EP0042898A1 - Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap - Google Patents

Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0042898A1
EP0042898A1 EP80400979A EP80400979A EP0042898A1 EP 0042898 A1 EP0042898 A1 EP 0042898A1 EP 80400979 A EP80400979 A EP 80400979A EP 80400979 A EP80400979 A EP 80400979A EP 0042898 A1 EP0042898 A1 EP 0042898A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
magnetic circuit
obtuse angle
end bars
shaped part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80400979A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0042898B1 (en
Inventor
Gilles Desombre
Marc Dujardin
Gérard Haroux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sa Clarel
Original Assignee
Sa Clarel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sa Clarel filed Critical Sa Clarel
Priority to EP80400979A priority Critical patent/EP0042898B1/en
Priority to AT80400979T priority patent/ATE9749T1/en
Priority to DE8080400979T priority patent/DE3069353D1/en
Priority to DK244581A priority patent/DK244581A/en
Priority to IE1423/81A priority patent/IE51834B1/en
Priority to FI812017A priority patent/FI75446C/en
Priority to NO812219A priority patent/NO812219L/en
Priority to PT73282A priority patent/PT73282B/en
Priority to GR65383A priority patent/GR74360B/en
Priority to ES1981272474U priority patent/ES272474Y/en
Publication of EP0042898A1 publication Critical patent/EP0042898A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0042898B1 publication Critical patent/EP0042898B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminated magnetic circuit with fixed gap, composed of an E-part and an I-part and in which the length of the end bars of the E-part determines the thickness of the air gap in front of the middle bar of this part in E.
  • the object of the invention is such a laminated circuit suitable for example for a ballast for fluorescent lamps having high guarantees of maintenance of its reactance value during the service life and offering facilities for adjusting the reactance value during its manufacture.
  • the magnetic circuit according to the invention is characterized in that the side of the I-part resting on the end bars of the E-part forms with the sides at the end of the I-part an obtuse angle and in this that the two end bars of the part in E each have an extension disposed one of the other at the distance of the length of the part in I to embrace the part in I by marrying said obtuse angle.
  • Figure 1 of the drawing is a section through a magnetic circuit according to the invention, carried out between two lamellae of the laminating of the parts at E and at I.
  • Figure 2 is a view of a sheet to be cut.
  • a part at E comprising two end arms 2 and a median arm 3 shorter than the thickness of the air gap is covered with a part at 1 4.
  • the side of part 4 resting on the bars 2 form with the sides at the end of the part 4 an obtuse angle ⁇ .
  • the two bars 2 each have an extension 5.
  • the two extensions 5 are arranged one from the other at the distance of the length of the part 4 to embrace the part 4 by marrying the obtuse angle ⁇ . Thanks to this arrangement, the part 4 is kept correctly centered on the part in E.
  • the dimensions are chosen so that the span is ensured between the ends of the part 4 in I and the parts of the bars 2.
  • the obtuse angle ⁇ is for example from 91 to 120 °. It is chosen relatively close to a right angle, in order to prevent part 4 from detaching from the part at E.
  • part 4 is kept centered with respect to the part at E, it is easy to adjust the mean value of the air gap or what amounts to the same value of the reactance if it is the magnetic circuit of a ballast choke for example. To do this, it suffices to deform by punctual depressions dosed and limited in one or more places one or more lamellas of the lamination of the part 4 in I so that they approach the bar 3.
  • the fact of proceeding by punctual depressions, equidistant or not, allows not to introduce a distant material, plastically deformable in the air gap, such as aluminum., as is done for example if the entire part in I is the subject of a depression.
  • impregnation channels are thus reserved along not only the air gap and the coil, but also holes 6 which provide a channel d 'impregnation at a particularly critical location likely to be a source of noise, because it is opposite the air gap.
  • Other impregnation channels are provided between the ends of the arms 2 and the housing where all pressure in the direction of part 4 is avoided in order not to compromise the main contact between the parts in ⁇ and in I.
  • the invention also makes it possible to obtain greater precision of the air gap from the start.
  • the faces defining the air gap are cut by a punching (hatched surface 9) much more precise than a shearing which takes place along line 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Supporting Of Heads In Record-Carrier Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, comprising and E-shaped part and an I-shaped part (4), and wherein the lenght of the end bars (2) of the E part determines the depth of the air gap opposite the central bar (3) of this E part, characterized in that the side of the I part (4) which rests on the end bars (2) of the E part forms an obtuse angle (alpha) wiht the sides at the end of the part I part (4), and in that the two end bars (2) of the E part each have a prolongation (5) and these are arranged at a distance from one another corresponding to the lenght of the I part (4), so as to fit the shape of the said obtuse angle (alpha) in engaging about the I part (4).

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un circuit magnétique feuilleté à entre-fer fixe, composé d'une partie en E et d'une partie en I et dans lequel la longueur des barres d'extrémité de la partie en E détermine l'épaisseur de l'entrefer en face de la barre médiane de cette partie en E.The present invention relates to a laminated magnetic circuit with fixed gap, composed of an E-part and an I-part and in which the length of the end bars of the E-part determines the thickness of the air gap in front of the middle bar of this part in E.

Le but de l'invention est un tel circuit feuilleté convenant par exemple à un ballast pour lampes fluorescentes présentant des garanties élevées de maintien de sa valeur de réactance pendant la durée de vie et offrant des facilités d'ajustage de la valeur de réactance lors de sa fabrication.The object of the invention is such a laminated circuit suitable for example for a ballast for fluorescent lamps having high guarantees of maintenance of its reactance value during the service life and offering facilities for adjusting the reactance value during its manufacture.

Le circuit magnétique suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le côté de la partie en I reposant sur les barres d'extrémité de la partie en E forme avec les cotés à l'extrémité de la partie en I un angle obtus et en ce que les deux barres d'extrémité de la partie en E possèdent chacune un prolongement disposés l'un de l'autre à la distance de la longueur de la partie en I pour embrasser la partie en I en épousant le dit angle obtus.The magnetic circuit according to the invention is characterized in that the side of the I-part resting on the end bars of the E-part forms with the sides at the end of the I-part an obtuse angle and in this that the two end bars of the part in E each have an extension disposed one of the other at the distance of the length of the part in I to embrace the part in I by marrying said obtuse angle.

L'invention est expliquée ci-dessous par rapport à un exemple d'une forme d'exécution en se référant au dessin annexé.The invention is explained below with respect to an example of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.

La figure 1 du dessin est une coupe d'un circuit magnétique suivant l'invention, menée entre deux lamelles du feuilletage des parties en E et en I. La figure 2 est une vue d'une tôle à découper.Figure 1 of the drawing is a section through a magnetic circuit according to the invention, carried out between two lamellae of the laminating of the parts at E and at I. Figure 2 is a view of a sheet to be cut.

Dans un boîtier 1, une partie en E, comprenant deux bras d'extrémité 2 et un bras médian 3 plus court de l'épaisseur de l'entrefer est recouverte d'une partie en 1 4. Le côté de la partie 4 reposant sur les barres 2 forme avec les côtés à l'extrémité de la partie 4 un angle obtus α. Les deux barres 2 possèdent chacune un prolongement 5. Les deux prolongements 5 sont disposés l'un de l'autre à la distance de la longueur de la partie 4 pour embrasser la partie 4 en épousant l'angle obtus α. Grâce à cette disposition, la partie 4 est maintenue correctement centrée sur la partie en E. Les dimensions sont choisies de telle manière que la portée est assurée entre les extrémités de la partie 4 en I et les parties des barres 2.parallèles à l'extrémité du bras médian et qu'un léger coincement soit assuré entre la partie 4 et les parties obliques des prolongements 5, de manière que le flux principal trouve une section de passage suffisante et que le flux de dispersion à l'endroit des contacts entre partie 4 et barres 2 soit réduit à une valeur très faible. De plus, ainsi les lignes de ce flux de dispersion ne passent pas à travers le boîtier 1 et n'engendrent pas de bruits. L'angle obtus α. est par exemple de 91 à 120°. Il est choisi relativement proche d'un angle droit, afin d'éviter que la partie 4 ne se détache de la partie en E.In a housing 1, a part at E, comprising two end arms 2 and a median arm 3 shorter than the thickness of the air gap is covered with a part at 1 4. The side of part 4 resting on the bars 2 form with the sides at the end of the part 4 an obtuse angle α. The two bars 2 each have an extension 5. The two extensions 5 are arranged one from the other at the distance of the length of the part 4 to embrace the part 4 by marrying the obtuse angle α. Thanks to this arrangement, the part 4 is kept correctly centered on the part in E. The dimensions are chosen so that the span is ensured between the ends of the part 4 in I and the parts of the bars 2. parallel to the end of the middle arm and a slight wedging is ensured between part 4 and the oblique parts of the extensions 5, so that the main flow finds a sufficient passage section and that the dispersion flux at the location of the contacts between part 4 and bars 2 is reduced to a very low value. In addition, thus the lines of this dispersion flux do not pass through the housing 1 and do not generate noise. The obtuse angle α. is for example from 91 to 120 °. It is chosen relatively close to a right angle, in order to prevent part 4 from detaching from the part at E.

Comme la partie 4 est maintenue centrée par rapport à la partie en E, il est facile d'ajuster la valeur moyenne de l'entrefer ou ce qui revient au même la valeur de la réactance s'il s'agit du circuit magnétique d'une self de ballast par exemple. Pour ce faire, il suffit de déformer par enfoncements ponctuels dosés et limités en un ou plusieurs endroits une ou plusieurs lamelles du feuilletage de la partie 4 en I pour qu'elles se rapprochent de la barre 3. Le fait de procéder par enfoncements ponctuels, équidistants ou non, permet de ne pas introduire un matériau distancier, déformable plastiquement dans l'entrefer, comme par exemple de l'aluminium.,comme cela se fait par exemple si l'entièreté de la partie en I fait l'objet d'un enfoncement.As part 4 is kept centered with respect to the part at E, it is easy to adjust the mean value of the air gap or what amounts to the same value of the reactance if it is the magnetic circuit of a ballast choke for example. To do this, it suffices to deform by punctual depressions dosed and limited in one or more places one or more lamellas of the lamination of the part 4 in I so that they approach the bar 3. The fact of proceeding by punctual depressions, equidistant or not, allows not to introduce a distant material, plastically deformable in the air gap, such as aluminum., as is done for example if the entire part in I is the subject of a depression.

Pour faciliter ces enfoncements ponctuels, on peut affaiblir la section des lamelles de la partie en 1 4 en face de la barre 3, notamment en y poinçonnant des trous 6. Il est à remarquer ici que ces trous 6 ne doivent pas servir à l'assemblage du feuilletage de la partie 4. Si toutefois on désirait utiliser les trous 6 à l'assemblage du feuilletage de la partie 4, le diamètre des trous 6 devrait être sensiblement plus grand que le diamètre d'une broche qui les traverse pour permettre précisément les enfoncements ponctuels de certaines lames. Comme l'ajustage par enfoncement ne se fait pas sur toutes les lames, l'entrefer devient un peu irrégulier. On évite les inconvénients de cette irrégularité en choisissant par exemple une série équidistante d'endroits où on pratique les enfoncements.To facilitate these punctual penetrations, one can weaken the section of the lamellae of the part 1 4 opposite the bar 3, in particular by punching holes therein 6. It should be noted here that these holes 6 must not be used for assembly of the lamination of part 4. If, however, it was desired to use the holes 6 in the assembly of the lamination of part 4, the diameter of the holes 6 should be substantially larger than the diameter of a pin passing through them to allow precisely the specific depressions of certain blades. As the push-in adjustment is not done on all the blades, the air gap becomes a little irregular. The drawbacks of this irregularity are avoided by choosing, for example, an equidistant series of places where indentations are practiced.

Lorsque le circuit magnétique feuilleté décrit est utilisé dans un ballast selon le brevet français 1 291 362,des canaux d'imprégnation sont réserves ainsi le long non seulement de l'entrefer et de la bobine, mais aussi des trous 6 qui ménagent un canal d'imprégnation à un endroit particulièrement critique susceptible d'être source de bruits, parce qu'il se trouve en face de l'entrefer. D'autres canaux d'imprégnation sont ménagés entre les extrémités des bras 2 et le boîtier où toute pression en direction de la partie 4 est évitée afin de ne pas compromettre le contact principal entre les parties en È et en I.When the laminated magnetic circuit described is used in a ballast according to French patent 1 291 362, impregnation channels are thus reserved along not only the air gap and the coil, but also holes 6 which provide a channel d 'impregnation at a particularly critical location likely to be a source of noise, because it is opposite the air gap. Other impregnation channels are provided between the ends of the arms 2 and the housing where all pressure in the direction of part 4 is avoided in order not to compromise the main contact between the parts in È and in I.

L'invention permet aussi d'obtenir une plus grande précision de l'entrefer dès le départ. En effet, comme le montre la vue d'une tôle 8 à découper, figure 2, les faces définissant l'entrefer sont découpées par un poiçonnage (surface hachurée 9) beaucoup plus précis qu'un cisaillage qui a lieu selon la ligne 10.The invention also makes it possible to obtain greater precision of the air gap from the start. In fact, as shown in the view of a sheet 8 to be cut, FIG. 2, the faces defining the air gap are cut by a punching (hatched surface 9) much more precise than a shearing which takes place along line 10.

Claims (3)

1. Circuit magnétique feuilleté, à entrefer fixe, composé d'une partie en E et d'une partie (4) en I, et dans lequel la longueur des barres d'extrémité (2) de la partie en E détermine l'épaisseur de l'entrefer en face de la barre médiane (3),
caractérisé en ce que le côté de la partie (4) en I reposant sur les barres d'extrémité (2) de la partie en E forme avec les côtés à 1' extrémité de la partie (4) en I un angle obtus (α) et en ce que les deux barres d'extrémité (2) de la partie en E possèdent deux prolongements (5) disposés l'un de l'autre à la distance de la longueur de la partie (4) en I pour embrasser la partie (4) en I en épousant le dit angle ob tus (α).1. Laminated magnetic circuit, with fixed air gap, composed of an E-shaped part and an I-shaped part (4), in which the length of the end bars (2) of the E-shaped part determines the thickness the air gap in front of the center bar (3),
characterized in that the side of the I-shaped part (4) resting on the end bars (2) of the E-shaped part forms with the sides at the end of the I-shaped part (4) an obtuse angle (α ) and in that the two end bars (2) of the part in E have two extensions (5) arranged one from the other at the distance of the length of the part (4) in I to embrace the part (4) in I by matching the said obtuse angle (α). 2. Circuit magnétique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie (4) en I comprend un affaiblissement de sa section, de préférence un trou (6), en face de la barre médiane (3) de la partie en E.2. Magnetic circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (4) in I comprises a weakening of its section, preferably a hole (6), opposite the center bar (3) of the part in E. 3. Procédé d'ajustage de l'entrefer moyen d'un circuit magnétique suivant une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on déforme par enfoncements ponctuels dosés et limités en un ou plusieurs endroits une ou plusieurs lamelles de la partie (4) en I pour qu'elles se rapprochent de la barre médiane (3) de la partie en E.3. A method of adjusting the air gap by means of a magnetic circuit according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more lamellae of the part are deformed by punctured, limited depressions in one or more places. 4) in I so that they approach the center bar (3) of the part in E.
EP80400979A 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap Expired EP0042898B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80400979A EP0042898B1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap
AT80400979T ATE9749T1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 AIR GAP LAMINATED MAGNETIC CORE AND AIR GAP ADJUSTMENT METHOD.
DE8080400979T DE3069353D1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap
DK244581A DK244581A (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-03 LAMELATED MAGNETIC CIRCUIT WITH FIXED CUTS AND PROCEDURES FOR ADJUSTING THE SIZE OF THE CUTS
IE1423/81A IE51834B1 (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-26 A laminated magnetic circuit with fixed air gap and procedure for adjustment thereof
FI812017A FI75446C (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-26 Magnetic disc circuit with fixed air gap and control method for the air gap.
NO812219A NO812219L (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-29 LAMINATED MAGNETIC CIRCUIT WITH FIXED AIR SPACE AND PROCEDURE WHEN SETTING THE AIR SPACE
PT73282A PT73282B (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-29 FIXED LOOSE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT AND METHOD OF ADJUSTING THE MEDIUM INTERIOR THEREOF
GR65383A GR74360B (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-30 SHEET MAGNETIC CIRCUIT, AFTER STABLE CLEANING AIR AND METHOD OF ADJUSTMENT OF THIS MEDIUM CLEANING AIR
ES1981272474U ES272474Y (en) 1980-06-30 1981-06-30 MAGNETIC CIRCUIT OF SHEETS, OF FIXED GAP.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80400979A EP0042898B1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0042898A1 true EP0042898A1 (en) 1982-01-06
EP0042898B1 EP0042898B1 (en) 1984-10-03

Family

ID=8187379

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400979A Expired EP0042898B1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Laminated magnetic circuit with air gap, and method of adjusting the air gap

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0042898B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE9749T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3069353D1 (en)
DK (1) DK244581A (en)
ES (1) ES272474Y (en)
FI (1) FI75446C (en)
GR (1) GR74360B (en)
IE (1) IE51834B1 (en)
NO (1) NO812219L (en)
PT (1) PT73282B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0104792A1 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-04-04 General Motors Corporation Method of making an ignition coil core
DE19645098A1 (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-14 Vossloh Schwabe Gmbh Coil element such as choke or transformer for ballast of gas-discharge or fluorescent light

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR942323A (en) * 1941-01-28 1949-02-04 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements in the construction of magnetic cores
FR1054551A (en) * 1954-02-11
US3071744A (en) * 1954-12-14 1963-01-01 Advance Transformer Co Electromagnetic core construction
US3219957A (en) * 1957-12-03 1965-11-23 Advance Transformer Co Core for electromagnetic device
FR1558102A (en) * 1967-03-20 1969-02-21
DE1638944A1 (en) * 1967-02-09 1970-05-14 Waasner B Core sheet with two sheet metal parts
DE1929566A1 (en) * 1968-06-27 1970-06-18 Idec Izumi Corp Transformer core and process for its manufacture
FR2106423A1 (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-05-05 Friedland Ltd V & E

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1054551A (en) * 1954-02-11
FR942323A (en) * 1941-01-28 1949-02-04 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements in the construction of magnetic cores
US3071744A (en) * 1954-12-14 1963-01-01 Advance Transformer Co Electromagnetic core construction
US3219957A (en) * 1957-12-03 1965-11-23 Advance Transformer Co Core for electromagnetic device
DE1638944A1 (en) * 1967-02-09 1970-05-14 Waasner B Core sheet with two sheet metal parts
FR1558102A (en) * 1967-03-20 1969-02-21
DE1929566A1 (en) * 1968-06-27 1970-06-18 Idec Izumi Corp Transformer core and process for its manufacture
FR2106423A1 (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-05-05 Friedland Ltd V & E

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0104792A1 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-04-04 General Motors Corporation Method of making an ignition coil core
US4480377A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-11-06 General Motors Corporation Method of making an ignition coil core
DE19645098A1 (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-14 Vossloh Schwabe Gmbh Coil element such as choke or transformer for ballast of gas-discharge or fluorescent light
DE19645098C2 (en) * 1996-11-01 2000-09-21 Vossloh Schwabe Gmbh Choke and process for its manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES272474U (en) 1984-03-01
ES272474Y (en) 1984-10-01
IE811423L (en) 1981-12-30
GR74360B (en) 1984-06-27
FI75446B (en) 1988-02-29
PT73282A (en) 1981-07-01
FI812017L (en) 1981-12-31
DK244581A (en) 1981-12-31
IE51834B1 (en) 1987-04-15
ATE9749T1 (en) 1984-10-15
DE3069353D1 (en) 1984-11-08
FI75446C (en) 1988-06-09
NO812219L (en) 1982-01-04
PT73282B (en) 1982-07-01
EP0042898B1 (en) 1984-10-03

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