  • the four mold side walls 2 to 5 delimiting a rectangular interior 1 are u. between the broad side walls 2, 3 and the narrow side walls 4, 5, inserted within a water box 6 surrounding these side walls in a frame-like manner.
  • the water box 6 is hollow.
  • the two broad side walls 2, 3 are connected to one another by means of bolts 11, 12.
  • Each of these bolts 11, 12 is articulated on the broad side wall 2 forming the fixed side by means of a ball joint 13 and connected by means of a further ball joint 14 to a piston 16 which is displaceably guided in a spring cup 15.
  • the bolts 11, 12 could also be rigidly connected to the side walls 2, 3; in this case, however, an elastic deflection of the bolts 11, 12 would have to be accepted when the side walls 2, 3 moved vertically.
  • the spring cup 15 has the task of pressing the two broad side walls 2, 3 towards one another in order to withstand the ferrostatic pressure of the melt poured into the interior 1.
  • the narrow side walls 4, 5 are supported on the broad side walls 2, 3 by means of support strips 17 arranged on their upper sides.
  • the narrow side walls 4, 5 can be adjusted to the respectively desired strand width by means of adjusting spindles 19 articulated on them by means of joints 18.
  • adjusting means for example pressure medium cylinders 20, are also provided.
  • the bolts 11, 12 are adjusted relative to the ball joint 13 in their longitudinal direction.
  • the narrow and broad side walls 2 to 5 are hollow and are connected in line with the cavity 22 of the water box 6 via cooling water supply and cooling water discharge pipes 21.
  • These tubes 21 are designed as telescopic tubes for the adjustable side walls. In order not to hinder the vertical mobility of the mold side walls, as compared to the water tank, the tubes 21 are designed in such a way that they allow the mold side walls 2 to 5 to move in the vertical direction.
  • the underside of the water tank 6 has a support plate 25 which extends below the broad side walls 2, 3 and on which the broad side walls 2, 3 are supported by pressure transducers 26.
  • the pressure cells 26 are inserted into recesses 27 provided on the underside of the broad side walls and screwed onto the cover plates 28 which delimit the recesses 27 upwards.
  • the pressure cells are also screwed to the support plate 25 of the water tank 6, the pressure cells 26 provided on the wide side wall 3 forming the loss side being displaceable in longitudinal slots 29 of this support plate 25.
  • a total of four pressure cells 26 are provided, the. Pressure transducers are each arranged in the areas adjacent to the narrow side walls 4, 5 below the broad side walls 2, 3. An acceleration sensor 31 is attached to a side wall 30 of the water tank 6.
  • a line 32 leads from each of the four load cells 26 to an adder 33, which is followed by a taring device 34.
  • the tare device 34 subtracts the static eigenge weight of the mold side walls from the sum of the measured values of the four pressure transducers 26.
  • the downstream subtracting device 35 the dynamic mass force of the mold, determined by the accelerometer 31 and amplified in an amplifier 36, is subtracted.
  • a peak value rectifier 37 the output signal of which is passed on to a display device 38 or to an alarm device 39.
  • a display device 40 for the instantaneous value is connected to the line 41 provided between the subtracting device 35 and the rectifier 37.
  • the function of the device is as follows: If a frictional force occurs between the strand shell and the copper plates 42 of the mold side walls 2 to 5, the side walls are pressed down more or less, depending on whether the mold moves straight down or up during the oscillation. As a result, the load cells 26 are loaded to a greater or lesser extent and the mold side walls 2 to 5 according to the flexibility of the load cells 26 by one - but only to a very small extent . - Moved in the vertical direction relative to the water tank 6. The values detected by the four pressure transducers 26 are added, the static dead weight is subtracted from this total value in the tare device 34 and the acceleration force is subtracted from this value in the subtractor 35.
  • the device according to the invention provides valuable information about the state of the strand-mold interfaces, since the measurement signal always corresponds to the true frictional force. Incorrectly set molds (i.e. molds with incorrectly set taper) or unsuitable casting powder can be detected with this device during casting and not only by visual inspection of the finished cast slab with surface cracks.
  • the signals of the pressure cells 26 are individually displayed.
  • adjustable subtracting devices 35 ' are used, which compensate for a different load-bearing behavior of the pressure load cells 26.
  • a separate peak value rectifier 37 is connected to each subtractor 35 '.
  • the alarm device 39 is designed in such a way that a signal is given when the display of an individual pressure cell 26 already exceeds a predetermined value recognized as permissible.
  • the display devices 38 can be used to determine from which pressure transducer 26 a measured value that is above the permissible value comes, so that the location of a “shell hanger” can be approximately determined.
  • the water tank 6 ' into which the mold side walls 2', 3 'are inserted, is lifted by means of oscillating levers 43, 44 (located one behind the other in FIG. 5) of the lifting table 6 ".
  • the oscillating levers 43, 44 are connected to an oscillating drive 48 via coupling rods 45, 46 and a lever 47.
  • the stationary support frame on which the oscillating lever is mounted is designated by 49.
  • Strain gauges 50, 51 are bonded to each of the oscillating levers 43, 44 and determine the elongation of these levers as a result of deflection. Since the deflection and the levers 43, 44 are only slight due to the frictional forces acting on the strand-mold side wall interfaces, a strain gauge 50 is glued in the longitudinal direction and one (51) in the transverse direction to increase the sensitivity on both levers 43, 44.
  • the measurement signal is registered on a recorder 52, the signal pulsating through the oscillation being amplified beforehand by means of a carrier frequency measuring amplifier 53 and rectified by means of a rectifier 54.
  • the pure acceleration forces acting on the mold which are also detected by the strain gauges 50, 51 and which are necessary to move the mass of the mold up and down at the oscillation frequency, are subtracted. This is done by detecting the mass forces of the mold by means of the acceleration sensor 31 and subtracting the signals determined by the acceleration sensor 31 from the signal of the strain gauges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung an einer während des Betriebs ständig oszillierenden Stranggießkokille, insbesondere Stahlbrammen-Stranggießkokille, zum Ermitteln der zwischen den Seitenwänden der Kokille und der Strangoberfläche herrschenden Reibungskräfte.The invention relates to a device on a continuous casting mold that is constantly oscillating during operation, in particular steel slab casting mold, for determining the frictional forces prevailing between the side walls of the mold and the surface of the strand.

Beim Stranggießen kann es durch Aufreißen der Strangschale zu einem Auslaufen der flüssigen Metallschmelze und damit zu einem Betriebsstillstand der Stranggießanlage kommen. Etwa 70 % der Strangschalendurchbrüche haben ihre Ursache in einem Hängenbleiben der Strangschale an einer Kupferseitenwand der Kokille. Um solche « Schalenhänger » zu vermeiden, hat man bisher während des Gießens die Schmelze laufend visuell beobachtet. Kommt es zu einem Herauswachsen der Strangschale aus der Badoberfläche, ist die Schale in der Kokille gerissen und höchste Gefahr für ein Auslaufen der flüssigen Metallschmelze gegeben. Durch sofortiges Stoppen des Gießens gelingt es manchmal in solchen Situationen, ein Auslaufen der Metallschmelze zu vermeiden. Für das visuelle Beobachten der Strangschale benötigt man einen eigenen Mitarbeiter, der sich in unmittelbarer Nähe der Badoberfläche aufhalten muß, was mit nicht unbeträchtlichen Gefahren verbunden ist. Da oft über längere Zeiträume der Betrieb der Anlage ordnungsgemäß abläuft, kann die Konzentration dieses Beobachters nachlassen, sodaß ein zeitgerechtes Einschreiten, d. h. Stoppen des Gießens, nicht möglich ist, da dieser Mitarbeiter das Herauswachsen der Strangschale nicht sogleich im Anfangsstadium bemerkt.In the case of continuous casting, the tearing of the continuous shell can lead to the liquid metal melt escaping and thus to the operational shutdown of the continuous casting plant. About 70% of the strand shell breakthroughs are caused by the strand shell getting stuck on a copper side wall of the mold. In order to avoid such “shell hangers”, the melt has been continuously observed visually during the casting. If the strand shell grows out of the bath surface, the shell is torn in the mold and there is a high risk of the liquid metal melt escaping. Stopping the casting immediately in such situations sometimes prevents the molten metal from escaping. For the visual observation of the strand shell you need your own employee who must be in the immediate vicinity of the bathroom surface, which is associated with not inconsiderable dangers. Since the operation of the system often runs properly over longer periods of time, the concentration of this observer can decrease, so that timely intervention, i. H. Stopping the pouring is not possible since this employee does not immediately notice the strand shell growing out in the initial stage.

Es ist aus der DE-OS 27 43 579 bekannt, mit Hilfe eines Beschleunigungsmessers diejenigen Beschleunigungskomponenten zu erfassen und sichtbar zu machen, welche nicht auf die der Kokille beaufschlagte Pendelbewegung zurückzuführen sind. Tritt eine Abweichung dieser sichtbar gemachten Schwingungen der Kokille (mit einer Frequenz höher als ihre Oszillierfrequenz) gegenüber früheren, bei ordnungsgemäßem Gießverlauf beobachteten Schwingungen auf, so wird dies als Anzeichen für mangelnde Schmierung und für ein Hängenbleiben der Strangschale an der Kokille gewertet. Als Abhilfe wird in Abhängigkeit von der beobachteten Schwingungsfrequenz die Pulverzusammensetzung des Gießpulvers geändert. Bei diesem Verfahren ist eine Ausbruchwarnung nur durch genaues Beobachten und durch ständigen Vergleich mit dem durch Erfahrung für gut befundenen Schwingungsverlauf der Kokille gegeben. Abgesehen davon, daß ein solcher Vergleich stets mit subjektiven Fehlern behaftet ist, werden bei diesem Verfahren Änderungen im Oszillierantrieb durch Abnützung und Verschmutzung sowie Änderungen der Oszillierfrequenz, die enorme Störfaktoren beim Beobachten der Schwingungen der Kokille darstellen, ungenügend berücksichtigt. Solche Störfaktoren können nur durch langwierige Vergleichsversuche eliminiert werden.It is known from DE-OS 27 43 579 to use an accelerometer to detect and visualize those acceleration components that are not attributable to the pendulum movement applied to the mold. If there is a deviation of the visible vibrations of the mold (with a frequency higher than its oscillation frequency) compared to previous vibrations observed with the proper course of the casting, this is regarded as an indication of insufficient lubrication and of the strand shell sticking to the mold. As a remedy, the powder composition of the casting powder is changed depending on the observed vibration frequency. With this method, an outbreak warning is only given by careful observation and constant comparison with the vibration profile of the mold, which experience has shown to be good. In addition to the fact that such a comparison is always subject to subjective errors, changes in the oscillation drive due to wear and contamination and changes in the oscillation frequency, which represent enormous disturbing factors when observing the vibrations of the mold, are insufficiently taken into account in this method. Such disruptive factors can only be eliminated by lengthy comparison tests.

Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Einrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht, « Schalenhänger » sofort anzuzeigen und eine verläßliche Warnung vor einem Auslaufen von Metallschmelze zu geben, u. zw. unabhängig von subjektiven Einflüssen.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described in the introduction, which makes it possible to immediately display "shell hangers" and to give a reliable warning of metal melt escaping, and the like. between regardless of subjective influences.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Kokille mit einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer verbunden ist und an der Abstützung der Kokille eine Kraftmeßeinrichtung zur Messung der von der Kokille auf die Abstützung übertragenen Kräfte vorgesehen ist und daß der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer und die Kraftmeßeinrichtungen durch eine elektrische Subtrahierschaltung verbunden sind.This object is achieved in that the mold is connected to an acceleration sensor and a force measuring device for measuring the forces transmitted from the mold to the support is provided on the support of the mold and that the acceleration sensor and the force measuring devices are connected by an electrical subtraction circuit.

Aus der FR-A-1 259 300 ist eine im normalen Gießbetrieb stillstehende, auf Kraftmeßdosen abgestützte Durchlaufkokille bekannt, wobei die Kraftmeßdosen das Gewicht der Kokille und während des Gießens zusätzlich zum Gewicht die zwischen der Kokille und dem gegossenen Strang auftretenden Reibungskräfte messen. Sobald die bei der stillstehenden Kokille gemessenen Reibungskräfte einen bestimmten Wert überschreiten, d. h. die Gefahr eines Strangdurchbruches besteht, wird die Kokille in oszillierende Bewegung versetzt, um die Strangschale von den Kokillenseitenwänden zu lösen. Während des Oszillierens der Kokille ist es infolge der Vielfalt der die Massenkräfte beeinflussenden Faktoren nicht mehr möglich, die Reibungskräfte getrennt von den Massenkräften zu erfassen.FR-A-1 259 300 discloses a continuous mold which is stationary in normal casting operation and is supported on load cells, the load cells measuring the weight of the mold and during the casting, in addition to the weight, the frictional forces occurring between the mold and the cast strand. As soon as the friction forces measured with the stationary mold exceed a certain value, i. H. if there is a risk of strand breakdown, the mold is set into oscillating motion in order to detach the strand shell from the mold side walls. During the oscillation of the mold, it is no longer possible, due to the variety of factors influencing the mass forces, to record the frictional forces separately from the mass forces.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Seitenwände der Kokille an einem Wasserkasten abgestützt sind, ist die Kraftmeßeinrichtung als zwischen den Kokillenseitenwänden und dem Wasserkasten der Kokille vorgesehene Druckmeßdosen ausgebildet.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the side walls of the mold are supported on a water box, the force measuring device is designed as a load cell provided between the mold side walls and the water box of the mold.

Zweckmäßig sind dabei die Druckmeßdosen unterhalb der Breitseitenwände an einer die Breitseitenwände untergreifenden, am Wasserkasten starr befestigten Stützplatte angeordnet.The load cells are expediently arranged below the broad side walls on a support plate which engages underneath the broad side walls and is rigidly fastened to the water tank.

Um auch die Stelle orten zu können, an der ein Schalenhänger auftritt, sind zweckmäßig die Druckmeßdosen jeweils in den an die Schmalseitenwände grenzenden Bereichen unterhalb der Breitseitenwände angeordnet.In order to also be able to locate the point at which a shell hanger occurs, the pressure load cells are expediently arranged in the areas adjacent to the narrow side walls below the broad side walls.

Um einwandfreie Meßergebnisse ohne Verfälschungen zu erhalten, sind die Kokillenseitenwände, insbesondere die Breitseitenwände, vorteilhaft am Wasserkasten in vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar befestigt.In order to obtain flawless measurement results without falsification, the mold side walls, in particular the wide side walls, are advantageously fastened to the water tank in a vertically displaceable manner.

Dabei ist zweckmäßig eine Kokillenseitenwand, insbesondere eine Breitseitenwand, mit dem Wasserkasten mittels Gelenkstangen, die sowohl am Wasserkasten als auch an der Kokillenseitenwand gelenkt befestigt sind, verbunden, wobei vorteilhaft zwei einander gegenüberliegende Kokillenseitenwände, insbesondere Breitseitenwände, miteinander mittels an den Kokillenseitenwänden gelenkig gelagerter Bolzen verbunden sind.In this case, a mold side wall, in particular a broad side wall, is expediently connected to the water tank by means of articulated rods, which are fastened in a steered manner both to the water tank and to the mold side wall, two mutually opposite mold side walls, in particular Breitsei, advantageously being used ten walls, are connected to one another by means of bolts which are articulated on the mold side walls.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Druckmeßdose mit einer die Werte der Druckmeßdosen summierenden Addiereinrichtung verbunden ist, daß der Addiereinrichtung eine das Eigengewicht der Kokillenseitenwände subtrahierende Tariereinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist und daß im Anschluß an die die Werte des Beschleunigungsaufnehmers subtrahierende Subtrahiereinrichtung ein Spitzenwertgleichrichter vorgesehen ist, dessen Ausgangssignal einem Anzeigegerät zugeleitet ist.An expedient embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that each pressure transducer is connected to an adding device which sums the values of the pressure transducers, that the adding device is followed by a tare device which subtracts the dead weight of the mold side walls, and that, after the subtracting device subtracting the values of the accelerometer, a peak value rectifier is provided, the output signal of which is fed to a display device.

Zur Erfassung des Ortes, an dem eine erhöhte Reibung auftritt, ist vorteilhaft jede Druckmeßdose mit einer eigenen abgleichbaren Subtrahiereinrichtung verbunden, ist jeder Subtrahiereinrichtung ein eigener Spitzenwertgleichrichter nachgeschaltet und sind die Ausgangssignale jedes Spitzenwertgleichrichters jeweils einem eigenen Anzeigegerät zugeleitet.To detect the location where increased friction occurs, each pressure transducer is advantageously connected to its own adjustable subtractor, each subtractor has its own peak value rectifier and the output signals of each peak value rectifier are each fed to their own display device.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform, bei der die Seitenwände der Kokille an einem Wasserkasten abgestützt sind und der Wasserkasten mittels Oszillierhebel an einen Oszillierantrieb gekoppelt ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kraftmeßeinrichtung als an den Oszillierhebeln befestigte Dehnmeßstreifen ausgebildet ist.A further embodiment, in which the side walls of the mold are supported on a water box and the water box is coupled to an oscillating drive by means of an oscillating lever, is characterized in that the force measuring device is designed as a strain gauge attached to the oscillating levers.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung an mehreren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Kokille und Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1 zeigen. Die Fig. 3 und 4 veranschaulichen zwei verschiedene Schaltschemen für die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung nach den Fig. 1 und 2. In Fig. 5 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform in Seitenansicht gezeigt ; Fig. 6 zeigt das zugehörige Schaltschema.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing using several schematically illustrated exemplary embodiments, FIG. 1 showing a plan view of a mold and FIG. 2 a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1. 3 and 4 illustrate two different circuit diagrams for the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 5 a further embodiment is shown in side view; Fig. 6 shows the associated circuit diagram.

Bei der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die vier, einen rechteckigen Innenraum 1 begrenzenden Kokillenseitenwände 2 bis 5, u. zw. die Breitseitenwände 2, 3 und die Schmalseitenwände 4, 5, innerhalb eines diese Seitenwände rahmenartig umgebenden Wasserkastens 6 eingesetzt..Der Wasserkasten 6 ist hohl ausgebildet. Eine (2) der Breitseitenwände, u. zw. die sogenannte Festseite, ist am Wasserkasten 6 in horizontaler Richtung zwar einstellbar gelagert, jedoch nach einer einmalig erfolgten Einstellung in horizontaler Richtung fixiert. Sie ist lediglich in vertikaler Richtung gegenüber dem Wasserkasten 6 verschiebbar. Dazu dienen obere und untere Gelenkstangen 7, 8, die am Wasserkasten 6 und an der Kokillenseitenwand 2 mittels Gelenke 9, 10 beweglich gelagert sind.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the four mold side walls 2 to 5 delimiting a rectangular interior 1 are u. between the broad side walls 2, 3 and the narrow side walls 4, 5, inserted within a water box 6 surrounding these side walls in a frame-like manner. The water box 6 is hollow. One (2) of the wide side walls, u. Between the so-called fixed side, it is adjustable on the water tank 6 in the horizontal direction, but is fixed in the horizontal direction after a one-time adjustment. It can only be displaced in the vertical direction with respect to the water tank 6. For this purpose there are upper and lower joint rods 7, 8, which are movably mounted on the water tank 6 and on the mold side wall 2 by means of joints 9, 10.

Die beiden Breitseitenwände 2, 3 sind mittels Bolzen 11, 12 miteinander verbunden. Jeder dieser Bolzen 11, 12 ist an der die Festseite bildenden Breitseitenwand 2 mittels eines Kugelgelenkes 13 gelenkig gelagert und mittels eines weiteren Kugelgelenkes 14 mit einem in einem Federtopf 15 verschiebbar geführten Kolben 16 verbunden. Die Bolzen 11, 12 könnten auch starr mit den Seitenwänden 2, 3 verbunden sein ; es müßte aber in diesem Fall eine elastische Durchbiegung der Bolzen 11, 12 bei einer Vertikalbewegung der Seitenwände 2, 3 in Kauf genommen werden. Der Federtopf 15 hat die Aufgabe, die beiden Breitseitenwände 2, 3 zueinander zu pressen, um dem ferrostatischen Druck der in den Innenraum 1 gegossenen Schmelze standzuhalten.The two broad side walls 2, 3 are connected to one another by means of bolts 11, 12. Each of these bolts 11, 12 is articulated on the broad side wall 2 forming the fixed side by means of a ball joint 13 and connected by means of a further ball joint 14 to a piston 16 which is displaceably guided in a spring cup 15. The bolts 11, 12 could also be rigidly connected to the side walls 2, 3; in this case, however, an elastic deflection of the bolts 11, 12 would have to be accepted when the side walls 2, 3 moved vertically. The spring cup 15 has the task of pressing the two broad side walls 2, 3 towards one another in order to withstand the ferrostatic pressure of the melt poured into the interior 1.

Die Schmalseitenwände 4, 5 stützen sich an den Breitseitenwänden 2, 3 mittels an ihren Oberseiten angeordneter Stützleisten 17 ab. Die Schmalseitenwände 4, 5 können über an ihnen mittels Gelenke 18 angelenkter Stellspindeln 19 auf die jeweils gewünschte Strangbreite eingestellt werden. Zum Verstellen der die Losseite bildenden Breitseitenwand 3 (zum Zweck des Einstellens unterschiedlicher Brammendicken) sind ebenfalls Stellmittel, beispielsweise Druckmittelzylinder 20, vorgesehen. Die Bolzen 11, 12 werden dabei gegenüber dem Kugelgelenk 13 in ihrer Längsrichtung verstellt.The narrow side walls 4, 5 are supported on the broad side walls 2, 3 by means of support strips 17 arranged on their upper sides. The narrow side walls 4, 5 can be adjusted to the respectively desired strand width by means of adjusting spindles 19 articulated on them by means of joints 18. To adjust the broad side wall 3 forming the loose side (for the purpose of setting different slab thicknesses), adjusting means, for example pressure medium cylinders 20, are also provided. The bolts 11, 12 are adjusted relative to the ball joint 13 in their longitudinal direction.

Die Schmal- und Breitseitenwände 2 bis 5 sind hohl ausgebildet und über Kühlwasserzu- und Kühlwasserableitungsrohre 21 mit dem Hohlraum 22 des Wasserkastens 6 leitungsmäßig verbunden. Für die verstellbaren Seitenwände sind diese Rohre 21 als Teleskoprohre ausgebildet. Um die gegenüber dem Wasserkasten erforderliche vertikale Beweglichkeit der Kokillenseitenwände nicht zu behindern, sind die Rohre 21 so ausgebildet, daß sie eine Bewegung der Kokillenseitenwände 2 bis 5 in vertikaler Richtung zulassen. An der Unterseite der Breitseitenwände 2, 3 sind Fußrollen 23 mittels Konsolen 24 befestigt.The narrow and broad side walls 2 to 5 are hollow and are connected in line with the cavity 22 of the water box 6 via cooling water supply and cooling water discharge pipes 21. These tubes 21 are designed as telescopic tubes for the adjustable side walls. In order not to hinder the vertical mobility of the mold side walls, as compared to the water tank, the tubes 21 are designed in such a way that they allow the mold side walls 2 to 5 to move in the vertical direction. On the underside of the broad side walls 2, 3 casters 23 are fastened by means of brackets 24.

Die Unterseite des Wasserkastens 6 weist eine bis unter die Breitseitenwände 2, 3 reichende Stützplatte 25 auf, an der sich die Breitseitenwände 2, 3 über Druckmeßdosen 26 abstützen. Die Druckmeßdosen 26 sind in an der Unterseite der Breitseitenwände vorgesehene Ausnehmungen 27 eingesetzt und an die Ausnehmungen 27 nach oben begrenzenden Deckplatten 28 angeschraubt. Die Druckmeßdosen sind auch mit der Stützplatte 25 des Wasserkastens 6 verschraubt, wobei die an der die Losseite bildenden Breitseitenwand 3 vorgesehenen Druckmeßdosen 26 in Längsschlitzen 29 dieser Stützplatte 25 verschiebbar sind.The underside of the water tank 6 has a support plate 25 which extends below the broad side walls 2, 3 and on which the broad side walls 2, 3 are supported by pressure transducers 26. The pressure cells 26 are inserted into recesses 27 provided on the underside of the broad side walls and screwed onto the cover plates 28 which delimit the recesses 27 upwards. The pressure cells are also screwed to the support plate 25 of the water tank 6, the pressure cells 26 provided on the wide side wall 3 forming the loss side being displaceable in longitudinal slots 29 of this support plate 25.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, sind insgesamt vier Druckmeßdosen 26 vorgesehen, wobei die . Druckmeßdosen jeweils in den an die Schmalseitenwände 4, 5 grenzenden Bereichen unterhalb der Breitseitenwände 2, 3 angeordnet sind. An einer Seitenwand 30 des Wasserkastens 6 ist ein Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 31 befestigt.As can be seen from Fig. 1, a total of four pressure cells 26 are provided, the. Pressure transducers are each arranged in the areas adjacent to the narrow side walls 4, 5 below the broad side walls 2, 3. An acceleration sensor 31 is attached to a side wall 30 of the water tank 6.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein zu dieser Einrichtung gehörendes Schema der Schaltung. Von den vier Druckmeßdosen 26 führt jeweils eine Leitung 32 zu einer Addiereinrichtung 33, der eine Tariereinrichtung 34 nachgeschaltet ist. Die Tariereinrichtung 34 subtrahiert das statische Eigengewicht der Kokillenseitenwände von der Summe der Meßwerte der vier Druckmeßdosen 26. In der nachgeschalteten Subtrahiereinrichtung 35 wird die vom Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 31 ermittelte, in einem Verstärker 36 verstärkte dynamische Massenkraft der Kokille abgezogen. Der Subtrahiereinrichtung 35 nachgeschaltet ist ein Spitzenwertgleichrichter 37, dessen Ausgangssignal an ein Anzeigegerät 38 bzw. an ein Alarmgerät 39 weitergegeben wird. Weiters ist noch ein Anzeigegerät 40 für den Momentanwert an die zwischen Subtrahiereinrichtung 35 und Gleichrichter 37 vorgesehene Leitung 41 angeschlossen.3 shows a diagram of the circuit belonging to this device. A line 32 leads from each of the four load cells 26 to an adder 33, which is followed by a taring device 34. The tare device 34 subtracts the static eigenge weight of the mold side walls from the sum of the measured values of the four pressure transducers 26. In the downstream subtracting device 35, the dynamic mass force of the mold, determined by the accelerometer 31 and amplified in an amplifier 36, is subtracted. Downstream of the subtracting device 35 is a peak value rectifier 37, the output signal of which is passed on to a display device 38 or to an alarm device 39. Furthermore, a display device 40 for the instantaneous value is connected to the line 41 provided between the subtracting device 35 and the rectifier 37.

Die Funktion der Einrichtung ist folgende : Bei Auftreten einer Reibungskraft zwischen Strangschale und den Kupferplatten 42 der Kokillenseitenwände 2 bis 5 werden die Seitenwände mehr oder weniger nach unten gepreßt, je nachdem, ob sich die Kokille während des Oszillierens gerade nach unten oder nach oben bewegt. Dadurch werden die Druckmeßdosen 26 mehr oder weniger belastet und die Kokillenseitenwände 2 bis 5 entsprechend der Nachgibigkeit der Druckmeßdosen 26 um ein - allerdings nur sehr geringes Maß. - in vertikaler Richtung gegenüber dem Wasserkasten 6 verschoben. Die von den vier Druckmeßdosen 26 erfaßten Werte werden addiert, von diesem Summenwert wird in der Tariereinrichtung 34 das statische Eigengewicht abgezogen und von diesem Wert wiederum in der Subtrahiereinrichtung 35 die Beschleunigungskraft abgezogen. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß bei frei oszillierender (d. h. ohne Reibungskraft oszillierender) Kokille am Ausgang der Subtrahiereinrichtung 35 unabhängig von der Oszillierfrequenz kein Signal entsteht. Erst eine zusätzlich wirkende Reibungskraft gibt dort ein Signal. Dieses Signal ist mit der Oszillierfrequenz moduliert, da die Kokille bei der Auf- und Abbewegung den Strang überholt. Da nur eine Zugkraft die Strangschale aufreißen kann, wird der Spitzenwert des Signals bei Aufwärtsbewegung der Kokille mittels eines Spitzenwertgleichrichters 37 ermittelt. Die Alarmeinrichtung 39 zeigt an, falls ein vorher eingestellter, als zulässig erkannter Wert überschritten wird.The function of the device is as follows: If a frictional force occurs between the strand shell and the copper plates 42 of the mold side walls 2 to 5, the side walls are pressed down more or less, depending on whether the mold moves straight down or up during the oscillation. As a result, the load cells 26 are loaded to a greater or lesser extent and the mold side walls 2 to 5 according to the flexibility of the load cells 26 by one - but only to a very small extent . - Moved in the vertical direction relative to the water tank 6. The values detected by the four pressure transducers 26 are added, the static dead weight is subtracted from this total value in the tare device 34 and the acceleration force is subtracted from this value in the subtractor 35. It is thereby achieved that, in the case of a mold that oscillates freely (ie oscillates without frictional force), no signal is produced at the output of the subtracting device 35, regardless of the oscillation frequency. Only an additional frictional force gives a signal there. This signal is modulated with the oscillation frequency because the mold overtakes the strand during the up and down movement. Since only one tensile force can tear the strand shell, the peak value of the signal when the mold moves up is determined by means of a peak value rectifier 37. The alarm device 39 indicates if a previously set value recognized as permissible is exceeded.

Mit dieser Meßeinrichtung kann ein drohender Ausbruch flüssigen Materials frühzeitig erkannt werden. Wird aufgrund einer zu großen Reibungskraft die Gießgeschwindigkeit zurückgenommen - was ein stärkeres Schalenwachstum zur Folge hat - bis sich wieder ein normaler Gießzustand einpendelt, können die sonst wegen Ausbruchgefahr notwendigen Gießabbrüche vermieden werden. Des weiteren bringt die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung wertvolle Aufschlüsse über den Zustand der Grenzflächen Strang-Kokille, da das Meßsignal stets der wahren Reibungskraft entspricht. Fehlerhaft eingestellte Kokillen (d. h. Kokillen mit fehlerhaft eingestellter Konizität) bzw. ungeeignetes Gießpulver können mit dieser Einrichtung bereits während des Gießens erkannt werden und nicht erst durch Sichtprüfung an der fertig gegossenen, Oberflächenrisse aufweisenden Bramme.With this measuring device, an impending outbreak of liquid material can be recognized at an early stage. If the casting speed is reduced due to an excessive frictional force - which results in a stronger shell growth - until a normal pouring state settles again, the pouring stops that would otherwise be necessary due to the risk of breakouts can be avoided. Furthermore, the device according to the invention provides valuable information about the state of the strand-mold interfaces, since the measurement signal always corresponds to the true frictional force. Incorrectly set molds (i.e. molds with incorrectly set taper) or unsuitable casting powder can be detected with this device during casting and not only by visual inspection of the finished cast slab with surface cracks.

Bei dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Schaltschema sind die Signale der Druckmeßdosen 26 einzeln zur Anzeige gebracht. Zur Kompensation der Beschleunigungskräfte werden abgleichbare Subtrahiereinrichtungen 35' verwendet, die ein unterschiedliches Tragverhalten der Druckmeßdosen 26 ausgleichen. An jede Subtrahiereinrichtung 35' ist jeweils ein eigener Spitzenwertgleichrichter 37 angeschlossen. Die Alarmeinrichtung 39 ist in diesem Fall so ausgelegt, daß Signal gegeben wird, wenn bereits die Anzeige einer einzelnen Druckmeßdose 26 einen vorgegebenen, als zulässig erkannten Wert überschreitet. An den Anzeigegeräten 38 läßt sich feststellen, von welcher Druckmeßdose 26 ein über dem zulässigen Wert liegender Meßwert kommt, sodaß der Ort eines « Schalenhängers annähernd bestimmt werden kann.In the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 4, the signals of the pressure cells 26 are individually displayed. In order to compensate for the acceleration forces, adjustable subtracting devices 35 'are used, which compensate for a different load-bearing behavior of the pressure load cells 26. A separate peak value rectifier 37 is connected to each subtractor 35 '. In this case, the alarm device 39 is designed in such a way that a signal is given when the display of an individual pressure cell 26 already exceeds a predetermined value recognized as permissible. The display devices 38 can be used to determine from which pressure transducer 26 a measured value that is above the permissible value comes, so that the location of a “shell hanger” can be approximately determined.

Bei der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist der Wasserkasten 6', in den die Kokillenseitenwände 2', 3' eingesetzt sind, mittels beidseitig des Hubtisches 6" befindlicher Oszillierhebel 43, 44 (in Fig. 5 hintereinander befindlich) heb- und senkbar. Die Oszillierhebel 43, 44 sind über Koppelstangen 45, 46 und einen Hebel 47 an einem Oszillierantrieb 48 angeschlossen. Das ortsfeste Stützgerüst, an dem der Oszillierhebel gelagert ist, ist mit 49 bezeichnet.In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 5, the water tank 6 ', into which the mold side walls 2', 3 'are inserted, is lifted by means of oscillating levers 43, 44 (located one behind the other in FIG. 5) of the lifting table 6 ". The oscillating levers 43, 44 are connected to an oscillating drive 48 via coupling rods 45, 46 and a lever 47. The stationary support frame on which the oscillating lever is mounted is designated by 49.

An jedem der Oszillierhebel 43, 44 sind jeweils Dehnmeßstreifen 50, 51 aufgeklebt, die die Dehnung dieser Hebel infolge Durchbiegung ermitteln. Da die Durchbiegund der Hebel 43, 44 durch die an den Grenzflächen Strang-Kokillenseitenwand wirkenden Reibungskräfte nur gering ist, sind zur Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit an beiden Hebeln 43, 44 je ein Dehnmeßstreifen 50 in Längs- und einer (51) in Querrichtung aufgeklebt.Strain gauges 50, 51 are bonded to each of the oscillating levers 43, 44 and determine the elongation of these levers as a result of deflection. Since the deflection and the levers 43, 44 are only slight due to the frictional forces acting on the strand-mold side wall interfaces, a strain gauge 50 is glued in the longitudinal direction and one (51) in the transverse direction to increase the sensitivity on both levers 43, 44.

Die Registrierung des Meßsignals erfolgt auf einem Schreiber 52, wobei das durch das Oszillieren pulsierende Signal vorher mittels eines Trägerfrequenz-Meßverstärkers 53 verstärkt und mittels eines Gleichrichters 54 gleichgerichtet wird. Auch bei dieser Einrichtung werden die auf die Kokille wirkenden reinen Beschleunigungskräfte, die von den Dehnmeßstreifen 50, 51 miterfaßt werden und die notwendig sind, um die Masse der Kokille mit Oszillierfrequenz auf und ab zu bewegen, abgezogen. Dies geschieht durch Erfassen der Massenkräfte der Kokille mittels des Beschleunigungsaufnehmers 31 und Subtrahieren der vom Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 31 ermittelten Signale von dem Signal der Dehnmeßstreifen.The measurement signal is registered on a recorder 52, the signal pulsating through the oscillation being amplified beforehand by means of a carrier frequency measuring amplifier 53 and rectified by means of a rectifier 54. With this device too, the pure acceleration forces acting on the mold, which are also detected by the strain gauges 50, 51 and which are necessary to move the mass of the mold up and down at the oscillation frequency, are subtracted. This is done by detecting the mass forces of the mold by means of the acceleration sensor 31 and subtracting the signals determined by the acceleration sensor 31 from the signal of the strain gauges.

Claims (11)

1. An arrangement at a continuous casting mold permanently reciprocating during operation, in particular a steel slab continuous casting plant, for determining the frictional forces prevailing between the side walls (2 to 5 ; 2', 3') of the mold and the strand surface, characterized in that the mold is connected with an acceleration sensor (31), a force-measuring means (26 ; 50, 51) is provided on the support (25 ; 43, 44) of the mold for measuring the forces transmitted from the mold to the support, and that the acceleration pick-up (31) and the force-measuring means (26 ; 50, 51) are connected by an electric subtraction mounting.
2. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the side walls (2 to 5) of the mold are supported on a water box (6), characterized in that the force-measuring means is designed as pressure pickups (26) provided between the mold side walls (2, 3) and the water box (6) of the mold (Figs. 1 and 2).
3. An arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure pickups (26) are arranged below the broad-side walls (2, 3) on a supporting plate (25) contacting the broad-side walls from below and rigidly fastened to the water box (6).
4. An arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure pickups (26) are each arranged in the regions bordering at the narrow-side walls (4, 5) below the broad-side walls (2, 3).
5. An arrangement according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the mold side walls (2 to 5), in particular the broad-side walls (2, 3), are fastened to the water box (6) so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction.
6. An arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that a mold side wall, in particular a broad-side wall (2), is connected with the water box (6) by means of articulation rods (7, 8), which are articulately fastened both to the water box (6) and to the mold side wall (2).
7. An arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that two oppositely arranged mold side walls, in particular broad-side walls (2, 3), are connected with each other by means of pins (11, 12) articulately mounted on the mold side walls (2, 3).
8. An arrangement according to claims 2 to 7, characterized in that each pressure pickup (26) is connected with an adding device (33) adding up the values of the pressure pickups, that the adding device (33) is followed by a tare device (34) subtracting the dead weight of the mold side walls, and that, following the subtraction means (35) subtracting the values of the acceleration sensor (31), a peak value rectifier (37) is provided, whose output signal is transferred to a display (38, 39) (Fig. 3).
9. An arrangement according to claims 2 to 7, characterized in that each pressure pickup (26) is connected with a separate adjustable subtraction means (35'), each subtraction means (35') is followed by a separate peak value rectifier (37), and the output signals of each peak value rectifier are each supplied to a separate display (38) (Fig. 4).
10. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the side walls (2', 3') of the mold are supported on a water box (6') and the water box (6') is coupled to an oscillation drive (48) by means of oscillation levers (43, 44), characterized in that the force-measuring means is designed as wire strain gauges (50, 51) fastened to the oscillation levers (43, 44) (Fig. 5).
11. An arrangement according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (31) is fastened to the water box (6, 6').
EP19810890115 1980-07-11 1981-07-07 Means for measuring the frictional force between the mould and the strand at continuous casting Expired EP0044291B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT3619/80 1980-07-11
AT361980A AT366607B (en) 1980-07-11 1980-07-11 FURNISHING ON AN OSCILLATING CONTINUOUS CHILLING

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EP0044291A1 EP0044291A1 (en) 1982-01-20
EP0044291B1 true EP0044291B1 (en) 1984-04-11

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DE3300327C2 (en) * 1983-01-07 1985-01-10 Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg Method for breakthrough warning in a continuous caster and device for carrying out this method
US4532975A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-08-06 United States Steel Corporation Continuous casting mold oscillator load indication system
IT1212748B (en) * 1983-06-03 1989-11-30 Ates Componenti Elettron IMPROVED DIFFERENTIAL STAGE, IN PARTICULAR FOR ACTIVE FILTERS.
AT379335B (en) * 1984-05-10 1985-12-27 Voest Alpine Ag FURNISHING ON A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM WITH AN OSCILLATING CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE SUSPENDED OR SUPPORTED ON A FIXED POST
FR2593098B1 (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-04-01 Fives Cail Babcock IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINES.
DE3632333C2 (en) * 1986-09-24 1993-12-02 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Device for monitoring the vibrations of a continuous casting mold
US4762164A (en) * 1987-08-20 1988-08-09 Usx Corporation Mold friction monitoring for breakout protection
DE3735883A1 (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-05-03 Thyssen Stahl Ag CHOCOLATE TO CONTINUOUSLY
SE8901695D0 (en) * 1989-05-11 1989-05-11 Contech Handelsbolag SETTING AND EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING OF STRING
WO1994005449A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-17 Concast Standard Ag Device for measuring the frictional force in a continuous-casting mould
DE19515316C1 (en) * 1995-04-19 1996-08-29 Mannesmann Ag Method for operating a mold
DE19915269A1 (en) * 1999-04-03 2000-10-26 Sms Demag Ag Procedure for determining the friction between the continuous shell and the mold during continuous casting
CN100430712C (en) * 2005-11-29 2008-11-05 天津理工大学 Method for detecting crystellizer drawing slock resistance and detecting device

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FR1583107A (en) * 1968-08-07 1969-10-17
GB1556616A (en) * 1976-06-18 1979-11-28 British Steel Corp Steelmaking

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ATA361980A (en) 1981-09-15
AT366607B (en) 1982-04-26

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