EP0038372B1 - Hydraulic motor - Google Patents

Hydraulic motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038372B1
EP0038372B1 EP80102148A EP80102148A EP0038372B1 EP 0038372 B1 EP0038372 B1 EP 0038372B1 EP 80102148 A EP80102148 A EP 80102148A EP 80102148 A EP80102148 A EP 80102148A EP 0038372 B1 EP0038372 B1 EP 0038372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pistons
rotor
ports
hydraulic fluid
chamber
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Expired
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EP80102148A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0038372A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Bock
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP80102148A priority Critical patent/EP0038372B1/en
Priority to AT80102148T priority patent/ATE4001T1/en
Publication of EP0038372A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038372A1/en
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Publication of EP0038372B1 publication Critical patent/EP0038372B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/22Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder
    • F03C1/24Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
    • F03C1/2407Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders having cylinders in star or fan arrangement, the connection of the pistons with an actuated element being at the outer ends of the cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic motor with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a hydraulic motor is previously known from GB-A 12 42 381.
  • the invention has for its object to make such hydraulic motors, which allow a compact design, by a simple displacement adjustment in each cylinder speed switchable.
  • the displacement can be adjusted in each cylinder, but this is only achieved by a structurally very complex design with separable piston heads in conjunction with a rotatable valve block .
  • the invention relates to a constructive solution that is favorable in terms of production technology, guarantees a high level of operational reliability and allows simple switching of the motor.
  • these properties are particularly important when using such hydraulic motors in vehicles exposed to vibrations, for example when installing such motors in wheel hubs.
  • the hydraulic motor designed according to the invention allows switching between more than two speeds.
  • FIG. 1 shows a central longitudinal section through the hydraulic motor 10.
  • Its stationary housing consists of two identical cylindrical housing halves 11 and 12, in each of which a control curve 13.1 and 13.2 shown in FIG. 2 is formed.
  • a rotor 14 is mounted in the housing via a ball bearing 15.1 and 15.2 in each housing half 11 and 12.
  • the rotor has a tubular central region, one end of which is closed by a flange wall 16, to which an output shaft, not shown, can be flanged coaxially.
  • a cylindrical control pin 18 with a widened outer connection head 19 is inserted from its open end face, via which the pressure medium is supplied and discharged to the hydraulic motor and which will be described in more detail below.
  • a star is formed by hollow radial pistons 22 distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor 14.
  • the radial pistons 22 can expediently be formed separately and then fastened to the tubular central part of the rotor 14 by brazing.
  • 4 and 5 show such a separately producible individual radial piston 22 of the piston star of the rotor. It has two concentric ring walls, an outer ring wall 35 and an inner ring wall 36, and is divided into two chambers, each of which is open radially outwards.
  • the first chamber is formed by the annular space 37 between the two concentric annular walls 35 and 36, while the second chamber 38 is formed by the cylindrical inner space 38 of the radial piston 22 enclosed by the inner annular wall 36.
  • the outer chamber 37 has an inner opening 39 and a corresponding opening in the tubular part of the rotor 14, while the second chamber 38 has an inner connection opening 40 has, which is offset from the opening 39 in the axial direction of the hydraulic motor 10.
  • two driver stars 24.1 or 24.2 consisting of individual driver webs are formed.
  • the webs 24.1 and 24.2 of the two entraining stars are shaped in a manner which cannot be seen from the drawing, such that the spaces between the individual entraining webs have edges which run parallel to one another.
  • the cup-shaped cylinder 25 cooperating with the divided radial piston 22 is shown individually in FIG. 6. It has radial stepped journals 26 and 27 on two opposite sides, which are formed in one piece with it. In addition, it is provided on the inside with an annular groove 28 for receiving a narrow sealing ring 29 with a small coefficient of friction. In its cup-shaped part it has a concentric cylindrical piston shoulder 41, which is also provided at the level of the inner annular groove 28 of the cylinder with an annular groove 42 for receiving a narrow sealing ring 43 (FIG. 1) with a low coefficient of friction. The piston shoulder 41 projects with play into the cylindrical chamber 38 of the radial piston 22.
  • a needle-bearing control roller 30.1 or 30.2 is arranged on the inner step of the two axle journals 26 and 27, which is supported in abutment against the control cam 13.1 or 13.2 of the stationary housing.
  • a support roller 31.1 or 31.2 is arranged, which each protrude into an intermediate space between two driver webs 24.1 and 24.2 of the two driver stars of the rotor 14 and abut there against the parallel flanks of these driver webs .
  • the control pin 18 of the motor 10 is displaceable in the axial direction between a total of four different control positions, but is secured against rotation. As its individual representation in FIG. 7 and the two cross sections according to FIGS. 8 and 9 show, it has four openings, for example 45.1-45.4, 46.1-46.4 and 47.1-47.4, offset in the axial direction for each of its six inner longitudinal channels 44.1-44.6 on.
  • the control pin 18 has two annular grooves 48 and 49.
  • the equal-ranking openings of all six longitudinal channels 44 each lie in the same cross-sectional plane, so that - including the two ring grooves 48 and 49 - one can speak of six control levels of the axially displaceable control pin 18. As the two sectional views in FIGS.
  • the longitudinal channels 44 form partly feed lines and partly return lines.
  • FIG. 1 shows the control pin 18 in its innermost control position.
  • the chambers 37 and 38 of the radial piston 22 are connected to the same longitudinal channels.
  • the chamber 38 is connected to the longitudinal channel 44 via the inner opening 40 and the opening 45.1 of the control pin 18, while the chamber 37 is connected via the inner opening 39 of the rotor 14 and the opening 45.4 of the control pin 18 is also connected to the longitudinal channel 44.1. So that the entire effective area of the cylinder 25 is applied, and in the engine a torque in the same direction is generated with the full engine capacity.
  • FIG. 10 shows the control slide 18 in its third of four control positions, in which the piston chamber 37 shown communicates with the opening 45.4 and thus with the longitudinal channel 44.1, while the piston chamber 38 communicates with the opening 46.2 and thus with the adjacent longitudinal channel 44.6 of the control pin 18.
  • the effective cross section of the piston chamber 38 thus counteracts the effective ring cross section of the piston chamber 37.
  • the chamber 37 of the radial piston 22 shown is via the elongated opening 45.4 of the control pin 18 with the Longitudinal channel 44.1 connected, while the chambers 38 of all radial pistons are connected to one another via the annular groove 48 and are thus practically short-circuited.
  • the cylinders are therefore only exposed to part of their effective area.
  • the same picture results in the fourth switching position of the control pin 18 when the chambers 37 of all radial pistons are short-circuited by the annular groove 49 of the control pin and the chamber 38 of the radial piston shown is connected to the longitudinal channel 44.1 via the opening 45.3 of the control pin 18.
  • the gap between the rotor 14 and the control pin 18 is sealed in the vicinity of the rotor opening by a sealing ring 50.
  • the leakage oil occurring at the periphery of the control pin 18 can therefore not flow to the outside. Measures can be taken so that leakage oil can get into the intermediate space 51 between the flange wall 16 of the rotor and the inner end face of the control pin 18.
  • the control pin 18 secured against rotation is under the pretension of a compression spring 52, by means of which it is pressed into the first control position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the adjustment of the control pin 18 into the two control positions 2 and 3, in which it is fixed by a spring-loaded locking ball 53, which is fixed in locking notches 1, 2, 3, 4 designated by the numbers of the control positions, by introducing leakage oil into the intermediate space 51 causes where a build-up pressure acts on the entire cross-sectional area of the control pin 18.
  • the oil pressure built up in the intermediate space 51 is controlled by an adjustable pressure control valve 55, indicated schematically in FIG. 1, in a flexible leak oil line 54, which is connected downstream in the outflow direction.
  • the leakage oil line 54 is connected to the intermediate space 51 of the engine via a central longitudinal channel 56 of the control pin 18.
  • control pin 18 Given the large cross-sectional area of the control pin 18, a small change in the oil switching pressure is sufficient to produce a sufficiently large change in thrust force on the control pin, so that sufficiently large forces for axially displacing the control pin 18 from a spring catch position into the next position against the force of the compression spring 52 are available and an exact switching is guaranteed.
  • the control pin 18 In the fourth control position and end position, the control pin 18 can also be held by a stop.
  • the holding force of the spring catches is designed so that its catch effect is only overcome by a pressure increase in the intermediate space 51, which results in a change in force which is sufficient to move the control pin 18 against the force of the compression spring 52 until the next catch position.
  • control pin 18 makes it possible to form other control variants, for example only two or three control stages or slow work steps forwards and a rapid return in reverse. If the effective cross-section of the piston chamber 38 and the corresponding cross-section of the piston shoulder 41 of the cylinder 25 are given an area which corresponds to a quarter of the total effective cylinder area, the first grading of the control pin 18 results in the following gradation of the effective cylinder areas: starting from of the area value four, which is present at the first control level and corresponds to the full effective cylinder area, there is an area value three at the second control level, the area value two at the third control level and the area value one at the fourth control level. With a constant supply of pressure oil, the following speed values result, starting from speed value 1 in the first control stage: in the second control stage, the speed is 1.33 times the value 1, in control stage three twice and in control stage four finally four times Value.

Abstract

1. Hydraulic motor with a rotor mounted in a stationary casing consisting of a radial piston cylinder block with open ended hollow pistons and individual cuplike cylinders pushed over the hollow pistons ; these cylinders have at two points opposite to one another, offset inwards in relation to the cup base radial lateral pivot pins on each of which is located a cam roller resting against an internal cam formed by the casing and having a concentric inner control plug by means of which the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the radial piston/cylinder assemblies, characterized by the fact that each of the pistons (22) is divided by two concentric annular walls (35, 36) into two chambers (37, 38) with separate supplies of hydraulic fluid (ports 39, 40), a first chamber (37) of which is formed by the annular space between the two annular walls (35, 36) and a second chamber (38) is formed by the central inner space, that a matching concentric cylindrical piston like projection (41) of the cup-shaped cylinder (25) projects into the central inner space (38), and that the separate hydraulic fluid supplies (ports 39, 40) for the individual chambers (37, 38) of the pistons (22) are offset in relation to one another in axial direction of rotor (14) and interact with similarly axially offset ports (45.1-45.4; 46, 47) or grooves (48, 49) of the central control plug (18) which is designed to be displaceable in axial direction between various operating positions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen hydraulischen Motor mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Merkmalen. Ein solcher Motor ist durch die GB-A 12 42 381 vorbekannt.The invention relates to a hydraulic motor with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1. Such a motor is previously known from GB-A 12 42 381.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, derartige hydraulische Motoren, die eine gedrängte Bauform erlauben, durch eine einfache Hubraumverstellung in jedem Zylinder drehzahlumschaltbar zu machen.The invention has for its object to make such hydraulic motors, which allow a compact design, by a simple displacement adjustment in each cylinder speed switchable.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruches aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen betreffende Merkmale sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features listed in the characterizing part of the main claim. Features relating to advantageous developments are listed in the subclaims.

Zwar ist durch die DE-A 23 31 273 bereits grundsätzlich bekannt, bei Hydraulikmotoren zur Erzielung eines Vollast- oder Teillastbetriebes in jedem Zylinder eine Hubraumverstellung vorzunehmen, doch wird dies nur durch eine konstruktiv sehr aufwendige Konstruktion mit trennbaren Kolbenböden in Verbindung mit einem verdrehbaren Ventilblock erreicht. Demgegenüber betrifft die Erfindung eine konstruktive Lösung, die herstellungstechnisch günstig ist, eine hohe Betriebssicherheit garantiert und eine einfache Umschaltung des Motors erlaubt. Diese Eigenschaften fallen - neben der bereits erwähnten kompakten Bauweise - vor allem bei der Verwendung solcher hydraulischen Motoren in Erschütterungen ausgesetzten Fahrzeugen ins Gewicht, beispielsweise beim Einbau solcher Motoren in Radnaben. Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete hydraulische Motor erlaubt eine Umschaltung zwischen mehr als zwei Drehzahlen. In jeder Schaltstufe ist eine symmetrische Lastverteilung am Rotor beibehalten, was bei Radialkolbenmotoren, bei denen eine Stufenschaltung durch die Abschaltung einzelner Kolben bewirkt wird, Schwierigkeiten macht. Ein einfacher Aufbau des Motors ist sowohl bei der Ausbildung der Radialkolben/Zylinder-Anordnungen als auch beim zentralen Steuerzapfen gegeben, der als Ganzes verstellt wird und nicht mehrteilig ausgebildet sein muß. Die Stufenschaltung des Motors läßt sich problemlos durch eine ferngesteuerte Axialverstellung des Steuerzapfens allein mit Hilfe von Ventilen bewirken, beispielsweise eines in einer Leckölleitung angeordneten Druckregelventils. Gesonderte Stellmotoren o. dgl. für den Steuerteil sind also nicht erforderlich.Although it is already known in principle from DE-A 23 31 273 that in the case of hydraulic motors to achieve full-load or part-load operation, the displacement can be adjusted in each cylinder, but this is only achieved by a structurally very complex design with separable piston heads in conjunction with a rotatable valve block . In contrast, the invention relates to a constructive solution that is favorable in terms of production technology, guarantees a high level of operational reliability and allows simple switching of the motor. In addition to the compact design already mentioned, these properties are particularly important when using such hydraulic motors in vehicles exposed to vibrations, for example when installing such motors in wheel hubs. The hydraulic motor designed according to the invention allows switching between more than two speeds. In each switching stage, a symmetrical load distribution on the rotor is maintained, which makes difficulties with radial piston motors in which a step switching is effected by switching off individual pistons. A simple construction of the motor is provided both in the design of the radial piston / cylinder arrangements and in the central control pin, which is adjusted as a whole and does not have to be constructed in several parts. The stepping of the motor can easily be effected by remote-controlled axial adjustment of the control pin using only valves, for example a pressure control valve arranged in a leak oil line. Separate servomotors or the like for the control part are therefore not necessary.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Im einzelnen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen axialen Längsschnitt durch den drehzahlumschaltbaren hydraulischen Motor;
  • Fig. 2 eine Ansicht einer der beiden im stationären Gehäuse des Motors ausgebildeten Steuerkurven aus der Schnittebene 11-11 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch den Motor entlang der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf einen Einzelkolben für den Kolbenstern des Motors;
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch den Kolben entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 einen zentralen Längsschnitt durch einen Zylinder des Motors;
  • Fig. 7 eine Einzeldarstellung des axialverschiebbaren Steuerzapfens des Motors;
  • Fig. 8 einen Querschnitt durch den Steuerzapfen entlang den Linien VIII-VIII in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 einen Querschnitt durch den Steuerzapfen entlang der Linie IX-IX in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 einen der Fig. 1 entsprechenden Längsschnitt durch den Motor bei einer unterschiedlichen Hubstellung eines Zylinders und einer anderen Steuerstellung des Steuerzapfens.
In detail show:
  • Figure 1 is an axial longitudinal section through the speed-switchable hydraulic motor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of one of the two control cams formed in the stationary housing of the motor from the sectional plane 11-11 in FIG. 1;
  • 3 shows a cross section through the motor along the line 111-111 in Fig. 1.
  • 4 shows a plan view of a single piston for the piston star of the engine;
  • 5 shows a section through the piston along the line VV in Fig. 4.
  • 6 shows a central longitudinal section through a cylinder of the engine;
  • 7 shows an individual illustration of the axially displaceable control pin of the motor;
  • 8 shows a cross section through the control pin along the lines VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.
  • 9 shows a cross section through the control pin along the line IX-IX in FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 1 through the engine with a different stroke position of a cylinder and a different control position of the control pin.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen zentralen Längsschnitt durch den hydraulischen Motor 10. Sein stationäres Gehäuse besteht aus zwei gleichen zylindrischen Gehäusehälften 11 und 12, in denen jeweils eine aus Fig. 2 ersichtliche Steuerkurve 13.1 und 13.2 ausgebildet ist. Im Gehäuse ist ein Rotor 14 über je ein Kugellager 15.1 und 15.2 in jeder Gehäusehälfte 11 und 12 gelagert. Der Rotor weist einen rohrartigen Zentralbereich auf, dessen eine Stirnseite durch eine Flanschwandung 16 verschlossen ist, an welche eine nicht dargestellte Abtriebswelle koaxial angeflanscht werden kann. In seine zentrale zylindrische Ausnehmung 17 ist von seiner offenen Stirnseite her ein zylindrischer Steuerzapfen 18 mit einem verbreiterten äußeren Anschlußkopf 19 eingesetzt, über welchen die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr des Druckmittels zum hydraulischen Motor erfolgt und der nachfolgend noch näher beschrieben wird.1 shows a central longitudinal section through the hydraulic motor 10. Its stationary housing consists of two identical cylindrical housing halves 11 and 12, in each of which a control curve 13.1 and 13.2 shown in FIG. 2 is formed. A rotor 14 is mounted in the housing via a ball bearing 15.1 and 15.2 in each housing half 11 and 12. The rotor has a tubular central region, one end of which is closed by a flange wall 16, to which an output shaft, not shown, can be flanged coaxially. In its central cylindrical recess 17, a cylindrical control pin 18 with a widened outer connection head 19 is inserted from its open end face, via which the pressure medium is supplied and discharged to the hydraulic motor and which will be described in more detail below.

Auf dem rohrartigen Mittelteil des Rotors 14 ist ein Stern von gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rotors 14 verteilten, hohlen Radialkolben 22 ausgebildet. Die Radialkolben 22 können zweckmäßig gesondert ausgebildet und anschließend auf dem rohrförmigen Zentralteil des Rotors 14 durch Hartlöten befestigt werden. Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen einen solchen gesondert herstellbaren einzelnen Radialkolben 22 des Kolbensternes des Rotors. Er weist zwei konzentrische Ringwandungen, eine äußere Ringwandung 35 und eine innere Ringwandung 36, auf und ist in zwei, jeweils radial nach außen offene Kammern unterteilt. Die erste Kammer wird durch den Ringraum 37 zwischen den beiden konzentrischen Ringwandungen 35 und 36 gebildet, während die zweite Kammer 38 durch den von der inneren Ringwandung 36 umschlossenen zylindrischen Innenraum 38 des Radialkolbens 22 gebildet wird. Die äußere Kammer 37 weist eine innere Öffnung 39 und eine entsprechende Öffnung im rohrförmigen Teil des Rotors 14 auf, während die zweite Kammer 38 eine innere Anschlußöffnung 40 aufweist, die gegenüber der Öffnung 39 in Axialrichtung des hydraulischen Motors 10 versetzt ist.On the tubular middle part of the rotor 14, a star is formed by hollow radial pistons 22 distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor 14. The radial pistons 22 can expediently be formed separately and then fastened to the tubular central part of the rotor 14 by brazing. 4 and 5 show such a separately producible individual radial piston 22 of the piston star of the rotor. It has two concentric ring walls, an outer ring wall 35 and an inner ring wall 36, and is divided into two chambers, each of which is open radially outwards. The first chamber is formed by the annular space 37 between the two concentric annular walls 35 and 36, while the second chamber 38 is formed by the cylindrical inner space 38 of the radial piston 22 enclosed by the inner annular wall 36. The outer chamber 37 has an inner opening 39 and a corresponding opening in the tubular part of the rotor 14, while the second chamber 38 has an inner connection opening 40 has, which is offset from the opening 39 in the axial direction of the hydraulic motor 10.

Außerdem sind auf der Außenseite des Rotors 14 symmetrisch zu dem Kolbenstern und in gleichem Abstand von ihm zwei aus einzelnen Mitnehmerstegen 24.1 oder 24.2 bestehende Mitnehmersterne ausgebildet. Die Stege 24.1 und 24.2 der beiden Mitnehmersterne sind in aus der Zeichnung nicht ersichtlicher Weise so geformt, daß die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Mitnehmerstegen parallel zueinander verlaufende Ränder haben.In addition, on the outside of the rotor 14 symmetrically to the piston star and at the same distance from it two driver stars 24.1 or 24.2 consisting of individual driver webs are formed. The webs 24.1 and 24.2 of the two entraining stars are shaped in a manner which cannot be seen from the drawing, such that the spaces between the individual entraining webs have edges which run parallel to one another.

Der mit dem unterteilten Radialkolben 22 zusammenwirkende napfförmige Zylinder 25 ist einzeln in Fig. 6 dargestellt. Er weist an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten radiale gestufte Achszapfen 26 und 27 auf, die einstückig mit ihm ausgebildet sind. Außerdem ist er innen mit einer Ringnut 28 zur Aufnahme eines schmalen Dichtungsringes 29 mit kleinem Reibungskoeffizienten versehen. In seinem napfförmigen Teil weist er einen konzentrischen zylindrischen Kolbenansatz 41 auf, der auf der Höhe der inneren Ringnut 28 des Zylinders ebenfalls mit einer Ringnut 42 zur Aufnahme eines schmalen Dichtungsringes 43 (Fig. 1) mit geringem Reibungskoeffizienten versehen ist. Der Kolbenansatz 41 ragt mit Spiel in die zylindrische Kammer 38 des Radialkolbens 22.The cup-shaped cylinder 25 cooperating with the divided radial piston 22 is shown individually in FIG. 6. It has radial stepped journals 26 and 27 on two opposite sides, which are formed in one piece with it. In addition, it is provided on the inside with an annular groove 28 for receiving a narrow sealing ring 29 with a small coefficient of friction. In its cup-shaped part it has a concentric cylindrical piston shoulder 41, which is also provided at the level of the inner annular groove 28 of the cylinder with an annular groove 42 for receiving a narrow sealing ring 43 (FIG. 1) with a low coefficient of friction. The piston shoulder 41 projects with play into the cylindrical chamber 38 of the radial piston 22.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, ist auf der inneren Stufe der beiden Achszapfen 26 und 27 jeweils eine nadelgelagerte Steuerrolle 30.1 oder 30.2 angeordnet, die in Anlage gegen die Steuerkurve 13.1 oder 13.2 des stationären Gehäuses abgestützt ist. Auf der äußeren Stufe der beiden Achszapfen 26 und 27 eines jeden Zylinders 25 ist jeweils eine Stützrolle 31.1 oder 31.2 angeordnet, die jeweils in einen Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Mitnehmerstegen 24.1 und 24.2 der beiden Mitnehmersterne des Rotors 14 ragen und dort gegen die parallelen Flanken dieser Mitnehmerstege anliegen. Die von den Steuerkurven 13.1 und 13.2 auf die mit dem Rotor 14 umlaufenden Zylinder 25 ausgeübten tangentialen Reaktionskräfte werden nicht über die Wandung der hohlen Radialkolben 22, sondern über die auf den Achszapfen 26 und 27 der Zylinder angeordneten Stützrollen 31.1 und 31.2 auf die Mitnehmerstege 24.1 und 24.2 des Rotors übertragen, an denen also die Zylinder 25 in Umfangsrichtung abgestützt sind. Der schmale Dichtungsring 29 zwischen der Außenwand der Radialkolben 22 und den sie umschließenden Zylindern 25 muß also lediglich eine Abdichtung und keinerlei Abstützung bewirken. Aus diesem Grunde kann auch ein relativ großes Spiel zwischen Kolben und Zylinder belassen werden, durch welches die Toleranzen der Mitnehmersterne und der zwischen den Mitnehmerstegen 24.1 und 24.2 befindlichen Stützrollen 31.1 und 31.2 berücksichtigt werden. Leckölaustritt in den radial außerhalb der Zylinder befindlichen Gehäusebereich erfolgt nicht. Die Zylinder arbeiten also äußerst reibungsarm, zumal die Rollen 30 und 31 kugel- oder nadelgelagert sind.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a needle-bearing control roller 30.1 or 30.2 is arranged on the inner step of the two axle journals 26 and 27, which is supported in abutment against the control cam 13.1 or 13.2 of the stationary housing. On the outer step of the two axle journals 26 and 27 of each cylinder 25, a support roller 31.1 or 31.2 is arranged, which each protrude into an intermediate space between two driver webs 24.1 and 24.2 of the two driver stars of the rotor 14 and abut there against the parallel flanks of these driver webs . The tangential reaction forces exerted by the control cams 13.1 and 13.2 on the cylinders 25 rotating with the rotor 14 are not exerted on the driving webs 24.1 and 31 via the support rollers 31.1 and 31.2 arranged on the axle journals 26 and 27 of the cylinders, but via the walls of the hollow radial pistons 22 24.2 of the rotor, on which the cylinders 25 are supported in the circumferential direction. The narrow sealing ring 29 between the outer wall of the radial pistons 22 and the cylinders 25 enclosing them therefore only has to provide a seal and no support. For this reason, a relatively large clearance between the piston and the cylinder can also be left, by means of which the tolerances of the driver stars and the support rollers 31.1 and 31.2 located between the driver webs 24.1 and 24.2 are taken into account. Leakage oil does not leak into the housing area located radially outside the cylinder. The cylinders therefore work with very little friction, especially since the rollers 30 and 31 are ball or needle bearing.

Der Steuerzapfen 18 des Motors 10 ist in Achsrichtung zwischen insgesamt vier unterschiedlichen Steuerstellungen verschiebbar, aber gegen Verdrehen gesichert gelagert. Wie seine Einzeldarstellung in Fig. 7 und die beiden Querschnitte nach Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen, weist er für jeden seiner sechs inneren Längskanäle 44.1-44.6 jeweils vier in Axialrichtung gegeneinander versetzte Öffnungen, beispielsweise 45.1-45.4, 46.1-46.4 und 47.1-47.4 auf. Außerdem weist der Steuerzapfen 18 zwei Ringnuten 48 und 49 auf. Die gleichrangigen Öffnungen aller sechs Längskanäle 44 liegen jeweils in einer gleichen Querschnittsebene, so daß man - die beiden Ringnuten 48 und 49 eingerechnet - von sechs Steuerebenen des axialverschiebbaren Steuerzapfens 18 sprechen kann. Wie die beiden Schnittbilder Fig. 8 und Fig. 9 zeigen, sind die drei Öffnungen 45.1, 45.3 und 45.4 des Längskanales 44.1 und entsprechend auch der anderen Längskanäle in gleicher Relativstellung, so daß sich für diese drei Öffnungen das gleiche Schnittbild nach Fig. 8 ergibt. Abweichend davon befinden sich die zweiten Öffnungen 45.2, 46.2, 47.2 aller sechs Längskanäle in einer anderen Relativstellung und sind am Umfang des Steuerzapfens 18 um eine Öffnungsteilung versetzt angeordnet, so daß sich in dieser Steuerebene das Schnittbild nach Fig. 9 ergibt. In bekannter Weise bilden die Längskanäle 44 teils Vorlaufleitungen und teils Rücklaufleitungen.The control pin 18 of the motor 10 is displaceable in the axial direction between a total of four different control positions, but is secured against rotation. As its individual representation in FIG. 7 and the two cross sections according to FIGS. 8 and 9 show, it has four openings, for example 45.1-45.4, 46.1-46.4 and 47.1-47.4, offset in the axial direction for each of its six inner longitudinal channels 44.1-44.6 on. In addition, the control pin 18 has two annular grooves 48 and 49. The equal-ranking openings of all six longitudinal channels 44 each lie in the same cross-sectional plane, so that - including the two ring grooves 48 and 49 - one can speak of six control levels of the axially displaceable control pin 18. As the two sectional views in FIGS. 8 and 9 show, the three openings 45.1, 45.3 and 45.4 of the longitudinal channel 44.1 and correspondingly also the other longitudinal channels are in the same relative position, so that the same sectional view according to FIG. 8 results for these three openings . Deviating from this, the second openings 45.2, 46.2, 47.2 of all six longitudinal channels are in a different relative position and are arranged offset on the circumference of the control pin 18 by an opening pitch, so that the sectional view according to FIG. 9 results in this control plane. In a known manner, the longitudinal channels 44 form partly feed lines and partly return lines.

In den Fig. 1 und 10 sind zwei verschiedene Steuerstellungen des Steuerzapfens 18 dargestellt. Fig. 1 zeigt den Steuerzapfen 18 in seiner innersten Steuerstellung. Hierbei stehen die Kammern 37 und 38 der Radialkolben 22 in Verbindung mit den gleichen Längskanälen. Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kolben steht die Kammer 38 über die innere Öffnung 40 und die Öffnung 45.1 des Steuerzapfens 18 in Verbindung mit dem Längskanal 44, während die Kammer 37 über die innere Öffnung 39 des Rotors 14 und die Öffnung 45.4 des Steuerzapfens 18 ebenfalls mit dem Längskanal 44.1 in Verbindung steht. Damit ist die gesamte wirksame Fläche der Zylinder 25 beaufschlagt, und im Motor wird ein gleichsinniges Drehmoment mit der vollen Motorkapazität erzeugt.1 and 10, two different control positions of the control pin 18 are shown. Fig. 1 shows the control pin 18 in its innermost control position. Here, the chambers 37 and 38 of the radial piston 22 are connected to the same longitudinal channels. In the piston shown in FIG. 1, the chamber 38 is connected to the longitudinal channel 44 via the inner opening 40 and the opening 45.1 of the control pin 18, while the chamber 37 is connected via the inner opening 39 of the rotor 14 and the opening 45.4 of the control pin 18 is also connected to the longitudinal channel 44.1. So that the entire effective area of the cylinder 25 is applied, and in the engine a torque in the same direction is generated with the full engine capacity.

Fig. 10 zeigt den Steuerschieber 18 in seiner dritten von vier Steuerstellungen, in welcher die dargestellte Kolbenkammer 37 mit der Öffnung 45.4 und damit mit dem Längskanal 44.1 während die Kolbenkammer 38 mit der Öffnung 46.2 und damit mit dem benachbarten Längskanal 44.6 des Steuerzapfens 18 kommuniziert. Dies bedeutet, daß die eine Kolbenkammer mit einer Druckleitung und die andere Kolbenkammer mit einer Ansaugleitung verbunden ist. Da der Kolben und Zylinder miteinander kraftschlüssig verbunden sind, ist es möglich, daß die Kolbenansätze 41 der Zylinder 25 als Pumpe arbeiten. Der wirksame Querschnitt der Kolbenkammer 38 wirkt also dem wirksamen Ringquerschnitt der Kolbenkammer 37 entgegen.10 shows the control slide 18 in its third of four control positions, in which the piston chamber 37 shown communicates with the opening 45.4 and thus with the longitudinal channel 44.1, while the piston chamber 38 communicates with the opening 46.2 and thus with the adjacent longitudinal channel 44.6 of the control pin 18. This means that one piston chamber is connected to a pressure line and the other piston chamber is connected to an intake line. Since the piston and cylinder are non-positively connected, it is possible that the piston lugs 41 of the cylinder 25 as Pump work. The effective cross section of the piston chamber 38 thus counteracts the effective ring cross section of the piston chamber 37.

Wie aus den Fig. 1 und 10 unschwer abgeleitet werden kann, ist in der nicht dargestellten, zwischen den beiden in Fig. 1 und 10 dargestellten Steuerstufen liegenden zweiten Stufe die Kammer 37 des dargestellten Radialkolbens 22 über die längliche Öffnung 45.4 des Steuerzapfens 18 mit dem Längskanal 44.1 verbunden, während die Kammern 38 aller Radialkolben über die Ringnut 48 miteinander verbunden und damit praktisch kurzgeschlossen sind. Die Zylinder werden also nur mit einem Teil ihrer wirksamen Fläche beaufschlagt. Das gleiche Bild ergibt sich in der vierten Schaltstellung des Steuerzapfens 18, wenn die Kammern 37 aller Radialkolben durch die Ringnut 49 des Steuerzapfens kurzgeschlossen sind und die Kammer 38 des dargestellten Radialkolbens über die Öffnung 45.3 des Steuerzapfens 18 mit dem Längskanal 44.1 verbunden ist.As can be easily derived from FIGS. 1 and 10, in the second stage, not shown, between the two control stages shown in FIGS. 1 and 10, the chamber 37 of the radial piston 22 shown is via the elongated opening 45.4 of the control pin 18 with the Longitudinal channel 44.1 connected, while the chambers 38 of all radial pistons are connected to one another via the annular groove 48 and are thus practically short-circuited. The cylinders are therefore only exposed to part of their effective area. The same picture results in the fourth switching position of the control pin 18 when the chambers 37 of all radial pistons are short-circuited by the annular groove 49 of the control pin and the chamber 38 of the radial piston shown is connected to the longitudinal channel 44.1 via the opening 45.3 of the control pin 18.

Der Spalt zwischen Rotor 14 und Steuerzapfen 18 ist in der Nähe der Rotoröffnung durch einen Dichtungsring 50 abgedichtet. Das an der Peripherie des Steuerzapfens 18 auftretende Lecköl kann daher nicht nach außen abfließen. Es können Maßnahmen getroffen werden, daß Lecköl in den Zwischenraum 51 zwischen der Flanschwandung 16 des Rotors und der inneren Stirnseite des Steuerzapfens 18 gelangen kann. Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, steht der gegen Verdrehen gesicherte Steuerzapfen 18 unter der Vorspannung einer Druckfeder 52, durch die er in die aus Fig. 1 ersichtliche erste Steuerstellung gedrückt wird. Die Verstellung des Steuerzapfens 18 in die beiden Steuerstellungen 2 und 3, in denen er durch eine federbelastete Rastkugel 53, die in mit den Nummern der Steuerstellungen bezeichneten Rastkerben 1, 2, 3, 4 fixiert ist, wird durch Einleitung von Lecköl in den Zwischenraum 51 bewirkt, wo ein sich aufbauender Druck auf die gesamte Querschnittsfläche des Steuerzapfens 18 wirkt. Der im Zwischenraum 51 aufgebaute Öldruck wird durch ein in Fig. 1 schematisch angedeutetes einstellbares Druckregelventil 55 in einer flexiblen Leckölleitung 54 gesteuert, das in Abflußrichtung nachgeschaltet ist. Die Leckölleitung 54 ist mit dem Zwischenraum 51 des Motors über einen zentralen Längskanal 56 des Steuerzapfens 18 verbunden. Bei der großen Querschnittsfläche des Steuerzapfens 18 genügt schon eine kleine Änderung des Ölschaltdruckes, um eine genügend große Schubkraft- änderung am Steuerzapfen zu erzeugen, so daß genügend große Kräfte zur Axialverschiebung des Steuerzapfens 18 aus einer Federraststellung in die nächste Stellung gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 52 zur Verfügung stehen und ein exaktes Schalten gewährleistet ist. In der vierten Steuerstellung und Endstellung kann der Steuerzapfen 18 zusätzlich durch einen Anschlag gehalten sein. Die Haltekraft der Federrasten ist so ausgebildet, daß ihre Rastwirkung erst durch eine Druckzunahme im Zwischenraum 51 überwunden wird, die eine Kraftänderung ergibt, die ausreicht, den Steuerzapfen 18 gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 52 bis zur nächsten Raststellung zu verschieben.The gap between the rotor 14 and the control pin 18 is sealed in the vicinity of the rotor opening by a sealing ring 50. The leakage oil occurring at the periphery of the control pin 18 can therefore not flow to the outside. Measures can be taken so that leakage oil can get into the intermediate space 51 between the flange wall 16 of the rotor and the inner end face of the control pin 18. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the control pin 18 secured against rotation is under the pretension of a compression spring 52, by means of which it is pressed into the first control position shown in FIG. 1. The adjustment of the control pin 18 into the two control positions 2 and 3, in which it is fixed by a spring-loaded locking ball 53, which is fixed in locking notches 1, 2, 3, 4 designated by the numbers of the control positions, by introducing leakage oil into the intermediate space 51 causes where a build-up pressure acts on the entire cross-sectional area of the control pin 18. The oil pressure built up in the intermediate space 51 is controlled by an adjustable pressure control valve 55, indicated schematically in FIG. 1, in a flexible leak oil line 54, which is connected downstream in the outflow direction. The leakage oil line 54 is connected to the intermediate space 51 of the engine via a central longitudinal channel 56 of the control pin 18. Given the large cross-sectional area of the control pin 18, a small change in the oil switching pressure is sufficient to produce a sufficiently large change in thrust force on the control pin, so that sufficiently large forces for axially displacing the control pin 18 from a spring catch position into the next position against the force of the compression spring 52 are available and an exact switching is guaranteed. In the fourth control position and end position, the control pin 18 can also be held by a stop. The holding force of the spring catches is designed so that its catch effect is only overcome by a pressure increase in the intermediate space 51, which results in a change in force which is sufficient to move the control pin 18 against the force of the compression spring 52 until the next catch position.

Durch eine andere Ausbildung des Steuerzapfens lassen sich auch andere Steuervarianten bilden, beispielsweise nur zwei oder drei Steuerstufen oder langsame Arbeitsgänge vorwärts und einen Eilrücklauf rückwärts. Gibt man dem wirksamen Querschnitt der Kolbenkammer 38 und dem entsprechenden Querschnitt des Kolbenansatzes 41 des Zylinders 25 eine Fläche, die einem Viertel der gesamten wirksamen Zylinderfläche entspricht, so ergibt sich von der ersten bis zur vierten Steuerstufe des Steuerzapfens 18 folgende Abstufung der wirksamen Zylinderflächen: ausgehend vom Flächenwert vier, der bei der ersten Steuerstufe vorhanden ist und der vollen wirksamen Zylinderfläche entspricht, ergibt sich bei der zweiten Steuerstufe ein Flächenwert drei, bei der dritten Steuerstufe der Flächenwert zwei und in der vierten Steuerstufe der Flächenwert eins. Bei konstanter zugeführter Druckölmenge ergeben sich dabei folgende Drehzahlwerte, ausgehende vom Drehzahlwert 1 bei der ersten Steuerstufe: in der zweiten Steuerstufe beträgt die Drehzahl das 1,33-fache des Wertes 1, in der Steuerstufe drei den doppelten und in der Steuerstufe vier schließlich den vierfachen Wert.A different design of the control pin also makes it possible to form other control variants, for example only two or three control stages or slow work steps forwards and a rapid return in reverse. If the effective cross-section of the piston chamber 38 and the corresponding cross-section of the piston shoulder 41 of the cylinder 25 are given an area which corresponds to a quarter of the total effective cylinder area, the first grading of the control pin 18 results in the following gradation of the effective cylinder areas: starting from of the area value four, which is present at the first control level and corresponds to the full effective cylinder area, there is an area value three at the second control level, the area value two at the third control level and the area value one at the fourth control level. With a constant supply of pressure oil, the following speed values result, starting from speed value 1 in the first control stage: in the second control stage, the speed is 1.33 times the value 1, in control stage three twice and in control stage four finally four times Value.

Claims (3)

1. Hydraulic motor with a rotor mounted in a stationary casing consisting of a radial piston cylinder block with open ended hollow pistons and individual cuplike cylinders pushed over the hollow pistons; these cylinders have at two points opposite to one another, offset inwards in relation to the cup base radial lateral pivot pins on each of which is located a cam roller resting against an internal cam formed by the casing and having a concentric inner control plug by means of which the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the radial piston/cylinder assemblies, characterized by the fact that each of the pistons (22) is divided by two concentric annular walls (35, 36) into two chambers (37, 38) with separate supplies of hydraulic fluid (ports 39, 40), a first chamber (37) of which is formed by the annular space between the two annular walls (35, 36) and a second chamber (38) is formed by the central inner space, that a matching concentric cylindrical pistonlike projection (41) of the cup- shaped cylinder (25) projects into the central inner space (38), and that the separate hydraulic fluid supplies (ports 39, 40) for the individual chambers (37, 38) of the pistons (22) are offset in relation to one another in axial direction of rotor (14) and interact with similarly axially offset ports (45.1-45.4; 46, 47) or grooves (48, 49) of the central control plug (18) which is designed to be displaceable in axial direction between various operating positions.
2. Hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the control plug (18) is axially displaceable against the force of a return spring (52) by means of hydraulic fluid capable of flowing into a pressure chamber (interspace 51) formed between its inner end face and a blank flange (16) of rotor (14) located opposite, the operating positions being determined by spring-loaded engagement settings (ball 53 and notches 1-4) and/or by stops.
3. Hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the annular walls (35, 36) of the hollow pistons (22) are produced separately and are brazed onto a tubular central section of rotor (14) provided with delivery ports (39, 40).
EP80102148A 1980-04-22 1980-04-22 Hydraulic motor Expired EP0038372B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80102148A EP0038372B1 (en) 1980-04-22 1980-04-22 Hydraulic motor
AT80102148T ATE4001T1 (en) 1980-04-22 1980-04-22 HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80102148A EP0038372B1 (en) 1980-04-22 1980-04-22 Hydraulic motor

Publications (2)

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EP0038372A1 EP0038372A1 (en) 1981-10-28
EP0038372B1 true EP0038372B1 (en) 1983-06-29

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AT (1) ATE4001T1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE4037455C1 (en) * 1990-11-24 1992-02-06 Mannesmann Rexroth Gmbh, 8770 Lohr, De
FR2836960B1 (en) * 2002-03-08 2004-07-09 Poclain Hydraulics Ind HYDRAULIC MOTOR WITH STAGE RADIAL CYLINDERS
TWI684705B (en) 2016-12-21 2020-02-11 黃進添 Low energy high steam pressure, oil pressure, steam engine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191009402A (en) * 1910-04-18 1911-06-19 Henry Selby Hele-Shaw Improvements in Pumps and Motors.
FR1411047A (en) * 1964-06-03 1965-09-17 Poclain Sa Gear changing device for hydraulic motor with several groups of cylinders
US3799034A (en) * 1972-10-06 1974-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Rotary fluid device
US3787147A (en) * 1972-12-26 1974-01-22 Owatonna Tool Co Two-stage air-hydraulic booster
DE2452725A1 (en) * 1974-11-06 1976-05-20 Pleiger Maschf Paul Radial piston engine with cam on take off shaft - piston on cam moves in pivotable dished section, with hydraulic line passing to inner piston
DE2853552C3 (en) * 1978-12-12 1981-08-13 Rudolf 7031 Holzgerlingen Bock Hydraulic motor

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ATE4001T1 (en) 1983-07-15
EP0038372A1 (en) 1981-10-28

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