EP0029539A1 - Process for manufacturing chromium-containing cast iron and cast articles made therefrom - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing chromium-containing cast iron and cast articles made therefrom Download PDF

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EP0029539A1
EP0029539A1 EP80106898A EP80106898A EP0029539A1 EP 0029539 A1 EP0029539 A1 EP 0029539A1 EP 80106898 A EP80106898 A EP 80106898A EP 80106898 A EP80106898 A EP 80106898A EP 0029539 A1 EP0029539 A1 EP 0029539A1
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castings
alloy components
weight percent
temperature
unpacking
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French (fr)
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Ivo Henych
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Georg Fischer AG
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Georg Fischer AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cast parts with high impact strength and wear resistance made of white, at least predominantly austenitic chromium cast iron, which contains alloy components of 2.2 - 3.6% C, 8 - 30% Cr, O - 3% Mo, 0 - 6% Ni, O - 2% Mn, O - 3% Cu and O - 1.5% V.
  • the chemical analysis of the alloys mentioned in these sheets is usually within the following limits, with all percentages, as in the introduction, being percentages by weight:
  • the base consists of austenite and martensite with 10 to 50% pearlite.
  • the matrix Due to the presence of pearlite or secondary carbides, the matrix is brittle and the long-term impact strength and wear resistance are low.
  • the base material is converted into martensite by tempering and the properties are improved according to the application.
  • heat treated i.e. After hardening and single or multiple tempering and relaxation with the aim of reducing the residual austenite content, the hardness is increased and the permanent impact resistance is improved.
  • the latter is still only a fraction of that which e.g. is known from high manganese steel, and therefore the wear parts occasionally fail during operation.
  • the operational breaks of the wearing parts not only lead to a breakdown of the crusher, for example, but sometimes to damage to the machine itself.
  • such castings are characterized in that the structure is free of pearlite and secondary carbide precipitates.
  • the content of the casting mold which in this case is formed from a metallic permanent mold, is formed by suitable cooling after casting to give a predominantly austenitic or pearlite or secondary carbide-free structure.
  • the casting process takes place at a temperature of about 1400 ° C, the unpacking takes place at a temperature of over 900 ° C, predominantly above 1000 ° C, in any case above the AC3 temperature, which is called the ⁇ - ⁇ transition temperature.
  • the cooling rate must be controlled in such a way that no secondary carbide precipitations and thus destabilization of the austenite and no pearlite formation can take place.
  • the cross section of the cast parts can vary widely, so that the cooling rate also changes.
  • the ability to influence the cooling rate has certain limits (thermal conductivity, stress build-up, risk of cracking and others), so that it may be necessary to work with a lower cooling rate than would be necessary to prevent pearlite formation or secondary carbide deposits.
  • an alloy must be produced by changing the chemical composition, the time-temperature conversion curve of which allows a lower cooling rate without getting into the pearlite conversion range.
  • the castings can be relaxed afterwards up to temperatures which cannot cause any changes in the austenite, i.e. that there is no destabilization by secondary carbide precipitations, preferably at 200 - 300 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von vorwiegend austenitischem weissen Chromgusseisen mit 2,2 - 3,6 % C, 12 -30%Cr, 0-3%Mo und 0-3 % Ni, 0-2 % Mn, 0-3 % Cu sowie 0 - 1,5% V für prall- und schlagbeanspruchte Gusstükke zum Geissen in metallischen Dauerformen angegeben, wobei oberhalb der Ac3 Temeratur ausgepackt und genügend schnell abgekühlt wird, um die Perlitbildung sowie eine Sekundärkarbidausscheidung zu verhindern.There is a process for the production of predominantly austenitic white cast iron with 2.2-3.6% C, 12-30% Cr, 0-3% Mo and 0-3% Ni, 0-2% Mn, 0-3%. Cu as well as 0 - 1.5% V for impact and impact-stressed castings to goat in metallic permanent forms, whereby above the Ac3 temperature unpacking and cooling sufficiently quickly to prevent pearlite formation and secondary carbide excretion.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Gussteile mit hoher Schlagzähigkeit und Verschleissfestigkeit aus weissem, zumindest vorwiegend austenitischem Chromgusseisen, welches Legierungsbestandteile von 2,2 - 3,6% C, 8 - 30% Cr, O - 3% Mo, 0 - 6% Ni, O - 2% Mn, O - 3% Cu und O - 1,5% V aufweist.The invention relates to cast parts with high impact strength and wear resistance made of white, at least predominantly austenitic chromium cast iron, which contains alloy components of 2.2 - 3.6% C, 8 - 30% Cr, O - 3% Mo, 0 - 6% Ni, O - 2% Mn, O - 3% Cu and O - 1.5% V.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Verschleissteile, welche hohem Abrieb-und Prallverschleiss ausgesetzt sind, aus Chromgusseisen herzustellen. Beispiele hierfür sind in der DIN 1695, BSI 4844 Part. 3, ASTM A532-a und anderen zu finden.It is already known to produce wear parts, which are exposed to high abrasion and impact wear, from chrome cast iron. Examples of this can be found in DIN 1695, BSI 4844 Part. 3, ASTM A532-a and others.

Die chemische Analyse der in diesen Blättern genannten Legierungen liegt in der Regel innerhalb folgender Grenzen, wobei alle Prozentangaben ebenso wie in der Einleitung Gewichtsprozente sind:

Figure imgb0001
Im Gusszustand besteht die Grundmasse aus Austenit und Martensit mit 10 bis 50 % Perlit. Die je nach der chemischen Analyse anwesenden eutektischen bzw. Primär-Karbide, welche in der Grundmasse eingebettet sind, bilden 18 bis 40 % des Gefüges.The chemical analysis of the alloys mentioned in these sheets is usually within the following limits, with all percentages, as in the introduction, being percentages by weight:
Figure imgb0001
 When cast, the base consists of austenite and martensite with 10 to 50% pearlite. Depending on the chemical analysis Eutectic or primary carbides present, which are embedded in the basic mass, form 18 to 40% of the structure.

Durch Anwesenheit des Perlits bzw. von Sekundärkarbiden ist die Grundmasse spröde und die Dauerschlagzähigkeit sowie die Verschleissfestigkeit gering. Durch Vergüten wird die Grundmasse in Martensit umgewandelt und die Eigenschaften dem Einsatz entsprechend verbessert. Im warmbehandelten Zustand, d.h. nach Härten und ein- oder mehrfachem Anlassen und Entspannen mit dem Ziel, den Restaustenitgehalt zu reduzieren, wird die Härte erhöht und die Dauerschlagfestigkeit verbessert. Letztere beträgt jedoch immer noch nur einen Bruchteil derjenigen, welche z.B. vom Manganhartstahl bekannt ist, und es kommt daher gelegentlich zum Versagen der Verschleissteile im Betrieb. Die Betriebsbrüche der Verschleissteile führen nicht nur zum Stillstand beispielsweise des Brechers, sondern manchmal zur Beschädigung der Maschine selbst.Due to the presence of pearlite or secondary carbides, the matrix is brittle and the long-term impact strength and wear resistance are low. The base material is converted into martensite by tempering and the properties are improved according to the application. When heat treated, i.e. After hardening and single or multiple tempering and relaxation with the aim of reducing the residual austenite content, the hardness is increased and the permanent impact resistance is improved. However, the latter is still only a fraction of that which e.g. is known from high manganese steel, and therefore the wear parts occasionally fail during operation. The operational breaks of the wearing parts not only lead to a breakdown of the crusher, for example, but sometimes to damage to the machine itself.

Aus der Literatur und Laborversuchen (z.B. Kulmburg, Staska Werkstofftechnik 73/Nr. 1, S. 41-49, Diesburg, Borik - Symposium for the Mining Industry, Colorado 30.6.74, S. 15-41 usw.) ist bekannt, dass austenitische weisse Chromgusseisen bzw. kaltzähe Stähle gute Verschleisseigenschaften und hervorragende KIc (Bruchzähigkeit) Werte besitzen. Die Herstellung solcher Gefüge war jedoch bis jetzt nur durch Härtung aus Temperaturen über 1100 C möglich. Diese hohen Temperaturen sind aber mit durchschnittlichen Oefen im Betrieb nicht wirtschaftlich erreichbar.From literature and laboratory tests (e.g. Kulmburg, Staska Werkstofftechnik 73 / No. 1, pp. 41-49, Diesburg, Borik - Symposium for the Mining Industry, Colorado 30.6.74, pp. 15-41 etc.) it is known that austenitic white chrome cast iron or low-temperature steels have good wear properties and excellent KIc (fracture toughness) values. Until now, however, it has only been possible to produce such structures by curing from temperatures above 1100 ° C. However, these high temperatures cannot be achieved economically with average ovens in operation.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gussteilen der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, durch welches vorwiegend austenitisches Chromgusseisen bereits im Gusszustand eine Schlagzähigkeit und Verschleissfestigkeit erhält, welches für die Schlag- und Prallverschleiss ausgesetzten Teile beispielsweise eines Brechers ausreicht. Erfindungsgemäss sind derartige Gussteile dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gefüge frei von Perlit und Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for producing cast parts of the type mentioned at the outset, by means of which predominantly austenitic chromium cast iron obtains an impact resistance and wear resistance even in the cast state, which is sufficient for the parts exposed to impact and impact wear, for example a crusher. According to the invention, such castings are characterized in that the structure is free of pearlite and secondary carbide precipitates.

Bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens kommt es darauf an, dass der Inhalt der Giessform, welche in diesem Fall aus einer metallischen Dauerform gebildet ist, durch ein geeignetes Abkühlen nach dem Giessen ein perlit-, bzw. sekundärkarbidfreies, vorwiegend austenitisches Gefüge entsteht.When carrying out the method according to the invention, it is important that the content of the casting mold, which in this case is formed from a metallic permanent mold, is formed by suitable cooling after casting to give a predominantly austenitic or pearlite or secondary carbide-free structure.

Der Giessvorgang erfolgt hierzu bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1400° C, das Auspacken erfolgt bei einer Temperatur von über 900° C, vorwiegend über 1000° C, jedenfalls oberhalb der AC3 Temperatur, welche als α-δ Umwandlungstemperatur bezeichnet wird.The casting process takes place at a temperature of about 1400 ° C, the unpacking takes place at a temperature of over 900 ° C, predominantly above 1000 ° C, in any case above the AC3 temperature, which is called the α-δ transition temperature.

Die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit muss so gesteuert werden, dass keine Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen und dadurch Entstabilisierung des Austenits und keine Perlitausbildung stattfinden kann.The cooling rate must be controlled in such a way that no secondary carbide precipitations and thus destabilization of the austenite and no pearlite formation can take place.

Der Querschnitt der Gussteile kann stark variieren, so dass sich die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit ebenfalls verändert. Die Beeinflussbarkeit der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit hat jedoch gewisse Grenzen (Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Spannungsaufbau, Rissgefahr und andere), so dass es erforderlich sein kann, mit einer kleineren Abkühlgeschwindigkeit zu arbeiten, als dies zur Verhinderung von Perlitbildung bzw. von Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen notwendig wäre. In diesem Fall muss durch Veränderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung eine Legierung erzeugt werden, deren Zeit-Temperaturumwandlungskurve eine kleinere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit zulässt, ohne dabei in den Perlitumwandlungsbereich zu kommen.The cross section of the cast parts can vary widely, so that the cooling rate also changes. However, the ability to influence the cooling rate has certain limits (thermal conductivity, stress build-up, risk of cracking and others), so that it may be necessary to work with a lower cooling rate than would be necessary to prevent pearlite formation or secondary carbide deposits. In this case, an alloy must be produced by changing the chemical composition, the time-temperature conversion curve of which allows a lower cooling rate without getting into the pearlite conversion range.

Die Abgüsse können nachträglich entspannt werden bis zu Temperaturen, welche noch keine Veränderungen des Austenits verursachen können, d.h. dass keine Entstabilisierung durch Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen stattfindet, vorzugsweise bei 200 - 300° C.The castings can be relaxed afterwards up to temperatures which cannot cause any changes in the austenite, i.e. that there is no destabilization by secondary carbide precipitations, preferably at 200 - 300 ° C.

Beispiel 1example 1

Legierung DIN G-X 300 CrMo 15 3 (15 % Cr, 3 % C, 2 % Mo) Giessen in eine metallische Dauerform. Sofort nach Erstarren bei einer Temperatur von 1000° C herausnehmen. Abkühlung: Luft oder bewegte Luft bis mindestens 200° C. Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit zwischen 1000 und 500° C 15° C/min. Eine Entspannung bei 250° C Luftabkühlung oder keine.Alloy DIN G-X 300 CrMo 15 3 (15% Cr, 3% C, 2% Mo) poured into a metallic permanent mold. Remove immediately after solidification at a temperature of 1000 ° C. Cooling: Air or moving air up to at least 200 ° C. Cooling rate between 1000 and 500 ° C 15 ° C / min. Relaxation at 250 ° C air cooling or none.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Legierung DIN G-X 260 Cr 27 (25 % Cr, 3 % C, 1 % Mo) Giessen in eine metallische Dauerform. Nach Erstarren bei einer Temperatur von ca. 1020 - 1050° C aus der Dauerform herausnehmen und kleinere Querschnitte an Luft (ca. 15° C/min.) und grössere Querschnitte gesteuert (ca. 8° C/min.) abkühlen. Eine Entspannung bei 250° C Luft oder Ofenabkühlung, oder keine.Alloy DIN G-X 260 Cr 27 (25% Cr, 3% C, 1% Mo) poured into a permanent metal mold. After solidification at a temperature of approx. 1020 - 1050 ° C, remove from the permanent mold and cool smaller cross sections in air (approx. 15 ° C / min.) And larger cross sections in a controlled manner (approx. 8 ° C / min.). Relaxation at 250 ° C air or oven cooling, or none.

Die Dauerschlagversuche haben gezeigt, dass die Verschleissteile, welche nach diesem Verfahren hergestellt worden sind, eine hervorragende Dauerschlagfestigkeit besitzen. Die Verschleissversuche mit Pin-test haben folgende Resultate gebracht:

Figure imgb0002
The long-term impact tests have shown that the wearing parts which have been produced by this method have excellent long-term impact resistance. The wear tests with Pin-test have brought the following results:
Figure imgb0002

Claims (11)

1. Gussteile mit hoher Schlagzähigkeit und Verschleissfestigkeit aus weissem, zumindest vorwiegend austenitischem Chromgusseisen, welches Legierungsbestandteile von 2,2 - 3,5% C, 8 - 30% Cr, O - 3% Mo, 0 - 6% Ni, O - 2% Mn, O - 3% Cu sowie O - 1,5% V aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gefüge frei von Perlit und Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen ist.1. Castings with high impact strength and wear resistance made of white, at least predominantly austenitic chrome cast iron, which contains alloy components of 2.2 - 3.5% C, 8 - 30% Cr, O - 3% Mo, 0 - 6% Ni, O - 2 % Mn, O - 3% Cu and O - 1.5% V, characterized in that the structure is free of pearlite and secondary carbide deposits. 2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gussteilen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberflächentemperatur beim Auspacken oberhalb Ac3 liegt, und dass die nachfolgende Abkühlgeschwindigkeit genügend gross ist, um die Bildung von Perlit und Sekundärkarbidausscheidungen zu verhindern.2. A method for producing castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface temperature when unpacking is above A c3 , and that the subsequent cooling rate is sufficiently high to prevent the formation of pearlite and secondary carbide precipitates. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abkühlen nach dem Auspacken an ruhender oder bewegter Luft mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 15° C pro Minute für kleinere und mit etwa 8 C pro Minute für grössere Querschnitte erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling takes place after unpacking in still or moving air at a speed of 15 ° C per minute for smaller and at about 8 C per minute for larger cross-sections. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abkühlen nach dem Auspacken im Salzbad oder in Oel erfolgt.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling takes place after unpacking in a salt bath or in oil. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Erreichen der Raumtemperatur bei einer Temperatur von 200° C - 300 C, jedenfalls unter der Sekundärkarbidausscheidungstemperatur entspannt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that after reaching room temperature at a temperature of 200 ° C - 300 C, at least below the secondary carbide precipitation temperature is relaxed. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die chemische Zusammensetzung der Legierung zur Anpassung an verschiedene Wandstärken der Gussteile varierbar ist.6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the chemical composition of the alloy can be varied to adapt to different wall thicknesses of the castings. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Variation der chemischen Zusammensetzung sowie durch Beeinflussung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit der Martensitanteil gesteuert wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that by varying the chemical composition tion and by influencing the cooling rate of the martensite portion is controlled. 8. Gussteile nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierungsbestandteile aus 2,4 - 3,4 % C, 0,4 - 0,9 % Si, 0,4 - 1,5 % Mn, 14 - 16 % Cr, 2 - 3 % Mo, O - 1 % V und 0 - 2 % Cu (Gewichtsprozent) bestehen.8. Castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy components from 2.4 - 3.4% C, 0.4 - 0.9% Si, 0.4 - 1.5% Mn, 14 - 16% Cr, 2 - 3% Mo, O - 1% V and 0 - 2% Cu (weight percent) exist. 9. Gussteile nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierungsbestandteile aus 2,4 - 3,4 % C, 0,4 - 0,9 % Si, 0,4 - 1,5 % Mn, 14 - 16 % Cr, 0 - 1 % Mo,1 - 3 Ni, 0 - 1 % V und O - 2 % Cu (Gewichtsprozent) bestehen.9. Castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy components from 2.4 - 3.4% C, 0.4 - 0.9% Si, 0.4 - 1.5% Mn, 14 - 16% Cr, 0 - 1% Mo, 1 - 3 Ni, 0 - 1% V and O - 2% Cu (weight percent) exist. 10. Gussteile nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierungsbestandteile aus 2,4 - 3,4 % C, 0,4 - 0,9 % Si, 0,4 - 2 % Mn, 18 - 22 % Cr, 0,5 - 3,0 % Mo, 0 - 3 % Ni, O - 1% V, 0 - 2 % Cu (Gewichtsprozent) bestehen.10. Castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy components of 2.4-3.4% C, 0.4-0.9% Si, 0.4-2% Mn, 18-22% Cr, 0, 5 - 3.0% Mo, 0 - 3% Ni, O - 1% V, 0 - 2% Cu (weight percent). 11.Gussteile nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierungsbestandteile aus 2,4 - 3,4 % C, 0,4 - 0,9 % Si, 0,4 - 2 % Mn, 22 - 26 % Cr, O - 3,0 % Mo, O - 3 % Ni, 0 - 1 % V und O - 2 % Cu (Gewichtsprozent) bestehen.11. Castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy components from 2.4 - 3.4% C, 0.4 - 0.9% Si, 0.4 - 2% Mn, 22 - 26% Cr, O - 3.0% Mo, O - 3% Ni, 0 - 1% V and O - 2% Cu (weight percent).
EP80106898A 1979-11-19 1980-11-08 Process for manufacturing chromium-containing cast iron and cast articles made therefrom Ceased EP0029539A1 (en)

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CH10291/79 1979-11-19
CH10291/79A CH648353A5 (en) 1979-11-19 1979-11-19 HIGH-IMPACT CASTING PARTS AND A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF.

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AU (1) AU537793B2 (en)
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US4911763A (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-03-27 Norcast Corporation Process for producing a low alloy white cast iron
CN1036795C (en) * 1994-06-28 1997-12-24 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 High strength and high chrome cast iron lining plate and its prodn. method
CN1040342C (en) * 1994-02-01 1998-10-21 北京科技大学 Prodn. technique of compound wear resistant double-rolle roller rim
EP3720979A4 (en) * 2017-12-04 2021-07-07 Weir Minerals Australia Ltd Tough and corrosion resistant white cast irons

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JP2008518099A (en) * 2003-10-27 2008-05-29 グローバル・タフ・アロイズ・プロプライエタリー・リミテッド Improved wear resistant alloy
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US3784416A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-01-08 Canron Ltd Manufacture of white cast iron
US3941589A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-03-02 Amax Inc. Abrasion-resistant refrigeration-hardenable white cast iron
WO1979000274A1 (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-05-17 Fischer Ag Georg Manufacturing process of metal pieces made of alloy cast iron exposed to wear

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0178894A2 (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-04-23 BRADLEY & FOSTER LIMITED A method of heat treating high chromium cast ferrous-based alloys and a wearing element formed of a high chromium cast ferrous based alloy
GB2167438A (en) * 1984-10-17 1986-05-29 Bradley & Foster Ltd A method of heat treating high chromium cast ferrous-based alloys and a wearing element formed of a high chromium cast ferrous based alloy
EP0178894A3 (en) * 1984-10-17 1987-06-24 BRADLEY & FOSTER LIMITED A method of heat treating high chromium cast ferrous-based alloys and a wearing element formed of a high chromium cast ferrous based alloy
US4911763A (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-03-27 Norcast Corporation Process for producing a low alloy white cast iron
CN1040342C (en) * 1994-02-01 1998-10-21 北京科技大学 Prodn. technique of compound wear resistant double-rolle roller rim
CN1036795C (en) * 1994-06-28 1997-12-24 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 High strength and high chrome cast iron lining plate and its prodn. method
EP3720979A4 (en) * 2017-12-04 2021-07-07 Weir Minerals Australia Ltd Tough and corrosion resistant white cast irons

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BR8007383A (en) 1981-05-26
AU537793B2 (en) 1984-07-12
US4382828A (en) 1983-05-10
CH648353A5 (en) 1985-03-15
AU6449680A (en) 1981-10-01
JPS5687651A (en) 1981-07-16

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