EP0026456A2 - Heating arrangement using a P.T.C. resistance - Google Patents

Heating arrangement using a P.T.C. resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026456A2
EP0026456A2 EP80105755A EP80105755A EP0026456A2 EP 0026456 A2 EP0026456 A2 EP 0026456A2 EP 80105755 A EP80105755 A EP 80105755A EP 80105755 A EP80105755 A EP 80105755A EP 0026456 A2 EP0026456 A2 EP 0026456A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ptc thermistor
heating device
pressure
heating element
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP80105755A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026456A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Dr. Meixner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0026456A2 publication Critical patent/EP0026456A2/en
Publication of EP0026456A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026456A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device with a PTC thermistor as a heating element, as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a heating device with an optimized heating element made of thermistor material is known from the prior art, in particular from DE-OS 27 43 880.
  • the PTC thermistor heating element has a thickness of only 0.5 to 2 mm with a specific electrical resistance of the PTC thermistor material kept in a relatively narrow range, which must also have a Curie temperature that is at least 50 ° higher than the switch-off temperature provided for the heating device.
  • PTC thermistor disks which have no metallization on their surfaces.
  • Metal plates of an adapted shape serve as supply electrodes, which lie on the entire surface on both sides of the PTC thermistor disk.
  • a ductile metal such as e.g. essentially unalloyed aluminum or lead, 'is used. Due to the pressure already provided in heating devices of the relevant type during installation, the platelets made of the ductile material are pressed so firmly against the surface of the PTC thermistor that - as has been found in the experiments on which the invention is based - even for a heating element with relative strong current flow sufficient and permanent good contact results.
  • the PTC thermistor is designated 1.
  • 2 and 3 are plates made of relatively ductile aluminum in the thickness of e.g. Designated 0.5 mm.
  • insulation bodies made of e.g. Aluminum oxide, which provides electrical insulation but good heat transfer.
  • the arrows 6 indicate the contact pressure that is present during installation.
  • the PTC thermistor disk 11 has a roughening of its surface as shown schematically.
  • a measure between 50 and 100 ⁇ m is particularly suitable for the roughness.
  • 21 and 31 in turn denote the plates made of ductile metal which, under the existing pressure 6, receive an impression of the surface corresponding to the roughness of the PTC thermistor 11.
  • Such a roughened surface is obtained when an embossing die is appropriately roughened on the surface during the otherwise conventional pressing of these bodies before the conventional sintering process.
  • This interlocking of the plates 21 and 31 with the PTC thermistor 11, which occurs due to the roughness leads to a further improvement in the electrical contact.
  • FIG. 3 shows the behavior of an electrical contact between the platelets and the PTC thermistor disc not provided with metallization, as is the case with a heating device according to the invention.
  • the mechanical contact pressure is plotted on the abscissa of the graphic representation in FIG. 3 and the electrical current consumed (with constant terminal voltage) is plotted on the ordinate.
  • the initial curve 131 shows that good electrical contact is only achieved at a relatively high pressure of at least 1.3.10 8 P. This fact basically stops the expert from using PTC thermistor disks without metallization for heating devices with the high electrical current that is always required.
  • the full-surface permanent pressure is maintained over the entire life of the heating device.
  • this can be achieved in that the housing or the receptacle, into which the heating device according to the invention or the heating element is inserted under pressure, has a corresponding permanent elasticity.
  • Such an effect can be achieved e.g. by using a plate spring - in the form of a disc, which can simultaneously be designed as a holder that is blown into the housing. Make sure that heat dissipation is equally good on both sides of the pane.

Abstract

Kaltleiter-Heizelement ohne Metallisierung der im Betriebszustand als elektrische Kontaktflächen dienenden Oberflächen des Kaltleiterkörpers (1), wobei der elektrische Kontakt im eingebauten Zustand des Heizelements durch mit permanent aufrechtzuerhaltendem Druck angepreßte Metallkontakte (4, 5) erzeugt ist.PTC thermistor heating element without metallization of the surfaces of the PTC thermistor body (1), which serve as electrical contact surfaces in the operating state, the electrical contact being generated in the installed state of the heating element by metal contacts (4, 5) pressed with permanent pressure.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Heizeinrichtung mit einer Kaltleiterscheibe als Heizelement, wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 näher angegeben ist.The invention relates to a heating device with a PTC thermistor as a heating element, as specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Aus dem Stand der Technik, insbesondere aus der DE-OS 27 43 880, ist eine Heizeinrichtung mit einem optimierten Heizelement aus Kaltleiter-Material bekannt. Das Kaltleiter-Heizelement hat dabei als wesentliche Merkmale eine Dicke von nur 0,5 bis 2 mm bei einem in relativ engem Bereich gehaltenen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand des Kaltleiter-Materials, das zudem eine Curie-Temperatur haben muß, die wenigstens 50° höher ist als die für die Heizeinrichtung vorgesehene Abschalttemperatur.A heating device with an optimized heating element made of thermistor material is known from the prior art, in particular from DE-OS 27 43 880. The PTC thermistor heating element has a thickness of only 0.5 to 2 mm with a specific electrical resistance of the PTC thermistor material kept in a relatively narrow range, which must also have a Curie temperature that is at least 50 ° higher than the switch-off temperature provided for the heating device.

Insbesondere in den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften P 28 06 159 und P 28 16 076 sind Maßnahmen für den Einbau einer solchen Kaltleiter-Heizeinrichtung angegeben, bei denen die Kaltleiterscheibe unter Druck zwischen die wärmeableitenden Platten gehalten ist.Measures for the installation of such a thermistor heating device are specified, in particular, in German laid-open publications P 28 06 159 and P 28 16 076 give, in which the PTC thermistor is held under pressure between the heat-dissipating plates.

Für die Stromzuführung in die Kaltleiterscheibe sind in allen Fällen bisher Stromzuführungselektroden auf der Kaltleiterscheibe selbst vorgesehen werden. Es sind Oberflächen-Metallisierungen aus Aluminium, aus In-Ga-Ag-Mehrfachschichten und neuerdings auch aus Einbrennsilber verwendet worden.In all cases, current supply electrodes have hitherto been provided on the PTC itself for the current supply in the PTC thermistor. Surface metallizations made from aluminum, from In-Ga-Ag multilayers and recently also from stoving silver have been used.

Es haben sich weite Anwendungsbereiche für Heizeinrichtungen mit Kaltleiterscheiben eröffnet. Für die praktische Einführung solcher Heizeinrichtungen kommt es entscheidend auf den sich im Preis niederschlagenden. technischen Aufwand an, der für Massenprodukte naturgemäß so klein wie irgend möglich zu halten ist.Wide areas of application for heating devices with PTC thermistor disks have opened up. For the practical introduction of such heating devices, the decisive factor is that which is reflected in the price. technical effort that is naturally as small as possible for mass products.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, für Heizeinrichtungen mit Kaltleiterscheiben eine weitere technische Vereinfachung anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to provide a further technical simplification for heating devices with PTC thermistor disks.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Heizeinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.This object is achieved with a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein prinzipiell anderer Weg der Stromzuführung eingeschlagen worden, als er bisher für sämtliche technischen Anwendungen vorgesehen und auch als notwendig angesehen worden ist. Mit der Erfindung sind somit auch die Probleme gelöst worden, die im Zusammenhang mit Metallisierungen von Kaltleiter-Material wegen des Entstehens von Sperrschichten aufgetreten sind.With the invention, a fundamentally different way of power supply has been taken than has been previously provided for all technical applications and has also been regarded as necessary. The invention has thus also solved the problems which have arisen in connection with metallizations of PTC thermistor material because of the formation of barrier layers.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung werden Kaltleiterscheiben verwendet, die auf ihren Oberflächen keinerlei Metallisierung haben. Als Zuführungselektroden dienen Metallplättchen angepaßter Form, die auf beiden Seiten der Kaltleiterscheibe ganzflächig anliegen.. Für die Plättchen wird ein duktiles Metall, wie z.B. im wesentlichen unlegiertes Aluminium oder Blei,'verwendet. Durch den ohnehin bei Heizeinrichtungen der einschlägigen Art im Einbau vorgesehenen Druck werden die Plättchen aus dem duktilen Material derart fest an die Oberfläche der Kaltleiterscheibe angedrückt, daß sich ein - wie sich bei den der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Versuchen herausgestellt hat - selbst für ein Heizelement mit relativ starkem Stromdurchfluß ausreichend und dauerhaft guter Kontakt ergibt.In a heating device according to the invention, PTC thermistor disks are used which have no metallization on their surfaces. Metal plates of an adapted shape serve as supply electrodes, which lie on the entire surface on both sides of the PTC thermistor disk. A ductile metal, such as e.g. essentially unalloyed aluminum or lead, 'is used. Due to the pressure already provided in heating devices of the relevant type during installation, the platelets made of the ductile material are pressed so firmly against the surface of the PTC thermistor that - as has been found in the experiments on which the invention is based - even for a heating element with relative strong current flow sufficient and permanent good contact results.

Weitere Erläuterungen zur Erfindung werden mit der Beschreibung der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele gegeben.

  • Fig.1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung.
  • Fig.2 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung.
  • Fig.3 zeigt ein Diagramm des druckabhängigen Kontakts.
Further explanations of the invention are given with the description of the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of a heating device according to the invention.
  • 2 shows a second embodiment of a heating device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the pressure-dependent contact.

In Fig.1 ist die Kaltleiterscheibe mit 1 bezeichnet. Mit 2 und 3 sind Plättchen aus relativ duktilem Aluminium in der Dicke von z.B. 0,5 mm bezeichnet. Mit 4 und 5 sind Isolationskörper aus z.B. Aluminiumoxid bezeichnet, die für eine elektrische Isolation, jedoch für guten Wärmeübergang, sorgen. Mit den Pfeilen 6 ist der im Einbau vorliegende Anpreßdruck angedeutet.In Figure 1, the PTC thermistor is designated 1. With 2 and 3 are plates made of relatively ductile aluminum in the thickness of e.g. Designated 0.5 mm. With 4 and 5 insulation bodies made of e.g. Aluminum oxide, which provides electrical insulation but good heat transfer. The arrows 6 indicate the contact pressure that is present during installation.

Zwischen den aneinander angrenzenden Flächen der Kaltleiterscheibe 1 einerseits und den Plättchen 2 und 3 andererseits bildet sich unter dem auf der ganzen Einrichtung lastenden permanenten Druck ein völlig ausreichend guter elektrischer Kontakt aus. 'Die Plättchen 2 und 3 können wie in der Fig.1 dargestellt als Anschlußfahnen für die Stromzuführung herausgeführt sein.Between the adjoining surfaces of the PTC thermistor 1 on the one hand and the platelets 2 and 3 on the other hand, a completely sufficiently good electrical contact is formed under the permanent pressure exerted on the entire device. The plates 2 and 3 can be led out as connection lugs for the power supply, as shown in FIG.

Fig.2 zeigt eine variierte Ausführungsform, bei der die Kaltleiterscheibe 11 eine wie schematisch dargestellte Aufrauhung ihrer Oberfläche aufweist. Für die Rauhigkeit ist ein Maß zwischen 50 und 100/um besonders geeignet. Mit 21 und 31 sind wiederum die Plättchen aus duktilem Metall bezeichnet, die unter dem vorhandenen Druck 6 eine Einprägung der Oberfläche entsprechend der Rauhigkeit der Kaltleiterscheibe 11 erhalten. Eine solche aufgerauhte Oberfläche erhält man bei Verwendung eines entsprechend an seiner Oberfläche aufgerauhten Prägestempels bei dem ansonsten wie üblichen Pressen dieser Körper vor dem konventionellen Sinterverfahren. Diese aufgrund der Rauhigkeit auftretende Verzahnung der Plättchen 21 und 31 mit der Kaltleiterscheibe 11 führt zu einer weiteren Verbesserung des elektrischen Kontakts.2 shows a varied embodiment, in which the PTC thermistor disk 11 has a roughening of its surface as shown schematically. A measure between 50 and 100 μm is particularly suitable for the roughness. 21 and 31 in turn denote the plates made of ductile metal which, under the existing pressure 6, receive an impression of the surface corresponding to the roughness of the PTC thermistor 11. Such a roughened surface is obtained when an embossing die is appropriately roughened on the surface during the otherwise conventional pressing of these bodies before the conventional sintering process. This interlocking of the plates 21 and 31 with the PTC thermistor 11, which occurs due to the roughness, leads to a further improvement in the electrical contact.

Fig.3 zeigt das Verhalten eines wie bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung vorliegenden elektrischen Kontakts zwischen den Plättchen und der nicht mit Metallisierung versehenen Kaltleiterscheibe. Auf der Abszisse der grafischen Darstellung der Fig.3 ist der mechanische AnpreßdrUck und auf der Ordinate ist der aufgenommene elektrische Strom (bei konstanter Klemmenspannung) aufgetragen. Die Anfangskurve 131 zeigt, daß erst bei relativ hohem Druck von wenigstens 1,3.108 P ein guter elektrischer Kontakt erreicht ist. Dieser Sachverhalt hält den Fachmann grundsätzlich davon ab, Kaltleiterscheiben ohne Metallisierung für Heizeinrichtungen mit wie stets erforderlichem hohen elektrischen Strom zu verwenden.3 shows the behavior of an electrical contact between the platelets and the PTC thermistor disc not provided with metallization, as is the case with a heating device according to the invention. The mechanical contact pressure is plotted on the abscissa of the graphic representation in FIG. 3 and the electrical current consumed (with constant terminal voltage) is plotted on the ordinate. The initial curve 131 shows that good electrical contact is only achieved at a relatively high pressure of at least 1.3.10 8 P. This fact basically stops the expert from using PTC thermistor disks without metallization for heating devices with the high electrical current that is always required.

Überraschenderweise hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß gemäß der Kurve 132 eine gewisse Hysterese-Erscheinung vorliegt. Bei noch vergleichsweise sehr viel geringerem Druck von 0,3·108 P liegt nach einmaliger Anwendung hohen Druckes immer noch ein guter elektrischer Kontakt vor.Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that there is a certain hysteresis phenomenon according to curve 132. At a comparatively much lower pressure of 0.3 · 10 8 P, there is still good electrical contact after a single application of high pressure.

Wichtig für die Erfindung ist, daß der ganzflächig permanente Druck über die gesamte Lebensdauer der Heizeinrichtung aufrechterhalten bleibt. Dies läßt sich in der Praxis dadurch erreichen, daß das Gehäuse bzw. die Aufnahme, in die die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung bzw. das Heizelement unter Druck eingesetzt ist, eine entsprechende dauerhafte Elastizität hat. Einen solchen Effekt erreicht man z.B. durch Verwendung einer Tellerfeder-in Form einer Scheibe, die gleichzeitig als eine in das Gehäuse eingesprengte Halterung ausgebildet sein kann. Es ist darauf zu achten, daß auf beiden Seiten der Scheibe gleich gute Wärmeableitung vorliegt.It is important for the invention that the full-surface permanent pressure is maintained over the entire life of the heating device. In practice, this can be achieved in that the housing or the receptacle, into which the heating device according to the invention or the heating element is inserted under pressure, has a corresponding permanent elasticity. Such an effect can be achieved e.g. by using a plate spring - in the form of a disc, which can simultaneously be designed as a holder that is blown into the housing. Make sure that heat dissipation is equally good on both sides of the pane.

Claims (3)

1. Heizeinrichtung mit einer Kaltleiterscheibe als Heizelement, mit Stromzuführungselektroden und mit wenigstens einem Isolationskörper, deren Einzelteile durch Druck zusammengehalten sind, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß eine Kaltleiterscheibe (1, 11) verwendet ist, deren Oberflächen frei von einer Metallisierung sind, und daß Plättchen (2, 3; 21, 31) aus duktilem Metall vorgesehen sind, die auf beiden Seiten der Kaltleiterscheibe (1, 11) ganzflächig unter permanentem Druck (6) von wenigstens 0,3·108 P an dieser anliegen und die als Stromzuführungselektroden mit Anschlüssen ausgebildet sind.1.Heating device with a PTC thermistor as a heating element, with power supply electrodes and with at least one insulating body, the individual parts of which are held together by pressure, characterized in that a PTC thermistor (1, 11) is used, the surfaces of which are free of metallization, and that platelets ( 2, 3; 21, 31) made of ductile metal are provided, which rest on both sides of the PTC thermistor disc (1, 11) over the entire surface under permanent pressure (6) of at least 0.3 · 10 8 P and which act as power supply electrodes with connections are trained. 2. Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch,daß für die Plättchen (2, 3; 21, 31) aus duktilem Metall Aluminium verwendet ist.2. Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that aluminum is used for the plates (2, 3; 21, 31) made of ductile metal. 3. Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß eine Kaltleiterscheibe (11) mit einer Oberflächenrauhigkeit in der Größenordnung von 100µm verwendet ist.3. Heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a PTC thermistor (11) with a surface roughness in the order of 100 microns is used.
EP80105755A 1979-09-28 1980-09-24 Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance Ceased EP0026456A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2939470 1979-09-28
DE2939470A DE2939470C2 (en) 1979-09-28 1979-09-28 PTC thermistor heating device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026456A2 true EP0026456A2 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026456A3 EP0026456A3 (en) 1981-04-15

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EP80105755A Ceased EP0026456A3 (en) 1979-09-28 1980-09-24 Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance

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US (1) US4331861A (en)
EP (1) EP0026456A3 (en)
JP (1) JPS5657288A (en)
DE (1) DE2939470C2 (en)
ES (1) ES495392A0 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0398811A2 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Fujikura Ltd. Manufacturing method for a PTC thermistor
EP0398811A3 (en) * 1989-05-18 1992-05-20 Fujikura Ltd. Manufacturing method for a PTC thermistor
US5212466A (en) * 1989-05-18 1993-05-18 Fujikura Ltd. Ptc thermistor and manufacturing method for the same
US5351390A (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-10-04 Fujikura Ltd. Manufacturing method for a PTC thermistor
EP0487920A1 (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-06-03 Asea Brown Boveri Ab PTC element

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US4331861A (en) 1982-05-25
ES8105915A1 (en) 1981-06-16
ES495392A0 (en) 1981-06-16
EP0026456A3 (en) 1981-04-15
DE2939470C2 (en) 1982-04-08
JPS5657288A (en) 1981-05-19
DE2939470A1 (en) 1981-04-02

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