EP0025394B2 - Composite compacting roll - Google Patents
Composite compacting roll Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0025394B2 EP0025394B2 EP80401261A EP80401261A EP0025394B2 EP 0025394 B2 EP0025394 B2 EP 0025394B2 EP 80401261 A EP80401261 A EP 80401261A EP 80401261 A EP80401261 A EP 80401261A EP 0025394 B2 EP0025394 B2 EP 0025394B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- shaft
- case
- outer layer
- shrinking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/16—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using pocketed rollers, e.g. two co-operating pocketed rollers
- B30B11/165—Roll constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2267/00—Roll parameters
- B21B2267/10—Roughness of roll surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cylinders used in particular in compacting machines or similar applications.
- the cells provided at the periphery of the cylinders have an essential role in the quality and regularity of compaction. Their excessive wear leads to a poor distribution of pressures and parasitic sliding which results in mechanical vibrations detrimental to the good behavior of the bearings. It is therefore essential that these cells have good strength and therefore that the cylinder tables themselves have excellent resistance.
- these cylinders are produced in composite form and consist of a shaft and a hooped ring.
- Such a design is economical because it allows the replacement of the only worn part, that is to say of the hoop, the shaft being able on the other hand to be reused indefinitely.
- the hooping leads to the tangential tensile stress of the ring being put so that notches can form from the cracks of thermal origin and lead to the breakage of the hoop.
- the structure of the envelope previously defined makes it possible to solve the problems of tangential tensile stress which appear during hooping and lead to notches which are formed from the cracks of thermal origin generated on the external surface of the hoop.
- the compression preload of the material A constituting the outer layer of the envelope makes it possible to compensate and beyond the tensile stress which will be generated during hooping of the composite envelope on the shaft and thus cancel the tendency to notch.
- FIG. single diagrammatically represents a cylinder according to the invention.
- a composite cylinder comprising a central shaft 1 on which is wrapped an envelope 2 itself constituted by two layers 3, 4 of materials A and B.
- the layer 3 has a thickness greater than 25 mm, the layer 4 a thickness greater than 35 mm, the thickness of the entire envelope being between 60 and 150 mm.
- the coefficients of expansion of the materials A are between 11.7 and 12.7 10 -6 mm / mm ° C.
- the choice of carbon content determines the quantity of carbide present in the structure of material A and is therefore conditioned by the intensity of the abrasion mechanisms involved when the cylinder is used. Furthermore, the choice of chromium content is conditioned by the intensity of the corrosion mechanisms and by the adaptation of the expansion coefficients of the two metals. Generally the coefficient of expansion decreases when the chromium content increases. The maximum chromium content is therefore limited by the appearance of residual austenite which has the double disadvantage of reducing the resistance to wear and increasing the coefficient of expansion. The maximum value of the chromium content also depends on the carbon content. The latter is limited to 3.5 so as to avoid hypereutectic structures which have greater fragility.
- the coefficients of expansion of the materials B are then between 13.5 and 14.2 10 -6 mm / mm ° C, significantly higher than those of materials A.
- this bimetallic envelope is put in compression preload and the pairs of materials A and B are chosen so that the value of this compression preload is at least equal to the tensile stress generated in the envelope during hooping on the shaft 1. This tensile stress is thus canceled so that the holding of material constituting the outer layer is significantly improved.
- this material a metal composition relatively rich in carbide which provides a particularly high resistance to abrasion, the chromium content being moreover sufficient to guarantee an excellent resistance with respect to the stresses of thermal origin.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne les cylindres utilisés notamment dans des machines à compacter ou applications analogues.The present invention relates to cylinders used in particular in compacting machines or similar applications.
On sait que de telles machines utilisent comme outils essentiels deux cylindres situés en vis à vis et dont la table de travail est couverte d'alvéoles dont la forme et la répartition sont déterminées en fonction de la nature du produit à compacter. Dans de telles machines, on part d'un produit brut en poudre ou formé d'un mélange du poudres de granulométrie variable que l'on presse entre les deux cylindres de façon à obtenir à la sortie une plaque qui se brise facilement en morceaux et que l'on peut granuler. Cette technique s'applique notamment à des engrais, des minerais enrichis, de la poudre de fer préréduite, etc...We know that such machines use as essential tools two cylinders located opposite and whose work table is covered with cells whose shape and distribution are determined according to the nature of the product to be compacted. In such machines, one starts from a raw product in powder or formed from a mixture of powders of variable particle size which is pressed between the two cylinders so as to obtain at the outlet a plate which breaks easily into pieces and that we can granulate. This technique is particularly applicable to fertilizers, enriched ores, pre-reduced iron powder, etc.
Les alvéoles prévus à la périphérie des cylindres ont un rôle essentiel dans la qualité et la régularité du compactage. Leur usure excessive conduit à une mauvaise répartition des pressions et à des glissements parasités qui ont pour conséquence des vibrations mécaniques préjudiciables à la bonne tenue des paliers. Il est donc essentiel que ces alvéoles aient une bonne tenue et par conséquent que les tables des cylindres aient elles-mêmes une excellente résistance.The cells provided at the periphery of the cylinders have an essential role in the quality and regularity of compaction. Their excessive wear leads to a poor distribution of pressures and parasitic sliding which results in mechanical vibrations detrimental to the good behavior of the bearings. It is therefore essential that these cells have good strength and therefore that the cylinder tables themselves have excellent resistance.
Ces conditions de travail sont parfois aggravées par le fait que les produits à compacter sont portés à haute température ce qui provoque des phénomènes de fatigue thermique se traduisant par un réseau de fissuration couvrant toute la surface de travail du cylindre.These working conditions are sometimes aggravated by the fact that the products to be compacted are brought to high temperature which causes thermal fatigue phenomena resulting in a cracking network covering the entire working surface of the cylinder.
Or, ces cylindres sont réalisés sous forme composite et constitués d'un arbre et d'un anneau frettés. Une telle conception est économique car elle permet le remplacement de la seule partie usée, c'est à dire de la frette, l'arbre pouvant par contre être réutilisé indéfiniment. Cependant, le frettage conduit à la mise sous contrainte de traction tangentielle de l'anneau de sorte que des entailles peuvent se former à partir des fissures d'origine thermique et aboutir au bris de la frette.However, these cylinders are produced in composite form and consist of a shaft and a hooped ring. Such a design is economical because it allows the replacement of the only worn part, that is to say of the hoop, the shaft being able on the other hand to be reused indefinitely. However, the hooping leads to the tangential tensile stress of the ring being put so that notches can form from the cracks of thermal origin and lead to the breakage of the hoop.
Ainsi l'article de la revue Iron and Steel Engineer, volume 54, n° 9, Septembre 1977, Y. Sekimoto: "Composite sleeved rolls reduce cost and improve productivity in H-beam mills", pages 64-69, ayant servi de base pour le préambule de la revendication, décrit l'utilisation pour des cylindres composites pour laminoires à poutrelles, d'une enveloppe composite obtenue par centrifugation et frettée sur un arbre, l'enveloppe composite comprenant une première couche externe d'un premier matériau A en alliage ferreux résistant à l'abrasion et une deuxième couche interne d'un second matériau B également en alliage ferreux, les matériaux de ces couches étant liés métallurgiquement entre aux préalablement au frettage. Aucune indication plus précise n'est cependant fournie quant à la nature des divers matériaux constituant l'enveloppe frettée.Thus the article from the review Iron and Steel Engineer, volume 54, n ° 9, September 1977, Y. Sekimoto: "Composite sleeved rolls reduce cost and improve productivity in H-beam mills", pages 64-69, having served as basis for the preamble of claim, describes the use for composite cylinders for beam rolling mills, of a composite envelope obtained by centrifugation and hooped on a shaft, the composite envelope comprising a first external layer of a first material A made of abrasion-resistant ferrous alloy and a second internal layer of a second material B also made of ferrous alloy, the materials of these layers being metallurgically bonded to them before shrinking. No more precise indication is provided as to the nature of the various materials constituting the hooped envelope.
Lors de la fabrication de cylindres pour compactage, on doit également tenir compte d'un autre facteur qui est celui de la résistance à l'abrasion et de la résistance aux chocs. Pour résister à l'abrasion, il est souhaitable que la phase carbure soit abondante ce qui va cependant à l'encontre des objectifs recherchés dans le frettage.Another factor to be taken into account in the manufacture of cylinders for compaction is that of abrasion resistance and impact resistance. To resist abrasion, it is desirable for the carbide phase to be abundant, which however goes against the objectives sought in hooping.
Il y a donc une difficulté et le but de cette invention est de réaliser un cylindre pour machine à compacter ou applications analogues qui offre des caractéristiques de tenue et de résistance très sensiblement améliorées par rapport aux cylindres connus.There is therefore a difficulty and the aim of this invention is to produce a cylinder for a compacting machine or similar applications which offers characteristics of resistance and resistance which are very significantly improved compared to known cylinders.
L'invention a donc pour objet un cylindre composite comprenant un arbre et une enveloppe (2), elle-même composite réalisée par centrifugation et frettée sur cet arbre, la dite enveloppe (2) comprenant une première couche externe (3) d'un premier matériau A en alliage ferreux résistant à l'abrasion et une deuxième couche interne (4) d'un second matériau B également en alliage ferreux, les matériaux de ces couches étant liés métallurgiquement entre eux, préalablement au frettage, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre composite est un cylindre de compactage dont la couche externe (3) comporte des alvéoles (5), la couche externe (3) a une épaisseur supérieure à 25 mm, la couche interne (4) a une épaisseur supérieure à 35 mm, l'épaisseur totale de l'enveloppe étant comprise entre 60 et 150 mm, et en ce que le second matériau B possède un coefficient de dilatation linéaire supérieur à celui du matériau A de façon à placer le matériau A en précontrainte de compression préalablement au frettage, la valeur de cette précontrainte de compression étant au moins égale à la contrainte de traction engendrée lors du frettage de l'enveloppe composite sur l'arbre, le matériau A étant choisi dans le groupe comprenant:
- a - une fonte à haute teneur en chrome et en carbone ayant la composition suivante:
- b - ou bien un acier à haute teneur en chrome ayant la composition suivante:
- le matériau B étant choisi dans le groupe comprenant:
- a - de la fonte modulaire type GS.70.2 ayant la composition suivante:
- b - ou bien un acier de type XC 40 à XC 70 normalisé revenu.
- a - a cast iron with a high chromium and carbon content having the following composition:
- b - or else a steel with a high chromium content having the following composition:
- the material B being chosen from the group comprising:
- a - GS.70.2 type modular cast iron with the following composition:
- b - or a type XC 40 to XC 70 normalized tempered steel.
La structure de l'enveloppe précédemment définie permet de résoudre les problèmes de contrainte de traction tangentielle qui apparaissent lors du frettage et conduisent à des entailles qui se forment à partir des fissures d'origine thermique engendrées sur la surface extérieure de la frette. En effet, la mise en précontrainte de compression du matériau A constituant la couche externe de l'enveloppe permet de compenser et au-delà la contrainte de traction qui sera engendrée lors du frettage de l'enveloppe composite sur l'arbre et ainsi d'annuler la tendance à la formation d'entailles.The structure of the envelope previously defined makes it possible to solve the problems of tangential tensile stress which appear during hooping and lead to notches which are formed from the cracks of thermal origin generated on the external surface of the hoop. Indeed, the compression preload of the material A constituting the outer layer of the envelope makes it possible to compensate and beyond the tensile stress which will be generated during hooping of the composite envelope on the shaft and thus cancel the tendency to notch.
Cette structure particulière due au choix des coefficients de dilatation linéaire respectifs des matériaux A et B constitue l'aspect essentiel de la présente invention qui n'est nullement suggéré dans la technique antérieure.This particular structure due to the choice of the respective linear expansion coefficients of the materials A and B constitutes the essential aspect of the present invention which is in no way suggested in the prior art.
L'invention va être décrite plus en détail ci-dessous en se référant au dessin annexé donné à titre d'exemple et dont la Fig. unique représente de façon schématique un cylindre suivant l'invention.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing given by way of example and of which FIG. single diagrammatically represents a cylinder according to the invention.
On voit sur cette Fig. un cylindre composite comprenant un arbre central 1 sur lequel est frettée une enveloppe 2 elle-même constituée par deux couches 3, 4 de matériaux A et B. La couche 3 a une épaisseur supérieure à 25 mm, la couche 4 une épaisseur supérieure à 35 mm, l'épaisseur de l'ensemble de l'enveloppe étant comprise entre 60 et 150 mm.We see in this Fig. a composite cylinder comprising a central shaft 1 on which is wrapped an envelope 2 itself constituted by two
Cette enveloppe est réalisée par centrifugation. La couche externe du matériau A, qui assure les fonctions de résistance à l'usure et de résistance à la fatigue thermique et comporte des alvéoles 5, est choisie de façon à répondre au mieux à cette fonction. C'est ainsi que l'on utilise pour le matériau A:
- a - une fonte à haute teneur en chrome et en carbone ayant la composition suivante:
- b - ou bien un acier à haute teneur en chrome ayant la composition suivante:
- a - a cast iron with a high chromium and carbon content having the following composition:
- b - or else a steel with a high chromium content having the following composition:
Les coefficients de dilatation des matériaux A sont compris entre 11,7 et 12,7 10-6 mm/mm°C.The coefficients of expansion of the materials A are between 11.7 and 12.7 10 -6 mm / mm ° C.
Le choix de la teneur en carbone détermine la quantité de carbure présente dans la structure du matériau A et est donc conditionné par l'intensité des mécanismes d'abrasion mis en jeu lors de l'utilisation du cylindre. Par ailleurs, le choix de la teneur en chrome est conditionné par l'intensité des mécanismes de corrosion et par l'adaptation des coefficients de dilatation des deux métaux. D'une façon générale le coefficient de dilatation diminue quand la teneur en chrome augmente. La teneur maximale en chrome est donc limitée par l'apparition de l'austénite résiduelle qui présente le double inconvénient de diminuer la résistance à l'usure et d'augmenter le coefficient de dilatation. La valeur maximale de la teneur en chrome dépend également de la teneur en carbone. Cette dernière est limitée à 3,5 de façon à éviter les structures hypereutectiques qui présentent une plus grande fragilité.The choice of carbon content determines the quantity of carbide present in the structure of material A and is therefore conditioned by the intensity of the abrasion mechanisms involved when the cylinder is used. Furthermore, the choice of chromium content is conditioned by the intensity of the corrosion mechanisms and by the adaptation of the expansion coefficients of the two metals. Generally the coefficient of expansion decreases when the chromium content increases. The maximum chromium content is therefore limited by the appearance of residual austenite which has the double disadvantage of reducing the resistance to wear and increasing the coefficient of expansion. The maximum value of the chromium content also depends on the carbon content. The latter is limited to 3.5 so as to avoid hypereutectic structures which have greater fragility.
Le matériau B de la couche interne est lié métallurgiquement au matériau A et présente un coefficient de dilatation linéaire supérieur à celui du matériau A. Ce matériau possède essentiellement des propriétés d'élasticité et de résilience et est constitué par:
- a - de la fonte nodulaire type GS. 70.2 ayant la composition suivante:
- b - ou bien un acier de type XC 40 à XC 70 normalisé revenu.
- a - nodular cast iron type GS. 70.2 having the following composition:
- b - or a type XC 40 to XC 70 normalized tempered steel.
Les coefficients de dilatation des matériaux B sont alors compris entre 13,5 et 14,2 10-6 mm/mm°C, soit sensiblement supérieurs à ceux des matériaux A.The coefficients of expansion of the materials B are then between 13.5 and 14.2 10 -6 mm / mm ° C, significantly higher than those of materials A.
Lors de la fabrication de cette enveloppe bimétallique, la couche externe est mise en précontrainte de compression et les couples de matériaux A et B sont choisis de façon que la valeur de cette précontrainte de compression soit au moins égale à la contrainte de traction engendrée dans l'enveloppe lors du frettage sur l'arbre 1. Cette contrainte de traction se trouve ainsi annulée de sorte que la tenue de matériau constituant la couche externe est sensiblement améliorée. On peut ainsi choisir pour ce matériau une composition de métal relativement riche en carbure qui procure une résistance particulièrement élevée à l'abrasion, la teneur en chrome étant par ailleurs suffisante pour garantir une excellente tenue vis à vis des contraintes d'origine thermique.During the manufacture of this bimetallic envelope, the outer layer is put in compression preload and the pairs of materials A and B are chosen so that the value of this compression preload is at least equal to the tensile stress generated in the envelope during hooping on the shaft 1. This tensile stress is thus canceled so that the holding of material constituting the outer layer is significantly improved. One can thus choose for this material a metal composition relatively rich in carbide which provides a particularly high resistance to abrasion, the chromium content being moreover sufficient to guarantee an excellent resistance with respect to the stresses of thermal origin.
On voit donc que la structure du cylindre selon l'invention et son procédé de fabrication, alliant la coulée par centrifugation et le frettage, permettent de façon suprenante de concilier des impératifs a priori opposés ou supposés tels dans la technique antérieure.It can therefore be seen that the structure of the cylinder according to the invention and its manufacturing process, combining centrifugal casting and shrinking, surprisingly make it possible to reconcile imperatives which are a priori opposed or supposed to be such in the prior art.
Claims (2)
- Composite cylinder comprising a shaft and a case (2), which is itself composite and produced by centrifuging and which is shrunk onto said shaft, said case (2) comprising a first outer layer (3) of a first material A consisting of an abrasion-resistant ferrous alloy and a second inner layer (4) of a second material B also of a ferrous alloy, the materials of said layers being metallurgically bonded together prior to shrinking, characterized in that the composite cylinder is a compacting cylinder, whose outer layer (3) has cavities (5), the outer layer (3) has a thickness exceeding 25 mm, the inner layer (4) has a thickness exceeding 35 mm, the total case thickness being between 60 and 150 mm and in that the second material B has a linear expansion coefficient higher than that of material A, so as to place the material A under compressive prestress prior to shrinking, the value of said compressive prestress being at least equal to the tensile stress produced during the shrinking of the composite case onto the shaft, material A being chosen from the group including:a - an iron with a high chromium and carbon content with the following composition:
b - or a steel with a high chromium content having the following composition:
a - nodular iron of type GS 70-2 with the following composition:
b - or a steel of type XC 40 to XC 70, which has been normalized and tempered.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT80401261T ATE6230T1 (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-09-04 | LINKING ROLLER FOR COMPACTING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7922444A FR2464741A1 (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1979-09-07 | COMPACTION COMPOSITE CYLINDER |
| FR7922444 | 1979-09-07 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0025394A1 EP0025394A1 (en) | 1981-03-18 |
| EP0025394B1 EP0025394B1 (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| EP0025394B2 true EP0025394B2 (en) | 1989-09-13 |
Family
ID=9229465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80401261A Expired EP0025394B2 (en) | 1979-09-07 | 1980-09-04 | Composite compacting roll |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0025394B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE6230T1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE885101A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH640177A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3066603D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8105582A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2464741A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1147774B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82749A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX154296A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA805519B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022174186A1 (en) * | 2021-02-15 | 2022-08-18 | The Mosaic Company | Compaction of potash into briquettes |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU85578A1 (en) * | 1984-10-08 | 1986-06-11 | Marichal Ketin & Cie | LAYOUT OF THE LAST FINISHING CAGES OF A HOT STRIP TRAIN |
| FR2578768B1 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1988-05-06 | C3F Comp Franc Forges Fond | CONTINUOUS CASTING ROLLER BRAKES |
| DE9007179U1 (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1990-08-30 | Maschinenfabrik Köppern GmbH & Co KG, 4320 Hattingen | Sponge iron briquette press |
| KR20170133375A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2017-12-05 | 후지코 가부시키가이샤 | Briquette roll and its manufacturing method |
| CN109534937B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2023-06-30 | 福建兵工装备有限公司 | Device and method for pressing powder column |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1946623B1 (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1971-06-24 | Gontermann Peipers Gmbh | USE OF A HIGH CHROME ALLOY IRON ALLOY AS A MATERIAL FOR ROLLING MILL ROLLS |
| US3775820A (en) * | 1972-07-05 | 1973-12-04 | Kg Ind Inc | Compacting roll structure and method |
| JPS5613539B2 (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1981-03-28 |
-
1979
- 1979-09-07 FR FR7922444A patent/FR2464741A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-09-04 AT AT80401261T patent/ATE6230T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-04 LU LU82749A patent/LU82749A1/en unknown
- 1980-09-04 EP EP80401261A patent/EP0025394B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-04 DE DE8080401261T patent/DE3066603D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-05 CH CH668580A patent/CH640177A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-05 BE BE0/201996A patent/BE885101A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-05 IT IT68385/80A patent/IT1147774B/en active
- 1980-09-05 MX MX183828A patent/MX154296A/en unknown
- 1980-09-05 ES ES495071A patent/ES8105582A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-08 ZA ZA00805519A patent/ZA805519B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022174186A1 (en) * | 2021-02-15 | 2022-08-18 | The Mosaic Company | Compaction of potash into briquettes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX154296A (en) | 1987-06-29 |
| IT1147774B (en) | 1986-11-26 |
| ES495071A0 (en) | 1981-06-16 |
| DE3066603D1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
| ATE6230T1 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| EP0025394B1 (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| ZA805519B (en) | 1981-09-30 |
| EP0025394A1 (en) | 1981-03-18 |
| IT8068385A0 (en) | 1980-09-05 |
| CH640177A5 (en) | 1983-12-30 |
| LU82749A1 (en) | 1980-12-15 |
| FR2464741B1 (en) | 1983-06-24 |
| FR2464741A1 (en) | 1981-03-20 |
| BE885101A (en) | 1981-03-05 |
| ES8105582A1 (en) | 1981-06-16 |
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