EP0021350B1 - Method for verifying paper currency having a security means and paper currency having such means - Google Patents

Method for verifying paper currency having a security means and paper currency having such means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0021350B1
EP0021350B1 EP80103424A EP80103424A EP0021350B1 EP 0021350 B1 EP0021350 B1 EP 0021350B1 EP 80103424 A EP80103424 A EP 80103424A EP 80103424 A EP80103424 A EP 80103424A EP 0021350 B1 EP0021350 B1 EP 0021350B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
authenticity
security paper
field
security
authenticity feature
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EP80103424A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0021350A1 (en
Inventor
Hajo Mück
Wolfgang Becker
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OFFERTA DI LICENZA AL PUBBLICO
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GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
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Priority to AT80103424T priority Critical patent/ATE5351T1/en
Publication of EP0021350A1 publication Critical patent/EP0021350A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/04—Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of a security with a machine-verifiable authenticity feature that has at least one physical property that can be measured, and to such a security.
  • banknotes with magnetic and / or electrically conductive layers are known, which are coded in a manner suitable for automatic machines and arranged in a specific form. The dimensions, the conductivity, the radiation permeability and the arrangement of the layers can be determined in the test device.
  • a banknote with a security thread made of metal is known, which has a specific, individual information for the banknote in coded form. The information can either be in the form of a perforation or a magnetic track.
  • a bank note with a security thread made of ferromagnetic material is also known, which is characterized in that it has a high coercive force, so that any magnetic information that is applied is not so easily deleted by a counterfeiter or can be changed.
  • a method for securing credit cards and securities in which a body contained in the security changes its magnetic properties at a temperature between -10 ° C and 80 ° C; this is achieved by using a ferromagnetic material whose Curie point lies in the temperature range mentioned.
  • the body is warmed up, the real body losing its magnetization when a predetermined temperature is reached. If the temperature is then lowered again below the Curie point, the body does not regain its magnetization; modulation of the magnetization by temperature change is therefore not possible.
  • the differential change in the magnetic properties as a function of the temperature is not used as the authenticity indicator, but the demagnetization at a certain temperature.
  • a method for securing securities is also known, in which the securities are provided with developable materials such as diazo compounds or heat-sensitive Thermofax material.
  • developable materials such as diazo compounds or heat-sensitive Thermofax material.
  • the undeveloped number plate is examined in a first step using scanning technology and in particular its color is determined and recorded.
  • a second step e.g. developed by supplying heat, but also by pressure, moisture, smoke, electrical current, etc.
  • the color is then checked again in a third step.
  • the security is considered genuine if it has changed its characteristic property or color in the expected manner after development.
  • the development is a relatively slow change.
  • the test is necessarily carried out in several steps in succession.
  • the modulation of the characteristic property and the detection of very small changes is also not possible according to the teaching of this patent.
  • DE-C-1 774 290 finally describes a measuring arrangement with which the electrical conductivity of a security thread in securities can be measured without contact.
  • the security thread is brought into the immediate vicinity of a pair of electrodes on which an alternating electric field is applied.
  • the capacitor formed by the two electrodes then changes through capacitive coupling; this change in capacitance affects the resonant circuit; in this way it can be checked whether the security thread is electrically conductive.
  • a security thread as an authenticity feature has certain advantages that explain its widespread use.
  • the thread can only be used during paper or Card production are introduced, the corresponding technology and complex devices are usually not available to the counterfeiter. Its presence can easily be checked visually even without aids. In the event that the thread certain ma automatic features are also quickly recognizable.
  • the counterfeiter can glue two sheets of paper together and thus reduce the difficulties of counterfeiting to imitation of the security thread itself. Imitation of special properties of the security thread on the surface of the security is also possible in some cases.
  • the counterfeiter can easily recognize the physical properties of the security threads measured by the testing device, since corresponding testing devices that can be used as sensors are freely available on the market.
  • the usual physical properties used in this context are electrical conductivity, magnetism, fluorescence etc.
  • the counterfeiter can imitate the properties mentioned relatively easily, for example by reducing the electrical conductivity the security thread is imitated by a pencil line on the surface of the security, certain magnetic properties by a tape strip stuck on and a certain fluorescence behavior by spreading commercially available fluorescent substances.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create an authenticity feature which has properties which can be clearly checked by machine and which make it more difficult for the forger to analyze and imitate the relevant properties. This object is achieved in the method according to the invention by the morasses characterized in claim 1.
  • the invention is therefore based on the knowledge that the authenticity feature has a basic property, such as a certain electrical conductivity, and that this basic property can be changed by a secondary property, that is to say, for example, a photosensitivity of the electrical conductivity.
  • the electrical conductivity of the conductor which is generally very high-impedance for present applications, is usually determined by measurement by bringing it into a predetermined electrical alternating or constant field (corresponds to the first field) in which the conductor is present by means of galvanic contacts or capacitive coupling causes a field change. The conductivity can then be determined from this field change. A visible or invisible electromagnetic field (corresponding to the second field) acting on the conductor changes the conductivity of the conductor. This change in conductivity can be quantified because of its reaction to the electric field (first field).
  • A, possibly also periodic, change in the specific energetic environment of the security thread also changes the measured variable in a certain clear, possibly periodic manner.
  • the counterfeiter who succeeds in finding or even imitating the basic property, for example a certain electrical conductivity, is thus far from being able to determine the dependence of this basic property on a certain other physical variable, for example the strength of the light radiation. Even if this connection became clear to him, he could not imitate a certain dependency behavior between the measured variable and the influencing parameter.
  • the measured variable is influenced, for example, by introducing the feature substance into a radiation field in the form of visible or invisible light or into electrical or magnetic fields.
  • the form of the influence must be matched to the particular feature substance chosen and the physical property to be measured.
  • the feature substance can be provided, for example, on or in a security thread. However, it can also be used as a pure paper or ink additive, especially for screen printing inks.
  • a security thread consisting of a transparent PVC film was embedded in the middle level of a security with a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 .
  • the thread was 0.4 mm wide and 25 ⁇ m thick.
  • the film was coated with copper-doped cadmium sulfide.
  • the cadmium sulfide was "sintered" onto the film at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressure of 49 bar / cm 2 .
  • the cadmium sulfide can also be applied by another method, for example from an emulsion.
  • a security thread consisting of a transparent PVC film with a width of 0.4 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was embedded in a banknote with a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 .
  • the security thread was coated with p-doped germanium. The doping was about 10 -15 cm -3 .
  • the coating was applied by means of sputtering. The coating can of course also be carried out using other methods which belong to the prior art, for example by thermal vapor deposition.
  • a magnetic field of approximately 0.6 Tesla perpendicular to the path of the electrical current was applied, the electrical resistance on the security thread increased by approximately 8%. This change in electrical conductivity is based on a deflection of the charge carriers carrying the current in the semiconductor substrate by the Lorentz force acting on them in the magnetic field. This lengthens the path of the charge carriers, which results in a change in resistance.
  • Card 1 (FIG. 1) was produced.
  • Card 1 consisted of an insert made of printed paper with embedded security thread 2 and two transparent cover foils. The security thread was visually freely accessible under the cover film.
  • the security thread consisted of a transparent PVC film with a width of 0.4 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
  • the film was coated with polycrystalline cadmium sulfide.
  • the coating was applied by means of cathode-ray atomization. Of course, other methods of applying the coating belonging to the prior art are also possible.
  • the security thread was yellow in color.
  • Curve 3 represents the absorption edge of the cadmium sulfide without and curve 4 the absorption edge when an electric field is applied.
  • the reflectivity R decreases from point 5 to point 6 at the wavelength used for the measurement, which can be sharply delimited by filters .
  • the change in reflectivity is not limited to the absorption edge. Such changes can also be observed at certain other wavelengths in the reflection spectrum. The effect is particularly pronounced on the absorption edge.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

A method of testing a security having a mechanically testable identifying mark, for example a security thread, which has a physical property, for example electric conductivity, which can be measured without contact by means of a first field, for example, an electric field. The physical property can be reproducibly influenced by the effect of a second field, for example an electromagnetic field. If this influence takes place periodically, a signal is produced as a measured variable modulated according to the mutual effect of the two fields.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung eines Wertpapiers mit einem maschinell prüfbaren Echtheitsmerkmal, das mindestens eine meßtechnisch erfaßbare physikalische Eigenschaft aufweist, und ein solches Wertpapier.The invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of a security with a machine-verifiable authenticity feature that has at least one physical property that can be measured, and to such a security.

Zur Sicherung von Ausweiskarten, Dokumenten, Wertpapieren und Banknoten ist es bereits bekannt, diese mit Echtheitsmerkmalen, z.B. Sicherheitsfäden auszurüsten, die eine leichte visuelle und auch automatische Echtheitsprüfung ermöglichen. So ist es aus der US-A-964 014 bereits bekannt, in Banknoten dünne Metallfolien in Streifenform einzulagern, die eine bestimmte Farbe, einen Aufdruck oder eine besondere Form aufweisen. Da das Einbringen einer solchen Folie in das Papier nur während der Papierherstellung möglich ist, also einen hohen technologischen Aufwand woraussetzt, sind Fälschungen entsprechend schwierig herzustellen. Bei einer automatischen Echtheitsprüfung wäre es jedoch relativ einfach, spezielle Eigenschaften des eingelagerten Sicherheitsstreifens durch entsprechende Oberflächenaufdrucke nachzuahmen.To secure ID cards, documents, securities and banknotes, it is already known to provide them with authenticity features, e.g. Equip security threads that enable easy visual and automatic authenticity checks. It is already known from US-A-964 014 to store thin metal foils in strip form in bank notes which have a specific color, an imprint or a special shape. Since the introduction of such a film into the paper is only possible during paper production, which means that a high level of technological effort is required, counterfeiting is correspondingly difficult to produce. With an automatic authenticity check, however, it would be relatively easy to imitate special properties of the embedded security strip by means of appropriate surface prints.

In letzter Zeit haben sich daher Sicherheitsfäden mit besonderen physikalischen Eigenschaften durchgesetzt, deren Vorhandensein zwar visuell und/oder manuell feststellbar ist, deren Echtheit jedoch nur maschinell überprüfbar ist. Aus der DE-A-2 001 944 sind beispielsweise Banknoten mit magnetiscchen und/oder elektrisch leitenden Schichten bekannt, die automatengerecht codiert und in bestimmter Form angeordnet sind. Im Prüfgerät können dabei die Abmaße, die Leitfähigkeit, die Strahlungsdurchlässigkeit und die Anordnung der Schichten festgestellt werderi. Aus der DE―B―215 628 ist eine Banknote mit einem Sicherheitsfaden aus Metall bekannt, der eine bestimmte, für die Banknote individuelle Information in codierter Form aufweist. Die Information kann entweder in Form einer Lochung oder auch einer Magnetspur vorliegen. Aus der GB-PS 1 357 489 ist ferner eine Banknote mit einem Sicherheitsfaden aus ferromagnetischem Material bekannt, der sich da-: durch auszeichnet, daß er eine hohe Koerzitivkraft aufweist, so daß gegebenenfalls aufgebrachte magnetische Informationen von einem Fälscher nicht so leicht gelöscht bzw. abgeändert werden können.Security threads with special physical properties have therefore recently become established, the presence of which can be determined visually and / or manually, but the authenticity of which can only be checked by machine. From DE-A-2 001 944, for example, banknotes with magnetic and / or electrically conductive layers are known, which are coded in a manner suitable for automatic machines and arranged in a specific form. The dimensions, the conductivity, the radiation permeability and the arrangement of the layers can be determined in the test device. From DE ― B ― 215 628 a banknote with a security thread made of metal is known, which has a specific, individual information for the banknote in coded form. The information can either be in the form of a perforation or a magnetic track. From GB-PS 1 357 489 a bank note with a security thread made of ferromagnetic material is also known, which is characterized in that it has a high coercive force, so that any magnetic information that is applied is not so easily deleted by a counterfeiter or can be changed.

Aus der GB-A-1 458 660 ist weiter ein Verfahren zur Sicherung von Scheckkarten und Wertpapieren bekannt, bei dem ein im Wertpapier enthaltener Körper seine magnetischen Eigenschaften bei einer Temperatur zwischen -10°C und 80°C ändert; dies gelingt, indem man ein ferromagnetisches Material verwendet, dessen Curiepunkt im genannten Temperaturintervall liegt. Zur Prüfung wird der Körper erwärmt, wobei der echte Körper seine Magnetisierung beim Erreichten einer vorbestimmten Temperatur verliert. Wenn die Temperatur anschließend wieder unter dem Curiepunkt gesenkt wird, gewinnt der Körper seine Magnetisierung aber nicht zurück; eine Modulation der Magnetisierung durch Temperaturänderung ist deshalb nicht möglich. Als Echtheitskennzeichen dient nicht die differentielle Änderung der magnetischen Eigenschaften in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur, sondern die Entmagnetisierung bei einer bestimmten Temperatur.From GB-A-1 458 660 a method for securing credit cards and securities is also known, in which a body contained in the security changes its magnetic properties at a temperature between -10 ° C and 80 ° C; this is achieved by using a ferromagnetic material whose Curie point lies in the temperature range mentioned. For testing, the body is warmed up, the real body losing its magnetization when a predetermined temperature is reached. If the temperature is then lowered again below the Curie point, the body does not regain its magnetization; modulation of the magnetization by temperature change is therefore not possible. The differential change in the magnetic properties as a function of the temperature is not used as the authenticity indicator, but the demagnetization at a certain temperature.

Aus der US-A-3 652 862 ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Sicherung von Wertpapieren bekannt, bei dem die Wertpapiere mit entwickelbaren Materialien wie Diazoverbindungen oder wärmeempfindlichen Thermofax-Material ausgestattet werden. Zur Echtheitsprüfung wird das unentwickelte Kennzeichen in einem ersten Schritt mittels Scanningtechnik untersucht und insbesondere seine Farbe bestimmt und festgehalten. Dann wird das Kennzeichen in einem zweiten Schritt, z.B. durch Zufuhr von Wärme, aber auch durch Druck, Feuchtigkeit, Rauch, elektrischem Strom etc., entwickelt. Anschließend wird die Farbe in einem dritten Schritt erneut geprüft. Als echt wird das Wertpapier dann angesehen, wenn es nach der Entwicklung seine kennzeichnende Eigenschaft bzw. seine Farbe in der erwarteten Weise geändert hat.From US-A-3 652 862 a method for securing securities is also known, in which the securities are provided with developable materials such as diazo compounds or heat-sensitive Thermofax material. In order to check the authenticity, the undeveloped number plate is examined in a first step using scanning technology and in particular its color is determined and recorded. Then in a second step, e.g. developed by supplying heat, but also by pressure, moisture, smoke, electrical current, etc. The color is then checked again in a third step. The security is considered genuine if it has changed its characteristic property or color in the expected manner after development.

Bei den genannten Ausführungsbeispielenhandelt es sich bei der Entwicklung um relativ langsam ablaufende Änderungen. Die Prüfung erfolgt zwangsläufig in mehreren Schritten nacheinander. Die Modulation der Merkmalseigenschaft sowie das Erfassen sehr kleiner Anderungen ist nach der Lehre dieser Patentschrift ebenfalls nicht möglich.In the exemplary embodiments mentioned, the development is a relatively slow change. The test is necessarily carried out in several steps in succession. The modulation of the characteristic property and the detection of very small changes is also not possible according to the teaching of this patent.

In der DE-C-1 774 290 wird schließlich eine Meßanordnung beschrieben, mit der man die elektrische Leitfähigkeit eines Sicherheitsfadens in Wertpapieren berührungslos messen kann. Dazu wird der Sicherheitsfaden in die unmittelbare Nähe eines Elektrodenpaares gebracht, an dem ein elektrisches Wechselfeld anliegt. Durch kapazitive Kopplung verändert sich dann der durch die beiden Elektroden gebildete Kondensator; diese Kapazitätsänderung wirkt auf den Schwingkreis zurück; auf diese Weise kann geprüft werden, ob der Sicherheitsfaden elektrisch leitend ist.DE-C-1 774 290 finally describes a measuring arrangement with which the electrical conductivity of a security thread in securities can be measured without contact. For this purpose, the security thread is brought into the immediate vicinity of a pair of electrodes on which an alternating electric field is applied. The capacitor formed by the two electrodes then changes through capacitive coupling; this change in capacitance affects the resonant circuit; in this way it can be checked whether the security thread is electrically conductive.

Die Verwendung eines Sicherheitsfadens als Echtheitsmerkmal hat bestimmte Vorteile, die seine verbreitete Verwendung erklären. Der Faden kann nur während der Papier-bzw. Kartenherstellung eingebracht werden, die entsprechende Technologie und aufwendigen Vorrichtungen stehen dem Fälscher normalerweise nicht zur Verfügung. Seine Anwesenheit ist auch ohne Hilfsmittel visuell leicht überprüfbar. Für den Fall, daß der Faden bestimmte maschinell erkennbare Eigenschaften aufweist, ist auch eine automatische Prüfung möglich.The use of a security thread as an authenticity feature has certain advantages that explain its widespread use. The thread can only be used during paper or Card production are introduced, the corresponding technology and complex devices are usually not available to the counterfeiter. Its presence can easily be checked visually even without aids. In the event that the thread certain ma automatic features are also quickly recognizable.

Diesen Vorteilen stehen jedoch eine Reihe von Nachteilen gegenüber, die sich insbesondere bei der in zunehmendem Maße angewendeten automatischen Echtheitsprüfung gravierend auswirken. So kann der Fälscher beispielsweise zwei Papierbogen zusammenkleben und damit die Schwierigkeiten der Fälschung auf die Nachahmung des Sicherheitsfadens selbst reduzieren. Auch eine Nachahmung spezieller Eigenschaften des Sicherheitsfadens auf der Oberfläche des Wertpapiers ist in manchen Fällen möglich. Die vom Prüferät gemessenen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Sicherheitsfäden sind dem Fälscher in der Regel leicht erkennbar, da entsprechende, als Sensoren verwendbare Prüfgeräte auf dem Markt frei erhältlich sind. Übliche in diesem Zusammenhang benutzte physikalische Eigenschaften sind die elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Magnetismus, Fluoreszenz etc. Da es bei maschineller Prüfung ohne visuelle Begutachtung auf die äußere Erscheinung des Wertpapiers nicht ankommt, kann der Fälscher die genannten Eigenschaften relativ leicht nachahmen, indem er beispielsweise die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Sicherheitsfadens durch einen Bleistiftstrich auf der Wertpapieroberfläche nachahmt, bestimmte magnetische Eigenschaften durch einen aufgeklebten Tonbandstreifen und ein bestimmtes Fluoreszenzverhalten durch Aufstreichen handelsüblicher Fluoreszenzstoffe.However, these advantages are offset by a number of disadvantages, which have a particularly serious impact on the increasingly used automatic authenticity check. For example, the counterfeiter can glue two sheets of paper together and thus reduce the difficulties of counterfeiting to imitation of the security thread itself. Imitation of special properties of the security thread on the surface of the security is also possible in some cases. As a rule, the counterfeiter can easily recognize the physical properties of the security threads measured by the testing device, since corresponding testing devices that can be used as sensors are freely available on the market. The usual physical properties used in this context are electrical conductivity, magnetism, fluorescence etc. Since the external appearance of the security is not important in machine testing without visual inspection, the counterfeiter can imitate the properties mentioned relatively easily, for example by reducing the electrical conductivity the security thread is imitated by a pencil line on the surface of the security, certain magnetic properties by a tape strip stuck on and a certain fluorescence behavior by spreading commercially available fluorescent substances.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht somit darin, ein Echtheitsmerkmal zu schaffen, das Eigenschaften aufweist, die maschinell eindeutig prüfbar sind und die dem Fälscher die Analyse und die Nachahmung der relevanten Eigenschaften in erhöhtem Maße erschweren. Diese Aufgabe wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Morznahmen.The object of the invention is therefore to create an authenticity feature which has properties which can be clearly checked by machine and which make it more difficult for the forger to analyze and imitate the relevant properties. This object is achieved in the method according to the invention by the morasses characterized in claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß das Echtheitsmerkmal eine Grundeigenschaft, wie beispielsweise eine bestimmte elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweist und daß diese Grundeigenschaft durch eine sekundäre Eigenschaft, also beispielsweise eine Lichtempfindlichkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, veränderbar ist. Im genannten Beispiel wird die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des für vorliegende Anwendungsfälle in der Regel sehr hochohmigen Leiters üblicherweise meßtechnisch dadurch bestimmt, daß man ihn mittels galvanischer Kontakte oder kapazitiver Einkoppelung in ein vorgegebenes elektrisches Wechsel- oder Gleichfeld (entspricht erstem Feld) bringt, in dem der Leiter eine Feldänderung hervorruft. Aus dieser Feldänderung läßt sich dann die Leitfähigkeit bestimmen. Ein gleichzeitig auf den Leiter einwirkendes sichtbares oder unsichtbares elektromagnetisches Feld (entspricht zweitem Feld) ändert die Leitfähigkeit des Leiters. Diese Leitfähigkeitsänderung ist wegen ihrer Rückwirkung auf das elektrische Feld (erstes Feld) quantitativ erfaßbar.The invention is therefore based on the knowledge that the authenticity feature has a basic property, such as a certain electrical conductivity, and that this basic property can be changed by a secondary property, that is to say, for example, a photosensitivity of the electrical conductivity. In the example mentioned, the electrical conductivity of the conductor, which is generally very high-impedance for present applications, is usually determined by measurement by bringing it into a predetermined electrical alternating or constant field (corresponds to the first field) in which the conductor is present by means of galvanic contacts or capacitive coupling causes a field change. The conductivity can then be determined from this field change. A visible or invisible electromagnetic field (corresponding to the second field) acting on the conductor changes the conductivity of the conductor. This change in conductivity can be quantified because of its reaction to the electric field (first field).

Eine, gegebenenfalls auch periodische, Änderung des spezifischen energetischen Umfeldes des Sicherheitsfadens ändert also auch die Meßgröße in bestimmter eindeutiger, gegebenenfalls periodischer Art und Weise. Der Fälscher, dem es gelingt die Grundeigenschaft, also beispielsweise eine bestimmte elektrische Leitfähigkeit zu finden oder sogar nachzuahmen, ist damit noch lange nicht in der Lage die Abhängigkeit dieser Grundeigenschaft von einer bestimmten anderen physikalischen Größe, beispielsweise der Stärke der Lichteinstrahlung, festzustellen. Selbst wenn ihm dieser Zusammenhang klar werden würde, könnte er ein bestimmtes Abhängigkeitsverhalten zwischen der Meßgröße und dem Beeinflussungsparameter nicht nachahmen.A, possibly also periodic, change in the specific energetic environment of the security thread also changes the measured variable in a certain clear, possibly periodic manner. The counterfeiter, who succeeds in finding or even imitating the basic property, for example a certain electrical conductivity, is thus far from being able to determine the dependence of this basic property on a certain other physical variable, for example the strength of the light radiation. Even if this connection became clear to him, he could not imitate a certain dependency behavior between the measured variable and the influencing parameter.

Die Beeinflussung der Meßgröße erfolgt beispielsweise durch Einbringung des Merkmalsstoffes in ein Strahlungsfeld in Form von sichtbarem oder unsichtbarem Licht oder in elektrische oder magnetische Felder. Selbstverständlich muß die Form der Beeinflussung auf den bestimmtem gewählten Merkmalstoff und die zu messende physikalische Eigenschaft abgestimmt sein.The measured variable is influenced, for example, by introducing the feature substance into a radiation field in the form of visible or invisible light or into electrical or magnetic fields. Of course, the form of the influence must be matched to the particular feature substance chosen and the physical property to be measured.

Der Merkmalsstoff kann beispeilsweise auf oder in einem Sicherheitsfaden vorgesehen sein. Die Verwendung als reiner Papier- oder Farbzusatz, insbesondere für Siebdruckfarben, ist aber ebenso möglich.The feature substance can be provided, for example, on or in a security thread. However, it can also be used as a pure paper or ink additive, especially for screen printing inks.

Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Due ausgeführten Beispiele sollen jedoch in keiner Weise beschränkend sein, dem Fachmann wird dadurch lediglich eine Anleitung gegeben, nach der er auch andere Kombinationen auffinden kann. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausweiskarte mit eingelagertem Sicherheitsfaden, und
  • Fig. 2 die graphische Darstellung zweier Lagen der Absorptionskante eines Merkmalsstoffes gemäß Beispiel 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the attached drawing. The examples given are not intended to be limiting in any way, however, this merely provides the person skilled in the art with instructions according to which he can also find other combinations. The drawing shows:
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an identification card with embedded security thread, and
  • 2 shows the graphical representation of two layers of the absorption edge of a feature substance according to Example 3.

Beispiel 1example 1

In die mittlere Ebene eines Wertpapiers mit einem Flächengewicht von 80 g/m2 wurde ein Sicherheitsfaden, bestehend aus einer durchsichtigen PVC-Folie eingelagert. Der Faden hatte eine Breite von 0,4 mm und eine Dicke von 25 ,um. Die Folie war mit Kupferdotiertem Cadmiumsulfid beschichtet. Das Cadmiumsulfid wurde bei einer Temperatur von 180°C und einem Druck von 49 bar/cm2 auf die Folie "aufgesintert". Die Aufbringung des Cadmiumsulfids kann auch mittels eines anderen Verfahrens, beispielsweise aus einer Emulsion heraus, erfolgen.A security thread consisting of a transparent PVC film was embedded in the middle level of a security with a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 . The thread was 0.4 mm wide and 25 µm thick. The film was coated with copper-doped cadmium sulfide. The cadmium sulfide was "sintered" onto the film at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressure of 49 bar / cm 2 . The cadmium sulfide can also be applied by another method, for example from an emulsion.

Eine Prüfung des Sicherheitsfadens in einer abgedunkelten Meßkammer ergab eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von etwa 10-19-1 cm-'. Bei Beleuchtung mit einer 100 W-Glühlampe stieg die Leitfähigkeit auf etwa 10-6Ω-1 cm-1 an.Examination of the security thread in a darkened measuring chamber showed an electrical conductivity of approximately 10-19-1 cm- '. Illuminated with a 100 W incandescent lamp the conductivity to about 10 -6 Ω -1 cm -1 .

Weitere Versuche mit unterschiedlich hoch mit Kupfer dotiertem Cadmiumsulfid ergaben zwar von den Proben abhängige, unterschiedliche Hell/Dunkelwerte, die jedoch stets meßtechnisch eindeutig erfaßbar und auswertbar waren. Die Abweichungen waren allerdings von der Dotierung und speziellen Zusammensetzung abhängig. Da der Sicherheitsfaden im Wertpapier eingelagert war, ergab eine Beleuchtung von Vorder- und Rückseite gleiche Ergebnisse. Ein nur aufgeklebter Sicherheitsfaden ergab unterschiedliche Meßergebnisse. Durch Prüfung des Wertpapiers mit beidseitig des Papiers angeordneten Sensoren ist daher eine einfache zusätzliche Prüfung möglich, ob der Sicherheitsfaden im Papier eingelagert ist.Further tests with cadmium sulfide doped at different levels of copper did indeed result in different light / dark values depending on the samples, but they were always clearly measurable and evaluable by measurement. However, the deviations were dependent on the doping and special composition. Since the security thread was stored in the security, lighting the front and back gave the same results. A security thread that was only glued on gave different measurement results. By checking the paper with sensors arranged on both sides of the paper, a simple additional check is therefore possible as to whether the security thread is embedded in the paper.

Beispiel 2Example 2

In eine Banknote mit einem Flächengewicht von 80 g/m2 wurde ein Sicherheitsfaden, bestehend aus einer durchsichtigen PVC-Folie mit einer Breite von 0,4 mm und einer Dicke von 25 ,um eingelagert. Der Sicherheitfaden war mit p-dotiertem Germanium beschichtet. Die Dotierung betrug etwa 10-15 cm-3. Die Beschichtung wurde mittels Kathodenstrahlzerstäubung aufgebracht. Die Beschichtung kann selbstverständlich auch mit anderen zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Methoden erfolgen, beispielsweise durch thermisches Aufdampfen. Bei Einwirken eines Magnetfeldes von etwa 0.6 Teslasenkrecht zum Weg des elektrischen Stroms trat am Sicherheitsfaden eine Erhöhung des elektrischen Widerstandes um etwa 8% auf. Diese Änderung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit beruht auf einer Ablenkung der den Strom tragenden Ladungsträger im Halbleitersubstrat durch die auf sie im Magnetfeld einwirkende Lorentzkraft. Dadurch wird der Weg der Ladungsträger verlängert, was eine Widerstandsänderung zur Folge hat.A security thread consisting of a transparent PVC film with a width of 0.4 mm and a thickness of 25 μm was embedded in a banknote with a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 . The security thread was coated with p-doped germanium. The doping was about 10 -15 cm -3 . The coating was applied by means of sputtering. The coating can of course also be carried out using other methods which belong to the prior art, for example by thermal vapor deposition. When a magnetic field of approximately 0.6 Tesla perpendicular to the path of the electrical current was applied, the electrical resistance on the security thread increased by approximately 8%. This change in electrical conductivity is based on a deflection of the charge carriers carrying the current in the semiconductor substrate by the Lorentz force acting on them in the magnetic field. This lengthens the path of the charge carriers, which results in a change in resistance.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Es wurde eine Ausweiskarte 1 (Fig. 1) hergestellt. Die Karte 1 bestand aus einem Inlett aus bedrucktem Papier mit eingelagertem Sicherheitsfaden 2 und zwei durchsichtigen Deckfolien. Der Sicherheitsfaden war unter der Deckfolie optisch frei zugänglich.An identification card 1 (FIG. 1) was produced. Card 1 consisted of an insert made of printed paper with embedded security thread 2 and two transparent cover foils. The security thread was visually freely accessible under the cover film.

Der Sicherheitsfaden bestand aus einer durchsichtigen PVC-Folie mit einer Breite von 0,4 mm und einer Dicke von 25 ,um. Die Folie war mit polykristallinem Cadmiumsulfid beschichtet. Die Beschichtung wurde mittels Kathodenstrahizerstäubung aufgebracht Selbstverständlich sind auch andere zum Stand der Technik gehörende Verfahren zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung möglich. Der Sicherheitsfaden hatte eine gelbe Farbe.The security thread consisted of a transparent PVC film with a width of 0.4 mm and a thickness of 25 µm. The film was coated with polycrystalline cadmium sulfide. The coating was applied by means of cathode-ray atomization. Of course, other methods of applying the coating belonging to the prior art are also possible. The security thread was yellow in color.

Mißt man die Reflexion des Sicherheitsfadens bei Zimmertemperatur an der Absorptionskante (etwa bei 515 nm) einmal ohne und einmal mit Einwirkung eines elektrischen Feldes (von etwa 3.104 V/m) auf das Halbleitermaterial Cadmiumsulfid, so beobachtet man eine Verschiebung der Absorptionskante durch das elektrische Feld. Die Änderung der Reflexion

Figure imgb0001
beträgt an dieser Stelle des Spektrums etwa 1%.If one measures the reflection of the security thread at room temperature at the absorption edge (approximately at 515 nm) once without and once with the action of an electrical field (of approximately 3.10 4 V / m) on the semiconductor material cadmium sulfide, one observes a shift of the absorption edge by the electrical one Field. The change in reflection
Figure imgb0001
 is about 1% at this point in the spectrum.

In Fig. 2 ist dieser Zusammenhang schematisch gezeigt. Die Kurve 3 stellt die Absorptionskante des Cadmiumsulfids ohne und die Kurve 4 die Absorptionskante bei Anliegen eines elektrischen Feldes dar. Das Reflexionsvermögen R sinkt dabei bei der für die Messung verwendeten Wellenlänge, die durch Filter entsprechend scharf eingegrenzt werden kann, von Punkt 5 zu Punkt 6.This relationship is shown schematically in FIG. Curve 3 represents the absorption edge of the cadmium sulfide without and curve 4 the absorption edge when an electric field is applied. The reflectivity R decreases from point 5 to point 6 at the wavelength used for the measurement, which can be sharply delimited by filters .

Obwohl die Änderung gering erscheint, läßt sich diese Änderung bei entsprechenden meßtechnischen Aufwand einwandfrei erfassen, was eine zusätzliche Erschwernis für den Falscher bedeutet.Although the change appears to be minor, this change can be detected without any problems with the corresponding measurement outlay, which means an additional difficulty for the wrong person.

Die Änderung des Reflexionsvermögens ist nicht auf die Absorptionskante beschränkt. Derartige Änderungen sind auch bei bestimmten anderen Wellenlängen im Reflextionsspektrum zu beobachten. Der Effekt tritt aber an der Absorptionskante besonders stark in Erscheinung.The change in reflectivity is not limited to the absorption edge. Such changes can also be observed at certain other wavelengths in the reflection spectrum. The effect is particularly pronounced on the absorption edge.

Claims (11)

1. A method of checking the authenticity of a security paper having an authenticity mark with a certain physical property and which changes a first field depending on the quantity of this physical property, characterized in that the quantity of the physical property. is in turn changed by a field of a different kind, the first field being periodically changed by the simultaneous effect of the second field on the authenticity mark, the periodic change in the first field being determined and its identity with the values of a genuine security paper within certain tolerances being used as a criterion for authenticity.
2. A security paper having an authenticity feature for checking its authenticity as in claim 1, characterized in that the authenticity feature is made of material exhibiting a certain electrical conductivity which changes according to the intensity of the light when irradiated optically.
3. A security paper as in claim 2, characterized in that the authenticity feature is made of copper-doped cadmium sulfide.
4. A security paper having an authenticity feature for checking its authenticity as in claim 1, characterized in that the authenticity feature is made of a material having a certain electrical conductivity which changes according to the strength of the magnetic field when acted upon by a magnetic field.
5. A security paper as in claim 4, characterized in that the authenticity feature consists of p-conductive germanium.
6. A security paper having an authenticity feature for checking its authenticity as in claim 1, characterized in that the authenticity feature is made of a material exhibiting, especially in the optical spectral range, a certain reflecting power which changes according to the strength of the field when acted upon by an electric field.
7. A security paper as in claim 6, characterized in that the authenticity feature consists of cadmium sulfide.
8. A security paper as in claim 7, characterized in that the authenticity feature is present on or in a security thread.
9. A security paper as in claim 8, characterized in that the authenticity feature is contained in the paper pulp.
10. A security paper as in claim 9, characterized in that the authenticity feature is mixed into the printing ink.
11. A security paper as in claim 10, characterized in that the printing ink is a screen printing ink.
EP80103424A 1979-06-22 1980-06-19 Method for verifying paper currency having a security means and paper currency having such means Expired EP0021350B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80103424T ATE5351T1 (en) 1979-06-22 1980-06-19 PROCEDURE FOR VERIFICATION OF A SECURITY WITH AN AUTHENTICATION MARK AND SECURITY WITH SUCH MARK.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2925273 1979-06-22
DE2925273A DE2925273C2 (en) 1979-06-22 1979-06-22 Security with a security thread

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EP0021350A1 EP0021350A1 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0021350B1 true EP0021350B1 (en) 1983-11-16

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Publication number Publication date
US4609207A (en) 1986-09-02
ATE5351T1 (en) 1983-12-15
JPS6337428B2 (en) 1988-07-25
EP0021350A1 (en) 1981-01-07
DE2925273C2 (en) 1981-09-17
JPS5652476A (en) 1981-05-11
DE3065598D1 (en) 1983-12-22
DE2925273B1 (en) 1981-01-29

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