EP0039003A1 - Fixation de ski électronique avec ajustage automatique de la valeur de déclenchement - Google Patents

Fixation de ski électronique avec ajustage automatique de la valeur de déclenchement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039003A1
EP0039003A1 EP81102904A EP81102904A EP0039003A1 EP 0039003 A1 EP0039003 A1 EP 0039003A1 EP 81102904 A EP81102904 A EP 81102904A EP 81102904 A EP81102904 A EP 81102904A EP 0039003 A1 EP0039003 A1 EP 0039003A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forces
value
torques
threshold value
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81102904A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0039003B1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dr. Knabel
Hans Engstfeld
Nicholas Fred D'antonio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marker Patentverwertungs GmbH
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Marker Patentverwertungs GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19803015879 external-priority patent/DE3015879A1/de
Application filed by Marker Patentverwertungs GmbH filed Critical Marker Patentverwertungs GmbH
Priority to AT81102904T priority Critical patent/ATE10166T1/de
Publication of EP0039003A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039003A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0039003B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039003B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/088—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with electronically controlled locking devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a safety ski binding comprising force transducers, which derive analog electric signals from the vertically acting forces occurring in the ball and heel portions of the skiing boot and from the torques acting on the skiing boot, an electronic circuit or a microprocessor for converting said signals into a value which depends on the magnitude and duration of the signals, and a comparator circuit for comparing said value with a threshold value which corresponds to permissible stresses and for generating a signal for initiating the release of the binding when said threshold value is exceeded.
  • a release value which is specific for the individual skier. That release value depends significantly on the required retaining force, which must be smaller than the force which can be safely taken up by the skier's leg under a quasistatic load. That force can be determined on the basis of empirical values by a measurement of the diameter of the head of the tibia or, with sufficient accuracy, in dependence on the weight of the skier.
  • Modern safety ski bindings are so designed that a release will not always take place whenever the skier's leg is being subjected to forces in excess of the retaining force but the binding will not be released until such forces have acted for an excessively long time.
  • the criterion for the release is the energy, or preferably the momentum, which can safely be taken up by the leg because stresses caused, for instance, by force surges and having force peaks which are greatly in excess of the retaining force need not result in a release.
  • ski bindings which are not properly adjusted either because they have been maladjusted when they were purchased or because they have not been adequately serviced, e.g., when they are used in a new season without a previous check.
  • the safety ski binding according to the invention senses the weight of the skien when the same stands approximately symmetrically between the front and rear force transducers, so that the same are loaded in the same sense, and the weight is applied to these force transducers for a relatively long time, whichJs typical of substantially static loads, so that dynamic loads which may be due to vertical accelerations cannot result in a wrong weight measurement.
  • Another criterion for a correct weight measurement resides in the absence of torsion, which would suggest that the skier does not apply substantially static loads to the force transducers.
  • A3 a rule it can be assumed that the weight of the skier is approximately equally distributed to the front and rear force transducers during the quasistatic weight measurement.
  • the weight measurement may be effected in such a manner that the sum of the forces measured by the front and rear force transducers is formed so that unequal loads applied to the front and rear force transducers are not detected as a torque.
  • the weight measured by a force pick-up can be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter. That conversion is effected within a predetermined time in accordance with the predetermined time constant. In that conversion, the digital signals which are analogous to the measured weight are processed only when the measurement does not indicate sudden fluctuations during that time, which is predetermined by the time constant.
  • the safety ski binding according to the invention will automatically adjust itself to a higher threshold value when the force transducers sense a higher quasistatically acting force which is due to a weight.
  • the threshold value which corresponds to the highest release value will be reached when the skier is standing on one leg and with its weight is applying a quasistatic load only to one binding.
  • the first adjustment of the threshold value is effected as the skier is stepping into the binding, or immediately thereafter, when the load due to the weight of the skier is initially applied to the binding.
  • a former threshold value is replaced by a new one whenever the quasistatic weight measurement indicated a higher weight, which results in a correction of the former, lower threshold value.
  • An increase in weight which results in an increase of the threshold value may be due to the fact that the skier may be loading both legs more uniformly during the stepping and starting phases so that the entire weight of the skier does not rest on one leg and the binding is not yet set to the highest release value.
  • the controlling forces which may be exerted by a highly skilled skier, such as a racer, during skiing may exceed the release values which have been computed from the weight of the skier.
  • the controlling forces exerted by a less highly skilled skier may be lower than the release value J which corresponds to the skier's weight. For this reason it will be desirable to set the ski binding to a release value which is higher or lower than the weight of the skier, in dependence on his skiing ability.
  • a further development of the invention calls for a circuit in which torques between the range of torques which are due to force surges exerted during skiing and the range of torques acting for such a magnitude and time as to be dangerous to the leg, are detected as torques which are due to controlling forces and in said circuit the threshold value is set in accordance with a predetermined program to a value which is higher or lower than the threshold value that is due to the weight.
  • controlling forces result in torques which are transmitted from the skiing boot to the ski. These torques may be generated in a horizontal direction, in a vertical direction and in a diagonal direction.
  • only the torques in the range between the harmless force surges occurring during skiing and the torques acting for a dangerously long time are detected as controlling forces which influence the threshold value for the release.
  • the safety binding according to the invention will be set in dependence on the ability and technique of the respective skier.
  • the threshold value may be lowered so that an unnecessary release need not be feared although the binding is set to a value which is below the value which corresponds to the weight of the skier.
  • the threshold value is not changed in response to those torques which are near the respective threshold value and are detected as torques which are due to controlling forces. If torques approaching the presently set threshold value are detected as controlling forces, such torques will not cause the binding to be set to an excessively high threshold value but as extreme values will not be recorded.
  • the forces measured by the force transducers are summed or integrated in dependence on the gradient of the force increase with time to compute the release value which is to be compared with the threshold value.
  • quickly increasing forces are integrated less rapidly than slowly increasing forces.
  • a reliable release of a binding depends not only on the threshold value but also on the time which expires until the threshold value is reached or exceeded.
  • a skier skiing on a hard slope will be subjected to high-frequency force surges having a relatively large amplitude. Because these low-energy force surges, which are harmless, should not be integrated to result in a release, the interval of time during which there is an integration to the release value can be increased.
  • the criterion for the dangerousness of the force surges is the gradient of the force increase, i.e., the rate of increase of the measured force.
  • a force increase at a high rate will indicate short force surges, which are of a harmless kind and should not result in a release.
  • stresses involving a more gradual force increase should be integrated more quickly to the release value.
  • the operation of the inventive ski-binding is based on an automatic determination of skier weight when certain preselected requirements are satisfied, in particular:
  • Weight detection can occur at any time, but preferably when the skier first begins; however, if for some reason the TAKE WEIGHT condition is not satisfied, the system will use a preselected minimum initial threshold for the processor to work with. Since the transducer response is linear, the weight is accurately determined by taking the sum of the front and rear modules for F z , so long as both are stressed in the downward direction.
  • the "Steering Window” consists of three important threshold levels, all of which originate from the resident threshold of release (THDREL); they are:
  • This second level decides if the instant steering signal will cause an increase or decrease in the threshold. Signals that are greater than LOLIM but smaller than MEDIAN are considered to be “weak” and therefore the threshold of release is reduced in magnitude. Signals that are greater than MEDIAN but smaller than UPERLIM (Upper Limit) are considered “strong” signals and will cause the threshold to increase.
  • Block 1 The "System Clock” and associated decoding networks provide all of the basic timing requirements for processor operation and assures that everything happens at the correct time and in the correct order. It also provides the measurement of time as needed to satisfy the delay for a valid "TAKE WEIGHT" interval. A timing signal is shown going to the "Weight Detection Network” (Box 4) for this purpose. In Figure 2, this function is shown as an oscillator, a digital counter to provide the delay and a monostable (M 1) to produce a single pulse when the delay has been satisfied.
  • M 1 monostable
  • this function consists of the "Rear F z " and "Forward F z " networks, their respective amplifiers (A 1 & A 2) to increase the F z signals to usable levels and a differential amplifier (A 3) to provide the "moment" signal M y resulting from the front and rear modules having opposite polarities.
  • Block 3 The F y modules also provide the "moment" M z for normal skiing signals, however, during a valid "TAKEWT" interval, the system demands that the M z signals be close to zero. Thus, the F y input to the weight detection network (Box 4) assures this condition.
  • amplifiers A 4 and A 5 amplify the bridge signals and A 6 gives the "moment” M z which is measured by the weight detection network described below.
  • the weight detection network will produce the "sample & hold" and "A/D convert” commands to the functions of Box 5 as soon as the basic requirements for a "TAKEWT" interval are satisfied (i.e. correct F , M z and time).
  • the sample & hold network is used to assure a "smooth" input to the converter and will avoid any errors due to spurious signal variations during the convert interval.
  • a 7 is a summing amplifier and will add the signals from A 1 and A 2 (the two F z bridges). If the two signals are the same polaritiy, A 7 will give a large output and if they are of opposite polarity, they will cancel each other, in which case A 7 will have little or no output.
  • Amplifier A 8 is configured as a window .comparator; Diodes D 1 thru D 4 provide a window voltage of ⁇ V d , with D 1 and D 3 detecting the M moment and diodes D 2 and D 4 detecting the M z moment. If both moments are inside the ⁇ V d window, A 8 produces a "high” output, which will enable one input of the "AND” gate, therefore satisfying conditions (1) and (2) of the "TAKEWT" requirements. It also enables the time delay counter of Box 1. The third condition for "TAKEWT" comes from the time delay function (Box 1) and the M 1 monostable will produce a pulse T 1 if the output of A 8 remains in the high state for the required length of time.
  • This signal enables the second input of the "AND” gate.
  • the fourth and final condition for "TAKEWT” is provided by amplifier A 9, which is configured as a comparator.
  • a 9 looks at the resident threshold of release and compares it with the weight signal from amplifier A 7. If A 7 is greater than the present value for THDREL, A 9 goes high, therefore enabling the third input to the "AND” gate. With all three inputs high, the "AND” gate output goes high, therefore providing the command inputs to Box 5.
  • Block 5 Figure 1 shows a sample & hold and an A/D converter in a single box.
  • the A/D converter will change the analog value for weight into its digital equivalent.
  • the digital equivalent is most useful here because of its ability to maintain long time storage'without the deterioration experienced in analog memory functions.
  • the command signal from Box 4 will last for T 1 seconds and will first close - switch SW 1, allowing capacitor C 1 to charge and store the weight signal.
  • This sample & hold function will provide a smooth input to the converter as mentioned above.
  • the end of T 1 will activate the converter, whose digital output is fed to the D/A converter of Box 6.
  • an UP/DOWN counter with preload capability is used to provide the initial threshold of release (when power comes on and prior to taking weight), and also to monitor the steering signal window to produce the threshold - changes as described earlier.
  • the inputs to the counter comprise the n-bit digital word and the load command for the threshold along with the three control inputs labeled "Enable", "U/D” and "Clock".
  • the three latter inputs come from Boxes 12, 14, and 15 respectively, and activation of these inputs will depend on the magnitude of the 'steering signals as described earlier. In general, however, the "Enable” input determines whether or not the counter is active; A "high” on the U/D port will cause it to count up, and a"low” to count down, when the "Clock” port sees a negative going transition.
  • Box 8 is a D/A converter to provide the second input to summing amplifier 9. If weight has not been taken, this is the only active input to Box 9 and the system will begin its processing function on this value for the threshold. As soon as weight is taken, the combined signal will give the correct threshold for this particular skier. If the skier fails to take his weight, this function will eventually adjust to the correct treshold by monitoring the skier's steering signals. If at some later time a successful "TAKEWT" occurs, the counter 7 is reloaded with the minimum threshold so the correct sum will result.
  • Block 9 In Figure 1 and Figure 2, this is a summing function that combines the weight signal with the minimum threshold to give the resident threshold of release.
  • the output of Box 9 provides the signal level on which the steering window is generated.
  • the three lesser levels, UPERLIM, MEDIAN and LOLIM determine the window on which variations to this very same threshold are determined.
  • THDREL also goes to the integrator of Box 21 and provides the level of moment, above which integration will begin in response to a dangerous situation.
  • Block 10 In Figure 1, defined as the steering window network, this function will establish and assure that the allowable range of THDREL (and consequently the steering window) will never exceed a maximum upper limit, or a minimum lower limit, regardless of skier weight and/or ability. Generally speaking, these limits are set at values below which none of normal health would ever be in danger, and above which almost everyone of normal health would surely be in danger.
  • the output of Box 10 goes to Box 12, which determines when the UP/DOWN counter is either enabled or disabled for steering window corrections. In Figure 2, this function is generated with the use of the three boxes labeled "A", "B” and "C".
  • the weight determined threshold (or the minimum threshold if weight is not taken) is used by Box “A” which increases the threshold by a percentage that is considered to be the maximum acceptable value, while Box “B” decreases the threshold a percentage below which the signals are virtually of no interest.
  • Box “C” a window comparator, then prevents signals outside the range from making threshold corrections by disabeling UP/DOWN counter 7 through the OR gate in Box 12.
  • Block 16 The rate at which the steering signals increase is also important in detecting the quality of the skier.
  • An advanced, high speed skier will generally generate sharper signals, but because of his expertise, the magnitude of the signals may not be as large as they are for a less proficient skier.
  • the gradient detector will determine this and other qualities, and in so doing, an additional influence to the release characteristics is included in the processor performance.
  • T 2 a pulse of predetermined unit time is generated, for example 1 millisecond.
  • T 2 closes switch SW 2, and it is noted that the absolute value networks (and the path to capacitor C 2) are designed to have minimum impedance, therefore C 2 will follow the increase in moment voltage with no (or very little) error. Hence, when T 2 ends and SW 2 opens, the voltage on C 2 will be representative of the average volts per millisecond rate of increase on the input moment signal.
  • the length of T 2 is selected to be shorter than the expected length of LOLIM, which can be in the neighborhood of perhaps 10 milliseconds to one second. It is seen then, that V can have values of millivolts per second to volts per second, depending on the speed and length of the moment signal. V , the gradient, is then compared to the resident gradient shown at the output of D/A Box 19.
  • Block 17 The gradient UP/DOWN counter was included in the discussion of Box 16 and performs in the same way as the steering UP/DOWN counter Box 7. Box 17 is also disabled when the moment signal exceeds UPERLIM and no change to the gradient is made.
  • the M and M moments can be either plus or minus.
  • the absolute value networks convert the signal to a positive polarity only and diodes D 5 and D 6 will permit only the larger (or more dangerous) of the two moments to be processed by the processor.
  • the resulting moment is then sent to the gradient network and the window comparators for steering signal interrogation.
  • Independent processing of each of the moments has been the standard approach in the binding development, however, either method is effective and the one that is used will depend on experimental evidence involving the capability of the leg to withstand various combinations of torsional loads.
  • Block 19 In Figure 1 and Figure 2, this is the D/A converter for providing the analog equivalent of the gradient signal.
  • Box 19 represents the third D/A converter in the embodiment described here. It is possible to use only one converter and to multiplex the three signals into the converter, and to then store the analog outputs in sample & hold networks. The approach that uses the least amount of electronic functions and power input will be the approach used in any particular design.
  • Block 20 This function, a summing amplifier, combines the THDREL and GRADIENT signals to determine the final voltage at which release occurs.
  • Figure 2 shows amplifier A 11 going to release comparator Box 22. If this input to A 13 increases, then, in order for A 13 to provide a release command, the integrator A 12 will have to integrate for a longer period of time in order to produce enough voltage to activate A 13, which is the desired result; i.e. a largei gradient (sharper steering signals) will require that a given moment be exerted for a longer period of time in order for a release to occur.
  • Block 21 An integration function is provided to determine the release criteria as a function of both magnitude and time. This function has two inputs; The first input is the steering moment, but the integrator will not respond unless the second input, the threshold of release, is exceeded. The rate at which the integrator output increases will then be a function of the difference in magnitude between the moment and the THDR E L value.
  • Figure 2 shows amplifier A 12 configured as a differential integrator, where C 4 and R in determine the time constant of integration, a value that is' selected on the basis of the desired release curve characteristics. So long as the moment (+) exceeds the THDREL (+), the output of A 12 will move in a negative direction, again, the rate depending on the difference between the two inputs.
  • the release comparator will produce the release command when the integrator output exceeds the reference threshold, which is comprised of the THDREL and GRADIENT signals.
  • a graphical representation of the steering window variation is given.
  • a similar graph for the change in the GRADIENT level can also be shown.

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EP81102904A 1980-04-24 1981-04-15 Fixation de ski électronique avec ajustage automatique de la valeur de déclenchement Expired EP0039003B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81102904T ATE10166T1 (de) 1980-04-24 1981-04-15 Elektronische sicherheitsskibindung mit automatischer selbsteinstellung des richtigen ausloesewertes.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803015879 DE3015879A1 (de) 1980-04-24 1980-04-24 Sich selbsttaetig jeweils auf den richtigen ausloesewert einstellende elektronische sicherheits-skibindung
DE3015879 1980-04-24
US18148580A 1980-08-26 1980-08-26
US181485 1998-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039003A1 true EP0039003A1 (fr) 1981-11-04
EP0039003B1 EP0039003B1 (fr) 1984-11-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81102904A Expired EP0039003B1 (fr) 1980-04-24 1981-04-15 Fixation de ski électronique avec ajustage automatique de la valeur de déclenchement

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0039003B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5734878A (fr)
DE (1) DE3167035D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL230781A1 (fr)
YU (1) YU106781A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5294144A (en) * 1991-09-10 1994-03-15 Marker Deutschland Gmbh Hydraulic ski binding incorporating electronically-controlled bypass

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT500290B1 (de) * 2003-01-29 2008-10-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh Schibindung mit einem vorder- und einem fersenbacken und einer elektronischen schaltungsanordnung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2831768A1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1980-01-31 Marker Hannes Verfahren zur modifikation des ausloeseverhaltens einer sicherheits-skibindung
DE2831769A1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1980-02-07 Marker Hannes Verfahren zur freigabe eines skischuhes vom ski

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2354787A1 (fr) * 1976-06-18 1978-01-13 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite pour ski

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2831768A1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1980-01-31 Marker Hannes Verfahren zur modifikation des ausloeseverhaltens einer sicherheits-skibindung
DE2831769A1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1980-02-07 Marker Hannes Verfahren zur freigabe eines skischuhes vom ski

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5294144A (en) * 1991-09-10 1994-03-15 Marker Deutschland Gmbh Hydraulic ski binding incorporating electronically-controlled bypass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL230781A1 (fr) 1982-01-04
EP0039003B1 (fr) 1984-11-07
YU106781A (en) 1983-10-31
DE3167035D1 (en) 1984-12-13
JPH0134068B2 (fr) 1989-07-17
JPS5734878A (en) 1982-02-25

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