EP0025991A1 - Fermeture composite - Google Patents

Fermeture composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0025991A1
EP0025991A1 EP19800105619 EP80105619A EP0025991A1 EP 0025991 A1 EP0025991 A1 EP 0025991A1 EP 19800105619 EP19800105619 EP 19800105619 EP 80105619 A EP80105619 A EP 80105619A EP 0025991 A1 EP0025991 A1 EP 0025991A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pedestals
liner
top wall
wall portion
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19800105619
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0025991B1 (fr
Inventor
Sheldon L. Wilde
Thomas J. Mccandless
Robert M. Saunders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HC Industries Inc
Original Assignee
HC Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HC Industries Inc filed Critical HC Industries Inc
Publication of EP0025991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0025991A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0025991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0025991B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0435—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with separate sealing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3461—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being retracted by heat or by heat and pressure
    • B65D41/3466—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being retracted by heat or by heat and pressure and being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges

Definitions

  • This invention relates to closures, and more particularly, to a composite plastic closure for bottles.
  • plastic crowns and closures have been recognized.
  • the physical characteristics and nature of plastics such as their melting and plastic deformation temperatures, and their resiliency, impact and compression strengths, at molding and refrigeration temperatures, present different structural problems in molding plastic closures than in metal closures.
  • the wall thickness is confined to a limited range, i.e., the wall must be thin enough to permit axial removal and deflection of the threaded skirt of the closure from the plunger, but thick enough to support the necessary thread height and profile.
  • the threads of conventional plastic closures are also limited to a certain amount of taper to permit deflection and removal of the threaded skirt from the plunger.
  • the closures In conventional plastic closures, such as polypropylene closures, the closures have low impact strength and fail a drop test in the refrigeration range of 32-40 degrees F.
  • An improved composite plastic closure for bottles and other containers has a plastic cap with novel liner-engaging pedestals that are adapted to provide a secure mechanical or thermal interconnection with a plastic liner.
  • the liner-engaging pedestals extend from the top wall of the cap in an area bounded by the closure-skirt. Portions of the pedestals are spaced apart from each other to define spaces that receive the plastic liner.
  • each of the pedestals has at least one portion that provides an overhang to interlockingly engage the liner.
  • the overhang is mushroom-shaped.
  • the pedestal includes fusible pedestals with heat concentration zones that are fused to the liner.
  • each of the fusible pedestals is cylindrical with a circular edge that defines part of the heat concentration zone.
  • each of the fusible pedestals has an apex that defines part of the heat concentration zone.
  • such pedestals are pyramid-shaped.
  • the closure is formed with an inwardly biased pilfer band that is detachably connected to the skirt.
  • a composite plastic closure 100 is provided to close and fluidly seal the finish of a threaded bottle 102 or other containers filled with a liquid, such as a carbonated beverage.
  • Composite closure has a resilient plastic cap 104, which is sometimes referred to as a shell or crown, and has a resilient fluid-impervious plastic liner or seal 106.
  • Cap 104 is preferably made of moldable thermoplastic, such as polypropylene or polyethylene. Other materials can also be used.
  • Liner 106 is preferably made of moldable thermoplastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Other liner materials, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) can also be used.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the cap In order to increase the strength of the cap, the cap has spun plastic portions that provide a spiral molecular orientation, i.e., spirally orientated molecules 108.
  • the spiral orientation gives the cap greater hoop strength and crack resistance than plastic caps formed without spiral orientation.
  • the spun plastic material provides good impact strength and enables the cap to pass a drop test in the refrigeration temperature range of 32-40 degrees F.
  • cap 104 is of a one-piece unitary construction and is made of a polypropylene homopolymer. All the parts and components of the plastic cap 104 are integrally connected to each other.
  • the cap 104 has a top wall disc-shaped portion or surface 110 that is sometimes referred to as the "top,” and an annular peripheral skirt 112 depending from the top 110.
  • Top 110 has a generally flat outer surface 110a and an inner surface that provides an underside 110b.
  • the circular edge or corner 110c formed by the intersection of the top and the skirt is rounded or chamfered.
  • skirt 112 has internal threads 114 and an internal annular lip 116 that provides a retainer to retain and confine the annular bead portion 106a of liner 106 and serves to support and seal against a cylindrical sleeve during the liner-forming process.
  • annular bead portion 106a advantageously seals against the finish of the bottle to fluidly seal any irregularities, such as bumps or unevenness in the finish.
  • Retainer 116 is inclined and converges radially inward away from top 110.
  • the exterior surface of skirt 112 has circumferentially spaced vertical finger-gripping ribs 120 to facilitate gripping of the cap.
  • the vertical ribs terminate in an outer rim 124 spaced below top 110.
  • Rim 124 has an inwardly inclined annular shoulder 126 that provides the end skirt 112.
  • tamper-proof band 128 is provided at the end of the skirt by a plurality of frangible members or bridges 130.
  • pilfer-band 128 When formed, pilfer-band 128 is biased radially inward from skirt 112 to provide a frusto-conical band having a minimum inside diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the skirt.
  • the band is subsequently stretched, expanded and lifted to provide a circumferential or cylindrical portion having an inside diameter approximately equal to the inside diameter of the skirt 112 to enable the cap 104 to be inserted onto the container 102.
  • the cylindrical band has a resilient memory and when reheated will assume its original frusto-conical shape.
  • pilfer-band 128 is heated to shrink about and engage the bottleneck.
  • pilfer-band 128 will fracture or break in selected areas.
  • some of the frangible bridges 130 are thicker than others so that when the closure 100 is removed from the bottle, the pilfer-band will tear into one or more pieces and still be attached to the closure 100 by the thicker bridges.
  • the bridges 130 all have the same thickness and be only horizontally scored so that the pilfer-band 128 will remain on the bottle 102 when the closure 100 is removed.
  • the cap has a plurality of liner-engaging pedestals 132 that interlockingly engage liner 106.
  • Pedestals 132 extend vertically from the underside 110b of cap-top 110 to a position above the cap's annular lip 116. As shown in Figures 2-5, the pedestals 132 are spaced apart from each other in a grid-like array or matrix in longitudinal parallel rows and lateral parallel rows to define a plurality of liner-receiving passageways, channels or spaces 134 therebetween to receive the liner-forming plastic 106. Liner-receiving spaces 134 and pedestals 132 are circumferentially bounded and surrounded by skirt 112 ( Figure 1).
  • Each pedestal 132 ( Figures 3-5) is formed with a generally upright, vertical body 136 extending in the upright (axial) direction.
  • Pedestal-body l36 has a free end or head 138 that is spaced away from the top 110 of cap 104.
  • pedestal-body 136 has a generally square cross-section.
  • the free end 138 ( Figures 3-5) of pedestal-body 136 is upset, such as by compression and/or heating, to form a mushroom-shaped head 138 with an overhang 1-40 that extends outwardly of the body 136 in a direction generally transverse to the upright direction.
  • Overhangs 140 provide a mechanical interlock between pedestals 132 and liner 106.
  • the holding strength of the pedestals and the tear strength of the mechanical connection between the liner 106 and pedestals 132 is proportional to the diameter and extent of the overhang 140 of pedestals 132, the number of pedestals 132 and the spacing 134 between pedestals.
  • peel strength of the pedestals can be varied to a desired amount, such as between 0,9 and 2 , 72 k g.
  • This versatility is important because it permits the liner 106 to be detached or stripped from the pedestals 132 with a minimum amount of effort at a later time. The maximum bond and holding strength between the pedestals 132 and liner 106 occurs when the overhangs 140 of the pedestals contact each other.
  • the liner 106 has a centrally disposed circular disc-shaped portion or membrane 106b (Figure 1) that extends across and is connected to and circumscribed by an annular sealing bead 106a.
  • Disc portion 106b engages the underside 110b of cap-top 110 and extends to a position beneath the mushroom-shaped heads 138 to completely cover and overlie pedestals 132.
  • Annular bead 106a is confined in the channel between top 110 and retainer 116.
  • the outer face of bead 106a has a rounded lower portion 142 ( Figure 6) that is shaped complementary to the internal rounded corner that connects the top 110 to skirt 112, and has an outer upper frusto-conical portion 144 that is inclined and converges radially inward away from top 110, and engages retainer 116.
  • the inner face of bead 106a has a vertical lower portion or shoulder 146 and an upper frusto-conical sealing portion 148 that is inclined and diverges radially outward from shoulder 146.
  • Upper sealing portion 148 resiliently seals and seats against the finish and rim of the bottle to abut against and fluidly seal any irregularities, such as bumps or unevenness, in the finish.
  • thermoplastic liners 106 When certain types of thermoplastic liners 106 are used, such as EVA liners, the liner 106 is thermally fused and bonded to pedestals 1.32 ( Figure 5) as it is compression molded and heated during the liner-forming process. This provides a thermo- connection in addition to the mechanical interlock provided by the mushroom-shaped pedestals 132 ( Figure 5). For other materials, such as PVC, the liner may not be fused to the pedestals when it is compression molded and heated, but it is still securely mechanically held by the mushroom-shaped pedestals 132.
  • the resultant secure mechanical interconnection between cap 104 and liner 106 attributable to the holding strength of the mushroom-shaped pedestals 132 permits the liner to be molded without heating the cap, or at least without heating the non-pedestal portions of the cap, to its melting and plastic deformation temperature, thereby minimizing distortion of the cap when the liner is formed.
  • pedestals having heads or overhangs with other shapes could also be used to provide a mechanical interlock with the liner in accordance with principles of the present invention.
  • the composite plastic closure 150 shown in Figure 6 is identical to the composite closure 100 shown in Figure 1, except that the pedestals 152 are in the form of fusible cylindrical pedestals and do not have an overhang.
  • Each of the pedestals 152 ( Figure 7) has a generally planar or flat end 154 with a circular edge 156 that defines at least part of a fusible heat concentration zone, that becomes thermally fused to liner 106 ( Figure 6) when liner 106 is compression molded and heated in cap 104 during the liner-forming process.
  • the thermal bond between liner 106 and pedestals 152 provide a solid thermal interconnection between liner 106 and cap 104.
  • the shape and arrangement of the fusible pedestals 152 are such as to permit the pedestals to be heated to their melting and plastic deformation temperature for fusion with the liner 106, while the other portions of the cap 104 are kept cooler, thereby minimizing distortion of the cap when the liner is formed.
  • the composite plastic closure 160 shown in Figure 8 is identical to the composite closure 150 shown in Figures 6 and 7, except that the fusible pedestals 162 are pyramid-shaped and the bases 164 of the pyramids 162 in each lateral row 166 are contiguous.
  • the apex or peak 168 of each pyramid 162 and the portions immediately adjacent thereto provides a fusible heat concentration zone 170 that becomes thermally fused to the molten liner-forming plastic as the liner is compression molded and heated in the cap during the liner-forming process.
  • the fusible pyramid-shaped pedestals 162 also permit the pedestals to be heated to their melting and plastic deformation temperature for fusion to the liner 106, while the other portions of the cap are kept cooler so as to minimize distortion of the cap 104 when the liner is formed. Because of the shape, arrangement and high heat transfer capabilities of the pyramid-shaped pedestals 162, it is believed that the cap with pyramid-shaped pedestals 162 can be kept even cooler than a cap with cylindrical pedestals 152, when the liner is formed.
  • pyramids with a radius at the apex of approximately 0,05 mm had about the same adhesion (thermal connection strength) with a liner as 0,33 mm diameter cylindrical pedestals that were formed with a 50 mesh stainless steel screen.
  • Prior art closures provided only about one-fifth the adhesion (holding strength) of the pyramids and cylinders.
  • fusible pedestals having other configurations can be used in accordance with principles of the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
EP19800105619 1979-09-21 1980-09-19 Fermeture composite Expired EP0025991B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7756679A 1979-09-21 1979-09-21
US77566 1979-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0025991A1 true EP0025991A1 (fr) 1981-04-01
EP0025991B1 EP0025991B1 (fr) 1985-07-31

Family

ID=22138823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800105619 Expired EP0025991B1 (fr) 1979-09-21 1980-09-19 Fermeture composite

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0025991B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS6344627B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR226863A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8008835A (fr)
DE (1) DE3070923D1 (fr)
MX (1) MX151062A (fr)
WO (1) WO1981000838A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0094026A2 (fr) * 1982-05-06 1983-11-16 Anchor Hocking Corporation Fermeture inviolable pour boisson
GB2120220A (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-30 Nat Plastics Ltd Container closure blank
GB2123393A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-02-01 Owens Illinois Inc Improvements in or relating to closures for containers
US4497765A (en) * 1979-09-21 1985-02-05 H-C Industries, Inc. Process for making a closure
EP0219265A2 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-22 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture en matière plastique avec joint moulé pour un récipient
GB2235186A (en) * 1989-08-15 1991-02-27 Lawson Mardon Composite cap assembly
WO2003002421A1 (fr) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-09 Portola Packaging, Inc. Systeme de fermeture de bouteille
US7281636B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2007-10-16 Portola Packaging, Inc. Bottle cap having tear tab and sealing bead

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369889A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-01-25 Ethyl Products Company Tamperproof closure
ZA831232B (en) * 1982-03-10 1983-11-30 Grace W R & Co Screw cap
US4658976A (en) * 1983-04-15 1987-04-21 Aluminum Company Of America Lined plastic closure
US5064084A (en) * 1990-08-27 1991-11-12 H-C Industries, Inc. Composite closure with seal proportioning lip
JP3298057B2 (ja) * 1994-05-17 2002-07-02 日本クラウンコルク株式会社 合成樹脂製容器蓋
IT239014Y1 (it) * 1995-10-24 2001-02-19 Sacmi Capsula a vite in materiale plastico per la chiusura di contenitori
JP4685210B2 (ja) * 2000-05-02 2011-05-18 日本クラウンコルク株式会社 樹脂パッドを備えた樹脂製キャップ

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1486937A (en) * 1921-09-02 1924-03-18 Thomas L Taliaferro Method of making bottle closures
GB283447A (en) * 1927-09-26 1928-01-12 Robert Dale Carr Improvements relating to caps for collapsible tubes, scent sprays and the like
US2548305A (en) * 1945-07-26 1951-04-10 Gora Lee Corp Machine and method for making sealing closures
US2654913A (en) * 1950-07-27 1953-10-13 Continental Can Co Art of making closure seals by molding and curing
US2684774A (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-07-27 Joseph J Mascuch Sealing closure for containers and method of producing same
US2688776A (en) * 1950-05-16 1954-09-14 Continental Can Co Art of making closure seals
US2696318A (en) * 1950-03-27 1954-12-07 Georges Achille Kihm Closure sealing means for jars, bottles, and the like
US2823422A (en) * 1950-11-08 1958-02-18 Continental Can Co Manufacture of closure seals having formed cushion pads therein
US2834498A (en) * 1957-02-13 1958-05-13 Crown Cork & Seal Co Crown with improved liner
US2840858A (en) * 1955-08-19 1958-07-01 Crown Cork & Seal Co Method of making closures
US2952035A (en) * 1953-10-16 1960-09-13 Anchor Hocking Glass Corp Apparatus for applying gaskets to closure caps
US3183144A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-05-11 Hoosier Crown Corp Method of making polyethylene seals
US3278985A (en) * 1965-06-25 1966-10-18 Gros Ite Industries Molding devices
US3300072A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-01-24 Hoosier Crown Corp Sealing of crown cap bottles
CH464721A (de) * 1966-10-26 1968-10-31 Ciba Geigy Behälterverschlusskappe mit Innendichtung
GB1384370A (en) * 1971-01-11 1975-02-19 United Glass Ltd Closures for containers

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2068389A (en) * 1931-09-21 1937-01-19 Anchor Cap & Closure Corp Closure cap and liner therefor
US2372177A (en) * 1942-01-05 1945-03-27 Colt S Mfg Co Article of manufacture and method of making the same
US3189209A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-06-15 Thatcher Glass Mfg Company Inc Closure for containers
US3844861A (en) * 1971-11-19 1974-10-29 Gilbreth Int Corp Method of forming a closure cap having a heat shrinkable tubular element thereover
JPS5026659U (fr) * 1973-06-30 1975-03-27
US4128184A (en) * 1978-05-15 1978-12-05 Northup John D Child-proof container and cap
JP2520398B2 (ja) * 1986-08-12 1996-07-31 シチズン時計株式会社 カラ−液晶パネル

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1486937A (en) * 1921-09-02 1924-03-18 Thomas L Taliaferro Method of making bottle closures
GB283447A (en) * 1927-09-26 1928-01-12 Robert Dale Carr Improvements relating to caps for collapsible tubes, scent sprays and the like
US2548305A (en) * 1945-07-26 1951-04-10 Gora Lee Corp Machine and method for making sealing closures
US2696318A (en) * 1950-03-27 1954-12-07 Georges Achille Kihm Closure sealing means for jars, bottles, and the like
US2688776A (en) * 1950-05-16 1954-09-14 Continental Can Co Art of making closure seals
US2654913A (en) * 1950-07-27 1953-10-13 Continental Can Co Art of making closure seals by molding and curing
US2684774A (en) * 1950-08-16 1954-07-27 Joseph J Mascuch Sealing closure for containers and method of producing same
US2823422A (en) * 1950-11-08 1958-02-18 Continental Can Co Manufacture of closure seals having formed cushion pads therein
US2952035A (en) * 1953-10-16 1960-09-13 Anchor Hocking Glass Corp Apparatus for applying gaskets to closure caps
US2840858A (en) * 1955-08-19 1958-07-01 Crown Cork & Seal Co Method of making closures
US2834498A (en) * 1957-02-13 1958-05-13 Crown Cork & Seal Co Crown with improved liner
US3183144A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-05-11 Hoosier Crown Corp Method of making polyethylene seals
US3278985A (en) * 1965-06-25 1966-10-18 Gros Ite Industries Molding devices
US3300072A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-01-24 Hoosier Crown Corp Sealing of crown cap bottles
CH464721A (de) * 1966-10-26 1968-10-31 Ciba Geigy Behälterverschlusskappe mit Innendichtung
GB1384370A (en) * 1971-01-11 1975-02-19 United Glass Ltd Closures for containers

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4497765A (en) * 1979-09-21 1985-02-05 H-C Industries, Inc. Process for making a closure
EP0094026A2 (fr) * 1982-05-06 1983-11-16 Anchor Hocking Corporation Fermeture inviolable pour boisson
EP0094026A3 (en) * 1982-05-06 1985-04-10 Anchor Hocking Corporation Tamperproof beverage closure
AU570408B2 (en) * 1982-05-06 1988-03-17 Anchor Hocking Corporation Moulded plastic cap with plastisol seal & tamperproof band
GB2120220A (en) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-30 Nat Plastics Ltd Container closure blank
GB2123393A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-02-01 Owens Illinois Inc Improvements in or relating to closures for containers
EP0219265A2 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-22 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture en matière plastique avec joint moulé pour un récipient
EP0219265A3 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1988-02-24 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture en matière plastique avec joint moulé pour un récipient
GB2235186A (en) * 1989-08-15 1991-02-27 Lawson Mardon Composite cap assembly
WO2003002421A1 (fr) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-09 Portola Packaging, Inc. Systeme de fermeture de bouteille
US6681947B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2004-01-27 Portola Packaging, Inc. Bottle cap having tear tab and sealing bead
US7281636B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2007-10-16 Portola Packaging, Inc. Bottle cap having tear tab and sealing bead

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR226863A1 (es) 1982-08-31
WO1981000838A1 (fr) 1981-04-02
JPS62122964A (ja) 1987-06-04
BR8008835A (pt) 1981-06-30
JPS6344627B2 (fr) 1988-09-06
JPS56501315A (fr) 1981-09-17
DE3070923D1 (en) 1985-09-05
EP0025991B1 (fr) 1985-07-31
MX151062A (es) 1984-09-19

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