EP0033140B1 - Process for producing a surface coating of a hardenable multicomponent system - Google Patents
Process for producing a surface coating of a hardenable multicomponent system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0033140B1 EP0033140B1 EP81100482A EP81100482A EP0033140B1 EP 0033140 B1 EP0033140 B1 EP 0033140B1 EP 81100482 A EP81100482 A EP 81100482A EP 81100482 A EP81100482 A EP 81100482A EP 0033140 B1 EP0033140 B1 EP 0033140B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filler
- hydroxyl groups
- containing hydroxyl
- primer
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical class C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium chromate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
Definitions
- a powder filler is electrostatically applied to the body and baked under the conditions suitable for the filler material.
- the parts of the body that are not coated and painted during electrostatic application are then provided with an electro-dip primer by immersing the entire body, so that the entire metallic surface is then protected from corrosion by a paint film. With the curing of this electrocoat, the crosslinking of the powder filler is also completed. After sanding the filler (sanding a powder filler means an enormous amount of work), the top coat is applied and baked.
- the “reverse” process means that one looks at the entire body, not an operation, but a paint job is saved.
- this process offers very great advantages, some serious shortcomings have prevented the process from finding widespread use in the automotive industry.
- the biggest obstacles are on the one hand the high investment costs for the powder coating system, on the other hand the enormous effort that has to be done for the grinding in order to achieve the surface quality of the current automotive painting.
- a process for the production of coatings in two stages has already been proposed, with a solvent-containing lacquer composed of A) a hydroxyl-containing oligomeric and / or polymeric compound, B) a trimellitic acid-containing polycarboxylic acid mixture as crosslinker in the ratio of component A to a substrate 1) as filler ) to component B) from 50:50 to 90:10 and other customary additives and hardened to water resistance and then 2) another layer of lacquer is applied by electrocoating and both layers are hardened. Only component polyester is mentioned there as component A) (European application 8125, not previously published).
- the present invention now relates to a process for the production of coatings in two stages, a solvent-containing lacquer comprising A) a hydroxyl-containing oligomeric and / or polymeric compound, B) a crosslinking agent and other customary additives being applied to a substrate 1) as a filler and up to Water resistance is cured and then 2) another coat of paint is applied by electrocoating and both coats are cured, which is characterized in that for the production of coatings in whose overlap zone the layer thickness is at least as thick as the top coat applied by electrocoating, as hydroxyl-containing oligomers and / or polymeric compounds A 1 ) hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resins as such or in combination with hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resins and / or hydroxyl group-containing polyesters or A 2 ) hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resins in combination with hydroxyl group-containing polyesters, a As crosslinker B) of the filler, a polycarboxylic acid mixture containing trimellitic acid and components
- Suitable acrylic resins are, for example, those obtained by copolymerizing alkyl esters of acrylic or.
- Methacrylic acid the alcohol component of which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, can be obtained with hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
- the alcohol component can be derived, for example, from methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso- or tert-butyl alcohol, the various pentanols, hexanols, heptanols and octanols.
- Such acrylic resins can also by copolymerization of conventional aromatic vinyl monomers, such as styrene, the various vinyl toluenes and a-methylstyrene, e.g. B. in a weight fraction up to 50 wt .-% of the total weight, modified.
- conventional aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, the various vinyl toluenes and a-methylstyrene, e.g. B.
- acrylic resins are products such as those obtained by mixed polymerization of acrylic or Methacrylamide with conventional monomers, e.g. B. the above-mentioned alkyl esters of acrylic or methyldrylic acid and aromatic vinyl monomers, for. B. the aforementioned can be obtained.
- these copolymers can also hydroxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates or acrylic or methacrylic acid in smaller amounts, for. B. less than 10%, especially less than 5%.
- the amide group-containing copolymers are then reacted with aldehydes, in particular formaldehyde, to give products containing alkylol groups and are suitable in this form for the procedure according to the present invention.
- Suitable epoxy resins are, above all, those obtained by reacting polyhydric phenols, in particular diphenylolalkanes, such as 4,4-diphenylolmethane and / or propane
- Epihalohydrins especially epichlorohydrin can be obtained.
- the low and medium molecular weight products come into consideration. These are expediently dissolved, as are higher molecular weight products, in suitable solvents such as ethylene glycol monoethyl or monobutyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone and / or vinyl isobutyl ketone. If vinyl isobutyl ketone is used, special effects can be achieved in individual cases by incorporating the double bond into the system by means of polymerization reactions, which can be of particular interest when combining epoxy resins with polyesters or acrylic resins.
- Trimellitic acid-containing polycarboxylic acid mixtures are those which contain compounds of the formulas (I) to (III) (see formula sheet). In formulas (I) to (III) are
- R may also be branched in the radical R.
- Such branched polycarboxylic acids cannot easily be represented by a single formula. If, owing to the possible higher valence than 2 of R, R 'and R", the compounds (I) to (III ) are branched, the indices x, y and z can be the same or different in the different branches.
- Compounds of formula (I) are e.g. B. esters of trimellitic acid having multiple ester groups with polyhydric, for example 2- to 6-valent, saturated or unsaturated alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, including those having up to 3 ether groups. Suitable alcohols for the preparation of these compounds are e.g. B.
- diols already mentioned, and their higher homologs or their unsaturated analogs, for. B. butenediols, further oligomers of ethylene glycol, and the above-mentioned higher alcohols, the diols being preferred.
- Suitable compounds of the formulas (I), (11) and (111) are, for example, those in which R, R 'and R "are preferably divalent, but can also be branched, depending on the structure and valency of the starting alcohol.
- the compounds of formula (III) are, for example, oligomeric polycarboxylic acids with several ester groups.
- the compounds of formulas (I) to (III) can, for. B. by hydrolysis of a mixture containing anhydride groups, as is obtained in the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with the corresponding di- and / or higher alcohols in a manner known per se. This can be done with or without a solvent. If hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a solvent, solvent-free polycarboxylic acid mixtures can also be obtained by careful distillation, if appropriate under reduced pressure. In many cases, however, it is possible to choose a solvent mixture so that suitable polycarboxylic acid solutions are obtained for further processing. Hydrolysis is particularly simple if the amount of water required for the hydrolysis is added to a melt or a solution of an anhydride mixture at elevated temperature. To complete the hydrolysis, stirring is continued for a while at this temperature.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, those mentioned in the case of the epoxy resins or mixtures thereof, e.g. B. from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and xylene, for. B. in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 3.
- the characterization of the mixtures containing anhydride groups is particularly suitable for Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on polystyrene gel crosslinked with divinylbenzene as sorbent and with tetrahydrofuran as eluent.
- GPC Gel permeation chromatography
- the component B) expediently contains from 70 to 99.8, preferably from 80 to 95,% by weight of compounds of the formulas (I) to (III) and from 0.1 to 30, preferably from 5 to 20,% by weight of trimellitic acid. -%.
- the content of oligomeric polycarboxylic acids (formula (III)) within the mixture of the compounds of the formulas (I) to (111) can be between 0.1 and 99.8, preferably between 30 and 70%.
- the polycarboxylic acid hardeners can consist of mixtures of individual components with different radicals R, R 'and R "and indices x, y, z, t and u.
- component A) to component B the polycarboxylic acid mixture
- component B) the hardening and thus the film properties are poor.
- the baking conditions for both the filler coating and the ET primer can be varied within a wide range. Films with good properties and excellent overlap of the border zone through the ET primer are obtained under the following baking conditions: 1 to 60 minutes at temperatures from 80 to 300 ° C, preferably 8 to 40 minutes at 100 to 170 ° C, in particular 15 to 25 minutes at 115 to 140 ° C.
- the width of the overlap zone can be adapted to the technical requirements by varying the baking temperature and time.
- An advantage of using the filler used according to the invention is that it can be used even under mild baking conditions, e.g. B. 40 minutes at 100 ° C to 8 minutes at 150 ° C, preferably 20 minutes at 120 ° C, forms a waterproof film and thereby makes the subsequent ET coating possible.
- the width of the overlap of ET primer and filler is generally 2 to 150 mm and can be controlled according to the technical requirements by varying the stoving conditions and the layer thickness of the filler.
- Another advantage is that the total layer thickness in the overlap zone is always greater than that of the ET primer. It is formed additively from the layer thickness of the filler present at this point and the electro-dip coating applied. This greater layer thickness is particularly important because corrosion can particularly occur in the edge zone of the two coating systems. As has been shown in the salt spray test according to SS DIN 50 021 or salt spray test according to DIN 53 167, the corrosion resistance in the overlap zone is just as excellent as in the surface of the ET primer or filler.
- ET primer is applied is irrelevant to the method according to the invention. All ET methods common today can be used, e.g. B. also anaphoretic procedures such as catata and autophoresis.
- Both the filler and the mixtures used in the ET primer can also contain customary additives such as dyes, pigments, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, leveling agents and catalysts. These substances can be added to the individual components and / or the overall mixture.
- dyes or pigments which can be of an inorganic or organic nature are: titanium dioxide, graphite, carbon black, zinc chromate, strontium chromate, barium chromate, lead chromate, lead cyanamide, lead silicate chromate, calcium molybdate, manganese phosphate, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide Chromium titanium yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide black, ultramarine blue, phthalocyanine complexes, naphthol red or the like.
- Suitable fillers are e.g. B. talc, mica, kaolin, chalk, quartz flour, asbestos flour, slate flour, barium sulfate, various silicas, silicates, glass fibers, organic fibers or the like.
- the customary solvents are used for the fillers, for example aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, ethers, esters, glycol ethers and their esters, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, terpene derivatives such as toluene, xylene, butanol, ethyl and butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl or butyl ether and their acetates, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diathy Lenglykoldimethyl decisivher, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, isophorone or mixtures thereof.
- aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons for example aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, ethers, esters, glycol ethers and their esters, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, terpene derivatives such as toluene, xylene,
- the layer thicknesses of the individual lacquer coatings are 20 to 70, preferably 30 to 50 ⁇ m in the case of the filler, while the ET primer has thicknesses of 10 to 40, preferably 15 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the stoving conditions of the filler coating are varied to 17 minutes at 90 ° C.
- a composition according to the prior art is also produced by repeating Example 1 with the difference that the resin component containing hydroxyl groups is a mixture of a medium-oil ricinenalkyd resin (60% in xylene with a content of approx.
- the stoving conditions for the filler coating are varied to 17 minutes at 80 ° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
Man hat versucht, die Autolackierung durch das sogenannte « Reverse »-Verfahren zu rationalisieren. Hierbei wird ein Pulverfüller elektrostatisch auf die Karosserie aufgebracht und unter den für das Füllermaterial geeigneten Bedingungen eingebrannt. Die beim elektrostatischen Auftrag nicht beschichteten und lackierten Teile der Karosserie werden anschließend mit einer Elektrotauch (ET)-Grundierung versehen, indem die gesamte Karosserie eingetaucht wird, so daß danach die gesamte metallische Oberfläche durch einen Lackfilm vor Korrosion geschützt ist. Mit dem Aushärten dieses Elektrotauchlackes wird auch die Vernetzung des Pulverfüllers vervollständigt. Nach Schleifen des Füllers (das Schleifen eines Pulverfüllers bedeutet einen enormen Arbeitsaufwand) wird der Decklack aufgebracht und eingebrannt.Attempts have been made to rationalize car painting using the so-called “reverse” process. Here, a powder filler is electrostatically applied to the body and baked under the conditions suitable for the filler material. The parts of the body that are not coated and painted during electrostatic application are then provided with an electro-dip primer by immersing the entire body, so that the entire metallic surface is then protected from corrosion by a paint film. With the curing of this electrocoat, the crosslinking of the powder filler is also completed. After sanding the filler (sanding a powder filler means an enormous amount of work), the top coat is applied and baked.
Im Unterschied zum herkömmlichen Verfahren, bei dem normalerweise eine Dreischichten-Lackierung vorgenommen wird, wird somit beim « Reverse »-Verfahren, betrachtet man die gesamte Karosserie, zwar kein Arbeitsgang, aber eine Lackschicht eingespart. Obwohl dieses Verfahren sehr große Vorteile bietet, haben einige gravierende Mängel verhindert, daß das Verfahren im größeren Maßstab in der Automobilindustrie Eingang gefunden hat. Die größten Hindernisse stellen einmal die hohen Investitionskosten für die Pulverbeschichtungsanlage dar, zum anderen der enorme Aufwand, der für das Schleifen getrieben werden muß, um die Oberflächenqualität der derzeitigen Automobillackierung zu erreichen.In contrast to the conventional process, in which a three-layer paint job is normally carried out, the “reverse” process means that one looks at the entire body, not an operation, but a paint job is saved. Although this process offers very great advantages, some serious shortcomings have prevented the process from finding widespread use in the automotive industry. The biggest obstacles are on the one hand the high investment costs for the powder coating system, on the other hand the enormous effort that has to be done for the grinding in order to achieve the surface quality of the current automotive painting.
Das schwierigste Problem überhaupt stellt aber die Randzone zwischen Pulverfüller und ET-Grundierung dar, da eine Überlappung der Lackschichten nicht erfolgt und hier bevorzugt Korrosion einsetzt. Ein weiterer wesentlicher negativer Faktor ist der hohe Energiebedarf, der bei der Verarbeitung von Pulverlacken erforderlich ist. Darüber hinaus ist es schwierig, dünne und gleichmäßige Schichten zu erzielen. Während der Montage entstandene Beschädigungen sind bei Pulverfüllern nur schwierig auszubessern.The most difficult problem at all is the edge zone between the powder filler and the ET primer, since there is no overlap of the paint layers and corrosion is preferred here. Another significant negative factor is the high energy requirement that is required when processing powder coatings. In addition, it is difficult to achieve thin and even layers. Damage caused during assembly is difficult to repair with powder fillers.
Man hat auch versucht, konventionelle, d. h. lösungsmittelhaltige Einbrennfüller, die im Spritzverfahren aufgetragen werden, auf Basis von Kombinationen von Polyester-, Alkyd- und Epoxyharzen mit Aminharzen wie verätherten Harnstoff- oder Melamin-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukten im « Reverse •-Verfahren zu erproben. Dabei hat sich aber gezeigt, daß das Korrosionsproblem in der Randzone der beiden Lacksysteme nicht befriedigend zu lösen ist. Die vom Füller stammende dünne, mehr, oder weniger zusammenhängende Schicht, gebildet durch « Spritzstaub » in der Randzone, isoliert bei einer nachfolgenden Elektrotauchlackierung so gut, daß an diesen Stellen keine Abscheidung der suspendierten Teilchen erfolgt. Dies bedeutet, daß die Randzone teilweise durch den Spritzstaub des Füllers, dessen Schichtdicke dort im allgemeinen unter 5 11m liegt, nicht ausreichend geschützt wird, so daß dieses Verfahren trotz gewisser Vorteile für die Anwendung in der Praxis nicht geeignet ist.Conventional, i.e. H. to test solvent-based stoving fillers, which are applied by spraying, on the basis of combinations of polyester, alkyd and epoxy resins with amine resins such as etherified urea or melamine-formaldehyde condensation products in the “reverse • method”. It has been shown, however, that the corrosion problem in the edge zone of the two paint systems cannot be solved satisfactorily. The thin, more or less coherent layer originating from the filler, formed by "spray dust" in the edge zone, isolates so well during subsequent electrocoating that there is no separation of the suspended particles at these points. This means that the edge zone is not adequately protected in part by the spray dust from the filler, the layer thickness of which is generally below 5 11 m, so that, despite certain advantages, this method is not suitable for practical use.
Es wurde schon ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Überzügen in zwei Stufen vorgeschlagen, wobei auf ein Substrat 1) als Füller ein lösungsmittelhaltiger Lack aus A) einer hydroxylgruppenhaltigen oligomeren und/oder polymeren Verbindung, B) einem Trimellithsäure enthaltenden Polycarbonsäuregemisch als Vernetzer im Verhältnis der Komponente A) zur Komponente B) von 50 : 50 bis 90 : 10 und weiteren üblichen Zusätzen aufgebracht und bis zur Wasserfestigkeit gehärter wird und anschließend 2) eine weitere Lackschicht durch Elektrotauchlackierung aufgetragen und beide Schichten gehärtet werden. Als Komponente A) sind dort nur Polyester genannt (Nicht vorveröffentlichte europäische Anmeldung 8125).A process for the production of coatings in two stages has already been proposed, with a solvent-containing lacquer composed of A) a hydroxyl-containing oligomeric and / or polymeric compound, B) a trimellitic acid-containing polycarboxylic acid mixture as crosslinker in the ratio of component A to a substrate 1) as filler ) to component B) from 50:50 to 90:10 and other customary additives and hardened to water resistance and then 2) another layer of lacquer is applied by electrocoating and both layers are hardened. Only component polyester is mentioned there as component A) (European application 8125, not previously published).
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft nunmehr ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Überzügen in zwei Stufen, wobei auf ein Substrat 1) als Füller ein lösungsmittelhaltiger Lack aus A) einer hydroxylgruppenhaltigen oligomeren und/oder polymeren Verbindung, B) einem Vernetzer und weiteren üblichen Zusätzen aufgebracht und bis zur Wasserfestigkeit gehärtet wird und anschließend 2) eine weitere Lackschicht durch Elektrotauchlackierung aufgetragen und beide Schichten gehärtet werden, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß zur Herstellung von Überzügen, in deren Überlappungszone die Schichtdicke wenigstens so stark ist wie die durch Elektrotauchlackierung aufgebrachte Deckschicht, als hydroxylgruppenhaltige oligomere und/oder polymere Verbindungen A1) hydroxylgruppenhaltige Epoxydharze als solche oder in Kombination mit hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Acrylharzen und/oder hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polyestern oder A2) hydroxylgruppenhaltige Acrylharze in Kombination mit hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polyestern, als Vernetzer B) des Füllers ein Trimellithsäure enthaltendes Polycarbonsäuregemisch und die Komponenten A) und B) im Verhältnis von 50 : 50 bis 90 : 10 angewendet werden.The present invention now relates to a process for the production of coatings in two stages, a solvent-containing lacquer comprising A) a hydroxyl-containing oligomeric and / or polymeric compound, B) a crosslinking agent and other customary additives being applied to a substrate 1) as a filler and up to Water resistance is cured and then 2) another coat of paint is applied by electrocoating and both coats are cured, which is characterized in that for the production of coatings in whose overlap zone the layer thickness is at least as thick as the top coat applied by electrocoating, as hydroxyl-containing oligomers and / or polymeric compounds A 1 ) hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resins as such or in combination with hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resins and / or hydroxyl group-containing polyesters or A 2 ) hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resins in combination with hydroxyl group-containing polyesters, a As crosslinker B) of the filler, a polycarboxylic acid mixture containing trimellitic acid and components A) and B) in a ratio of 50:50 to 90:10 are used.
Geeignete Acrylharze sind beispielsweise solche, wie sie durch Mischpolymerisation von Alkylestern der Acryl-bzw. Methacrylsäure, deren Alkoholkomponente 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatome hat, mit Hydroxyäthyl- bzw. Hydroxypropylestern der Acryl- bzw. Methacrylsäure erhalten werden. Die Alkoholkomponente kann sich beispielsweise von Methyl-, Äthyl-, n- oder iso-Propyl-, n-, sek.-, iso- oder tert.-Butylalkohol, den verschiedenen Pentanolen, Hexanolen, Heptanolen und Octanolen ableiten. Derartige Acrylharze können auch durch Einpolymerisation von üblichen aromatischen Vinylmonomeren, wie Styrol, den verschiedenen Vinyltoluolen und a-Methylstyrol, z. B. in einem Gewichtsanteil bis zu 50 Gew.-% des Gesamtgewichts, modifiziert sein.Suitable acrylic resins are, for example, those obtained by copolymerizing alkyl esters of acrylic or. Methacrylic acid, the alcohol component of which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, can be obtained with hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The alcohol component can be derived, for example, from methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso- or tert-butyl alcohol, the various pentanols, hexanols, heptanols and octanols. Such acrylic resins can also by copolymerization of conventional aromatic vinyl monomers, such as styrene, the various vinyl toluenes and a-methylstyrene, e.g. B. in a weight fraction up to 50 wt .-% of the total weight, modified.
Als Acrylharze sind auch Produkte geeignet, wie sie durch Mischpolymerisation von Acryl- bzw. Methacrylamid mit üblichen Monomeren, z. B. den obengenannten Alkylestern der Acryl- bzw. Methyldrylsäure und aromatischen Vinylmonomeren, z. B. den vorgenannten erhalten werden. Gegebenenfalls können diese Mischpolymerisate auch Hydroxyalkylacrylate bzw.-methacrylate oder Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure in kleineren Mengen, z. B. weniger als 10 %, insbesondere weniger als 5 % enthalten. Die amidgruppenhaltigen Mischpolymerisate sind dann noch mit Aldehyden, insbesondere Formaldehyd, zu alkylolgruppenhaltigen Produkten umgesetzt und in dieser Form für die Arbeitsweise gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung geeignet.Also suitable as acrylic resins are products such as those obtained by mixed polymerization of acrylic or Methacrylamide with conventional monomers, e.g. B. the above-mentioned alkyl esters of acrylic or methyldrylic acid and aromatic vinyl monomers, for. B. the aforementioned can be obtained. If appropriate, these copolymers can also hydroxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates or acrylic or methacrylic acid in smaller amounts, for. B. less than 10%, especially less than 5%. The amide group-containing copolymers are then reacted with aldehydes, in particular formaldehyde, to give products containing alkylol groups and are suitable in this form for the procedure according to the present invention.
Geeignete Epoxydharze sind vor allem solche, die durch Umsetzung von mehrwertigen Phenolen, insbesondere Diphenylolalkanen, wie 4,4-Diphenylolmethan und/oder -propan mitSuitable epoxy resins are, above all, those obtained by reacting polyhydric phenols, in particular diphenylolalkanes, such as 4,4-diphenylolmethane and / or propane
Epihalogenhydrinen, insbesondere Epichlorhydrin erhalten werden. In Betracht kommen vor allem die niedrig- und mittelmolekularen Produkte. Diese werden zweckmäßig, ebenso wie höhermolekulare Produkte in geeigneten Lösungsmitteln wie Äthylenglykolmonoäthyl- bzw. -monobutylätheracetat, Butylacetat, Ketonen wie Aceton, Methyläthylketon, Methylisobutylketon, Diisobutylketon und/oder Vinylisobutylketon gelöst. Bei Verwendung von Vinylisobutylketon lassen sich in einzelnen Fällen Spezialeffekte dadurch erzielen, daß die Doppelbindung durch Polymerisationsreaktionen in das System eingebaut wird, was vor allem bei der Kombination von Epoxydharzen mit Polyestern bzw. Acrylharzen von Interesse sein kann.Epihalohydrins, especially epichlorohydrin can be obtained. Above all, the low and medium molecular weight products come into consideration. These are expediently dissolved, as are higher molecular weight products, in suitable solvents such as ethylene glycol monoethyl or monobutyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone and / or vinyl isobutyl ketone. If vinyl isobutyl ketone is used, special effects can be achieved in individual cases by incorporating the double bond into the system by means of polymerization reactions, which can be of particular interest when combining epoxy resins with polyesters or acrylic resins.
Trimellithsäurehaltige Polycarbonsäuregemische (Komponente B) sind solche, die Verbindungen der Formeln (I) bis (III) (siehe Formelblatt) enthalten. In den Formeln (I) bis (III) sindTrimellitic acid-containing polycarboxylic acid mixtures (component B) are those which contain compounds of the formulas (I) to (III) (see formula sheet). In formulas (I) to (III) are
R, R' und R" gleich oder verschieden und 2- bis 6-wertige, vorzugsweise 2-wertige gradkettige oder verzweigte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit insgesamt 1 bis 12, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 C-Atomen, die gegebenenfalls bis zu zwei olefinische Doppelbindungen aufweisen oder durch bis zu drei Ätherbrücken unterbrochen sind,
- x und y eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 6,
- t eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5 und
- z und u Null oder eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5,
wobei in den hier nur linear, d. h. für zweiwertige Reste R, R' und R" wiedergegebenen Formeln außer bei den Resten R'R, R 'and R "the same or different and 2- to 6-valent, preferably 2-valent straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons with a total of 1 to 12, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have up to two olefinic double bonds or through up to three ether bridges are broken,
- x and y are an integer from 2 to 6,
- t is an integer from 1 to 5 and
- z and u are zero or an integer from 1 to 5,
where in the formulas given here only linearly, ie for divalent radicals R, R 'and R ", except for the radicals R'
und R" auch bei dem Rest R Verzweigungen vorliegen können. Derartige verzweigte Polycarbonsäuren lassen sich durch eine einzige Formel nicht ohne weiteres darstellen. Wenn aufgrund der möglichen höheren Wertigkeit als 2 von R, R' und R" die Verbindungen (I) bis (III) verzweigt sind, können in den verschiedenen Zweigen die Indices x, y und z gleich oder verschieden sein. Verbindungen der Formel (I) sind z. B. mehere Estergruppen aufweisende Ester der Trimellithsäure mit mehrwertigen, biespielsweise 2- bis 6-wertigen gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkoholen mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen, einschließlich solchen mit bis zu 3 Äthergruppen. Geeignete Alkohole für die Herstellung dieser Verbindungen sind z. B. die bereits oben genannten Diole, sowie deren höhere Homologe bzw. ihre ungesättigten Analogen, z. B. Butendiole, ferner weitere Oligomere des Äthylenglykols, sowie die oben genannten höherwertigen Alkohole, wobei die Diole bevorzugt sind.and R "may also be branched in the radical R. Such branched polycarboxylic acids cannot easily be represented by a single formula. If, owing to the possible higher valence than 2 of R, R 'and R", the compounds (I) to (III ) are branched, the indices x, y and z can be the same or different in the different branches. Compounds of formula (I) are e.g. B. esters of trimellitic acid having multiple ester groups with polyhydric, for example 2- to 6-valent, saturated or unsaturated alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, including those having up to 3 ether groups. Suitable alcohols for the preparation of these compounds are e.g. B. the diols already mentioned, and their higher homologs or their unsaturated analogs, for. B. butenediols, further oligomers of ethylene glycol, and the above-mentioned higher alcohols, the diols being preferred.
Geeignete Verbindungen der Formeln (I), (11) und (111) sind beispielsweise solche, in denen R, R' und R" vorzugsweise zweiwertig sind, aber je nach der Struktur und Wertigkeit des Ausgangsalkohols auch verzweigt sein können. In Formeln (11) und (111) sind R, R' und R" gleich oder verschieden und haben die oben für R angegebene Bedeutung.Suitable compounds of the formulas (I), (11) and (111) are, for example, those in which R, R 'and R "are preferably divalent, but can also be branched, depending on the structure and valency of the starting alcohol. In formulas (11 ) and (111) R, R 'and R "are the same or different and have the meaning given for R above.
Typische Reste R, R' und R" sind z. B. ―(CH2)n―, worin n = 2 bis 10 ist ―CH2―CH―, CH3 ―CH2―CH=CH―CH2―, ―CH2―CH2―O―CH2―CH2―, ―CH2―CH―CH2―, ferner solche der Formeln (IV) (siehe Formelblatt). Typical radicals R, R 'and R "are, for example - (CH 2 ) n -, where n = 2 to 10 ―CH 2 ―CH―, C H 3 ―CH 2 ―CH = CH ― CH 2 - , ―CH 2 ―CH 2 ―O ― CH 2 ―CH 2 -, ―CH 2 ―CH ― CH 2 -, as well as those of the formulas (IV) (see form sheet ) .
Die Verbindungen der Formel (11) sind also, wenn x = 2 ist, Diestertetracarbonsäuren und, wenn x = 3 ist, Triesterhexacarbonsäuren. Die Verbindungen der Formel (111) stellen beispielsweise oligomere Polycarbonsäuren mit mehreren Estergruppen dar.The compounds of the formula (11) are therefore if x = 2, diester tetracarboxylic acids and, if x = 3, triesterhexacarboxylic acids. The compounds of formula (III) are, for example, oligomeric polycarboxylic acids with several ester groups.
Die Verbindungen der Formeln (I) bis (III) lassen sich z. B. durch Hydrolyse eines Anhydridgruppen enthaltenden Gemisches, wie es bei der Umsetzung von Trimellithsäureanhydrid mit den entsprechenden zwei- und/oder höherwertigen Alkoholen in an sich bekannter Weise erhalten wird, herstellen. Dies kann mit oder ohne Lösungsmittel erfolgen. Wird in Gegenwart eines Lösungsmittels hydrolysiert, so kann nach man durch vorsichtiges Abdestillieren, gegebenenfalls unter vermindertem Druck, auch lösungsmittelfreie Polycarbonsäuregemische erhalten. In vielen Fällen ist es aber möglich, ein Lösungsmittelgemisch so zu wählen, daß man für die Weiterverarbeitung geeignete Polycarbonsäurelösungen erhält. Besonders einfach gestaltet sich die Hydrolyse, wenn zu einer Schmelze oder einer Lösung eines Anhydridgemisches bei erhöhter Temperatur die für die Hydrolyse erforderliche Wassermenge zugegeben wird. Zur Vervollständigung der Hydrolyse wird noch einige Zeit bei dieser Temperatur nachgerührt.The compounds of formulas (I) to (III) can, for. B. by hydrolysis of a mixture containing anhydride groups, as is obtained in the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with the corresponding di- and / or higher alcohols in a manner known per se. This can be done with or without a solvent. If hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a solvent, solvent-free polycarboxylic acid mixtures can also be obtained by careful distillation, if appropriate under reduced pressure. In many cases, however, it is possible to choose a solvent mixture so that suitable polycarboxylic acid solutions are obtained for further processing. Hydrolysis is particularly simple if the amount of water required for the hydrolysis is added to a melt or a solution of an anhydride mixture at elevated temperature. To complete the hydrolysis, stirring is continued for a while at this temperature.
Geeignete Lösungsmittel sind beispielsweise die bei den Epoxydharzen genannten oder Mischungen daraus, z. B. aus Äthylenglykolmonobutylätheracetat und Xylol, z. B. im Verhältnis 1 : 1 bis 1 : 3.Suitable solvents are, for example, those mentioned in the case of the epoxy resins or mixtures thereof, e.g. B. from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and xylene, for. B. in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 3.
Zur Charakterisierung der Anhydridgruppen enthaltenden Gemische eignet sich insbesondere die Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie (GPC) an mit Divinylbenzol vernetztem Polystyrolgel als Sorptionsmittel und mit Tetrahydrofuran als Elutionsmittel. Mit dieser Methode gelingt es, die Anhydridgemische in ihren Einzelkomponenten genau zu bestimmten, so daß der jeweilige Anteil der einzelnen Komponenten leicht und genau eingestellt werden kann. So lassen sich die Verbindungen der Formeln (I) bis (111) nach ihrer Struktur und Menge genau erfassen.The characterization of the mixtures containing anhydride groups is particularly suitable for Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on polystyrene gel crosslinked with divinylbenzene as sorbent and with tetrahydrofuran as eluent. With this method it is possible to precisely determine the anhydride mixtures in their individual components, so that the respective proportion of the individual components can be adjusted easily and precisely. In this way, the compounds of the formulas (I) to (111) can be determined precisely according to their structure and amount.
Zweckmäßig beträgt in der Komponente B) der Gehalt an Verbindungen der Formeln (I) bis (lll) 70 bis 99,8, vorzugsweise 80 bis 95 Gew.-% und derjenige an Trimellithsäure 0,1 bis 30, vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 Gew.-%.The component B) expediently contains from 70 to 99.8, preferably from 80 to 95,% by weight of compounds of the formulas (I) to (III) and from 0.1 to 30, preferably from 5 to 20,% by weight of trimellitic acid. -%.
Der Gehalt an oligomeren Polycarbonsäuren (Formel (III)) innerhalb des Gemisches der Verbindungen der Formeln (I) bis (111) kann zwischen 0,1 und 99,8, vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 70 % liegen. Außerdem können die Polycarbonsäurehärter aus Mischungen von Einzelkomponenten mit unterschiedlichen Resten R, R' und R" und Indices x, y, z, t und u bestehen.The content of oligomeric polycarboxylic acids (formula (III)) within the mixture of the compounds of the formulas (I) to (111) can be between 0.1 and 99.8, preferably between 30 and 70%. In addition, the polycarboxylic acid hardeners can consist of mixtures of individual components with different radicals R, R 'and R "and indices x, y, z, t and u.
Sehr wichtig ist das Mischungsverhältnis von Komponente A) zur Komponente B), dem Polycarbonsäuregemisch. Ein zu hoher Anteil an Polycarbonsäure führt zu sehr harten und spröden Filmen. Wird die Komponente B) in zu geringen Mengen eingesetzt, ist die Durchhärtung und damit die Filmeigenschaften mangelhaft. Im allgemeinen hat sich ein Festkörperverhältnis der Komponenten A) zu B) von 50:50 bis 90:10, vorzugsweise 60:40 bis 85:15, im speziellen jedoch 65:35 bis 75:25, bewährt.The mixing ratio of component A) to component B), the polycarboxylic acid mixture, is very important. Too high a proportion of polycarboxylic acid leads to very hard and brittle films. If component B) is used in too small amounts, the hardening and thus the film properties are poor. In general, a solids ratio of components A) to B) of 50:50 to 90:10, preferably 60:40 to 85:15, but in particular 65:35 to 75:25, has proven successful.
Die Einbrennbedingungen sowohl bei der Füller-Lackierung als auch bei der ET-Grundierung lassen sich in einem weiten Bereich variieren. Filme mit guten Eigenschaften und hervorragender Überlappung der Grenzzone durch die ET-Grundierung erhält man bei folgenden Einbrennbedingungen : 1 bis 60 Minuten bei Temperaturen von 80 bis 300 °C, vorzugsweise 8 bis 40 Minuten bei 100 bis 170 °C, insbesondere 15 bis 25 Minuten bei 115 bis 140 °C. Durch Variation der Einbrenntemperatur und Zeit läßt sich die Breite der Überlappungszone den technischen Erfordernissen anpassen.The baking conditions for both the filler coating and the ET primer can be varied within a wide range. Films with good properties and excellent overlap of the border zone through the ET primer are obtained under the following baking conditions: 1 to 60 minutes at temperatures from 80 to 300 ° C, preferably 8 to 40 minutes at 100 to 170 ° C, in particular 15 to 25 minutes at 115 to 140 ° C. The width of the overlap zone can be adapted to the technical requirements by varying the baking temperature and time.
Ein Vorteil bei der Verwendung des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Füllers liegt darin, daß er schon unter milden Einbrennbedingungen, z. B. 40 Minuten bei 100 °C bis 8 Minuten bei 150 °C, vorzugsweise 20 Minuten bei 120 °C, einen wasserfesten Film bildet und dadurch die nachfolgende ET-Beschichtung möglich macht.An advantage of using the filler used according to the invention is that it can be used even under mild baking conditions, e.g. B. 40 minutes at 100 ° C to 8 minutes at 150 ° C, preferably 20 minutes at 120 ° C, forms a waterproof film and thereby makes the subsequent ET coating possible.
Die endgültige Vernetzung findet zusammen mit der Aushärtung der ET-Grundierung statt. Dabei resultieren Filme von hervorragender Härte, sehr guter Haftfestigkeit, Schlagfestigkeit und Elastizität. Sehr bemerkenswert ist, daß die guten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Füllers auch beim Überbrennen erhalten bleiben.The final crosslinking takes place together with the curing of the ET primer. This results in films of excellent hardness, very good adhesive strength, impact resistance and elasticity. It is very remarkable that the good mechanical properties of the filler are retained even when overburning.
Die Breite der Überlappung von ET-Grundierung und Füller beträgt im allgemeinen 2 bis 150 mm und kann durch Variation der Einbrennbedingungen und der Schichtdicke des Füllers den technischen Anforderungen entsprechend gesteuert werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist darin zu sehen, daß die Gesamtschichtdicke in der Überlappungszone immer größer ist als die der ET-Grundierung. Sie bildet sich additiv aus der Schichtdicke des an dieser Stelle vorhandenen Füllers und der aufgebrachten Elektrotauchlackierung. Diese größere Schichtdicke ist deshalb besonders wichtig, weil gerade in der Randzone der beiden Lacksysteme verstärkt Korrosion eintreten kann. Wie sich im Salzsprühtest nach SS DIN 50 021 bzw. Salzsprühnebeltest nach DIN 53 167 gezeigt hat, ist die Korrosionsbeständigkeit in der Überlappungszone genau so hervorragend wie in der Fläche der ET-Grundierung bzw. des Füllers. Mithin ist es nach diesem Verfahren möglich, eine Lackschicht einzusparen, ohne eine Verminderung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Substrates und der übrigen lacktechnischen Eigenschaften in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Die Verwendung der Epoxydharze bringt zusätzliche Vorteile mit sich, insbesondere in Bezug auf die chemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie Verseifungsbeständigkeit, Schlagfestigkeit, Haftfestigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit.The width of the overlap of ET primer and filler is generally 2 to 150 mm and can be controlled according to the technical requirements by varying the stoving conditions and the layer thickness of the filler. Another advantage is that the total layer thickness in the overlap zone is always greater than that of the ET primer. It is formed additively from the layer thickness of the filler present at this point and the electro-dip coating applied. This greater layer thickness is particularly important because corrosion can particularly occur in the edge zone of the two coating systems. As has been shown in the salt spray test according to SS DIN 50 021 or salt spray test according to DIN 53 167, the corrosion resistance in the overlap zone is just as excellent as in the surface of the ET primer or filler. It is therefore possible with this method to save one coat of paint without having to accept a reduction in the corrosion resistance of the substrate and the other paint properties. The use of the epoxy resins brings additional advantages, in particular with regard to the chemical and mechanical properties, such as resistance to saponification, impact resistance, adhesive strength and corrosion resistance.
In welcher Form die ET-Grundierung aufgebracht wird, ist für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unerheblich. Es können alle heute üblichen ET-Verfahren angewendet werden, z. B. auch anaphoretische Verfahren so wie die Kata- und Autophorese.The form in which the ET primer is applied is irrelevant to the method according to the invention. All ET methods common today can be used, e.g. B. also anaphoretic procedures such as catata and autophoresis.
Sowohl der Füller als auch die bei der ET-Grundierung eingesetzten Mischungen können auch übliche Zusätze wie Farbstoffe, Pigmente, Füllstoffe, Weichmacher, Stabilisatoren, Netzmittel, Dispergierhilfsmittel, Verlaufmittel und Katalysatoren in den üblichen Mengen enthalten. Diese Substanzen können den Einzelkomponenten und/oder der Gesamtmischung zugesetzt werden.Both the filler and the mixtures used in the ET primer can also contain customary additives such as dyes, pigments, fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, leveling agents and catalysts. These substances can be added to the individual components and / or the overall mixture.
Als Farbstoffe bzw. Pigmente, die anorganischer oder organischer Natur sein könner, werden beispielsweise genannt : Titandioxyd, Graphit, Ruß, Zinkchromat, Strontiumchromat, Bariumchromat, Bleichromat, Bleicyanamid, Bleisilikochromat, Calciummolybdat, Manganphosphat, Zinkoxyd, Cadmiumsulfid, Chromoxyd, Zinksulfid, Nickeltitangelb, Chromtitaugelb, Eisenoxydrot, Eisenoxydschwarz, Ultramarinblau, Phthalocyaninkomplexe, Naptholrot oder dergleichen.Examples of dyes or pigments which can be of an inorganic or organic nature are: titanium dioxide, graphite, carbon black, zinc chromate, strontium chromate, barium chromate, lead chromate, lead cyanamide, lead silicate chromate, calcium molybdate, manganese phosphate, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide Chromium titanium yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide black, ultramarine blue, phthalocyanine complexes, naphthol red or the like.
Geeignete Füllstoffe sind z. B. Talkum, Glimmer, Kaolin, Kreide, Quarzmehl, Asbestmehl, Schiefermehl, Bariumsulfat, verschiedene Kieselsäuren, Silikate, Glasfasern, organische Fasern oder dergleichen.Suitable fillers are e.g. B. talc, mica, kaolin, chalk, quartz flour, asbestos flour, slate flour, barium sulfate, various silicas, silicates, glass fibers, organic fibers or the like.
Für die Füller werden die üblichen Lösungsmittel verwendet, beispielsweise aliphatische und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, ein- und mehrwertige Alkohole, Äther, Ester, Glykoläther sowie deren Ester, Ketone, Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe, Terpenderivate, wie Toluol, Xylol, Butanol, Äthyl- und Butylacetat, Äthylenglykolmonoäthyl- oder butyläther sowie deren Acetate, Äthylenglykoldimethyläther, Diathylenglykoldimethyläther, Cyclohexanon, Methyläthylketon, Aceton, Isophoron oder Mischungen davon.The customary solvents are used for the fillers, for example aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, ethers, esters, glycol ethers and their esters, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, terpene derivatives such as toluene, xylene, butanol, ethyl and butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl or butyl ether and their acetates, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diathy Lenglykoldimethyläther, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, isophorone or mixtures thereof.
Die Schichtdicken der einzelnen Lacküberzüge betragen bei dem Füller 20 bis 70, vorzugsweise 30 bis 50 µm, während die ET-Grundierung Stärken von 10 bis 40, vorzugsweise 15 bis 25 jim aufweist.The layer thicknesses of the individual lacquer coatings are 20 to 70, preferably 30 to 50 μm in the case of the filler, while the ET primer has thicknesses of 10 to 40, preferably 15 to 25 μm.
Die in den nachfolgenden Beispielen angeführten Symbole T bedeuten Gewichtsteile und % Gewichtsprozent.The symbols T given in the examples below mean parts by weight and% by weight.
- 1) Ein handelsübliches hydroxylgruppenhaltiges Epoxydharz auf der Basis von Bisphenol A) und Epichlorhydrin (in 60 %iger Lösung in Äthylenglykolmonoäthyläther, Epoxydäquivalentgewicht 800 bis 1 100, Epoxyd-Wert 0,09 bis 0,12, Erweichungspunkt nach Durrans 90 bis 110°C) wird mit einem Polycarbonsäuregemisch (60 %ig in Athylglykolacetat (Essigsäureester des Athylenglykolmonoäthyl- äthers), Säurezahl in Wasser 240, auf Basis von 44,7 Trimellithsäureanhydrid, 9,2 T Propylenglykol, 3,0 T Trimethylolpropan und 2,6 T eines nichtionogenen Netzmittels auf Basis von Nonylpolyglykoläther) in einem Verhältnis von 70 : 30 (berechnet auf Festharz) gemischt. 55,6 T dieser Mischung werden mit 16,7 T Titandioxyd, 16,7 T Bariumsulfat, 0,1 T Gasruß, 0,5 T Kieselsäure und 0,1 T eines Verlaufmittels auf Basis Polyacrylat, sowie 10,4 T eines Lösungsmittelgemisches aus Äthylenglykolmonobutyläther und Äthylglykolacetat (im Verhältnis 60 : 40) zu einem Lack verarbeitet. Durch Zugabe von Butylacetat wird dieser Lack auf eine zum Spritzen geeignete Auslaufzeit (DIN 53 211) von 20 bis 30 Sekunden bei 20 °C verdünnt und auf eine Hälfte eines phosphatierten Stahlbleches so aufgesprüht, daß eine Trockenfilmstärke von 40 µm erzielt wird. Die aufgetragene Schicht wird 17 Minuten bei 130 °C eingebrannt. Anschließend wird das Stahlblech einer Elektrotauch-Grundierung (ET-Grundierung) unter Verwendung eines Lackes folgender Zusammensetzung unterworfen : 75,9 T eines mit einem Polybutadien-Maleinsäure-Addukt plastifizierten Phenolharzes (70 %ig in Glykoläthern), 12,4 T Titandioxyd, 11,5 T Aluminiumsilikat und 0,3 T Gasruß. Diese Mischung wird mit 6,7 T wäßrigem Ammoniak (10 %ig) und 430 T deionisiertem Wasser zu einem Bad mit ca. 14 % Feststoffanteil eingestellt. Die ET-Beschichtung wird bei 25 bis 30 °C und 200 bis 300 Volt in 90 bis 120 Sekunden vorgenommen. Schichtstärke 20 µm. Die aufgetragenen Lackschichten werden 30 Minuten bei 180 °C eingebrannt. Die erzielten Ergebnisse können der nachfolgenden Tabelle entnommen werden.1) A commercially available epoxy resin containing hydroxyl groups based on bisphenol A) and epichlorohydrin (in 60% solution in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, epoxy equivalent weight 800 to 1,100, epoxy value 0.09 to 0.12, softening point according to Durrans 90 to 110 ° C) is with a polycarboxylic acid mixture (60% in ethyl glycol acetate (acetic acid ester of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), acid number in water 240, based on 44.7 trimellitic anhydride, 9.2 T propylene glycol, 3.0 T trimethylol propane and 2.6 T of a nonionic wetting agent based on nonyl polyglycol ether) in a ratio of 70:30 (calculated on solid resin). 55.6 T of this mixture are made up with 16.7 T titanium dioxide, 16.7 T barium sulfate, 0.1 T gas black, 0.5 T silica and 0.1 T of a leveling agent based on polyacrylate, and 10.4 T of a solvent mixture Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethyl glycol acetate (in a ratio of 60:40) processed into a varnish. By adding butyl acetate, this lacquer is diluted to a spraying time (DIN 53 211) of 20 to 30 seconds at 20 ° C and sprayed onto half of a phosphated steel sheet so that a dry film thickness of 40 µm is achieved. The applied layer is baked at 130 ° C for 17 minutes. The steel sheet is then subjected to an electro-dip primer (ET primer) using a varnish of the following composition: 75.9 parts of a phenolic resin plasticized with a polybutadiene-maleic acid adduct (70% in glycol ethers), 12.4 parts of titanium dioxide, 11 , 5 T aluminum silicate and 0.3 T gas black. This mixture is adjusted with 6.7 T aqueous ammonia (10%) and 430 T deionized water to a bath with about 14% solids. The ET coating is carried out at 25 to 30 ° C and 200 to 300 volts in 90 to 120 seconds. Layer thickness 20 µm. The applied layers of paint are baked at 180 ° C for 30 minutes. The results obtained can be seen in the table below.
- 2) Beispiel 1 wird wiederholt mit dem Unterschied, daß als hydroxylgruppenhaltige Komponente A) ein handelsübliches wärmehärtbares Acrylharz (in 65 %iger Lösung) in einer Fraktion nichtreaktiver aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe vom Siedebereich 135 bis 145 °C und n-Butylalkohol im Verhältnis 3 : 1, dynamische Viskosität (50 %ig in Xylol) 750 bis 1 500 mPa.s/20 °C, Säurezahl 20) eingesetzt wird. Das Acrylharz wurde im wesentlichen aus Methylmethacrylat, Butylmethacrylat, Äthylhexylacrylat und Hydroxyäthylmethacrylat hergestellt und hatte eine theoretische OH-Zahl von 82 und eine Säurezahl von 10 bis 15.2) Example 1 is repeated with the difference that, as component A) containing hydroxyl groups, a commercially available thermosetting acrylic resin (in 65% solution) in a fraction of non-reactive aromatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 135 to 145 ° C. and n-butyl alcohol in a ratio of 3: 1, dynamic viscosity (50% in xylene) 750 to 1,500 mPa.s / 20 ° C, acid number 20) is used. The acrylic resin was essentially produced from methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate and had a theoretical OH number of 82 and an acid number of 10 to 15.
Beispiel 1 wird wiederholt mit dem Unterschied, daß als Härterkomponente ein mit Methanol veräthertes Melaminharz (75 %ig in Isobutanol, Molverhältnis Melamin zu Formaldehyd = 1 : 6, veräthert mit 4 Mol Methylalkohol, dynamische Viskosität 3000 bis 9000 mPa.s/20 °C, Säurezahl < 1) eingesetzt wird.Example 1 is repeated with the difference that a melamine resin etherified with methanol (75% in isobutanol, molar ratio of melamine to formaldehyde = 1: 6, etherified with 4 mol of methyl alcohol, dynamic viscosity 3000 to 9000 mPa.s / 20 ° C. as the hardener component , Acid number <1) is used.
In einem weiteren Versuch werden noch die Einbrennbedingungen der Füllerbeschichtung auf 17 Minuten bei 90 °C variiert.In a further test, the stoving conditions of the filler coating are varied to 17 minutes at 90 ° C.
Zum Vergleich wird auch eine Komposition nach dem Stand der Technik hergestellt, indem Beispiel 1 mit dem Unterschied wiederhold wird, daß als hydroxylgruppenhaltige Harzkomponente eine Mischung eines mittelöligen Ricinenalkydharzes (60 % in Xylol mit einem Gehalt von ca. 37 Gew.-% an Phthalsäureanhydrid, dynamische Viskosität (50 %ig in Xylol) 300 bis 450 mPa.s/20 °C, Säurezahl < 35) und einem Epoxydharz auf Basis Bisphenol A - Epichlorhydrin (75 %ig in Xylol, Epoxyd-Äquivalent 450 bis 525, Erweichungspunkt 65 bis 75 °C, dynamische Viskosität 5700 bis 14000 mPa.s/20 °C) und als Härterkomponente ein butyliertes Harnstoff-Formaldehydharz (60 %ig in Isobutanol, Molverhältnis Harnstoff/Formaldehyd = 1 : 2,15, veräthert mit 0,85 Mol Isobutanol, dynamische Viskosität 500 bis 800 mPa.s/20 °C, Säurezahl < 3) eingesetzt wird.For comparison, a composition according to the prior art is also produced by repeating Example 1 with the difference that the resin component containing hydroxyl groups is a mixture of a medium-oil ricinenalkyd resin (60% in xylene with a content of approx. 37% by weight of phthalic anhydride, dynamic viscosity (50% in xylene) 300 to 450 mPa.s / 20 ° C, acid number <35) and an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A - epichlorohydrin (75% in xylene, epoxy equivalent 450 to 525, softening point 65 to 75 ° C, dynamic viscosity 5700 to 14000 mPa.s / 20 ° C) and a butylated urea-formaldehyde resin (60% in isobutanol, molar ratio urea / formaldehyde = 1: 2.15, etherified with 0.85 mol isobutanol) as hardener component , dynamic viscosity 500 to 800 mPa.s / 20 ° C, acid number <3) is used.
In einem weiteren Versuch werden noch die Einbrennbedingungen bei der Füllerlackierung auf 17 Minuten bei 80 °C variiert.In a further experiment, the stoving conditions for the filler coating are varied to 17 minutes at 80 ° C.
Claims (5)
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DE3002982 | 1980-01-29 | ||
DE19803002982 DE3002982C2 (en) | 1978-08-14 | 1980-01-29 | Process for the production of a surface coating from a curable multi-component system |
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EP0033140A1 EP0033140A1 (en) | 1981-08-05 |
EP0033140B1 true EP0033140B1 (en) | 1984-07-25 |
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EP81100482A Expired EP0033140B1 (en) | 1980-01-29 | 1981-01-23 | Process for producing a surface coating of a hardenable multicomponent system |
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DE3425435A1 (en) * | 1984-07-11 | 1986-01-23 | Schmalbach-Lubeca AG, 3300 Braunschweig | METHOD FOR DECORATING AND CORROSION-PREVENTING LACQUERING OF METALLIC CAN HULLS |
DE3517796A1 (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-20 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICALLY INSULATING BASE MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONTACTED CIRCUIT BOARDS |
DE19524198C1 (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1997-03-13 | Daimler Benz Ag | Painted sheet metal component, in particular vehicle body, with a corrosion-protective adhesive layer based on polyacids and method for applying such an adhesive layer |
DE19650478A1 (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 1998-06-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Lacquered metallic substrate with a corrosion-protective adhesive layer based on polyacids and process for applying the adhesive layer |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2334727A1 (en) * | 1975-12-13 | 1977-07-08 | Hoechst Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MIXTURES OF PULVERULENT AND VERY REACTIVE RESINS |
EP0008125A2 (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-20 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacture of corrosion-resistant coatings |
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GB1390508A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1975-04-16 | Pressed Steel Fisher Ltd | Priming vehicle bodies |
DE2213862A1 (en) * | 1972-03-22 | 1973-10-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Corrosion protection of metals esp steel - by combined electrostatic powder lacquering and electro-immersion lacquering |
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1981
- 1981-01-23 EP EP81100482A patent/EP0033140B1/en not_active Expired
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2334727A1 (en) * | 1975-12-13 | 1977-07-08 | Hoechst Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MIXTURES OF PULVERULENT AND VERY REACTIVE RESINS |
EP0008125A2 (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-20 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacture of corrosion-resistant coatings |
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