EP0020262B1 - Isolated-collector assembly for power tubes and tube comprising such a collector - Google Patents
Isolated-collector assembly for power tubes and tube comprising such a collector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0020262B1 EP0020262B1 EP80400744A EP80400744A EP0020262B1 EP 0020262 B1 EP0020262 B1 EP 0020262B1 EP 80400744 A EP80400744 A EP 80400744A EP 80400744 A EP80400744 A EP 80400744A EP 0020262 B1 EP0020262 B1 EP 0020262B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- fins
- assembly
- cylinder
- respect
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/027—Collectors
- H01J23/033—Collector cooling devices
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is an insulated collector assembly and a tube fitted with such a collector.
- a collector To increase the efficiency of electronic tubes and particularly of traveling wave tubes, electrons are collected at the end of their journey by an electrode, the collector brought to a potential between that of the cathode and ground (potential of the anode).
- the collector is massive and has the shape of a cone dug in a metal cylinder, to distribute the temperature in the collector as well as possible.
- it is difficult to braze the copper mass inside an insulating cylinder, this because of the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion between the metal and the insulator, in general copper and a ceramic.
- the subject of the invention is an insulated collector for a power tube which makes it possible to solve this problem.
- the collector is provided on its surface with flexible metal fins of elongated shape, obtained by machining, in the mass of the collector and along generatrices of the cylinder forming its outer surface, equidistant grooves.
- the insulated collector according to the invention is of the type comprising an insulating sleeve and assembly means between the insulating sleeve and the metal part constituting the collecting electrode.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 we can see the collector 1, made of solid copper for example, receiving the electrons of a beam generated by an assembly not shown. These electrons impact on the various parts of the interior surface of the collector which has the shape of a truncated cone of revolution.
- This collector can be connected to a fixed potential by a connection 2.
- the external collector surface carries elastic parts in the form of fins, an example of which will be seen below. These fins are brazed onto a thin copper tube 4 coaxial with the tube.
- This thin cylinder 4 is itself brazed inside a tube 5 of insulating material, such as ceramic, surrounding the assembly and ensuring its isolation.
- the ceramic tube 5 is itself surrounded by a tube 6 ensuring the cooling.
- This last cylinder supports an insulating part 7 which supports the connection range 8, through which the connection 2 passes.
- these grooves reproduce with a pitch of the order of 2 mm in both directions.
- the assembly forms the fins inclined at an angle of the order of 45 ° on the axis, in one direction for the fins 30 and in the other for the fins 31.
- the grooves have a depth of 3 mm and a width and 0.5 mm for example.
- Figures 4 and 5 show in longitudinal couple and in cross section, how the fins deform when the collector temperature varies significantly, that is to say for example, when allowed to cool after operation, or during soldering and after cooling.
- the coefficient of expansion of copper being stronger than that of ceramic, it contracts more quickly, and we see in dotted lines that the fins pivot in the plane of cross section, as well as in the transverse plane .
- FIG. 6 there are, as shown in FIG. 2, fins 30 and 31 having different inclinations, a central cross section delimiting the border between the zone of the fins 30 and 31.
- the inner cylinder 4 of copper has the advantage of distributing the heat more evenly on the one hand; on the other hand, the brazing of the grooved collector is more delicate than the brazing of a smooth cylinder.
- the collector body is made of copper, since this metal has both a high thermal conductivity and a fairly high melting point.
- this metal has both a high thermal conductivity and a fairly high melting point.
- the expansion coefficient of the collector may be lower than that of the insulation; the same geometry could be preserved, except that: the angle of inclination of the grooves would be quite small at the start, just enough so that, during cooling, these grooves tilt in the same direction.
- a copper crown must be brazed so that the grooves can be machined there.
- the collector is made up of several isolated electrodes (collector with two or more stages).
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Description
L'invention a pour objet un ensemble collecteur isolé et un tube équipé d'un tel collecteur. Pour augmenter le rendement des tubes électroniques et particulièrement des tubes à ondes progressives, les électrons sont recueillis en fin de parcours par une électrode, le collecteur porté à un potentiel compris entre celui de la cathode et la masse (potentiel de l'anode).The subject of the invention is an insulated collector assembly and a tube fitted with such a collector. To increase the efficiency of electronic tubes and particularly of traveling wave tubes, electrons are collected at the end of their journey by an electrode, the collector brought to a potential between that of the cathode and ground (potential of the anode).
Pour les tubes de grande puissance cette électrode dissipe plusieurs kilowatts. Son refroidissement pose de délicats problèmes. En effet, quel que soit le système de refroidissement, il y a intérêt à ce que le fluide de refroidissement ne soit en contact qu'avec des matériaux au potentiel de la masse. Ceci est particulièrement le cas quand le tube est refroidi par conduction.For high power tubes this electrode dissipates several kilowatts. Its cooling poses delicate problems. Indeed, whatever the cooling system, it is advantageous for the cooling fluid to be in contact only with materials at ground potential. This is particularly the case when the tube is cooled by conduction.
Quand la puissance dissipée atteint plusieurs kilowatts, il y a intérêt à ce que le collecteur soit massif et ait la forme d'un cône creusé dans un cylindre métallique, pour répartir au mieux la température dans le collecteur. Dans ce cas, il est difficile de braser la masse de cuivre à l'intérieur d'un cylindre isolant, ceci à cause des différences de coefficient de dilatation thermique entre le métal et l'isolant, en général le cuivre et une céramique.When the dissipated power reaches several kilowatts, it is advantageous that the collector is massive and has the shape of a cone dug in a metal cylinder, to distribute the temperature in the collector as well as possible. In this case, it is difficult to braze the copper mass inside an insulating cylinder, this because of the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion between the metal and the insulator, in general copper and a ceramic.
L'invention a pour objet un collecteur isolé pour tube de puissance qui permet de résoudre ce problème.The subject of the invention is an insulated collector for a power tube which makes it possible to solve this problem.
Le brevet us. 3.666.9.80 décrit un ensemble collecteur d'électrons isolé pour tube électronique de type comportant un manchon réalisé en céramique et un collecteur.The us patent. 3,666.9.80 describes an isolated electron collector assembly for an electronic tube of the type comprising a sleeve made of ceramic and a collector.
Le collecteur est muni à sa surface d'ailettes métalliques souples de forme allongée, obtenues en usinant, dans la masse du collecteur et le long de génératrices du cylindre formant sa surface extérieure, des rainures équidistantes.The collector is provided on its surface with flexible metal fins of elongated shape, obtained by machining, in the mass of the collector and along generatrices of the cylinder forming its outer surface, equidistant grooves.
Le collecteur isolé selon l'invention est du type comportant un manchon isolant et des moyens d'assemblage entre le manchon isolant et la pièce métallique constituant l'électrode collectrice.The insulated collector according to the invention is of the type comprising an insulating sleeve and assembly means between the insulating sleeve and the metal part constituting the collecting electrode.
Il se caractérise essentiellement en ce que sur la surface extérieure de la pièce collectrice sont disposées des pièces de métal souples de forme allongée, et pouvant supporter des efforts de flexion et de compression.It is essentially characterized in that on the external surface of the collecting piece are arranged flexible metal pieces of elongated shape, and able to withstand bending and compression forces.
L'invention sera mieux comprise au moyen de la description suivante en se référant aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels:
- La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de réalisation de collecteur selon l'invention.
- La figure 2 montre en perspective le collecteur avant montage de la céramique.
- La figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale de l'exemple de la figure 1.
- Les figures 4 et 5 montrent les effets de la dilatation sur le dispositif de la figure 1.
- La figure 6 montre en coupe un exemple de répartition des éléments de couplage.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the collector according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows in perspective the collector before mounting the ceramic.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the example of FIG. 1.
- Figures 4 and 5 show the effects of expansion on the device of Figure 1.
- Figure 6 shows in section an example of distribution of the coupling elements.
Sur les figures 1 et 3, on voit le collecteur 1, en cuivre massif par exemple, recevant les électrons d'un faisceau engendré par un ensemble non représenté. Ces électrons font impact sur les diverses parties de la surface intérieure du collecteur qui a une forme de tronc de cône de révolution.In FIGS. 1 and 3, we can see the
Ce collecteur peut être relié à un potentiel fixe par une connexion 2. La surface extérieure de collecteur porte des pièces élastiques en forme d'ailettes dont on verra plus loin un exemple de réalisation. Ces ailettes sont brasées surn un tube de cuivre mince 4 coaxial avec le tube.This collector can be connected to a fixed potential by a connection 2. The external collector surface carries elastic parts in the form of fins, an example of which will be seen below. These fins are brazed onto a
Ce cylindre mince 4 est lui-même brasé à l'intérieur d'un tube 5 de matériau isolant, tel que la céramique, entourant l'ensemble et a assurant son isolement. Le tube de céramique 5 est lui-même entouré d'un tube 6 assurant le refroidissement.This
Ce dernier cylindre supporte une pièce isolante 7 qui supporte la gamme de connexion 8, à travers laquelle passe la connexion 2.This last cylinder supports an insulating part 7 which supports the
Sur la figure 2, on voit clairement en perspective, le collecteur 2 muni de ses ailettes 30 et 31. Celles-ci résultent de la formation de rainures le long de sections droites successives et de génératrices du cylindre.In Figure 2, we clearly see in perspective, the manifold 2 provided with its
Dans le cas d'un collecteur de diamètre 40 mm, ces rainures se reproduisent avec un pas de l'ordre de 2 mm dans les deux directions. L'ensemble forme les ailettes inclinées d'un angle de l'ordre de 45° sur l'axe, dans une direction pour les ailettes 30 et dans l'autre pour les ailettes 31. Les rainures ont une profondeur de 3 mm et une largeur et 0,5 mm par exemple..In the case of a 40 mm diameter collector, these grooves reproduce with a pitch of the order of 2 mm in both directions. The assembly forms the fins inclined at an angle of the order of 45 ° on the axis, in one direction for the
Les figures 4 et 5 montrent en couple longitudinale et en coupe transversale, comment se déforment les ailettes quand la température du collecteur varie de façon notable, c'est-à-dire par exemple, quand on le laisse se refroidir après fonctionnement, ou encore au moment du brasage et après refroidissement.Figures 4 and 5 show in longitudinal couple and in cross section, how the fins deform when the collector temperature varies significantly, that is to say for example, when allowed to cool after operation, or during soldering and after cooling.
Au cours du refroidissement le coefficient de dilatation du cuivre étant plus fort que celui de la céramique, il se contracte plus vite, et l'on voit en pointillés que les ailettes pivotent dans le plan de section droite, de même que dans le plan transversal.During cooling, the coefficient of expansion of copper being stronger than that of ceramic, it contracts more quickly, and we see in dotted lines that the fins pivot in the plane of cross section, as well as in the transverse plane .
Figure 6, on a, comme représenté figure 2, des ailettes 30 et 31 présentant des inclinaisons différentes, une section droite centrale délimitant la frontière entre la zone des ailettes 30 et 31.In FIG. 6, there are, as shown in FIG. 2,
Le cylindre intérieur 4 de cuivre présente l'avantage de répartir la chaleur plus uniformément d'une part; d'autre part, le brasage du collecteur rainuré est plus délicat que le brasage d'un cylindre lisse.The
Lors du refroidissement, l'ensemble ne restant pas parfaitement isotherme, les efforts dus aux différences de dilatation sont plus grands aux endroits les plus froids; le cylindre de cuivre répartit alors les contraintes grâce à sa bonne malléabilité.During cooling, the assembly not remaining perfectly isothermal, the forces due to the differences in expansion are greater in the coldest places; the copper cylinder then distributes the stresses thanks to its good malleability.
Le sous-ensemble peut, par exemple, être réalisé comme suit:
- Le cylindre de
cuivre 1 ayant la forme intérieure du collecteur avec ses rainures inclinées d'un angle voisin de 45°, est préalablement brasé à l'aide d'une brasure à haut point de fusion, vers 900°C, par exemple, à l'intérieur du cylindre decuivre 4. Ensuite l'ensemble est brasé, avec de la brasure eutectique argent-cuivre fondant à 780°C, à lacéramique 5 préalablement métallisée, en même temps, par exemple, que le cylindre extérieur de cuivre mince 4.
- The
copper cylinder 1 having the internal shape of the collector with its grooves inclined at an angle close to 45 °, is previously brazed using a brazing with high melting point, at around 900 ° C, for example the interior of thecopper cylinder 4. Then the assembly is brazed, with eutectic silver-copper brazing melting at 780 ° C., with ceramic 5 previously metallized, at the same time, for example, as the external copper cylinder thin 4.
Généralement, le corps du collecteur est en cuivre, car ce métal possède à la fois une conductivité thermique élevée et un point de fusion assez haut. Néanmoins, pour certaines applications, pour des tubes opérant en régime d'impulsions, il peut être avantageux de réaliser un collectuer entièrement ou en partie avec un métal plus réfractaire, le molybdène par exemple. Dans ce cas, le coefficient de dilatation du collecteur peut être plus faible que celui de l'isolant; la même géométrie pourrait être conservée, à ceci près: l'angle d'inclinaison des rainures serait au départ assez faible, juste ce qu'il faut pour que, lors du refroidissement, ces rainures s'inclinent dans le même sens. De toute façon, sur le collecteur en métal réfractaire, une couronne de cuivre devra être brasée de façon à pouvoir y usiner les rainures.Generally, the collector body is made of copper, since this metal has both a high thermal conductivity and a fairly high melting point. However, for certain applications, for tubes operating in pulse regime, it may be advantageous to produce a collection entirely or in part with a more refractory metal, molybdenum for example. In this case, the expansion coefficient of the collector may be lower than that of the insulation; the same geometry could be preserved, except that: the angle of inclination of the grooves would be quite small at the start, just enough so that, during cooling, these grooves tilt in the same direction. In any case, on the refractory metal collector, a copper crown must be brazed so that the grooves can be machined there.
Dans le cas où, à l'extérieur du cylindre isolant un cylindre massif devrait être brasé à la place du cylindre de cuivre mince, le même procédé pourrait être appliqué; dans ce cas, les rainures seraient très légèrement inclinées au départ, de façon à ce qu'elles s'inclinent dans le même sens lors du refroidissement après brasage.In the case where, outside the insulating cylinder, a solid cylinder should be brazed in place of the thin copper cylinder, the same process could be applied; in this case, the grooves would be very slightly inclined at the start, so that they incline in the same direction during cooling after brazing.
Il est évident que cette invention s'applique également au cas où le collecteur serait constitué de plusieurs électrodes isolées (collecteur à deux étages ou plus).It is obvious that this invention also applies to the case where the collector is made up of several isolated electrodes (collector with two or more stages).
D'autre part, si le cuivre s'impose dans la plupart des cas comme matériau malléable, d'autres métaux pourraient éventuellement être utilisés, comme l'aluminium par exemple.On the other hand, if copper is essential in most cases as a malleable material, other metals could possibly be used, such as aluminum for example.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7913983 | 1979-05-31 | ||
| FR7913983A FR2458140A1 (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | INSULATED COLLECTOR ASSEMBLY FOR POWER TUBES AND TUBE COMPRISING SUCH A COLLECTOR |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0020262A1 EP0020262A1 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| EP0020262B1 true EP0020262B1 (en) | 1984-02-15 |
Family
ID=9226104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80400744A Expired EP0020262B1 (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1980-05-28 | Isolated-collector assembly for power tubes and tube comprising such a collector |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4358707A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0020262B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55161336A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3066564D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2458140A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4504762A (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1985-03-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Buffer for an electron beam collector |
| JPS6059633A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-04-06 | Nec Corp | Microwave tube |
| JPS61156154U (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-27 | ||
| US5215748A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1993-06-01 | Mankovitz Roy J | Topical preparation and method for suppression of skin eruptions caused herpes simplex virus |
| US5436525A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1995-07-25 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Highly depressed, high thermal capacity, conduction cooled collector |
| US6411513B1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2002-06-25 | Jacques Normand Bedard | Compliant thermal interface devices and method of making the devices |
| US20040222744A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-11-11 | Communications & Power Industries, Inc., | Vacuum tube electrode structure |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1349152A (en) * | 1962-05-08 | 1964-01-17 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Collector for electron beam tubes of annular section |
| US3666980A (en) * | 1970-10-20 | 1972-05-30 | Varian Associates | Depressable beam collector structure for electron tubes |
| US3746087A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1973-07-17 | Varian Associates | Heat dissipation device |
| US3823772A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1974-07-16 | Varian Associates | Electrical insulator assembly |
| US3824425A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1974-07-16 | Sperry Rand Corp | Suppressor electrode for depressed electron beam collector |
| DE2355936C2 (en) * | 1973-11-08 | 1975-09-25 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Electron beam catcher for time-of-flight tubes and process for its manufacture |
| US4054811A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1977-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electron beam collector |
-
1979
- 1979-05-31 FR FR7913983A patent/FR2458140A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-05-28 DE DE8080400744T patent/DE3066564D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-28 EP EP80400744A patent/EP0020262B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-29 US US06/154,274 patent/US4358707A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-05-30 JP JP7156880A patent/JPS55161336A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2458140B1 (en) | 1982-02-12 |
| DE3066564D1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
| EP0020262A1 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| JPS55161336A (en) | 1980-12-15 |
| US4358707A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
| FR2458140A1 (en) | 1980-12-26 |
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