EP0024637A1 - Process for operating a change-over valve for supplying a nozzle in steel-producing convertor - Google Patents
Process for operating a change-over valve for supplying a nozzle in steel-producing convertor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0024637A1 EP0024637A1 EP80104793A EP80104793A EP0024637A1 EP 0024637 A1 EP0024637 A1 EP 0024637A1 EP 80104793 A EP80104793 A EP 80104793A EP 80104793 A EP80104793 A EP 80104793A EP 0024637 A1 EP0024637 A1 EP 0024637A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- fuel
- nozzle
- section
- opening cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/36—Moving parts inside the gasification reactor not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0943—Coke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, such as coal and coke powder, which are suspended in a carrier medium, and oxygen into an iron melt below the iron bath surface through nozzles arranged in the refractory masonry of the treatment vessel.
- fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels such as coal and coke powder
- lances are used for blowing in, the outlet openings of which are guided close to the surface of the bath, so that the solids get into the melt with the exit impulse, or the lances are immersed in the iron bath.
- nozzle arrangements are known which are located below the bath surface in the refractory masonry, through which solids suspended in carrier gases are fed to the melt.
- German Auslegeschrift 23 16 768 describes, for example, a method and an apparatus for fresh iron, in which oxygen and fine lime are added through nozzles arranged below the bath surface and solid carbon carriers are added to the melt through further nozzles.
- a nozzle can also be provided with a plurality of openings, one opening being charged with carrier gas and carbon or fine ore and another opening with fresh gas and fine lime.
- the German patent 2 4 0 1 54o deals with egg process for melting iron sponge.
- the reactants namely oxygen, dust-like carbon and fine-grained sponge iron
- the nozzle has several feed channels, e.g. B. flow in the inner oxygen, in the middle carbon and in the outer sponge iron.
- Carbon and sponge iron are suspended in a suitable carrier gas, such as carbon monoxide.
- German patent specification 25 2o 883 describes a method and a device for the continuous gasification of coal.
- the reactants preferably fine-grained coal and oxygen
- the reactants are fed to the iron bath through nozzles below the bath surface, which are arranged in the refractory lining and thus wear out in unison.
- Inert gas, nitrogen, CO 2 and water vapor come into consideration as the conveying gas for the carbon.
- the reactants can be passed through a multi-channel nozzle, preferably from concentric tubes. For the first time, the possibility is mentioned that the reactants oxygen and coal can be mixed within the nozzle shortly before the nozzle mouth.
- German Offenlegungsschrift 27 23 857 relates to a method and an apparatus for steel production.
- Solid, carbon-containing material is led into the melt below the surface and an oxidizing gas is introduced into the vessel.
- the carbonaceous material is blown through blowpipes using a carrier gas.
- the carrier gas can be a reducing, oxidizing or inert gas.
- the oxygen is normally supplied to the metallurgical vessel via a water-cooled lance. However, it is it is also possible to supply the oxygen by blowing tube injection or by injection using a submerged lance.
- blowpipes are used to inject oxygen and / or solid, carbon-shaped materials
- the blowpipes can consist of two or more concentric tubes and have a circular liquid shield that surrounds the primary injection tube.
- This shielding fluid may be an inert gas or a liquid, e.g., hydrocarbon gas or a liquid, or an oxidizing gas or a liquid, and the fluid may be chosen to minimize wear on the liner and blowpipes to minimize to prevent blockage of the blowpipes.
- the blowpipes can be designed so that they can supply both oxidizing gas and solid, carbon-containing material. " Then, in specific embodiment 1, it is said that particulate graphite was blown in at a rate of 3.5 kg / min for 17 minutes.
- blowpipes used to inject carbon had a circular cross section and were charged as follows: shielding gas: air at a rate of 7 m 3 / h; Carrier gas: argon at a rate of 30 m 3 / h.
- the blow tube core diameter was 7 mm with an annular gap of 1 mm.
- a common feature of the known processes for introducing carbon-containing fuels into an iron melt is that the finely divided solids are suspended in a carrier gas and fed separately from the oxygen to the melt by their own feed channels. These feed channels are adapted in cross-section to the flow rate and accordingly small, z. B. the diameter of said blow pipe is 7 mm. With the decreasing conveyor cross, the risk of constipation increases. Mainly if finely divided fuels with different grain sizes and fluctuations in the grain size distribution are used at high loading rates from solids to carrier gas for economic reasons, there is a risk of grafting, which leads to blockages in narrow delivery lines.
- Another difficulty with the known induction methods is to keep the feed channels clear in periods without fuel delivery, e.g. B. when finishing a molten steel, if you set the desired low final carbon content.
- the carrier gas usually flows through the feed channels without solid loading in order to prevent melt from penetrating into the nozzles.
- the carrier gas extracts heat from the melt and, depending on the type of gas, can continue to have an adverse effect on the steel composition, e.g. B. by increased nitrogen levels in the finished steel.
- inlet nozzles for carbon-containing fuels over long periods, e.g. B. when operating an iron bath reactor for gas generation over several months and in steel production via a converter journey of about 1,000 batches, reliable and trouble-free to operate, since every repair, eg. B. when a nozzle clogs, as a loss of production time and thus economically very disadvantageous.
- the invention is accordingly based on the object of providing a method and a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, such as coal and coke powder, into an iron smelt, in which The reliable, trouble-free addition of fuels below the surface of the bath is guaranteed over long periods, clogging of the nozzles is avoided and the nozzles are kept free during fuel-free operating periods.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that fuel and oxygen are fed alternately through the same inlet duct to the nozzle.
- the invention relates to a method for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, which are suspended in a carrier gas, and oxygen into an iron melt below the surface of the iron bath through nozzles arranged in the refractory masonry of the treatment vessel, which is characterized in that fuel and oxygen alternate through the same inlet channel of the nozzle.
- the invention further relates to a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, which are suspended in a carrier gas, and oxygen into a molten iron, which is characterized in that a displaceable valve body is arranged in a housing with a fuel supply line, an oxygen supply line and a nozzle tube which releases the fuel opening cross section or the oxygen opening cross section and which is controlled by the oxygen supply line pressure.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by high operational reliability and the inlet nozzles for finely divided, carbon-containing fuels below the bath surface do not become clogged.
- the delivery rate is reduced, is switched from fuel delivery to oxygen for a short time and thus the nozzle channel is blown free. Formations at the nozzle mouth, which often form the starting point for blockages, are burned off by the oxygen flow.
- the shortest oxygen blowing times are sufficient, for example from 0.1 to about 2 minutes.
- the oxygen blowing times can be varied as desired and, in particular, can be extended longer before the supply of fuel and carrier medium is started again.
- the change from fuel to oxygen can occur several times in short succession. This procedure is particularly useful if the oxygen blowing times are to be short. As soon as the fuel delivery runs smoothly again after a brief burst of oxygen of, for example, 10 seconds, there is no need for further oxygen addition. Otherwise, the short-term addition of oxygen can be repeated a corresponding number of times.
- the switchover of oxygen bubbles to the suspension conveyance takes place almost without inertia by means of corresponding switchover devices which are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle mounting flanges, in any case directly on the bottom of the treatment vessels, for example an iron bath reactor or a converter for steelmaking.
- a simple form of the inlet nozzle for the suspension of finely divided, carbon-containing fuel and a carrier medium on the one hand and oxygen on the other hand consists of two concentric tubes, the fuel and alternately the oxygen flowing through the central tube.
- the annular gap, formed from the central tube and the second concentric tube, for protecting the nozzle against premature burning back, is charged with, for example, 0.5 to 5% by weight of gaseous and / or liquid hydrocarbons, based on the oxygen.
- This nozzle is usually installed in the fireproof masonry below the bath surface and burns back evenly with the lining.
- the risk of nozzle clogging when introducing carbon-containing, pulverized fuels into a molten iron is practically excluded, and for this reason the installation of the blow cross section actually required is sufficient to introduce the suspension, i. H. there is no need to install additional fuel injectors for safety reasons.
- additional fuel injectors for safety reasons.
- a converter that works according to the oxygen blow-through method it has proven entirely sufficient to convert only two of the ten oxygen inlet nozzles present in the converter base for the addition of fine-particle coal or coke.
- an iron melt of about 65 t can be fed with about 2ooo kg of coal dust within 10 minutes.
- Nitrogen is used as the carrier medium, for example, and the loading rate is about 12 kg of coal dust / Nm nitrogen.
- the addition of fuel serves to increase the heat balance in order to increase the scrap melting capacity in steel production.
- feed pipes of 1o mm inside diameter are installed in the center of the ten oxygen inlet nozzles mentioned in each nozzle as a delivery channel for the fuel-carrier gas suspension.
- the oxygen injection nozzles themselves, as usual, are made up of two concentric tubes, in which the inner tube with a clear diameter of 24 mm is used to supply oxygen or oxygen and lime dust.
- the arrangement of the fuel supply channels in the oxygen tube has been found to be disadvantageous for several reasons.
- the installation and supply of the ten fuel inlet pipes is procedurally complex, but is necessary with this fuel inlet method, in order to avoid malfunctions in individual supply channels, e.g. B.
- Blockages to keep a sufficient delivery cross-section for the carbon-containing fuels operational Blockages on individual fuel introduction channels occurred in almost every batch. Furthermore, it turned out to be particularly unfavorable to have to keep these channels clear with carrier gas if the fuel delivery is stopped towards the end of the cycle.
- the nitrogen used to fuel the fuel led to undesirably high nitrogen contents in the molten steel.
- Other carrier gases, such as argon or methane, are expensive compared to nitrogen and also require costly installations for another medium on the converter system. Nitrogen is usually available on an oxygen blow-through converter.
- carrier gas blowing without fuel loading leads to a deterioration in the heat balance in steel production. The heat for heating the carrier gas is lost as energy for melting the scrap.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to further increase the operational safety of an iron bath reactor for the continuous gasification of coal, as is described in German specification 2,508,883.
- an iron bath reactor large amounts of coal become gas, essentially consisting of CO and H 2 , implemented.
- the reactants coal dust and oxygen are normally added through nozzles consisting of several concentric tubes which are arranged below the surface of the iron bath.
- the suspension of finely divided coal and a conveying gas, for example CH 4 flows through the central tube, oxygen flows through the annular gap around the central tube and the nozzle protection medium, for example natural gas, through a further annular gap.
- a particularly advantageous application of the invention consists in combining it with the method for supplying heat during steel production in the converter, described in German patent application P 28 38 983.5.
- heat is added to the melt by carbon-containing fuels during steel production in the converter and, in particular, these fuels are used in the melt with a previously unattainable high thermal efficiency, thus considerably increasing the economic melting of solid iron carriers, for example scrap, right up to steel production without molten pig iron.
- the oxygen for freshening up the melt and for burning the fuels is simultaneously used as gas jets directed at the bath surface and below the bath surface initiated in the converter.
- coke, brown coal coke, graphite, coal of various qualities and mixtures thereof are used as carbon-containing fuels.
- These carbon-containing fuels are preferably introduced in powder form below the bath surface into the iron melt of the converter together with a carrier gas.
- Nitrogen, CO, CH 4 or natural gas and inert gas, for example argon, have proven suitable as carrier gases.
- the suspension of carbon-containing fuels and a carrier gas can also be supplied via one or more nozzles in an oxygen blow-through converter, the inlet pipe of individual nozzles being charged with the suspension of fuel and carrier gas instead of oxygen.
- the method according to the present invention now overcomes the disadvantages which still exist hitherto in the known supply of finely divided, carbon-containing fuels into an iron or steel melt, as they also adhere to the otherwise very advantageous process of supplying heat according to German patent application P 28 38'983.5.
- the finished fresh phase i.e. the period without fuel introduction, means a correspondingly higher blowing cross-section for the Oxygen available. This shortens this fresh phase, which in turn results in a reduced overall fresh time, which means a profit for steel production.
- the method and the device according to the invention are suitable for introducing a wide variety of fine-grained fuels, for example coal of different quality, coke, brown coal coke, graphite, refinery residues and mixtures of these fuels.
- the fuels are supplied in powdered or granular form, whereby the grain size and grain size distribution can be varied within wide limits.
- Inert gases such as argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons such as methane, natural gas and water vapor are particularly suitable as carrier gas.
- the method and the device according to the invention are not limited to the introduction of oxygen, but are also suitable for the introduction of other gases containing oxygen, in particular air, and mixtures of oxygen and other gases, in particular oxygen with argon.
- only a part of the total number of nozzles which are arranged below the iron bath surface in a treatment vessel are used as inlet nozzles for the carbon-containing fuels.
- Fuel and oxygen can be passed alternately through the same inlet channel of the nozzle.
- the freshening process is finished, and after a subsequent corrective blowing of about 2 minutes, the molten steel with a composition of about 0.2% carbon, 0.1% manganese, 0.025% phosphorus, 0.02% sulfur and one Temperature of 167o ° C.
- the total batch follow-up time is about 40 minutes.
- the melt has 46oo Nm 3 oxygen, 100 Nm 3 Propane for nozzle protection, 15o 1 oil for two-minute scrap preheating and 2ooo kg coke added.
- the tapping weight of the finished batch is 64 t.
- the method of operation explained, for example can be modified in a variety of ways, in particular as regards the supply of the finely divided, carbon-containing fuels.
- the fuel supply can be briefly interrupted and oxygen can be blown through the fuel introduction channel.
- the method according to the invention in which a change from fuel to oxygen and vice versa takes place in the same nozzle channel, can also be applied to other processes in which carbon-containing fuels are introduced into an iron melt.
- the device according to the invention for alternately introducing finely divided, carbon-containing fuels and oxygen is explained in more detail below.
- the existing pressure in the oxygen supply system i. H. the oxygen admission pressure, which is usually in the order of 20 bar, serves to switch the valve.
- the oxygen admission pressure is reduced in the valve itself to the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle.
- the moving valve body only opens the oxygen opening cross-section for the nozzle when oxygen pressure is present.
- the oxygen supply pressure is reduced by a certain amount, which can be adjusted via a spring, from 0.5 to 10 bar, preferably 2 bar, above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle, only the fuel opening cross section to the nozzle is released.
- the changeover valve according to the invention is located in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle on the converter, preferably between the converter axis of rotation and the nozzle, in particular in a structural unit with the nozzle yourself, assembled.
- the changeover valve is preferably attached directly to the mounting flange of the nozzle.
- the proven double-tube nozzles with protective medium sheathing are normally used as nozzles.
- the oxygen usually flows through the central tube.
- the changeover valve according to the invention allows alternating oxygen or fuel through this nozzle channel, ie. H. in this case the central nozzle pipe, to conduct and switch as often as required from fuel to oxygen.
- a protective medium flows through the annular gap between the inner and a second outer nozzle tube.
- Gases and / or liquids can be used as a protective medium. Hydrocarbons such as methane, natural gas, propane, butane, light heating oil and other types of oil are preferred. The proportion of hydrocarbons, based on the oxygen throughput, is low and is between 1 and 5% by weight.
- the use of the changeover valve according to the invention is not restricted to this type of nozzle, but rather can be used for each inlet nozzle in the converter area for switching over oxygen-containing media to fuels and / or pneumatically conveyable goods.
- the switching valve can e.g. B. in connection with the so-called called ring slot nozzle can be used according to German Patent 2,438,142.
- a preferred application of the switching valve according to the invention is to use certain double tube nozzles, e.g. B. two out of a total of ten, which are installed in the converter floor of an oxygen blow-through converter, for a short time with oxygen, then for a longer period of time, for example 8 minutes, with a suspension of powdered, carbon-containing fuels and a carrier gas and then against freshness, for example 5 min to supply oxygen again.
- a suspension of powdered, carbon-containing fuels and a carrier gas and then against freshness, for example 5 min to supply oxygen again.
- carbonaceous fuels coke, brown coal coke, graphite, coal of various qualities and mixtures thereof have been found in the finely divided state of proven up to about 1 mm grain size.
- the changeover valves have proven to be extremely reliable, for example, the valves could be used over 100,000 batches in the described mode of operation without interference.
- Pneumatically or electrically controllable valves for medium switching are common and are widely used.
- the known valves for reversing require an additional line for the control medium.
- difficulties arise because of the relatively high ambient temperature of up to 300 ° C. and, moreover, due to the need to supply a further control line. These lines must be brought to the converter via a rotating union in the converter pivot.
- the oxygen pressure in the valve acts on a movable valve body, which closes the fuel opening cross-section to the changeover valve in a gas-tight manner. In this position of the movable valve body, only oxygen can reach the nozzle channel through the oxygen opening cross section.
- the oxygen opening cross-section is dimensioned such that it acts as a throttle element and reduces the oxygen admission pressure to the oxygen nozzle pressure. This reduction in pressure, for example from 20 bar upstream pressure to 4 bar nozzle pressure, also determines the cross-section of the oxygen opening and the amount of oxygen flow.
- the oxygen opening cross-section is fixed at the changeover valve. However, this setting can be changed relatively easily according to the desired pressure conditions.
- the changeover valve switches over with the help of the movable valve body.
- the oxygen opening cross section is closed gas-tight and the fuel opening cross section is released.
- the pressure difference between the oxygen pressure, e.g. B. 2o bar, and the oxygen pressure reduction, in which the switching process is triggered, is via a spring in the valve by a value between 0.5 to 10 bar, preferably 2 bar, above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle, for example 4th bar, fixed in the changeover valve and is consequently, for example, 6 bar.
- This triggering of the switching process by means of a pressure difference above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle which can be selected within the specified limits of 0.5 to 10 bar has the advantage that, with slow pressure reduction in the oxygen pre-pressure line, no intermediate position or fluttering of the movable valve body occurs, in which both oxygen and Fuel can get into the nozzle channel at the same time.
- the oxygen supply line is preferably connected to a valve chamber which has a boundary wall which permits a change in length of the valve chamber under oxygen gas pressure, the displaceable end of the valve chamber is connected to a double-acting valve body which monitors the fuel opening cross section on the one hand and the oxygen opening cross section on the other hand, and the valve body is so preloaded that the oxygen opening cross section is closed.
- the preloading of the valve body can be effected by a spring or by means having the same effect, such as a pneumatic pre-pressure.
- the valve body is preferably arranged coaxially in the fuel supply line.
- the boundary wall is preferably formed by a bellows.
- the parts of the device through which oxygen flows are preferably sealed gas-tight against the parts through which fuel flows.
- a throttle element is preferably provided, which determines the cross section of the oxygen opening.
- the device according to the invention is now based on egg ner exemplary embodiment explained with reference to the drawing.
- the figure shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the changeover valve according to the invention.
- the changeover valve comprises a stationary housing 1 (shown hatched), with an oxygen feed line 3, in which the oxygen pressure prevails when oxygen is supplied to the nozzle tube 4.
- the movable valve body 5 In the position of the movable valve body 5 (shown hatched) there is no oxygen pressure, and the fuel opening cross section 6 is released, so that the fuel, for example a carbon / nitrogen suspension, can pass from the fuel line 7 to the nozzle line 4.
- the conveying gas serves as a conveying gas for the pulverized carbon, e.g. B. coke, nitrogen or inert gas, e.g. B. Argon.
- the conveying gas has a pressure of about 3 bar without a load and a pressure of about 12 bar with a full load of 17 kg of carbon per Nm 3 .
- the movable valve body 5 moves in the direction of the fuel supply line 7 and closes the fuel opening cross section 6 by the sealing means 8 in cooperation with the contact surface 9.
- the oxygen opening cross section 1 0 is released and oxygen flows into the nozzle tube 4.
- the oxygen opening cross section 1o can correspond through different bore diameters 1o in the perforated disk of the throttle element 11 be set accordingly.
- the movable valve body 5 moves back into the position shown and releases the fuel opening cross section 6 .
- the pressure difference for triggering the switching process is set in the described embodiment by the spring force of the spring 13.
Abstract
Es werden eine Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten feinteiliger, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe, die in einem Trägergas suspendiert sind, und Sauerstoff in eine Eisenschmelze beschrieben. Bei dem Verfahren können Brennstoff und Sauerstoff im Wechsel durch den gleichen Einleitungskanal einer Düse in eine Eisenschmelze unterhalb der Eisenbadoberfläche eingeleitet werden. Die Vorrichtung gestattet die wechselweise Zuführung von Brennstoff oder Sauerstoff und wird durch den Sauerstoffleitungsdruck gesteuert.A method and a device for introducing finely divided, carbon-containing fuels, which are suspended in a carrier gas, and oxygen into a molten iron are described. In the process, fuel and oxygen can be introduced alternately through the same inlet channel of a nozzle into an iron melt below the surface of the iron bath. The device allows the alternate supply of fuel or oxygen and is controlled by the oxygen line pressure.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten feinkörniger, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe, wie Kohle- und Kokspulver, die in einem Trägermedium suspendiert sind, und Sauerstoff in eine Eisenschmelze unterhalb der Eisenbadoberfläche durch im feuerfesten Mauerwerk des Behandlungsgefäßes angeordnet Düsen.The invention relates to a method and a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, such as coal and coke powder, which are suspended in a carrier medium, and oxygen into an iron melt below the iron bath surface through nozzles arranged in the refractory masonry of the treatment vessel.
Verfahren, um pulverisierte oder gekörnte Feststoffe mit einem Trägergas in eine Eisenschmelze einzuführen, sind bekannt. Beispielsweise werden zum Einblasen Lanzen verwendet, deren Austrittsöffnungen bis nahe an die Badoberfläche geführt werden, so daß die Feststoffe mit dem Austrittsimpuls in die Schmelze gelangen, oder die Lanzen tauchen in das Eisenbad ein.Methods for introducing pulverized or granular solids into a molten iron with a carrier gas are known. For example, lances are used for blowing in, the outlet openings of which are guided close to the surface of the bath, so that the solids get into the melt with the exit impulse, or the lances are immersed in the iron bath.
Weiterhin sind Düsenanordnungen bekannt, die sich unterhalb der Badoberfläche im feuerfesten Mauerwerk befinden, durch die der Schmelze in Trägergasen suspendierte Feststoffe zugeführt werden.Furthermore, nozzle arrangements are known which are located below the bath surface in the refractory masonry, through which solids suspended in carrier gases are fed to the melt.
Die deutsche Auslegeschrift 23 16 768 beschreibt beispielsweise ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Frischen von Roheisen, bei dem durch unterhalb der Badoberfläche angeordnete Düsen Sauerstoff und Feinkalk und durch weitere Düsen feste Kohlenstoffträger der Schmelze zugesetzt werden. Es kann auch eine Düse mit mehreren Öffnungen versehen sein, wobei jeweils eine öffnung mit Trägergas und Kohlenstoff oder Feinerz und eine andere Öffnung mit Frischgas und Feinkalk beschickt wird.The German Auslegeschrift 23 16 768 describes, for example, a method and an apparatus for fresh iron, in which oxygen and fine lime are added through nozzles arranged below the bath surface and solid carbon carriers are added to the melt through further nozzles. A nozzle can also be provided with a plurality of openings, one opening being charged with carrier gas and carbon or fine ore and another opening with fresh gas and fine lime.
Die deutsche Patentschrift 2 401 54o befaßt sich mit einem Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Eisenschwamm. Auch bei diesem Verfahren werden die Reaktionspartner, nämlich Sauerstoff, staubförmiger Kohlenstoff und feinkörniger Eisenschwamm, unterhalb der Badoberfläche, beispielsweise durch eine Mantelgasdüse, der Schmelze zugeführt. Die Düse hat mehrere Zuführungskanäle, z. B. strömen im inneren Sauerstoff, im mittleren Kohlenstoff und im äußeren Eisenschwamm. Kohlenstoff und Eisenschwamm sind dabei in einem geeigneten Trägergas, wie Kohlenmonoxid, suspendiert.The German patent 2 4 0 1 54o deals with egg process for melting iron sponge. In this process too, the reactants, namely oxygen, dust-like carbon and fine-grained sponge iron, are fed to the melt below the bath surface, for example through a jacket gas nozzle. The nozzle has several feed channels, e.g. B. flow in the inner oxygen, in the middle carbon and in the outer sponge iron. Carbon and sponge iron are suspended in a suitable carrier gas, such as carbon monoxide.
Die deutsche Auslegeschrift 25 2o 883 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Vergasung von Kohle. Die Reaktionspartner, vorzugsweise feinkörnige Kohle und Sauerstoff, werden durch Düsen unterhalb der Badoberfläche, die in der feuerfesten Ausmauerung angeordnet sind und damit gleichlaufend verschleißen, dem Eisenbad zugeführt. Als Fördergas für den Kohlenstoff kommen Inertgas, Stickstoff, C02 und Wasserdampf in Frage. Die Reaktionspartner können durch eine mehrkanalige Düse, vorzugsweise aus konzentrischen Rohren, geleitet werden. Erstmals wird die Möglichkeit genannt, daß ein Mischen der Reaktionspartner Sauerstoff und Kohle bereits kurz vor der Düsenmündung innerhalb der Düse erfolgen kann.German patent specification 25 2o 883 describes a method and a device for the continuous gasification of coal. The reactants, preferably fine-grained coal and oxygen, are fed to the iron bath through nozzles below the bath surface, which are arranged in the refractory lining and thus wear out in unison. Inert gas, nitrogen, CO 2 and water vapor come into consideration as the conveying gas for the carbon. The reactants can be passed through a multi-channel nozzle, preferably from concentric tubes. For the first time, the possibility is mentioned that the reactants oxygen and coal can be mixed within the nozzle shortly before the nozzle mouth.
Die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 27 23 857 bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Stahlherstellung. Dabei wird festes, kohlenstoffhaltiges Material in die Schmelze unter die Oberfläche geleitet und ein oxidierendes Gas in das Gefäß eingeführt. Das kohlenstoffhaltige Material wird durch Blasrohre mittels eines Trägergases eingeblasen. Das Trägergas kann ein reduzierendes, oxidierendes oder inertes Gas sein. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Sauerstoff normalerweise dem metallurgischen Gefäß über eine wassergekühlte Lanze zugeführt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, den Sauerstoff durch Blasrohrinjektion oder durch Injektion mittels einer eingetauchten Lanze zuzuführen. In der Anmeldungsbeschreibung heißt es dazu wörtlich: "Wenn Blasrohre zum Einspritzen von Sauerstoff und/oder festen, kohlenstof förmigen Materialien benutzt werden, dann können die Blasrohre aus zwei oder mehreren konzentrischen Rohren bestehen und eine kreisförmige Flüssigkeitsabschirmung besitzen, welche das Primäreinspritzrohr umgibt. Dieses Abschirmungsströmungsmittel kann ein inertes Gas oder eine Flüssigkeit, z. B. Kohlenwasserstoffgas oder eine Flüssigkeit, oder ein oxidierendes Gas oder eine Flüssigkeit sein, und das Strömungsmittel kann so gewählt werden, daß eine Abnutzung der Auskleidung und der Blasrohre so gering als möglich gehalten wird, um eine Blockierung der Blasrohre zu verhindern. Die Blasrohre können so ausgebildet sein, daß sie sowohl oxidierendes Gas als auch festes, kohlenstoffhaltiges Material zuführen können." Es heißt dann weiter in dem spezifischen Ausführungsbeispiel 1, daß 17 Minuten lang teilchenförmiger Graphit mit einer Rate von 3,5 kg/min eingeblasen wurde. Die zum Einblasen von Kohlenstoff benutzten Blasrohre hatten einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt und wurden wie folgt beschickt: Abschirmgas: Luft mit einer Rate von 7 m3/h; Trägergas: Argon mit einer Rate von 3o m3/h. Der Blasrohrkerndurchmesser betrug 7 mm mit einem Ringspalt von 1 mm.German Offenlegungsschrift 27 23 857 relates to a method and an apparatus for steel production. Solid, carbon-containing material is led into the melt below the surface and an oxidizing gas is introduced into the vessel. The carbonaceous material is blown through blowpipes using a carrier gas. The carrier gas can be a reducing, oxidizing or inert gas. In this process, the oxygen is normally supplied to the metallurgical vessel via a water-cooled lance. However, it is it is also possible to supply the oxygen by blowing tube injection or by injection using a submerged lance. The application description literally states: "If blowpipes are used to inject oxygen and / or solid, carbon-shaped materials, the blowpipes can consist of two or more concentric tubes and have a circular liquid shield that surrounds the primary injection tube. This shielding fluid may be an inert gas or a liquid, e.g., hydrocarbon gas or a liquid, or an oxidizing gas or a liquid, and the fluid may be chosen to minimize wear on the liner and blowpipes to minimize to prevent blockage of the blowpipes. The blowpipes can be designed so that they can supply both oxidizing gas and solid, carbon-containing material. " Then, in specific embodiment 1, it is said that particulate graphite was blown in at a rate of 3.5 kg / min for 17 minutes. The blowpipes used to inject carbon had a circular cross section and were charged as follows: shielding gas: air at a rate of 7 m 3 / h; Carrier gas: argon at a rate of 30 m 3 / h. The blow tube core diameter was 7 mm with an annular gap of 1 mm.
Den bekannten Verfahren zum Einleiten kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe in eine Eisenschmelze ist gemeinsam, daß die feinteiligen Feststoffe suspendiert in einem Trägergas durch eigene Zuführungskanäle getrennt vom Sauerstoff der Schmelze zugeführt werden. Diese Zuführungskanäle sind im Querschnitt der Fördermenge angepaßt und demgemäß entsprechend klein, z. B. beträgt der Durchmesser des genannten Blasrohrs 7 mm. Mitt dem sich verringernden Förderquerschnitt wächst jedoch die Gefahr von Verstopfungen. Hauptsächlich wenn bei hohen Beladungsraten von Feststoffen zu Trägergas aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen feinteilige Brennstoffe mit unterschiedlichen Korngrößen und Schwankungen in der Korngrößenverteilung zum Einsatz kommen, besteht die Gefahr von Pfropfbildungen, die zu Verstopfungen in engen Förderleitungen führen.A common feature of the known processes for introducing carbon-containing fuels into an iron melt is that the finely divided solids are suspended in a carrier gas and fed separately from the oxygen to the melt by their own feed channels. These feed channels are adapted in cross-section to the flow rate and accordingly small, z. B. the diameter of said blow pipe is 7 mm. With the decreasing conveyor cross However, the risk of constipation increases. Mainly if finely divided fuels with different grain sizes and fluctuations in the grain size distribution are used at high loading rates from solids to carrier gas for economic reasons, there is a risk of grafting, which leads to blockages in narrow delivery lines.
Eine weitere Schwierigkeit bei den bekannten Einleitungsverfahren besteht darin, die Zuführungskanäle in Perioden ohne Brennstofförderung freizuhalten, z. B. beim Fertigfrischen einer Stahlschmelze, wenn man den gewünschten niedrigen Endkohlenstoffgehalt einstellt. Während dieser Frischzeit strömt üblicherweise das Trägergas ohne Feststoffbeladung durch die Zuführungskanäle, um das Eindringen von Schmelze in die Düsen zu verhindern. Das Trägergas entzieht jedoch der Schmelze Wärme und kann sich weiterhin, je nach Gasart, ungünstig auf die Stahlzusammensetzung auswirken, z. B. durch erhöhte Stickstoffgehalte im Fertigstahl.Another difficulty with the known induction methods is to keep the feed channels clear in periods without fuel delivery, e.g. B. when finishing a molten steel, if you set the desired low final carbon content. During this fresh period, the carrier gas usually flows through the feed channels without solid loading in order to prevent melt from penetrating into the nozzles. However, the carrier gas extracts heat from the melt and, depending on the type of gas, can continue to have an adverse effect on the steel composition, e.g. B. by increased nitrogen levels in the finished steel.
In der Betriebspraxis erweist es sich als besonders bedeutungsvoll, die Einleitungsdüsen für kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe über lange Zeiträume, z. B. beim Betreiben eines Eisenbadreaktors zur Gaserzeugung über mehrere Monate und bei der Stahlerzeugung über eine Konverterreise von etwa 1000 Chargen, betriebssicher und störungsfrei zu betreiben, da sich jede Reparatur, z. B. beim Verstopfen einer Düse, als Verlust von Produktionszeit und damit wirtschaftlich sehr nachteilig auswirkt.In operational practice, it proves to be particularly important to use the inlet nozzles for carbon-containing fuels over long periods, e.g. B. when operating an iron bath reactor for gas generation over several months and in steel production via a converter journey of about 1,000 batches, reliable and trouble-free to operate, since every repair, eg. B. when a nozzle clogs, as a loss of production time and thus economically very disadvantageous.
Der Erfindung liegt demgemäß die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten feinkörniger, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe, wie Kohle- und Kokspulver, in eine Eisenschmelze zu schaffen, bei dem über lange Zeiträume die betriebssichere, störungsfreie Zugabe von Brennstoffen unterhalb der Badoberfläche gewährleistet ist, Verstopfungen der Düsen vermieden werden und die Düsen während brennstofförderfreien Betriebsperioden freigehalten werden.The invention is accordingly based on the object of providing a method and a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, such as coal and coke powder, into an iron smelt, in which The reliable, trouble-free addition of fuels below the surface of the bath is guaranteed over long periods, clogging of the nozzles is avoided and the nozzles are kept free during fuel-free operating periods.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst, indem Brennstoff und Sauerstoff im Wechsel durch den gleichen Einleitungskanal der Düse zugeführt werden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that fuel and oxygen are fed alternately through the same inlet duct to the nozzle.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Einleiten feinkörniger, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe, die in einem Trägergas suspendiert sind, und Sauerstoff in eine Eisenschmelze unterhalb der Eisenbadoberfläche durch im feuerfesten Mauerwerk des Behandlungsgefäßes angeordnete Düsen, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß Brennstoff und Sauerstoff im Wechsel durch den gleichen Einleitungskanal der Düse geführt werden.The invention relates to a method for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, which are suspended in a carrier gas, and oxygen into an iron melt below the surface of the iron bath through nozzles arranged in the refractory masonry of the treatment vessel, which is characterized in that fuel and oxygen alternate through the same inlet channel of the nozzle.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten feinkörniger, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe, die in einem Trägergas suspendiert sind, und Sauerstoff in eine Eisenschmelze, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß in einem Gehäuse mit einer Brennstoffzuführungsleitung, einer Sauerstoffzuleitung und einem Düsenrohr ein verschiebbarer Ventilkörper angeordnet ist, der den Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt oder den Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt freigibt, und der durch den Sauerstoff-Zufuhrleitungsdruck gesteuert wird.The invention further relates to a device for introducing fine-grained, carbon-containing fuels, which are suspended in a carrier gas, and oxygen into a molten iron, which is characterized in that a displaceable valve body is arranged in a housing with a fuel supply line, an oxygen supply line and a nozzle tube which releases the fuel opening cross section or the oxygen opening cross section and which is controlled by the oxygen supply line pressure.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich durch hohe Betriebssicherheit aus und die Einleitungsdüsen für feinteilige, kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe unterhalb der Badoberfläche verstopfen nicht. Sobald sich Unregelmäßigkeiten bei der Durchflußmenge der kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffe zeigen, beispielsweise sich die Fördermenge verringert, wird kurzzeitig von der Brennstofförderung auf Sauerstoff umgeschaltet und damit der Düsenkanal freigeblasen. Ansatzbildungen an der Düsenmündung, die häufig den Ausgangspunkt für Verstopfungen bilden, werden durch den Sauerstoffstrom abgebrannt. Um dieses Freiblasen der Düse zu erreichen, genügen kürzeste Sauerstoffblaszeiten, beispielsweise von o,1 bis etwa 2 min. Die Sauerstoffblaszeiten können beliebig variiert und insbesondere länger ausgedehnt werden, bevor die Zufuhr von Brennstoff und Trägermedium erneut aufgenommen wird.The method according to the invention is characterized by high operational reliability and the inlet nozzles for finely divided, carbon-containing fuels below the bath surface do not become clogged. Once there are irregularities in the flow rate of the carbonaceous Fuels show, for example, the delivery rate is reduced, is switched from fuel delivery to oxygen for a short time and thus the nozzle channel is blown free. Formations at the nozzle mouth, which often form the starting point for blockages, are burned off by the oxygen flow. In order to achieve this blowing out of the nozzle, the shortest oxygen blowing times are sufficient, for example from 0.1 to about 2 minutes. The oxygen blowing times can be varied as desired and, in particular, can be extended longer before the supply of fuel and carrier medium is started again.
Erfindungsgemäß kann der Wechsel von Brennstoff auf Sauerstoff mehrfach kurzzeitig hintereinander erfolgen. Diese Verfahrensweise ist dann besonders sinnvoll, wenn die Sauerstoffblaszeiten kurz sein sollen. Sobald nämlich nach einem kurzzeitigen Sauerstoffstoß von beispielsweise 1o s die Brennstofförderung wieder störungsfrei läuft, erübrigt sich eine weitere Sauerstoffzugabe. Anderenfalls kann die kurzzeitige Sauerstoffzugabe entsprechend oft wiederholt werden. Die Umschaltung von Sauerstoffblasen auf die Suspensionsförderung, von beispielsweise Stickstoff und staubförmiger Kohle, erfolgt nahezu trägheitslos durch entsprechende Umschaltvorrichtungen, die in unmittelbarer Nähe der Düsenmontageflansche angeordnet sind, in jedem Fall direkt am Boden der Behandlungsgefäße, beispielsweise einem Eisenbadreaktor oder einem Konverter für die Stahlerzeugung.According to the invention, the change from fuel to oxygen can occur several times in short succession. This procedure is particularly useful if the oxygen blowing times are to be short. As soon as the fuel delivery runs smoothly again after a brief burst of oxygen of, for example, 10 seconds, there is no need for further oxygen addition. Otherwise, the short-term addition of oxygen can be repeated a corresponding number of times. The switchover of oxygen bubbles to the suspension conveyance, for example of nitrogen and dusty coal, takes place almost without inertia by means of corresponding switchover devices which are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle mounting flanges, in any case directly on the bottom of the treatment vessels, for example an iron bath reactor or a converter for steelmaking.
Eine einfache Form der Einleitungsdüse für die Suspension aus feinteiligem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff und einem Trägermedium einerseits sowie Sauerstoff andererseits, besteht aus zwei konzentrischen Rohren, wobei der Brennstoff und im Wechsel der Sauerstoff, durch das zentrale Rohr strömen. Der Ringspalt, gebildet aus dem Zentralrohr und dem zweiten konzentrischen Rohr, wird zum Schutz der Düse gegen vorzeitiges Zurückbrennen mit beispielsweise o,5 bis 5 Gew.-% gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, bezogen auf den Sauerstoff, beschickt. Diese Düse ist üblicherweise im feuerfesten Mauerwerk unterhalb der Badoberfläche eingebaut und brennt im wesentlichen gleichmäßig mit der Ausmauerung zurück.A simple form of the inlet nozzle for the suspension of finely divided, carbon-containing fuel and a carrier medium on the one hand and oxygen on the other hand consists of two concentric tubes, the fuel and alternately the oxygen flowing through the central tube. The annular gap, formed from the central tube and the second concentric tube, for protecting the nozzle against premature burning back, is charged with, for example, 0.5 to 5% by weight of gaseous and / or liquid hydrocarbons, based on the oxygen. This nozzle is usually installed in the fireproof masonry below the bath surface and burns back evenly with the lining.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist die Gefahr von Düsenverstopfungen beim Einleiten kohlenstoffhaltiger, pulverisierter Brennstoffe in eine Eisenschmelze praktisch ausgeschlossen, und aus diesem Grund reicht die Installation des tatsächlich benötigten Blasquerschnitts zum Einleiten der Suspension aus, d. h. es,erübrigt sich der zusätzliche Einbau weiterer Brennstoffeinleitungsdüsen aus Sicherheitsgründen. Beispielsweise hat es sich bei einem Konverter, der nach dem Sauerstoff-Durchblasverfahren arbeitet, als völlig ausreichend erwiesen, von den zehn vorhandenen Sauerstoffeinleitungsdüsen im Konverterboden lediglich zwei Düsen für die Zugabe von feinteiliger Kohle bzw. Koks umzurüsten. Durch diese beiden Düsen können einer Eisenschmelze von etwa 65 t innerhalb von 1o min etwa 2ooo kg Kohlestaub zugeführt werden. Als Trägermedium kommt dabei beispielsweise Stickstoff zur Anwendung, und die Beladungsrate beträgt etwa 12 kg Kohlestaub/Nm Stickstoff. Die Brennstoffzugabe dient zur Erhöhung der Wärmebilanz, um die Schrottschmelzkapazität bei der Stahlerzeugung heraufzusetzen.According to the invention, the risk of nozzle clogging when introducing carbon-containing, pulverized fuels into a molten iron is practically excluded, and for this reason the installation of the blow cross section actually required is sufficient to introduce the suspension, i. H. there is no need to install additional fuel injectors for safety reasons. For example, in a converter that works according to the oxygen blow-through method, it has proven entirely sufficient to convert only two of the ten oxygen inlet nozzles present in the converter base for the addition of fine-particle coal or coke. Through these two nozzles, an iron melt of about 65 t can be fed with about 2ooo kg of coal dust within 10 minutes. Nitrogen is used as the carrier medium, for example, and the loading rate is about 12 kg of coal dust / Nm nitrogen. The addition of fuel serves to increase the heat balance in order to increase the scrap melting capacity in steel production.
Bei den bekannten Verfahren zum Einleiten von feinteiligen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen in eine Eisenschmelze sind in den genannten zehn Sauerstoffeinleitungsdüsen in jeder Düse im Zentrum Zuführungsrohre von 1o mm lichter Weite als Förderkanal für die Brennstoff-Trägergas-Suspension angebracht. Die Sauerstoffeinleitungsdüsen selbst sind,wie üblich, aus zwei konzentrischen Rohren aufgebaut, bei denen das innere Rohr mit einem lichten Durchmesser von 24 mm der Zufuhr von Sauerstoff bzw. von Sauerstoff und Kalkstaub dient. Die Anordnung der Brennstoffzuführungskanäle in dem Sauerstoffrohr erwies sich aus mehreren Gründen als nachteilig. Der Einbau und die Versorgung der zehn Brennstoffeinleitungsrohre ist verfahrenstechnisch aufwendig, jedoch bei dieser Brennstoffeinleitungsmethode erforderlich, um bei Störungen an einzelnen Zuführungskanälen, z. B. Verstopfungen, einen ausreichenden Förderquerschnitt für die kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffe betriebsfähig zu halten. Verstopfungen an einzelnen Brennstoffeinleitungskanälen traten fast bei jeder Charge auf. Weiterhin zeigte es sich als besonders ungünstig, diese Kanäle mit Trägergas freihalten zu müssen, wenn die Brennstofförderung gegen Frischende eingestellt wird. Der zur Brennstofförderung benutzte Stickstoff führte nämlich zu unerwünscht hohen Stickstoffgehalten in der Stahlschmelze. Andere Trägergase, beispielsweise Argon oder Methan, sind im Vergleich zum Stickstoff teuer und erfordern außerdem kostenintensive Installationen für ein weiteres Medium an der Konverteranlage. Stickstoff steht üblicherweise an einem Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverter zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus führt das Trägergasblasen ohne Brennstoffbeladung zu einer Verschlechterung der Wärmebilanz bei der Stahlerzeugung. Die Wärme zum Aufheizen des Trägergases geht als Energie für das Schrottaufschmelzen verloren.In the known methods for introducing finely divided, carbon-containing fuels into an iron smelter, feed pipes of 1o mm inside diameter are installed in the center of the ten oxygen inlet nozzles mentioned in each nozzle as a delivery channel for the fuel-carrier gas suspension. The oxygen injection nozzles themselves, as usual, are made up of two concentric tubes, in which the inner tube with a clear diameter of 24 mm is used to supply oxygen or oxygen and lime dust. The arrangement of the fuel supply channels in the oxygen tube has been found to be disadvantageous for several reasons. The installation and supply of the ten fuel inlet pipes is procedurally complex, but is necessary with this fuel inlet method, in order to avoid malfunctions in individual supply channels, e.g. B. blockages to keep a sufficient delivery cross-section for the carbon-containing fuels operational. Blockages on individual fuel introduction channels occurred in almost every batch. Furthermore, it turned out to be particularly unfavorable to have to keep these channels clear with carrier gas if the fuel delivery is stopped towards the end of the cycle. The nitrogen used to fuel the fuel led to undesirably high nitrogen contents in the molten steel. Other carrier gases, such as argon or methane, are expensive compared to nitrogen and also require costly installations for another medium on the converter system. Nitrogen is usually available on an oxygen blow-through converter. In addition, carrier gas blowing without fuel loading leads to a deterioration in the heat balance in steel production. The heat for heating the carrier gas is lost as energy for melting the scrap.
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung erlaubt es zum Beispiel, die Betriebssicherheit eines Eisenbadreaktors zur kontinuierlichen Vergasung von Kohle, wie er in der deutschen Auslegeschrift 2 52o 883 beschrieben ist, weiter zu steigern. In einem solchen Eisenbadreaktor werden große Kohlemengen zu Gas, im wesentlichen bestehend aus CO und H2, umgesetzt. Die Zugabe der Reaktionspartner Kohlestaub und Sauerstoff erfolgt normalerweise durch Düsen aus mehreren konzentrischen Rohren, die unterhalb der Eisenbadoberfläche angeordnet sind. Üblicherweise strömt durch das zentrale Rohr die Suspension aus feinteiliger Kohle und einem Fördergas, beispielsweise CH4, durch den Ringspalt um das Zentralrohr Sauerstoff und durch einen weiteren Ringspalt das Düsenschutzmedium, beispielsweise Erdgas. Normalerweise arbeiten diese Düsen störungsfrei, jedoch treten gelegentlich Ansätze an der Düsenmündung des Zentralrohrs auf, die eine Verringerung der Kohlestaubfördermenge nach sich ziehen. Da der Eisenbadreaktor aber möglichst gleichmäßige Gaserzeugungsraten aufweisen soll, ist eine schnelle Beseitigung derartiger Störungen in der Kohleförderung besonders wichtig. Der erfindungsgemäße Wechsel von Kohlestaub zu Sauerstoff im Brennstoffeinleitungskanal der Düse erlaubt es bereits nach relativ kurzer Zeit, z. B. im Regelfall von weniger als 1 min, die übliche Kohleförderung wieder aufzunehmen.The method according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to further increase the operational safety of an iron bath reactor for the continuous gasification of coal, as is described in German specification 2,508,883. In such an iron bath reactor, large amounts of coal become gas, essentially consisting of CO and H 2 , implemented. The reactants coal dust and oxygen are normally added through nozzles consisting of several concentric tubes which are arranged below the surface of the iron bath. Usually, the suspension of finely divided coal and a conveying gas, for example CH 4 , flows through the central tube, oxygen flows through the annular gap around the central tube and the nozzle protection medium, for example natural gas, through a further annular gap. Normally, these nozzles work without problems, but there are occasional approaches at the nozzle mouth of the central tube, which lead to a reduction in the amount of coal dust. However, since the iron bath reactor should have gas generation rates that are as uniform as possible, the rapid elimination of such disruptions in coal production is particularly important. The inventive change from coal dust to oxygen in the fuel inlet channel of the nozzle allows it after a relatively short time, for. B. usually less than 1 min to resume the usual coal production.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Anwendung der Erfindung besteht darin, es mit dem Verfahren zur Wärmezufuhr bei der Stahlerzeugung im Konverter, beschrieben in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 28 38 983.5, zu kombinieren. Bei diesem Verfahren wird bei der Stahlerzeugung im Konverter der Schmelze durch kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe Wärme zugeführt und insbesondere diese Brennstoffe mit einem zuvor nicht erreichbaren, hohen wärmetechnischen Wirkungsgrad in der Schmelze genutzt und somit das wirtschaftliche Aufschmelzen fester Eisenträger, beispielsweise Schrott, erheblich gesteigert bis hin zur Stahlerzeugung ohne flüssiges Roheisen. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Sauerstoff zum Frischen der Schmelze und zum Verbrennen der Brennstoffe gleichzeitig als auf die Badoberfläche gerichtete Gasstrahlen und unterhalb der Badoberfläche in den Konverter eingeleitet. Als kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe kommen insbesondere Koks, Braunkohlenkoks, Graphit, Kohle verschiedener Qualitäten und Mischungen davon zum Einsatz.A particularly advantageous application of the invention consists in combining it with the method for supplying heat during steel production in the converter, described in German patent application P 28 38 983.5. In this process, heat is added to the melt by carbon-containing fuels during steel production in the converter and, in particular, these fuels are used in the melt with a previously unattainable high thermal efficiency, thus considerably increasing the economic melting of solid iron carriers, for example scrap, right up to steel production without molten pig iron. In this method, the oxygen for freshening up the melt and for burning the fuels is simultaneously used as gas jets directed at the bath surface and below the bath surface initiated in the converter. In particular, coke, brown coal coke, graphite, coal of various qualities and mixtures thereof are used as carbon-containing fuels.
Diese Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Brennstoffe werden bevorzugt in pulverisierter Form unterhalb der Badoberfläche in die Eisenschmelze des Konverters zusammen mit einem Trägergas eingeleitet. Als Trägergase haben sich Stickstoff, CO, CH4 bzw. Erdgas und Inertgas, beispielsweise Argon, bewährt. Die Zufuhr der Suspension aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen und einem Trägergas kann gemäß der genannten deutschen Patentanmeldung auch über eine oder mehrere Düsen in einem Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverter erfolgen, wobei das Einleitungsrohr einzelner Düsen mit der Suspension aus Brennstoff und Trägergas anstelle von Sauerstoff beschickt wird.These carbon-containing fuels are preferably introduced in powder form below the bath surface into the iron melt of the converter together with a carrier gas. Nitrogen, CO, CH 4 or natural gas and inert gas, for example argon, have proven suitable as carrier gases. According to the aforementioned German patent application, the suspension of carbon-containing fuels and a carrier gas can also be supplied via one or more nozzles in an oxygen blow-through converter, the inlet pipe of individual nozzles being charged with the suspension of fuel and carrier gas instead of oxygen.
Das Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung überwindet nunmehr die bislang noch bestehenden Nachteile bei der bekannten Zufuhr von feinteiligen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen in eine Eisen- oder Stahlschmelze, wie sie auch dem sonst sehr vorteilhaften Prozeß der Wärmezufuhr nach der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 28 38'983.5 anhaften.The method according to the present invention now overcomes the disadvantages which still exist hitherto in the known supply of finely divided, carbon-containing fuels into an iron or steel melt, as they also adhere to the otherwise very advantageous process of supplying heat according to German patent application P 28 38'983.5.
Neben den bereits dargelegten Vorzügen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist ergänzend noch auf einen weiteren Vorteil gerade bei der Stahlerzeugung hinzuweisen. Durch den Einsatz der Sauerstoffeinleitungsrohre einer oder mehrerer Düsen beim Sauerstoff-Durchblasverfahren zur Zufuhr von feinteiligen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen während der Brennstoffeinleitungsperiode und dem anschließenden Wechsel auf Sauerstoff steht für die Fertigfrischphase, d. h. der Periode ohne Brennstoffeinleitung, ein entsprechend höherer Blasquerschnitt für den Sauerstoff zur Verfügung. Dadurch verkürzt sich diese Frischphase, und daraus wiederum resultiert eine verringerte Gesamtfrischzeit, die einen Gewinn für die Stahlproduktion bedeutet.In addition to the advantages of the method according to the invention which have already been set out, a further advantage should be pointed out in particular in the production of steel. By using the oxygen inlet pipes of one or more nozzles in the oxygen blow-through process to supply finely divided, carbon-containing fuels during the fuel introduction period and then switching to oxygen, the finished fresh phase, i.e. the period without fuel introduction, means a correspondingly higher blowing cross-section for the Oxygen available. This shortens this fresh phase, which in turn results in a reduced overall fresh time, which means a profit for steel production.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignen sich zur Einleitung der verschiedensten feinkörnigen Brennstoffe, beispielsweise Kohle verschiedener Qualität, Koks, Braunkohlenkoks, Graphit, Raffinerierückstände und Mischungen dieser Brennstoffe. Die Brennstoffe werden in pulverisierter oder gekörnter Form zugeführt, wobei Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung in weiten Grenzen variiert werden können.The method and the device according to the invention are suitable for introducing a wide variety of fine-grained fuels, for example coal of different quality, coke, brown coal coke, graphite, refinery residues and mixtures of these fuels. The fuels are supplied in powdered or granular form, whereby the grain size and grain size distribution can be varied within wide limits.
Als Trägergas eignen sich insbesondere Inertgase, wie Argon, Stickstoff, Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid, Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Methan, Erdgas und Wasserdampf.Inert gases such as argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons such as methane, natural gas and water vapor are particularly suitable as carrier gas.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die Vorrichtung sind nicht auf die Einleitung von Sauerstoff beschränkt, sondern eignen sich auch für die Einleitung anderer Sauerstoff enthaltender Gase, insbesondere Luft, und Mischungen von Sauerstoff und anderen Gasen, insbesondere Sauerstoff mit Argon.The method and the device according to the invention are not limited to the introduction of oxygen, but are also suitable for the introduction of other gases containing oxygen, in particular air, and mixtures of oxygen and other gases, in particular oxygen with argon.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird nur ein Teil der Gesamtzahl der Düsen, die unterhalb der Eisenbadoberfläche in einem Behandlungsgefäß, beispielsweise einem Eisenbadreaktor für die Gaserzeugung oder einem Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverter für die Stahlerzeugung, angeordnet sind, als Einleitungsdüsen für die kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffe herangezogen.According to a preferred embodiment, only a part of the total number of nozzles which are arranged below the iron bath surface in a treatment vessel, for example an iron bath reactor for gas production or an oxygen blow-through converter for steel production, are used as inlet nozzles for the carbon-containing fuels.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird nun anhand eines nicht einschränkenden Beispiels einer Stahlproduktion mit erhöhtem Schrottsatz näher erläutert.The method according to the invention will now be described using a non-limiting example of steel production increased scrap rate explained in more detail.
In einen 6o t-Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverter, der mit zehn Düsen im Konverterboden und einer Düse in der oberen Konverterwand zum Sauerstoffaufblasen ausgerüstet ist, werden 3o t Schrott handelsüblicher Qualität und 44 t Roheisen mit einer Zusammensetzung von 4,2 % Kohlenstoff, 0,6 % Silicium, 0,8 % Mangan, o,3 % Phosphor, 0,03 % Schwefel und einer Temperatur von 125o°C chargiert.In a 6o t oxygen blow-through converter, which is equipped with ten nozzles in the converter bottom and a nozzle in the upper converter wall for oxygen blowing, 30 tons of commercial grade scrap and 44 tons of pig iron with a composition of 4.2% carbon, 0.6 % Silicon, 0.8% manganese, 0.3% phosphorus, 0.03% sulfur and a temperature of 125 ° C.
Zwei der Bodendüsen sind zur Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgerüstet, d. h. Brennstoff und Sauerstoff können im Wechsel durch den gleichen Einleitungskanal der Düse geführt werden.Two of the floor nozzles are equipped to use the method according to the invention, i. H. Fuel and oxygen can be passed alternately through the same inlet channel of the nozzle.
Mit Frischbeginn werden etwa 10000 Nm3/h Sauerstoff durch acht Bodendüsen und etwa die gleiche Menge Sauerstoff durch die Aufblasdüse im Konverterhut der Schmelze zugeführt. Gleichzeitig werden über zwei Bodendüsen 2oo kg/ min Kokspulver zusammen mit 16 Nm3/min Stickstoff in die Schmelze geleitet.At the start of freshness, approximately 10,000 Nm 3 / h of oxygen are fed to the melt through eight floor nozzles and approximately the same amount of oxygen through the inflation nozzle in the converter hat. At the same time, 2oo kg / min coke powder together with 16 Nm 3 / min nitrogen are fed into the melt via two floor nozzles.
Nach etwa 1o min sind der Schmelze auf diese Weise etwa 2000 kg Koks zugegeben, und die beiden Brennstoffeinleitungsdüsen werden auf Sauerstoff umgeschaltet.After about 10 minutes, about 2000 kg of coke are added to the melt in this way, and the two fuel injection nozzles are switched to oxygen.
Nach etwa 15 min Blaszeit ist der Frischvorgang beendet, und nach einem anschließenden Korrekturblasen von etwa 2 min wird die Stahlschmelze mit einer Zusammensetzung von etwa o,o2 % Kohlenstoff, 0,1 % Mangan, 0,025 % Phosphor, 0,02 % Schwefel und einer Temperatur von 167o°C abgestochen.After a blowing time of about 15 minutes, the freshening process is finished, and after a subsequent corrective blowing of about 2 minutes, the molten steel with a composition of about 0.2% carbon, 0.1% manganese, 0.025% phosphorus, 0.02% sulfur and one Temperature of 167o ° C.
Die Gesamtchargenfolgezeit beträgt etwa 4o min. Insgesamt hat man der Schmelze 46oo Nm3 Sauerstoff, 100 Nm3 Propan zum Düsenschutz, 15o 1 Öl zum zweiminütigen Schrottvorwärmen und 2ooo kg Koks zugeführt. Das Abstichgewicht der fertigen Charge beträgt 64 t.The total batch follow-up time is about 40 minutes. In total, the melt has 46oo Nm 3 oxygen, 100 Nm 3 Propane for nozzle protection, 15o 1 oil for two-minute scrap preheating and 2ooo kg coke added. The tapping weight of the finished batch is 64 t.
Es versteht sich, daß die beispielsweise erläuterte Arbeitsweise in vielfältiger Weise modifiziert werden kann, insbesondere was die Zufuhr der feinteiligen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffe betrifft. Beispielsweise kann man bei einer Charge im Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverter die Brennstoffzufuhr kurzzeitig unterbrechen und Sauerstoff durch den Brennstoffeinleitungskanal blasen.It goes without saying that the method of operation explained, for example, can be modified in a variety of ways, in particular as regards the supply of the finely divided, carbon-containing fuels. For example, in the case of a batch in the oxygen blow-through converter, the fuel supply can be briefly interrupted and oxygen can be blown through the fuel introduction channel.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, bei dem ein Wechsel von Brennstoff zu Sauerstoff und umgekehrt im gleichen Düsenkanal erfolgt, kann auch auf andere Prozesse, bei denen in eine Eisenschmelze kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe eingeleitet werden, angewandt werden.The method according to the invention, in which a change from fuel to oxygen and vice versa takes place in the same nozzle channel, can also be applied to other processes in which carbon-containing fuels are introduced into an iron melt.
Nachstehend wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum wechselweisen Einleiten von feinteiligen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen und Sauerstoff näher erläutert.The device according to the invention for alternately introducing finely divided, carbon-containing fuels and oxygen is explained in more detail below.
Der vorhandene Druck im Sauerstoffversorgungssystem, d. h. der Sauerstoffvordruck, der normalerweise in der Größenordnung von 2o bar liegt, dient zur Umschaltung des Ventils. Der Sauerstoffvordruck wird im Ventil selbst auf den Sauerstoffblasdruck der Düse reduziert. Der bewegliche Ventilkörper öffnet bei anstehendem Sauerstoffvordruck nur den Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt für die Düse. Bei Verringerung des anstehenden Sauerstoffvordrucks um einen bestimmten, über eine Feder einstellbaren Betrag von o,5 bis 1o bar, vorzugsweise 2 bar, über dem Sauerstoffblasdruck der Düse, ist nur der Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt zur Düse freigegeben.The existing pressure in the oxygen supply system, i. H. the oxygen admission pressure, which is usually in the order of 20 bar, serves to switch the valve. The oxygen admission pressure is reduced in the valve itself to the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle. The moving valve body only opens the oxygen opening cross-section for the nozzle when oxygen pressure is present. When the oxygen supply pressure is reduced by a certain amount, which can be adjusted via a spring, from 0.5 to 10 bar, preferably 2 bar, above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle, only the fuel opening cross section to the nozzle is released.
Um betriebssicher die Umschaltung von Brennstoff auf Sauerstoff zu gewährleisten und insbesondere um Leitungen zu vermeiden, die von Brennstoff und Sauerstoff nacheinander durchströmt werden, wird das erfindungsgemäße Umschaltventil in unmittelbarer Nähe der Düse am Konverter, vorzugsweise zwischen Konverterdrehachse und Düse, insbesondere in Baueinheit mit der Düse selbst, montiert. Das Umschaltventil ist bei vorzugsweise direkt am Montageflansch der Düse angebracht.In order to ensure the reliable switching of fuel to oxygen and in particular to avoid lines through which fuel and oxygen flow in succession, the changeover valve according to the invention is located in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle on the converter, preferably between the converter axis of rotation and the nozzle, in particular in a structural unit with the nozzle yourself, assembled. The changeover valve is preferably attached directly to the mounting flange of the nozzle.
Als Düsen werden normalerweise die bewährten Doppelrohrdüsen mit Schutzmedium-Ummantelung eingesetzt. Bei dieser Düsenausführungsform strömt üblicherweise durch das Zentralrohr der Sauerstoff. Das erfindungsgemäße Umschaltventil erlaubt es, im Wechsel Sauerstoff oder Brennstoff durch diesen Düsenkanal, d. h. in diesem Fall dem zentralen Düsenrohr, zu leiten und beliebig oft von Brennstoff auf Sauerstoff umzuschalten. Zum Düsenschutz gegen vorzeitiges Zurückbrennen der Düse in der feuerfesten Ausmauerung, in der sie normalerweise eingebaut ist, strömt durch den Ringspalt zwischen dem inneren und einem zweiten äußeren Düsenrohr ein Schutzmedium. Als Schutzmedium können Gase und/oder Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt kommen Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Methan, Erdgas, Propan, Butan, leichtes Heizöl und andere öltypen in Frage. Der Anteil an Kohlenwasserstoffen, bezogen auf den Sauerstoffdurchsatz, ist gering und liegt zwischen 1 und 5 Gew.-%.The proven double-tube nozzles with protective medium sheathing are normally used as nozzles. In this nozzle embodiment, the oxygen usually flows through the central tube. The changeover valve according to the invention allows alternating oxygen or fuel through this nozzle channel, ie. H. in this case the central nozzle pipe, to conduct and switch as often as required from fuel to oxygen. To protect the nozzle against premature burning back of the nozzle in the refractory lining in which it is normally installed, a protective medium flows through the annular gap between the inner and a second outer nozzle tube. Gases and / or liquids can be used as a protective medium. Hydrocarbons such as methane, natural gas, propane, butane, light heating oil and other types of oil are preferred. The proportion of hydrocarbons, based on the oxygen throughput, is low and is between 1 and 5% by weight.
Die Anwendung des Umschaltventils nach der Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf diesen Düsentyp beschränkt, sondern kann vielmehr für jede Einleitungsdüse im Konverterbereich zum Umschalten von sauerstoffhaltigen Medien auf Brennstoffe und/oder pneumatisch förderbare Güter herangezogen werden. Das Umschaltventil kann z. B. in Verbindung mit der sogenannten Ringschlitzdüse nach dem deutschen Patent 2 438 142 eingesetzt werden.However, the use of the changeover valve according to the invention is not restricted to this type of nozzle, but rather can be used for each inlet nozzle in the converter area for switching over oxygen-containing media to fuels and / or pneumatically conveyable goods. The switching valve can e.g. B. in connection with the so-called called ring slot nozzle can be used according to German Patent 2,438,142.
Eine bevorzugte Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltventils besteht darin, bestimmte Doppelrohrdüsen, z. B. zwei von insgesamt zehn, die im Konverterboden eines Sauerstoff-Durchblaskonverters eingebaut sind, kurzzeitig mit Sauerstoff, dann über einen längeren Zeitraum von beispielsweise 8 min mit einer Suspension aus pulverförmigen, Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Brennstoffen und einem Trägergas zu betreiben und danach gegen Frischende, beispielsweise 5 min, wieder mit Sauerstoff zu versorgen. Als kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe haben sich Koks, Braunkohlenkoks, Graphit, Kohle verschiedener Qualitäten und Mischungen davon im feinteiligen Zustand von
bis etwa 1 mm Korngröße bewährt. Die Umschaltventile haben sich als überaus betriebssicher herausgestellt, so ließen sich beispielsweise die Ventile über looo Chargen in der beschriebenen Betriebsweise ohne Störungen einsetzen.A preferred application of the switching valve according to the invention is to use certain double tube nozzles, e.g. B. two out of a total of ten, which are installed in the converter floor of an oxygen blow-through converter, for a short time with oxygen, then for a longer period of time, for example 8 minutes, with a suspension of powdered, carbon-containing fuels and a carrier gas and then against freshness, for example 5 min to supply oxygen again. As carbonaceous fuels, coke, brown coal coke, graphite, coal of various qualities and mixtures thereof have been found in the finely divided state of
proven up to about 1 mm grain size. The changeover valves have proven to be extremely reliable, for example, the valves could be used over 100,000 batches in the described mode of operation without interference.
Pneumatisch oder elektrisch ansteuerbare Ventile zur Mediumumschaltung sind handelsüblich und werden vielfach eingesetzt. Jedoch erfordern die bekannten Ventile zur Umsteuerung eine zusätzliche Leitung für das Steuermedium. Beim Einbau der bekannten Ventile direkt an einem Stahlerzeugungskonverter entstehen Schwierigkeiten wegen der relativ hohen Umgebungstemperatur von bis zu 300°C und darüber hinaus durch die erforderliche Zuführung einer weiteren Steuerleitung. Diese Leitungen müssen über eine Drehdurchführung im Konverterdrehzapfen an den Konverter herangeführt werden.Pneumatically or electrically controllable valves for medium switching are common and are widely used. However, the known valves for reversing require an additional line for the control medium. When the known valves are installed directly on a steel production converter, difficulties arise because of the relatively high ambient temperature of up to 300 ° C. and, moreover, due to the need to supply a further control line. These lines must be brought to the converter via a rotating union in the converter pivot.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltventil werden diese Nachteile vermieden, da das Anwendungsmedium im Konverter, nämlich Sauerstoff, direkt zur Ventilsteuerung benutzt wird. Ein zusätzliches Steuermedium bzw. eine elektrische Leitung entfällt damit. Der Sauerstoff wird mit dem Netzdruck, d. h. dem Vordruck, bis an das Umschaltventil herangeführt. Der volle Sauerstoffvordruck, normalerweise liegt dieser in der Größenordnung von 2o bar, wird im Ventil zur Steuerung des beweglichen Ventilkörpers genutzt. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Druckwerte, abhängig vom Sauerstoffversorgungssystem, geeignet.With the changeover valve according to the invention, these disadvantages are avoided since the application medium in the converter, namely oxygen, is used directly for valve control becomes. An additional control medium or an electrical line is therefore unnecessary. The oxygen is brought up to the changeover valve with the network pressure, ie the upstream pressure. The full oxygen admission pressure, normally in the order of 20 bar, is used in the valve to control the movable valve body. Of course, other pressure values, depending on the oxygen supply system, are also suitable.
Der Sauerstoffdruck wirkt im Ventil auf einen beweglichen Ventilkörper, der den Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt zum Umschaltventil gasdicht verschließt. In dieser Stellung des beweglichen Ventilkörpers kann nur Sauerstoff durch den Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt zum Düsenkanal gelangen. Der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt-ist so bemessen, daß er als Drosselorgan wirkt und den Sauerstoffvordruck auf den Sauerstoffdüsendruck reduziert. Durch diese Druckreduzierung, beispielsweise von 2o bar Vordruck auf 4 bar Düsendruck, bestimmt der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt auch die Sauerstoffströmungsmenge. Der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt wird am Umschaltventil fest eingestellt. Diese Einstellung kann jedoch entsprechend den gewünschten Druckverhältnissen relativ einfach geändert werden.The oxygen pressure in the valve acts on a movable valve body, which closes the fuel opening cross-section to the changeover valve in a gas-tight manner. In this position of the movable valve body, only oxygen can reach the nozzle channel through the oxygen opening cross section. The oxygen opening cross-section is dimensioned such that it acts as a throttle element and reduces the oxygen admission pressure to the oxygen nozzle pressure. This reduction in pressure, for example from 20 bar upstream pressure to 4 bar nozzle pressure, also determines the cross-section of the oxygen opening and the amount of oxygen flow. The oxygen opening cross-section is fixed at the changeover valve. However, this setting can be changed relatively easily according to the desired pressure conditions.
Sobald sich der Sauerstoffvordruck verringert, d. h. wenn die Sauerstoffzufuhr abgestellt und die Leitung entspannt wird, schaltet das erfindungsgemäße Umschaltventil mit Hilfe des beweglichen Ventilkörpers um. Der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt.wird gasdicht verschlossen und der Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt freigegeben. Die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Sauerstoffvordruck, z. B. 2o bar, und der Sauerstoffvordruckverminderung, bei der sich der Schaltvorgang auslöst, wird über eine Feder im Ventil um einen Wert zwischen o,5 bis 1o bar, vorzugsweise 2 bar, über dem Sauerstoffblasdruck der Düse, beispielsweise 4 bar, im Umschaltventil fest eingestellt und beträgt folglich beispielsweise 6 bar. Diese Auslösung des Umschaltvorgangs durch eine in den angegebenen Grenzen von o,5 bis 1o bar wählbare Druckdifferenz über dem Sauerstoffblasdruck der Düse hat den Vorteil, daß bei langsamem Druckabbau in der Sauerstoffvordruckleitung keine Zwischenstellung oder Flatterstellung des beweglichen Ventilkörpers auftritt, bei der sowohl Sauerstoff als auch Brennstoff gleichzeitig in den Düsenkanal gelangen können.As soon as the oxygen admission pressure decreases, ie when the oxygen supply is switched off and the line is released, the changeover valve according to the invention switches over with the help of the movable valve body. The oxygen opening cross section is closed gas-tight and the fuel opening cross section is released. The pressure difference between the oxygen pressure, e.g. B. 2o bar, and the oxygen pressure reduction, in which the switching process is triggered, is via a spring in the valve by a value between 0.5 to 10 bar, preferably 2 bar, above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle, for example 4th bar, fixed in the changeover valve and is consequently, for example, 6 bar. This triggering of the switching process by means of a pressure difference above the oxygen blowing pressure of the nozzle which can be selected within the specified limits of 0.5 to 10 bar has the advantage that, with slow pressure reduction in the oxygen pre-pressure line, no intermediate position or fluttering of the movable valve body occurs, in which both oxygen and Fuel can get into the nozzle channel at the same time.
Vorzugsweise steht die Sauerstoffzufuhrleitung mit einer Ventilkammer in Verbindung, die eine Begrenzungswand aufweist, die unter Sauerstoffgasdruck eine Längenänderung der Ventilkammer zuläßt, das verschiebbare Ende der Ventilkammer mit einem doppelt wirkenden Ventilkörper verbunden ist, der einerseits den Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt und andererseits den Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt überwacht, und der Ventilkörper so vorbelastet ist, daß der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt verschlossen ist.The oxygen supply line is preferably connected to a valve chamber which has a boundary wall which permits a change in length of the valve chamber under oxygen gas pressure, the displaceable end of the valve chamber is connected to a double-acting valve body which monitors the fuel opening cross section on the one hand and the oxygen opening cross section on the other hand, and the valve body is so preloaded that the oxygen opening cross section is closed.
Die Vorbelastung des Vcntilkörpers kann durch eine Feder bewirkt werden oder durch gleichwirkende Mittel, wie einen pneumatischen Vordruck.The preloading of the valve body can be effected by a spring or by means having the same effect, such as a pneumatic pre-pressure.
Der Ventilkörper ist vorzugsweise koaxial in der Brennstoffzuführungsleitung angeordnet.The valve body is preferably arranged coaxially in the fuel supply line.
Die Begrenzungswand ist vorzugsweise von einem Faltenbalg gebildet.The boundary wall is preferably formed by a bellows.
Die sauerstoffdurchströmten Teile der Vorrichtung sind vorzugsweise gasdicht gegen die brennstoffdurchströmten Teile abgedichtet.The parts of the device through which oxygen flows are preferably sealed gas-tight against the parts through which fuel flows.
Vorzugsweise ist ein Drosselorgan vorgesehen, das den Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt bestimmt.A throttle element is preferably provided, which determines the cross section of the oxygen opening.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird nunmehr anhand einer beispielsweisen Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.The device according to the invention is now based on egg ner exemplary embodiment explained with reference to the drawing.
Die Figur zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Umschaltventils.The figure shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the changeover valve according to the invention.
Das Umschaltventil umfaßt ein ortsfestes Gehäuse 1 (schrägschraffiert dargestellt), mit einer Sauerstoffzuleitung 3, in der bei Sauerstoffzufuhr zum Düsenrohr 4 der Sauerstoffvordruck herrscht. In der dargestellten Lage des beweglichen Ventilkörpers 5 (längsschraffiert dargestellt) steht kein Sauerstoffdruck an, und der Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt 6 ist freigegeben, so daß der Brennstoff, beispielsweise eine Kohle/Stickstoff-Suspension, aus der Brennstoffleitung 7 zur Düsenleitung 4 gelangen kann.The changeover valve comprises a stationary housing 1 (shown hatched), with an
Beispielsweise dient als Fördergas für den pulverisierten Kohlenstoff, z. B. Koks, Stickstoff oder Inertgas, z. B. Argon. Das Fördergas hat ohne Beladung einen Druck von etwa 3 bar und bei voller Beladung mit 17 kg Kohlenstoff pro Nm3 einen Druck von etwa 12 bar.For example, serves as a conveying gas for the pulverized carbon, e.g. B. coke, nitrogen or inert gas, e.g. B. Argon. The conveying gas has a pressure of about 3 bar without a load and a pressure of about 12 bar with a full load of 17 kg of carbon per Nm 3 .
Sobald die Sauerstoffzuleitung 3 mit dem Sauerstoffvordruck, z. B. 2o bar, beaufschlagt wird, wandert der bewegliche Ventilkörper 5 in Richtung Brennstoffzuführungsleitung 7 und verschließt durch die Dichtmittel 8 in Zusammenwirkung mit der Anliegefläche 9 den Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt 6. Der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt 10 wird freigegeben und Sauerstoff strömt in das Düsenrohr 4. Um die gewünschte Druckreduzierung vom Sauerstoffvordurck (2o bar) auf den Sauerstoffdüsendruck, beispielsweise 3 bar, zu erzielen, kann der Sauerstofföffnungsquerschnitt 1o durch unterschiedliche Bohrungsdurchmesser 1o in der Lochscheibe des Drosselorgans 11 entsprechend eingestellt werden.As soon as the
Sobald der Sauerstoffvordruck um eine einstellbare Druckdifferenz zwischen o,5 bis 1o bar über dem Blasdruck der Düse 4 (o,5 bis 1o bar + Blasdruck) abgesunken ist, verschiebt sich der bewegliche Ventilkörper 5 wieder in die dargestellte Lage und gibt den Brennstofföffnungsquerschnitt 6 frei. Die Druckdifferenz für das Auslösen des Schaltvorgangs wird in der beschriebenen Ausführungsform durch die Federkraft der Feder 13 eingestellt.As soon as the oxygen admission pressure has dropped by an adjustable pressure difference between 0.5 to 10 bar above the blowing pressure of the nozzle 4 (0.5 to 10 bar + blowing pressure), the movable valve body 5 moves back into the position shown and releases the fuel
Zu erwähnen ist noch, daß die sauerstoffdurchströmten Teile bei Brennstofförderung gasdicht verschlossen sind und der Metallfaltenbalg 14 beim Umschalten die erforderliche Bewegung des beweglichen Ventilkörpers 5 zuläßt.It should also be mentioned that the parts through which oxygen flows are sealed gas-tight when the fuel is being conveyed and that the metal bellows 14 allows the required movement of the movable valve body 5 when switching.
Konstruktive Abweichungen von der beschriebenen Ausführungsform des Umschaltventils liegen im Sinne der Erfindung, insbesondere solange das wesentliche Merkmal der Erfindung, nämlich die Ventilsteuerung durch den Sauerstoffvordruck zu bewerkstelligen, verwirklicht ist.Constructive deviations from the described embodiment of the changeover valve are within the meaning of the invention, in particular as long as the essential feature of the invention, namely the valve control by means of the oxygen admission pressure, is realized.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80104793T ATE3564T1 (en) | 1979-08-24 | 1980-08-13 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING FINE GRAIN, CARBON CONTAINING FUELS INTO A MELTED IRON. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792934333 DE2934333A1 (en) | 1979-08-24 | 1979-08-24 | Injection of carbonaceous fuel or oxygen into molten iron - using spring loaded valve; esp. for steel-making converters |
DE2934333 | 1979-08-24 | ||
DE19792949801 DE2949801C2 (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1979-12-11 | Reversing valve for supplying a nozzle on a jet generation converter with oxygen or fuel |
DE2949801 | 1979-12-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0024637A1 true EP0024637A1 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
EP0024637B1 EP0024637B1 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
EP0024637B2 EP0024637B2 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
Family
ID=25780711
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80104793A Expired - Lifetime EP0024637B2 (en) | 1979-08-24 | 1980-08-13 | Process for operating a change-over valve for supplying a nozzle in steel-producing convertor |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4330326A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0024637B2 (en) |
CS (1) | CS219289B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD152809A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3063501D1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL126621B1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO81346B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0079507A1 (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-25 | Klöckner Stahlforschung GmbH | Fluid feeding valve |
WO1998008984A1 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-05 | 'holderbank' Financiere Glarus Ag | Method and facility for reprocessing waste |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4693274A (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1987-09-15 | Instituto Mexicano De Investigaciones Siderurgicas | Device for the selective injection of an oxidizing gas or a carrier gas with or without carbonaceous material to a liquid metal bath |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2316768A1 (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1974-10-17 | Krupp Gmbh | PROCESS FOR REFRESHING METALS, IN PARTICULAR PIG IRON AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
FR2292771A1 (en) * | 1974-11-28 | 1976-06-25 | Creusot Loire | METHOD OF INJECTING A POWDER PROVIDING CARBON IN A METAL BATH |
DE2520883A1 (en) * | 1975-05-10 | 1976-11-18 | Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk | Continuous gasification of reactants in a steel converter - forming redn gas fed into blast furnace to reduce coke consumption |
DE2723857A1 (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-08 | British Steel Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STEEL PRODUCTION |
FR2378867A2 (en) * | 1977-02-01 | 1978-08-25 | Creusot Loire | Refining molten metal, e.g. steel - by blowing in a gas, e.g. oxygen, through submerged jets arranged in separate groups |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2805147A (en) * | 1952-10-02 | 1957-09-03 | Tiroler Roehren & Metallwerk | Process and apparatus for introducing fine-grained additions below the surface of metal melts |
US2806781A (en) * | 1955-01-20 | 1957-09-17 | Air Reduction | Method and apparatus for conveying finely-divided material |
DE1916945C3 (en) * | 1969-04-02 | 1980-04-17 | Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette Mbh, 8458 Sulzbach-Rosenberg | Use of the jacket gas process for refining pig iron to steel |
US3997334A (en) * | 1972-04-28 | 1976-12-14 | Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie | Introduction of a liquid into a receptacle such as a converter |
US3809381A (en) * | 1972-07-10 | 1974-05-07 | Steel Corp | Lime oxygen-natural gas distribution system |
DE2326754C3 (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1978-04-20 | Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette Mbh, 8458 Sulzbach-Rosenberg | Device for the controlled supply of a fresh gas and a protective fluid medium |
US3955966A (en) * | 1974-03-06 | 1976-05-11 | August Thyssen-Hutte Ag | Method for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel |
US4045213A (en) * | 1974-11-28 | 1977-08-30 | Creusot-Loire | Method of injecting a powder containing carbon into a metal bath |
US4264059A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-04-28 | Victor Benatar | Condition responsive control means for use in discharging powdered reagent into a pool of molten metal |
US4277279A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-07-07 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidized stream of particulate material |
-
1980
- 1980-08-11 US US06/177,162 patent/US4330326A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-08-13 DE DE8080104793T patent/DE3063501D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-13 EP EP80104793A patent/EP0024637B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-08-19 RO RO101999A patent/RO81346B/en unknown
- 1980-08-21 CS CS805737A patent/CS219289B2/en unknown
- 1980-08-22 PL PL1980226364A patent/PL126621B1/en unknown
- 1980-08-22 DD DD80223462A patent/DD152809A5/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-07-21 US US06/285,672 patent/US4407490A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2316768A1 (en) * | 1973-04-04 | 1974-10-17 | Krupp Gmbh | PROCESS FOR REFRESHING METALS, IN PARTICULAR PIG IRON AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
FR2292771A1 (en) * | 1974-11-28 | 1976-06-25 | Creusot Loire | METHOD OF INJECTING A POWDER PROVIDING CARBON IN A METAL BATH |
DE2520883A1 (en) * | 1975-05-10 | 1976-11-18 | Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk | Continuous gasification of reactants in a steel converter - forming redn gas fed into blast furnace to reduce coke consumption |
DE2723857A1 (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-08 | British Steel Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STEEL PRODUCTION |
FR2378867A2 (en) * | 1977-02-01 | 1978-08-25 | Creusot Loire | Refining molten metal, e.g. steel - by blowing in a gas, e.g. oxygen, through submerged jets arranged in separate groups |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0079507A1 (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-25 | Klöckner Stahlforschung GmbH | Fluid feeding valve |
WO1998008984A1 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-05 | 'holderbank' Financiere Glarus Ag | Method and facility for reprocessing waste |
US6186081B1 (en) | 1996-08-27 | 2001-02-13 | “HolderBank”Financiere Glarus AG | Process and apparatus for treating waste and sewage sludge |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0024637B1 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
CS219289B2 (en) | 1983-03-25 |
PL126621B1 (en) | 1983-08-31 |
US4407490A (en) | 1983-10-04 |
DE3063501D1 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
US4330326A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
RO81346A (en) | 1983-04-29 |
PL226364A1 (en) | 1981-08-07 |
EP0024637B2 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
DD152809A5 (en) | 1981-12-09 |
RO81346B (en) | 1983-04-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0030360B2 (en) | Steel-making process | |
EP0236801B1 (en) | Method for producing iron | |
EP0037809B1 (en) | Method of and arrangement for producing molten pig iron or steel prematerial | |
DE2401909C3 (en) | Process for the production of steel | |
DE3629055A1 (en) | METHOD FOR INCREASING ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES | |
EP0114040A1 (en) | Method and melt-down gasifier for producing molten pig iron or crude steel products | |
DE4343957A1 (en) | Converter process for the production of iron | |
DE4238020C2 (en) | Procedure for the operation of a multimedia nozzle and the nozzle system | |
DE2520883A1 (en) | Continuous gasification of reactants in a steel converter - forming redn gas fed into blast furnace to reduce coke consumption | |
EP0024637B1 (en) | Process for operating a change-over valve for supplying a nozzle in steel-producing convertor | |
AT408991B (en) | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A METAL MELT | |
AT404138B (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PIPE IRON OR STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD | |
DE3008145C2 (en) | Steel making process | |
EP0030344B1 (en) | Process for increasing the heat utilisation in the production of steel from solid iron matter | |
DE19648306A1 (en) | Treatment of shredded scrap light constituents in a melt | |
EP0521523B1 (en) | Process for running a cupola | |
DE2934333A1 (en) | Injection of carbonaceous fuel or oxygen into molten iron - using spring loaded valve; esp. for steel-making converters | |
DD219753A5 (en) | APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CALCIUM CARBIDE | |
EP0533866B1 (en) | Process and reduction and melting furnace for producing liquid metal from fine metal oxide particles | |
DE2756432B2 (en) | Method and device for increasing the scrap rate in steel production in the converter with injection of hydrocarbon-coated oxygen below the bath surface | |
DE2949801A1 (en) | Injection of carbonaceous fuel or oxygen into molten iron - using spring loaded valve; esp. for steel-making converters | |
DE3441356A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING OXIDIC MATERIAL WITH SIMULTANEOUS GENERATION OF A GAS SUITABLE FOR RECOVERY OF HEATING ENERGY | |
EP1224336B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for injecting gases or solids into the bottom of a metallurgical bath | |
DE2552392A1 (en) | Supply of heat energy to iron melts - by burning fuel with oxygen in intimate contact with the melt in conventional refining vessels | |
DE2857581C2 (en) | Steel making process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
ITCL | It: translation for ep claims filed |
Representative=s name: STUDIO ING. ALFREDO RAIMONDI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810508 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO ING. ALFREDO RAIMONDI |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3564 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19830615 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3063501 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19830707 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: FRIED. KRUPP GMBH Effective date: 19840223 |
|
RTI2 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: PROCESS FOR OPERATING A CHANGE-OVER VALVE FOR SUPPLYING A NOZZLE IN STEEL-PRODUCING CONVERTER. |
|
PLAB | Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO |
|
R26 | Opposition filed (corrected) |
Opponent name: FRIED. KRUPP GMBH, ESSEN Effective date: 19840223 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732 |
|
ITPR | It: changes in ownership of a european patent |
Owner name: CESSIONE;KLOECKNER CRA PATENT GMBH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
NLS | Nl: assignments of ep-patents |
Owner name: KLOECKNER CRA PATENT GMBH TE DUISBURG, BONDSREPUBL |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 19901227 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
NLR3 | Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO ING. ALFREDO RAIMONDI |
|
ET3 | Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition | ||
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 80104793.7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19990804 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19990804 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19990810 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19990811 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19990812 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19990816 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19990830 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19991013 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
BE20 | Be: patent expired |
Free format text: 20000813 *KLOCKNER CRA PATENT G.M.B.H. |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20000812 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20000813 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20000813 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20000813 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 20000830 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Effective date: 20000812 |
|
NLV7 | Nl: ceased due to reaching the maximum lifetime of a patent |
Effective date: 20000813 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 80104793.7 |