EP0032775A1 - Furnace, especially a ceramic or heating furnace - Google Patents

Furnace, especially a ceramic or heating furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0032775A1
EP0032775A1 EP81200061A EP81200061A EP0032775A1 EP 0032775 A1 EP0032775 A1 EP 0032775A1 EP 81200061 A EP81200061 A EP 81200061A EP 81200061 A EP81200061 A EP 81200061A EP 0032775 A1 EP0032775 A1 EP 0032775A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
pins
jacket
cap
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81200061A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0032775B1 (en
Inventor
Theodor Johann Sevink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81200061T priority Critical patent/ATE14478T1/en
Publication of EP0032775A1 publication Critical patent/EP0032775A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0032775B1 publication Critical patent/EP0032775B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B11/00—Bell-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0036—Linings or walls comprising means for supporting electric resistances in the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0059—Construction elements of a furnace
    • F27D2001/0066—Movable or removable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a furnace, particularly a ceramic or heating furnace, consisting of a casing, the jacket and bottom of which are coated with a heat-insulating material and the open top is adapted to be closed with a cap, which is also coated with heat-insulating material, and heating means being provided.
  • a furnace is generally known.
  • a disadvantage of the known furnace is that after the termination of the burning process the cap has to be left open for some time before the, then cooled, products can be taken from the furnace and the furnace can be loaded again, so that there is a loss in time and heat.
  • the bottom of the casing is formed by a bottom plate construction on which the jacket of the casing rests removably, and the cap is secured to the jacket by means of disengageable connection means.
  • the bottom plate construction does advantageously comprise a lower layer of concrete or a similar material on which, while leaving the outer portions of the top surface uncovered, the insulating material is provided, whereas the lower side of the jacket of the casing rests on said outer portions under intermediary of a layer of sealing insulating material, whereby the heat insulating material with which the bottom plate is coated, is connected by means of a scalariform joint to the heat-insulating material with which the jacket is coated.
  • the heat-insulating material is preferably formed by layers of a felt material.
  • the jacket and cap have a considerably small weight relative to the known furnace which is coated with ceramic material, so that said portions can be lifted easily.
  • the walls of the jacket are coated with a pile of horizontally deposed layers of the felt material, whereas at certain places between two of said layers a strip of ceramic material is clamped, which is provided with pins from which the electric resistance elements are suspended.
  • the above mentioned strips can be formed according to two mutually different embodiments.
  • the first embodiment is characterized by the feature that the pins consist of inwardly, freely protruding hooks.
  • the pins of the strip are provided between two layers of heat-insulating material, and that the pins are provided with a protrusion to keep the resistance elements spaced from the layers.
  • the pins may have a lens-shape when considered in cross-section and, starting at the protrusion, they may have a T-shaped cross-section. Thereby the lowest possible heat transfer by conduction is achieved.
  • burners When using burners to heat the furnace said burners may advantageously be provided in the cap.
  • the cap with the valuable burners and pertaining protection means can be placed on another jacket which is already loaded. In this way the valuable apparatus can be used continuously and the furnace is not useless during the cooling period. If the burnt or heated products do not permit the furnace to be suddenly and completely opened, then a simple intermediate cap may be provided which remains on the furnace when the main cap and the burners are removed.
  • the burners and protection means are mounted on a displaceable frame and to remove only this frame and to place it on a successive furnace if a quick cooling action is not desired.
  • bell-furnace which is composed of a bell-shaped section which rests on a bottom and can be lifted as a whole from said bottom. In this type of furnace the load cannot cool equally after being burnt.
  • the furnace comprises a jacket 1, which rests disengageable on a bottom plate construction 2, whereas the jacket is closed at its top by means of a cap 3 which is removably secured on the jacket by means of latches 4.
  • the bottom plate construction 2 comprises a frame which is formed by angle-irons 5 in which the steel plate 6 is placed. On the plate 6 a layer of concrete 7 is provided, in which the uprights 8 are received. On the plate of concrete 7 layers 9 of felt material are provided, whereas on the uprights 8 a plate 10 rests, are formed by burners, characterized in that the burners are provided in the cap.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The problem that the constructor of an electrically heated felt furnace has to place thousands of little pins (15) for suspending the resistance elements (16) between the felt layer, is overcome by providing strips (14)having a great number of these pins or hooks. One can either put the strip itself or his pins between the felt layers.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a furnace, particularly a ceramic or heating furnace, consisting of a casing, the jacket and bottom of which are coated with a heat-insulating material and the open top is adapted to be closed with a cap, which is also coated with heat-insulating material, and heating means being provided. Such a furnace is generally known.
  • A disadvantage of the known furnace is that after the termination of the burning process the cap has to be left open for some time before the, then cooled, products can be taken from the furnace and the furnace can be loaded again, so that there is a loss in time and heat.
  • It is the object of the present invention to provide a furnace of the above mentioned type, which does not have said disadvantage.
  • This object is achieved in that in the furnace according to the invention the bottom of the casing is formed by a bottom plate construction on which the jacket of the casing rests removably, and the cap is secured to the jacket by means of disengageable connection means.
  • In this way it is possible after the termination of the burning process to lift the jacket with closed cap from the bottom plate and to place it on another bottom plate, after which a next burning process can be started immediately, whereas the product on the first bottom plate can cool. If, however, the products as achieved do not permit such a rather unequal cooling, then it is possible first to remove the cap and to leave the furnace open for some time, before placing the jacket with cap on another bottom plate.
  • The bottom plate construction does advantageously comprise a lower layer of concrete or a similar material on which, while leaving the outer portions of the top surface uncovered, the insulating material is provided, whereas the lower side of the jacket of the casing rests on said outer portions under intermediary of a layer of sealing insulating material, whereby the heat insulating material with which the bottom plate is coated, is connected by means of a scalariform joint to the heat-insulating material with which the jacket is coated.
  • The heat-insulating material is preferably formed by layers of a felt material. In this way the jacket and cap have a considerably small weight relative to the known furnace which is coated with ceramic material, so that said portions can be lifted easily.
  • When using felt material for the heat-insulating material of the bottom plate construction uprights are secured in the layer of concrete, which uprights extend through the felt layers, as provided on the layer of concrete, and carry at their tops a load- supporting plate of ceramic material.
  • When using electric resistance elements to heat the furnace the walls of the jacket are coated with a pile of horizontally deposed layers of the felt material, whereas at certain places between two of said layers a strip of ceramic material is clamped, which is provided with pins from which the electric resistance elements are suspended.
  • Because of what is mentioned above it is no longer necessary for a constructor of furnaces to provide numerous little pins separately. Furthermore there is practically no contact between the elements and the furnace wall, so that there is no direct heat-flow to said wall, so that the furnace is more economic and it is possible to let the burning process take place up to a higher temperature.
  • The above mentioned strips can be formed according to two mutually different embodiments. The first embodiment is characterized by the feature that the pins consist of inwardly, freely protruding hooks.
  • It is also possible, however, that the pins of the strip are provided between two layers of heat-insulating material, and that the pins are provided with a protrusion to keep the resistance elements spaced from the layers. The pins may have a lens-shape when considered in cross-section and, starting at the protrusion, they may have a T-shaped cross-section. Thereby the lowest possible heat transfer by conduction is achieved.
  • When using burners to heat the furnace said burners may advantageously be provided in the cap. Thus after termination of the burning process the cap with the valuable burners and pertaining protection means can be placed on another jacket which is already loaded. In this way the valuable apparatus can be used continuously and the furnace is not useless during the cooling period. If the burnt or heated products do not permit the furnace to be suddenly and completely opened, then a simple intermediate cap may be provided which remains on the furnace when the main cap and the burners are removed.
  • It is also possible that the burners and protection means are mounted on a displaceable frame and to remove only this frame and to place it on a successive furnace if a quick cooling action is not desired.
  • It is remarked that a so-called bell-furnace is known which is composed of a bell-shaped section which rests on a bottom and can be lifted as a whole from said bottom. In this type of furnace the load cannot cool equally after being burnt.
  • The invention is further described on the basis of the drawing, in which
    • fig. 1 is a cross-section through a part of the furnace according to the invention;
    • fig. 2 is a perspective view, in which the way of securing the electric resistance elements is shown;
    • fig. 3 is a plane view of a second embodiment of a strip, and
    • fig. 4 is a cross-section according to the line IV-IV of fig. 3.
  • As shown in fig. 1 the furnace comprises a jacket 1, which rests disengageable on a bottom plate construction 2, whereas the jacket is closed at its top by means of a cap 3 which is removably secured on the jacket by means of latches 4.
  • The bottom plate construction 2 comprises a frame which is formed by angle-irons 5 in which the steel plate 6 is placed. On the plate 6 a layer of concrete 7 is provided, in which the uprights 8 are received. On the plate of concrete 7 layers 9 of felt material are provided, whereas on the uprights 8 a plate 10 rests, are formed by burners, characterized in that the burners are provided in the cap.
  • 12. A furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that the burners are mounted on a removable frame.

Claims (1)

  1. .
EP81200061A 1980-01-18 1981-01-19 Furnace, especially a ceramic or heating furnace Expired EP0032775B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81200061T ATE14478T1 (en) 1980-01-18 1981-01-19 FURNACE, PARTICULARLY FOR FIRING OR ANNEALING CERAMIC GUT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8000342A NL8000342A (en) 1980-01-18 1980-01-18 OVEN.
NL8000342 1980-01-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0032775A1 true EP0032775A1 (en) 1981-07-29
EP0032775B1 EP0032775B1 (en) 1985-07-24

Family

ID=19834700

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81200061A Expired EP0032775B1 (en) 1980-01-18 1981-01-19 Furnace, especially a ceramic or heating furnace

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0032775B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE14478T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3171439D1 (en)
NL (1) NL8000342A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180195801A1 (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Wishing Star Marble Co. Ltd. Device and Method for Optimizing Natural Stone

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088825A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-05-09 General Electric Company Electric furnace wall construction

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB590358A (en) * 1945-04-19 1947-07-15 John Fallon Improvements in heat treatment furnaces
GB819982A (en) * 1956-07-17 1959-09-09 Heurtey & Cie Improvements in or relating to bell type furnaces, in particular for the heat treatment of coiled materials
US3990203A (en) * 1976-03-29 1976-11-09 Greaves James R Insulated ceramic fiber panels for portable high temperature chambers
SE418582B (en) * 1977-07-08 1981-06-15 Grenges Weda Ab KERL FOR METAL MELTOR

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088825A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-05-09 General Electric Company Electric furnace wall construction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180195801A1 (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Wishing Star Marble Co. Ltd. Device and Method for Optimizing Natural Stone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0032775B1 (en) 1985-07-24
ATE14478T1 (en) 1985-08-15
DE3171439D1 (en) 1985-08-29
NL8000342A (en) 1981-08-17

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