EP0020502B1 - Method and apparatus for grinding piston rings - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for grinding piston rings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0020502B1 EP0020502B1 EP79901360A EP79901360A EP0020502B1 EP 0020502 B1 EP0020502 B1 EP 0020502B1 EP 79901360 A EP79901360 A EP 79901360A EP 79901360 A EP79901360 A EP 79901360A EP 0020502 B1 EP0020502 B1 EP 0020502B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ring
- spherical segment
- piston
- exposed
- grinding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 206010044625 Trichorrhexis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/08—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section
- B24B19/11—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding non-circular cross-sections, e.g. shafts of elliptical or polygonal cross-section for grinding the circumferential surface of rings, e.g. piston rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B11/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor
Definitions
- the invention broadly relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing keystone type piston ring structures which are typically employed as compression rings in engines and utilized in a wide variety of engine applications.
- the objective of the ring structure is to effect a seal in the space between an associated piston and liner to prevent the high-pressure combustion gases or the air charge from escaping down the liner during the compression or power strokes; to transmit heat energy from the piston to the cooled cylinder liner; and to absorb a certain part of the fluctuations of the piston side thrust.
- Some internal combustion engines have compression rings with the bottom wall or both the bottom and top walls beveled, making the ring thinner at the inside than at the outside diameter.
- the associated groove in the piston for receiving the ring is machined to the same general shape.
- the gas pressure acting on the top wall of the ring owing to the beveled bottom surface, produces an additional force pressing the ring outwardly against the cylinder wall and helping to adequately effect the desired seal.
- the ring slides slightly into the associated groove, is pressed against the upper groove wall, crushes the carbon which is deposited on it, and keeps the ring from sticking.
- Still another object of the invention is to produce an improved piston ring structure wherein at least one wall thereof is inclined inwardly and of a curved cross-section to thereby cooperate with a suitably shaped groove in an associated piston to effect a line-to-line contact between the curved surface of the ring and the outer edge of the groove in the piston.
- Another object of the invention is to produce an improved piston ring having at least one inwardly inclined wall of curved cross-section which may be readily and economically manufactured.
- a specific object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for making an improved piston ring having at least one inwardly machined wall of a curved cross-section.
- the present invention relates to piston rings which are self-tensioned annular metal pieces installed in piston grooves to provide a moveable seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, and the manufacture of such rings.
- the metal used for piston rings must meet a number of requirements.
- the metal must be a good bearing material and have a low rate of wear.
- the metal of the ring will be coated with a material having such properties.
- the metal additionally should be suitably hard and of high strength, yet readily machinable. It must be a good spring material and resistant to fatigue. Ring materials must be able to operate under conditions of boundary lubrication while carrying high loads.
- the metal must substantially retain its mechanical strength while working at elevated temperatures and pressures in the associated engine. Also, the hot corrosive products of combustion should not have an extremely adverse effect on the wearing qualities and properties of the metal of the rings.
- Some types of special facings such as for example a thin bearing surface of antifriction metal or chemical treatment, facilitate the run-in or seating of new rings.
- Such facings may cause tiny rough spots on the surfaces of the rings and the associated cylinder liner to wear off gradually, so that good surface to surface contact is achieved without excess friction which might cause scuffing or scarring.
- a piston ring 10 embodying the features of the present invention, having a gap 12.
- the ring 10 is typically referred to as a keystone- type piston ring having an outer peripheral wall 14 often referred to as the piston ring face; and inwardly converging top wall 16; and inwardly converging bottom wall 18, and an inner wall 20.
- the top wall 16 and the bottom wall 18 are formed to assume a slightly concave cross-sectional configuration, as is more clearly apparent in Figure 4 wherein the piston ring 10 is shown as being received in a groove 22 formed in the peripheral side wall of an associated piston 24.
- the groove 22 is defined by an inwardly converging top wall 26, an inwardly converging bottom wall 28, and a rear wall 30.
- the piston 24 is adapted to reciprocate within a cylinder defined by a cylinder wall 32.
- the diameter of the ring 10 when free, is typically slightly larger than the cylinder bore; consequently, when the ring is squeezed into the cylinder, it presses against the cylinder wall 32 of the engine and tends to effect a seal.
- This initial sealing action is greatly improved in operation by the pressure of the engine during the power stroke, as illustrated in Figure 4 (which exaggerates the clearances for the sake of clarity).
- the pressure of the compression air or of the compression gases against the top surface 16 of the ring 10 forces the ring downwardly on the lower side 28 of the peripheral groove 22 of the associated piston 24, tending to cam the ring 10 radially outwardly.
- FIG. 4 shows the piston and piston ring assembly during the power stroke of the engine wherein the pressure of the combustion gases is instantaneously applied to the top wall 16 and the rear wall 20 of the ring providing an outward pressure component tending to hold the ring face 14 in sealing relation with respect to the cylinder wall 32.
- the technique for finishing the top wall 16 and bottom wall 18 of the ring 10 is accomplished by the apparatus schematically illustrated in Figure 5.
- the apparatus consists basically of a rotating lapping sphere 40, the peripheral surface of which is coated with abrasive particles.
- the piston ring 10 being finished is suitably contained within an annular confining fixture 42.
- a disc shaped hold down plate 44 having a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the confining fixture 42 is employed to apply substantially equal downward pressure to the top wall 16 of the ring 10 to thereby cause the bottom wall 18 of the ring to move into contact with the spherical peripheral surface of the lapping sphere 40 along a path passing thru the cental 40a of lapping sphere 40.
- the lapping sphere 40 has been referred to as being a sphere, which means that it may rotate about an axis passing through its center and accomplish the desired grinding action on the top or bottom wall 16, 18 of the ring 10, an obvious modification of this invention (Fig. 7) would form the lapping surface as a spherical segment surface 45a on a member 45 rotating about the axis of a power shaft 456.
- the main requirements of such member 45 is that (1) the extent of its working surface must be in excess of the diameter of the constrained ring 10 in order that all portions of the surface 16 or 18 of ring 10 are simultaneously contacted by the spherical lapping surface 45a, and (2) the relative movement of the constrained ring 10 and the spherical segment grinding surface be along a path that is coincident with the axis 10a of ring 10 (Fig. 8) and also is a radius of the spherical segment surface 46a.
- FIGs 7 and 8 schematically illustrate an apparatus for the commercial production of piston rings 10 and permits a plurality of such rings to be concurrently ground on the rotating spherical segment surface 45a of a working member 45.
- the machine 46 is provided with a base housing 47 wherein are mounted an appropriate motor and drive mechanism for rotating the working member 45. Also, grinding slurry pumps and a reservoir (not shown) may be contained within the housing 47.
- a plurality of upstanding inverted L-shaped support brackets 50 each bracket functioning to support an axially moveable fixture 60 within which is constrained a piston ring 10 whose converging surface is to be ground to a spherical segment contour in the manner schematically illustrated in Figure 5.
- a conventional fluid actuated cylinder mechanism 55 is suspended from the end of each support post 50 which overlies the rotating spherical segment working surface 45a.
- Cylinder 55 has an output shaft 55a for supporting and axially shifting the constraining fixture 60 within which the piston ring 10 is secured with one of its converging sides exposed so as to be engaged by the rotating spherical segment surface 45a. Since the mechanism for supporting and axially shifting the fixture 60 is entirely conventional, the details thereof have not been shown but it should be understood that fixture 60, hence the ring 10, is moveable into engagement with the rotating spherical segment surface 45a along a path that is coincident with the axis of the constrained ring 10 and also constitutes a radius of the spherical segment working surface 45a.
- the abrasive particles be embedded in the spherical segment surface of the grinding member.
- the abrasive particles may be supplied in the form of a water based or oil based slurry which is applied to the rotating spherical segment surface of the grinding member through a suitable pipe 70.
- Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to that illustrated in the embodiment of Figures 1 through 5, inclusive, but the piston ring 10' includes only a single inwardly converging surface.
- the top wall 16' is flat and generally perpendicular to the ring face 14'.
- the ring 10 includes a rear wall 20' which is generally parallel to the ring face 14', and an inwardly converging bottom wall 18'.
- the associated groove 22' of the piston 24' is formed with an interior configuration similar to the cross-sectional configuration of the ring 10'. More specifically, the groove 22' includes a top wall 26' which is generally flat, an inwardly converging bottom wall 28', and a flat rear wall 30'.
- the sealing action of the piston ring 10' is improved, in operation, by the pressure of the engine gases.
- the pressure of the compression gases against the top wall 16' of the ring 10' forces the ring downwardly on the lower wall 28' of the groove 22' of the piston 24', tending to cam the ring 10' radially outward.
- This action leaves a clearance at the top side 16' of the ring 10', permitting the gas pressure to travel behind the rear wall 20' which acts to additionally urge the ring 10' to expand radially outwardly against the cylinder wall 32'.
- FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the invention which is not as preferable as the previously described embodiment, contemplates a piston ring structure having at least one inwardly converging wall formed to have a slightly convex cross-section configuration.
- the associated groove of the piston adapted to receive the ring would be defined by an inwardly converging facing wall.
- the sealing action of the piston ring is improved by reason of the curved configuration of the ring surface as it contacts the respective groove surface.
- the improved accuracy of the spherical surface of the piston ring results in improved line-to-line contact between the facing surfaces of the piston rings and the respective facing surface of the peripheral groove formed in the piston.
- These line-to-line contacts are preferably radially spaced from one another and typically are spaced apart over a substantial portion of the entire width of the upper and lower sealing surfaces of the piston ring.
- the forces applied against the one ring surface by the combustion gases for example, will actually be concentrated at the opposite surface of the ring and are applied in the concentrated form to the adjacent groove surface along the two spaced apart line-to-line contacts as is clearly illustrated in Figures 4 and 6.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention broadly relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing keystone type piston ring structures which are typically employed as compression rings in engines and utilized in a wide variety of engine applications. The objective of the ring structure is to effect a seal in the space between an associated piston and liner to prevent the high-pressure combustion gases or the air charge from escaping down the liner during the compression or power strokes; to transmit heat energy from the piston to the cooled cylinder liner; and to absorb a certain part of the fluctuations of the piston side thrust.
- Some internal combustion engines have compression rings with the bottom wall or both the bottom and top walls beveled, making the ring thinner at the inside than at the outside diameter. The associated groove in the piston for receiving the ring is machined to the same general shape. The gas pressure acting on the top wall of the ring owing to the beveled bottom surface, produces an additional force pressing the ring outwardly against the cylinder wall and helping to adequately effect the desired seal.
- On the other hand, at each reversal of the side thrust of the piston, the ring slides slightly into the associated groove, is pressed against the upper groove wall, crushes the carbon which is deposited on it, and keeps the ring from sticking.
- It is an objective of the present invention to produce a piston ring structure for a fluid pressure system wherein the sealing relationship of the ring and the associated piston is improved to effect a gas-tight seal.
- It is another object of the invention to produce an improved piston ring structure wherein line-to-line contact is achieved between the piston ring and the peripheral groove in the associated piston to prevent combustion gases, for example, in an internal combustion engine from passing to the crankcase, and oil from passing to the combustion chamber in excess quantities.
- Still another object of the invention is to produce an improved piston ring structure wherein at least one wall thereof is inclined inwardly and of a curved cross-section to thereby cooperate with a suitably shaped groove in an associated piston to effect a line-to-line contact between the curved surface of the ring and the outer edge of the groove in the piston.
- Another object of the invention is to produce an improved piston ring having at least one inwardly inclined wall of curved cross-section which may be readily and economically manufactured.
- A specific object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for making an improved piston ring having at least one inwardly machined wall of a curved cross-section.
- Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following detailed description of an embodiment of the invention when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a top plan view of a piston ring incorporating the salient features of the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a front view of the piston ring illustrated in Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of the piston ring illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the piston ring illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 in use within a groove of an associated piston;
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for achieving the top or bottom wall configuration of the piston ring illustrated in Figures 1 through 4; and
- Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a modified form of the piston and piston ring assembly illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4;
- Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of a modified form of grinding equipment for forming a piston ring in accordance with the method of this invention;
- Figure 8 is an enlarged scale, sectional view of the ring holding mechanism of Figure 7.
- The present invention relates to piston rings which are self-tensioned annular metal pieces installed in piston grooves to provide a moveable seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, and the manufacture of such rings.
- The metal used for piston rings must meet a number of requirements. The metal must be a good bearing material and have a low rate of wear. In certain instances, the metal of the ring will be coated with a material having such properties. The metal additionally should be suitably hard and of high strength, yet readily machinable. It must be a good spring material and resistant to fatigue. Ring materials must be able to operate under conditions of boundary lubrication while carrying high loads. The metal must substantially retain its mechanical strength while working at elevated temperatures and pressures in the associated engine. Also, the hot corrosive products of combustion should not have an extremely adverse effect on the wearing qualities and properties of the metal of the rings.
- To reduce the wear of piston rings and impart desirable characteristics thereto, a number of coatings and platings may be applied.
- Some types of special facings, such as for example a thin bearing surface of antifriction metal or chemical treatment, facilitate the run-in or seating of new rings. Such facings may cause tiny rough spots on the surfaces of the rings and the associated cylinder liner to wear off gradually, so that good surface to surface contact is achieved without excess friction which might cause scuffing or scarring.
- All of the various desirable characteristics of the material of the piston rings cooperate to cause the piston rings to provide an operative moving seal preventing combustion gases from passing to the crankcase and oil from passing to the combustion chamber in excess quantities. This dual function has led to the development over the years of two basic piston ring types - compression rings and oil rings. Within these broad categories, hundreds of different design variations have been developed. Typically, rings of proper design are combined into sets to provide the best and optimum performance for each engine under all operating conditions.
- Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, there is shown a
piston ring 10, embodying the features of the present invention, having agap 12. Thering 10 is typically referred to as a keystone- type piston ring having an outerperipheral wall 14 often referred to as the piston ring face; and inwardly convergingtop wall 16; and inwardly convergingbottom wall 18, and aninner wall 20. Thetop wall 16 and thebottom wall 18 are formed to assume a slightly concave cross-sectional configuration, as is more clearly apparent in Figure 4 wherein thepiston ring 10 is shown as being received in agroove 22 formed in the peripheral side wall of an associatedpiston 24. Thegroove 22 is defined by an inwardly convergingtop wall 26, an inwardly convergingbottom wall 28, and arear wall 30. Thepiston 24 is adapted to reciprocate within a cylinder defined by acylinder wall 32. The diameter of thering 10, when free, is typically slightly larger than the cylinder bore; consequently, when the ring is squeezed into the cylinder, it presses against thecylinder wall 32 of the engine and tends to effect a seal. This initial sealing action is greatly improved in operation by the pressure of the engine during the power stroke, as illustrated in Figure 4 (which exaggerates the clearances for the sake of clarity). The pressure of the compression air or of the compression gases against thetop surface 16 of thering 10 forces the ring downwardly on thelower side 28 of theperipheral groove 22 of the associatedpiston 24, tending to cam thering 10 radially outwardly. This leaves a clearance at thetop side 16 of the ring permitting the gas pressure to travel behind theback wall 20 of the ring. This gas pressure, in turn, acting on theback wall 20 of the ring additionally forces the ring outwardly into firmer contact with thecylinder wall 32. When there is little or no gas pressure to be sealed, the ring is free in thegroove 22 and its own tension creates only a light pressure against thecylinder wall 32, causing minimum friction and wear; but when the gas pressure increases, the ring is caused to press correspondingly tighter both against thecylinder wall 32 and against thepiston groove 22, thus cooperating to improve the seal and reduce the leakage, resulting in a more efficient and pollution-free engine. - It has been found that the curved cross-section configuration of the
top wall 16 and thebottom wall 18 of thering 10 has produced an operative piston ring having improved sealing characteristics and thus improved operating characteristics of the engine. By reason of the curved configuration of the upper and lower surfaces of the piston ring, line-to-line contact is achieved between one of the inwardly converging top or bottom walls of the piston ring and the facing wall of the groove. Specifically, Figure 4 shows the piston and piston ring assembly during the power stroke of the engine wherein the pressure of the combustion gases is instantaneously applied to thetop wall 16 and therear wall 20 of the ring providing an outward pressure component tending to hold thering face 14 in sealing relation with respect to thecylinder wall 32. It will be appreciated that as the above forces act on thering 10, thelower wall 18 of the ring tends to be cammed outwardly along theinclined wall 28 of thegroove 22. Manifestly, this action tends to create and maintain a sealing relation between thering face 14 and thecylinder wall 32. However, during this same time period thelower surface 18 of the ring has established a line-to-line contact with thelower surface 28 of thegroove 22 at the bottom of thewall 20 of the ring as at A and at the outermost edge of thelower wall 28 of thegroove 22 as at B. Thus, the vertical forces tending to push thering 10 into sealing relation with thegroove 22 are concentrated along the line-to-line contacts A and B. It has been found that even during the run-in period for new rings, the configuration has resulted in improved operating characteristics. More specifically, the oil consumption and amoun 3f blowby has been materially decreased through the use of piston rings fabricated in accordance with the above description. - The technique for finishing the
top wall 16 andbottom wall 18 of thering 10 is accomplished by the apparatus schematically illustrated in Figure 5. The apparatus consists basically of a rotatinglapping sphere 40, the peripheral surface of which is coated with abrasive particles. Thepiston ring 10 being finished is suitably contained within an annularconfining fixture 42. A disc shaped hold downplate 44 having a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of theconfining fixture 42 is employed to apply substantially equal downward pressure to thetop wall 16 of thering 10 to thereby cause thebottom wall 18 of the ring to move into contact with the spherical peripheral surface of thelapping sphere 40 along a path passing thru thecental 40a oflapping sphere 40. As thelapping sphere 40 is caused to rotate about its axis, the abrasive particles carried thereby effectively form a concave surface concurrently on all areas of thebottom wall 18 of the containedring 10. When the desired surface configuration and smoothness is achieved, thering 10 is turned over so that theopposite wall 16 is brought into contact with the spherical abrasive surface to achieve the desired concave surface. In order to determine the radius of thelapping sphere 40 to be used for a given ring, the following method has been successfully utilized: - While the
lapping sphere 40 has been referred to as being a sphere, which means that it may rotate about an axis passing through its center and accomplish the desired grinding action on the top orbottom wall ring 10, an obvious modification of this invention (Fig. 7) would form the lapping surface as aspherical segment surface 45a on amember 45 rotating about the axis of a power shaft 456. The main requirements ofsuch member 45 is that (1) the extent of its working surface must be in excess of the diameter of the constrainedring 10 in order that all portions of thesurface ring 10 are simultaneously contacted by thespherical lapping surface 45a, and (2) the relative movement of the constrainedring 10 and the spherical segment grinding surface be along a path that is coincident with theaxis 10a of ring 10 (Fig. 8) and also is a radius of the spherical segment surface 46a. - Figures 7 and 8 schematically illustrate an apparatus for the commercial production of
piston rings 10 and permits a plurality of such rings to be concurrently ground on the rotatingspherical segment surface 45a of a workingmember 45. Themachine 46 is provided with a base housing 47 wherein are mounted an appropriate motor and drive mechanism for rotating the workingmember 45. Also, grinding slurry pumps and a reservoir (not shown) may be contained within the housing 47. In spaced relationship around the housing 47 are provided a plurality of upstanding inverted L-shapedsupport brackets 50, each bracket functioning to support an axiallymoveable fixture 60 within which is constrained apiston ring 10 whose converging surface is to be ground to a spherical segment contour in the manner schematically illustrated in Figure 5. A conventional fluid actuatedcylinder mechanism 55 is suspended from the end of eachsupport post 50 which overlies the rotating sphericalsegment working surface 45a.Cylinder 55 has anoutput shaft 55a for supporting and axially shifting the constrainingfixture 60 within which thepiston ring 10 is secured with one of its converging sides exposed so as to be engaged by the rotatingspherical segment surface 45a. Since the mechanism for supporting and axially shifting thefixture 60 is entirely conventional, the details thereof have not been shown but it should be understood thatfixture 60, hence thering 10, is moveable into engagement with the rotatingspherical segment surface 45a along a path that is coincident with the axis of the constrainedring 10 and also constitutes a radius of the sphericalsegment working surface 45a. - Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is unnecessary that the abrasive particles be embedded in the spherical segment surface of the grinding member. Alternatively, as illustrated in Figure 7, the abrasive particles may be supplied in the form of a water based or oil based slurry which is applied to the rotating spherical segment surface of the grinding member through a
suitable pipe 70. - Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to that illustrated in the embodiment of Figures 1 through 5, inclusive, but the piston ring 10' includes only a single inwardly converging surface. In this particular embodiment of Figure 6, the top wall 16' is flat and generally perpendicular to the ring face 14'. The
ring 10 includes a rear wall 20' which is generally parallel to the ring face 14', and an inwardly converging bottom wall 18'. The associatedgroove 22' of the piston 24' is formed with an interior configuration similar to the cross-sectional configuration of the ring 10'. More specifically, thegroove 22' includes a top wall 26' which is generally flat, an inwardly converging bottom wall 28', and a flat rear wall 30'. As in the previously described embodiment, the sealing action of the piston ring 10' is improved, in operation, by the pressure of the engine gases. During the power stroke, for example, the pressure of the compression gases against the top wall 16' of the ring 10' forces the ring downwardly on the lower wall 28' of thegroove 22' of the piston 24', tending to cam the ring 10' radially outward. This action leaves a clearance at the top side 16' of the ring 10', permitting the gas pressure to travel behind the rear wall 20' which acts to additionally urge the ring 10' to expand radially outwardly against the cylinder wall 32'. - As in the earlier described embodiment, improved sealing characteristics and operating characteristics are achieved by reason of the curved configuration of the bottom wall 18'. This line-to-line contact established between the curved bottom wall 18' of the ring 10' and the bottom wall 28' of the associated
groove 22' as at A' and B' in Figure 6 has resulted in improved operating characteristics. - Another embodiment of the invention which is not as preferable as the previously described embodiment, contemplates a piston ring structure having at least one inwardly converging wall formed to have a slightly convex cross-section configuration. The associated groove of the piston adapted to receive the ring would be defined by an inwardly converging facing wall.
- As in the previously described embodiments, the sealing action of the piston ring is improved by reason of the curved configuration of the ring surface as it contacts the respective groove surface.
- As described with respect to each of the embodiments of the invention, the improved accuracy of the spherical surface of the piston ring results in improved line-to-line contact between the facing surfaces of the piston rings and the respective facing surface of the peripheral groove formed in the piston. These line-to-line contacts are preferably radially spaced from one another and typically are spaced apart over a substantial portion of the entire width of the upper and lower sealing surfaces of the piston ring. Also, it will be appreciated that, in operation the forces applied against the one ring surface by the combustion gases, for example, will actually be concentrated at the opposite surface of the ring and are applied in the concentrated form to the adjacent groove surface along the two spaced apart line-to-line contacts as is clearly illustrated in Figures 4 and 6.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/947,203 US4208845A (en) | 1977-03-18 | 1978-09-29 | Method for grinding piston rings |
US947203 | 1997-10-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0020502A1 EP0020502A1 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
EP0020502A4 EP0020502A4 (en) | 1981-02-04 |
EP0020502B1 true EP0020502B1 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
Family
ID=25485721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79901360A Expired EP0020502B1 (en) | 1978-09-29 | 1980-04-22 | Method and apparatus for grinding piston rings |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0020502B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55500828A (en) |
AR (1) | AR223849A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU534639B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1116863A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2963680D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES484548A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN152905B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1193284B (en) |
MX (1) | MX151646A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980000671A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN103317414A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-25 | 林全忠 | Grinding device and grinding method for oil scraping rings |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4427002A (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1984-01-24 | Hexcel Corporation | Cold water curable orthopedic cast |
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US1783047A (en) * | 1927-06-01 | 1930-11-25 | Lewis C Marshall | Method of making steel piston rings |
GB501286A (en) * | 1937-08-23 | 1939-02-23 | Frank Ewart Tranter | Improvements relating to piston packing rings and methods of making the same |
US2474358A (en) * | 1941-11-24 | 1949-06-28 | Wellworthy Piston Rings Ltd | Means for lapping taper sided split rings |
US2663127A (en) * | 1952-09-13 | 1953-12-22 | Bausch & Lomb | Abradant supplying means |
GB879754A (en) * | 1959-12-14 | 1961-10-11 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Seals and method of producing mating sealing surfaces |
US3377750A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1968-04-16 | Spitfire Tool & Machine Co Inc | Self-positioning combination work holder and dressing ring for flat lapping machines |
US3918211A (en) * | 1968-09-06 | 1975-11-11 | Int Harvester Co | Ring manufacture, productive of line contact seal |
US3971165A (en) * | 1971-11-05 | 1976-07-27 | International Harvester Company | Ring manufacture, productive of face contact seal |
US4123072A (en) * | 1977-03-18 | 1978-10-31 | Dana Corporation | Piston ring assembly and method of making same |
-
1979
- 1979-09-07 DE DE7979901360T patent/DE2963680D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-07 WO PCT/US1979/000716 patent/WO1980000671A1/en unknown
- 1979-09-07 JP JP50174479A patent/JPS55500828A/ja active Pending
- 1979-09-20 AU AU51018/79A patent/AU534639B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-09-24 IN IN1001/CAL/79A patent/IN152905B/en unknown
- 1979-09-27 IT IT50382/79A patent/IT1193284B/en active
- 1979-09-27 AR AR278217A patent/AR223849A1/en active
- 1979-09-27 MX MX179426A patent/MX151646A/en unknown
- 1979-09-28 ES ES484548A patent/ES484548A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-28 CA CA000336652A patent/CA1116863A/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-04-22 EP EP79901360A patent/EP0020502B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103317414A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-25 | 林全忠 | Grinding device and grinding method for oil scraping rings |
CN103317414B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-05-25 | 林全忠 | The grinding attachment of oil scraper ring and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7950382A0 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
AR223849A1 (en) | 1981-09-30 |
ES484548A1 (en) | 1980-04-16 |
CA1116863A (en) | 1982-01-26 |
IN152905B (en) | 1984-04-28 |
AU5101879A (en) | 1980-04-03 |
IT1193284B (en) | 1988-06-15 |
EP0020502A4 (en) | 1981-02-04 |
EP0020502A1 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
AU534639B2 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
JPS55500828A (en) | 1980-10-23 |
DE2963680D1 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
WO1980000671A1 (en) | 1980-04-17 |
MX151646A (en) | 1985-01-25 |
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