EP0036025B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036025B1
EP0036025B1 EP19800101136 EP80101136A EP0036025B1 EP 0036025 B1 EP0036025 B1 EP 0036025B1 EP 19800101136 EP19800101136 EP 19800101136 EP 80101136 A EP80101136 A EP 80101136A EP 0036025 B1 EP0036025 B1 EP 0036025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
portions
stretching
cam
rotation
succession
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800101136
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0036025A1 (de
Inventor
James M. Washington
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Philip Morris Products Inc
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Application filed by Philip Morris USA Inc filed Critical Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority to DE8080101136T priority Critical patent/DE3068087D1/de
Priority to EP19800101136 priority patent/EP0036025B1/de
Publication of EP0036025A1 publication Critical patent/EP0036025A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/0225—Applying additives to filter materials with solid additives, e.g. incorporation of a granular product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing an article of manufacture comprised of elongate filamentary material wherein the material is continuously advanced from an issue location to a take-up location and selected mutually spaced first portions of said material are stretched by imparting an angular bend to said material while second portions are retained to prevent stretching thereof.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out this method comprising first and second means rotating in opposite senses for advancing said material with the second means defining a succession of surfaces in the direction of rotation thereof.
  • a method is known in accordance with the prior art portion of claim 1 (FR-A-681 317) in which the filamentary material is stretched between two rolls of which the first roll is circular and of which the second roll is non-circular, i.e. triangular with rounded edges and outwardly bent sides.
  • the filamentary material is stretched intermittently due to the non-circular second roll but the first and the second portions of the elongate filamentary material are not sharply distinguished.
  • the above-discussed technique has advantage in various respects over other known practices in which individual filter plugs are separated from one another by spaces for receipt of additive material, such practice being generally referred to as plug-space-plug filter making.
  • the first-discussed practice avoids the need for pre-forming individual filter plugs and maintaining precise spacing therebetween in the course of conveyance to additive material dispensing units.
  • a disadvantage exists, however, in the first-discussed practice based on its characteristic tow compression. By reason thereof, the filament density per unit volume of the tow longitudinally of the finished filter element changes from nominal density in filter element portions not containing additive material, i.e., uncompressed regions, to undesirably increased density in those filter element portions corresponding to tow compression regions. Possible results are an undesirable increase of draw resistance in the vicinity of the additive material and undesired increase in plug firmness or in rod diameter in such filter portions.
  • the invention as claimed solves the problem of how to treat elongate filamentary material so that first and second portions are sharply defined with material being stretched solely in the first portions.
  • the second portions of the elongate filamentary material are retained in accordance with claim 6 by the first means also defining a common succession of surfaces in the direction of rotation thereof, said surfaces of said first and second means being flat and said flat surfaces of said first means being of less extent than those of said second means.
  • the advantages offered by the invention are mainly that the respective extents of the stretched and unstretched filamentary material extents are pre-selectable, whereby any desired longitudinal extent of lessened filamentary material volume may be provided in such continuously advancing tow while filament density per unit cross-section is maintained substantially constant.
  • This is useful especially in cigarette filter manufacture where the low filament volume portions of the tow can be selected in longitudinal extent corresponding to the extent of filter elements in which additive material is to be included. Accordingly, resistance to draw is generally uniform throughout the finished filter element and the additive material does not give rise to increased rod firmness or diameter.
  • tow T is formed into elongated continuous rod configuration by forming horn 10 of well-known commercial usage and is led in such configuration into stretching apparatus 12, comprised in the Fig. 1 embodiment of opposed cams 14 and 16, each of triangular shape and rotated in mutually opposite senses as indicated by the arrows.
  • tensioning rod or roller 18 shall be considered to be a tow issue location and tensioning rod or roller 20 shall be considered to be a tow take-up location.
  • collector wheel 32 is keyed to drive shaft 34 for rotation as indicated within unit 24.
  • Negatively-pressurized conduit 36 is fixedly disposed with respect to wheel 32 as is positively- pressurized conduit 38, suitable structure for this purpose being set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,005,668, commonly assigned herewith.
  • collector wheel 32 includes slots 40 extending radially outwardly from a radial location in registry with ducts 36 and 38 to the collector wheel periphery, air permeable discs 42 being fixedly disposed in the slots.
  • Cam 14 is rotated about its center c 1 and has turning radius r 1 and its three sides are of equal length I 1 .
  • the cam tips are identified as 14a, 14b and 14c.
  • the cam side extending between cam tips 14b and 14c forms an angle a with the horizontal.
  • Cam 16 has center c 2 , turning radius r 2 and cam tips 16a, 16b and 16c. Each side of cam 16 is of length 1 2 , which exceeds length 1 1 of cam 14 to effect the stretching of tow.
  • cams 14 and 16 are rotated in respective opposite senses at the same rotational speed with centers c 1 and c 2 on a common vertical axis and mutually spaced by distance sr 2 .
  • a line extending between cam tip 16a and center c 2 of cam 16 is identified as forming angle ⁇ with the horizontal.
  • tractable material may be stretched over its length by use of differently-sized, successively disposed transport rollers.
  • cam tips 14c and 16c to be points on the periphery of such prior art rollers and to be displaced through distances d 1 and d 2 on roller rotation through a 90° angle.
  • Distance d 1 defines the longitudinal measure of tow issued by rod 18 and distance d 2 the longitudinal measure of tow collected by rod 20. Since r 2 exceeds r, d 2 exceeds d 1 and the tow is accordingly stretched.
  • Such stretching occurs uniformly over the entire length of material transported between the issue and collecting locations where such prior art rollers are employed.
  • the Fig. 2 apparatus enables stretching over selective portions of such transported material, as will be understood from Figs. 3 and 4(a) through 4(m), now jointly discussed.
  • cams 14 and 16 are in their Fig. 2 orientation and two inter-cam tip distances are noted, d e1 and d p1 .
  • Distance d e1 is defined as the distance between the leading cam tip of cam 14 engaging tow T, namely, cam tip 14a, and the tip of cam 16 closest thereto, namely, cam tip 16a.
  • Distance dp 1 is defined as the distance between such leading operative cam tip of cam 14 and the lagging operative cam tip of cam 16, namely, cam tip 16b.
  • Commencement of tow stretching will occur as distance dp less distance d r becomes equal to distance I 2 , i.e., the common length of the sides of cam 16.
  • each of cams 14 and 16 is rotated stepwise through 10° angular movements.
  • cam 14 has been rotated counterclockwise by 10° from its Fig. 4(a) orientation
  • cam 16 has been rotated 10° clockwise from its Fig. 4(a) orientation.
  • the above-noted inter-cam tip distance condition for stretching is observed not to exist in Fig. 4(b) and is still absent in the course of further cam rotation shown in Fig. 4(c). Stretching commences at a rotational juncture between the showings of Figs. 4(c) and 4(d) at which juncture the stretching condition is met.
  • Such retention or capture of tow portions P a and P b is enabled by the relatively sharp angular relation between the cam sides whereby the cam tips effectively restrain from relative longitudinal movement opposed ends of each of portions P a and P b .
  • Such capture aspect is operative as the distance stretching condition is met.
  • FIG. 3 depicts the zone of tow stretching under the influence of cam tips 14a and 16a.
  • stretching zones apply successively for stretching between cam tips 14c and 16c, as will commence on further cam orientation from the Fig. 4(m) showing, and thereafter for stretching between cam tips 14b and 16b. Since all stretching operations are identical, lengths of stretched portions are uniform as are lengths of unstretched portions.
  • the leading portion of tow T i.e., closest to cam tip 16a
  • the successive portion of tow T leading rearwardly to cam tip 14c is unstretched.
  • the respective extents of such stretched and unstretched portions may be varied by variation of the geometric parameters shown in Fig. 2, i.e., ⁇ , ⁇ , r 1 , r 2 and a ratio S, defined as sr 2 being the distance between cam centers c 1 and c 2 .
  • Example 2 0 is increased successively with other parameters as in Example 1. These practices give successively increased measures of stretched lengths and corresponding decreased measures of unstretched lengths.
  • Example 4 the Example 2 parameter values apply, except that I 1 and f are decreased.
  • the Example 4 practice decreases stretched length and increases unstretched length.
  • Example 5 all Example 2 parameter values apply except S is decreased, with consequent increase in stretched length and decrease in unstretched length from that of Example 2.
  • drive shaft 52 has gear 54 fixed thereto in engagement with idler gear 56 (Figs. 7, 8).
  • Shaft 56a of gear 56 has gear support brackets 58 and 60 secured thereto as indicated, with bracket 60 supporting gear 62.
  • Shaft 62a of gear 62 drives shaft 64 through coupler 66, shaft 64 having upper triangular cam 68 releasably secured thereto by fitting 70 for purposes discussed below.
  • drive shaft 52 At its end opposite gear 54, drive shaft 52 has gear 72 fixed thereto in engagement with gear 74.
  • Gear 74 is secured to shaft 76 which supports lower triangular cam 78.
  • gear 72 imparts clockwise rotation to gear 74 and hence lower cam 78.
  • gears 54, 56 and 62 impart counterclockwise rotation to upper cam 68.
  • Gear 82 is in engagement with gear 72 and is keyed to shaft 84 which supports output prismatic shaft 86.
  • Input prismatic shaft 88 is rotated by gear 72 through intermediate gears 74, 90, 92, gear 94 being keyed to shaft 96 supporting prismatic shaft 88.
  • the prismatic shafts have square cross-section and are rotated, by gear ratio selection at a rotational speed of three-quarters the rotational speed of the triangular cams.
  • the extent of each flat face of prismatic shaft 86 in its direction of rotation is equal to the length of the flat faces of triangular cam 78 in its direction of rotation.
  • each flat face of prismatic shaft 88 in its direction of rotation is equal to the length of the flat faces of triangular cam 68 in its direction of rotation.
  • the addition of the prismatic shafts to the stretching apparatus serves to maintain tension in tow T without further appreciably stretching it.

Landscapes

  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines länglichen Produkts aus faserförmigem Material (T), bei welchem
(a) das Material (T) kontinuierlich in der Längsrichtung durch eine Abgabestelle (18) gefördert wird;
(b) kontinuierlich in der Längsrichtung dieses Material (T) durch eine Aufnahmestelle (20) gefördert wird, die sich von der Abgabestelle (18) in Abstand befindet; und
(c) während das Material (T) von der Ausgabestelle (18) kontinuierlich zur Aufnahmestelle (20) gefördert wird, wobei gewählte voneinander in Abstand befindliche erste Teile (48) des Materials in der Längsrichtung gestreckt werden, indem eine winkelige Biegung dem Material (T) mitgeteilt wird, gleichzeitig zweite Teile (50) des Materials (T) in der Längsrichtung nachfolgend den erwähnten ersten Teilen (48) gehalten werden, um eine Streckung der zweiten Teile (50) desselben zu verhindern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Teile (50) dadurch gehalten werden, daß eine relative Längsbewegung der entgegengesetzten Enden der zweiten Teile (50) des Materials (T) dadurch verhindert wird, daß eine scharfe winkelige Biegung an jedem der erwähnten Enden mitgeteilt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Verfahrensstufe (c) in einer Weise durchgeführt wird, die eine Gleichmäßigkeit in der Längserstreckung jedes der ersten Teile (48) des Materials ergibt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem die Verfahrensstufe (c) in einer weiteren Weise dadurch durchgeführt wird, daß Gleichmäßigkeit in den Längserstreckungen der zweiten Teile (50) des Materials erhalten wird.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, mit der weiteren Verfahrensstufe, gemäß welcher Zusatzstoff (46) den ersten Teilen (48) des Materials nach deren Erstreckung zugeführt wird.
5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3 oder 4, bei welchem das Produkt ein Filterelement ist und das Verfahren ferner folgende Stufen umfaßt: Das Material kontinuierlich als länglicher Strang geformt wird, welche Verfahrensstufen (a) bis (c) mit dem Material (T) in solcher Form durchgeführt wird, und Zusatzmaterial (46) auf die ersten Teile (48) des Materials nach dem Strecken derselben in der Stufe (c) aufgebracht wird.
6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, mit ersten und zweiten Organen (14, 16; 68, 78) zum aufeinanderfolgenden Aufnehmen und zum kontinuierlichen Fördern des Materials (T), die zweiten Organe (16; 78) eine Folge von Flächen in der Drehrichtung derselben begrenzen und dritte Organe (54, 56, 62) zum Drehen der ersten und zweiten Organe (14, 16; 68, 78) in zueinander entgegengesetztem Sinn, wodurch die Förderung und die Längsstreckung der Erstreckung des Materials zwischen den erwähnten in Abstand voneinander befindlichen Teilen durchgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Organ (14; 68) ferner eine Folge von Flächen in deren Drehrichtung begrenzt, welche Flächen des ersten und des zweiten Organs (14, 16; 68, 78) flach sind und welche flachen Flächen der ersten Organe (14; 68) von einer Erstreckung (1,) in solcher Drehrichtung der ersten Organe (14; 68) sind, die geringer ist als die entsprechenden Erstreckungen (12) der flachen Flächen der zweiten Organe (16; 78).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei welchem die dritten Organe (54, 56, 62) den ersten und zweiten Organen (14, 16; 68, 78) die gleiche Drehgeschwindigkeit mitteilen.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, bei welcher jedes der ersten und zweiten Organe (14, 16; 68, 78) eine Folge von drei solchen flachen Flächen begrenzen, die mit Bezug aufeinander winkelig gleich ausgerichtet sind.
9. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 6 bis 8, ferner mit einem vierten Organ (88) durch Zufuhr des Materials (T) zum ersten Organ (14; 68) und einem fünften Organ (86) zur Aufnahme des Materials (T) vom zweiten Organ (16; 78), wobei das vierte Orgap (88) und das- fünfte Organ (86) zusammenwirken, um die Spannung im Material (T) aufrecht zu erhalten.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vierte Organ (88) und das fünfte Organ (86) eine weitere Folge von flachen Flächen in ihren Drehrichtungen begrenzen, welche weitere Folge in der Zahl größer ist als die gemeinsame Aufeinanderfolge, welche durch das erste und das zweite Organ bestimmt wird.
11. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 6 bis 10, bei welcher das dritte Organ ferner Mittel (58, 60, 66, 80a, 80b) zur Veränderung des Abstandes zwischen den Drehungsmittelpunkten des ersten und des zweiten Organs aufweist.
EP19800101136 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Expired EP0036025B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8080101136T DE3068087D1 (en) 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Method for providing an article of manufacture comprised of elongate filamentary material and apparatus for carrying out this method
EP19800101136 EP0036025B1 (de) 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19800101136 EP0036025B1 (de) 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

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EP0036025A1 EP0036025A1 (de) 1981-09-23
EP0036025B1 true EP0036025B1 (de) 1984-06-06

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EP19800101136 Expired EP0036025B1 (de) 1980-03-06 1980-03-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus länglichem, faserigen Material bestehenden Erzeugnisses und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

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DE (1) DE3068087D1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB326778A (en) * 1928-09-13 1930-03-13 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to the production of artificial filaments, yarns, or threads
FR1546531A (fr) * 1967-06-22 1968-11-22 Rhodiaceta Nouveaux fils et leur procédé d'obtention
GB1264327A (de) * 1968-07-05 1972-02-23
CH627056A5 (de) * 1977-12-15 1981-12-31 Baumgartner Papiers Sa

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DE3068087D1 (en) 1984-07-12
EP0036025A1 (de) 1981-09-23

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