EP0020034A1 - Procédé d'apprêtage durable de produits textiles sans formaldéhyde, agent d'apprêtage pour le procédé, et produits textiles ainsi traités - Google Patents

Procédé d'apprêtage durable de produits textiles sans formaldéhyde, agent d'apprêtage pour le procédé, et produits textiles ainsi traités Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0020034A1
EP0020034A1 EP80301460A EP80301460A EP0020034A1 EP 0020034 A1 EP0020034 A1 EP 0020034A1 EP 80301460 A EP80301460 A EP 80301460A EP 80301460 A EP80301460 A EP 80301460A EP 0020034 A1 EP0020034 A1 EP 0020034A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
formaldehyde
durable press
glyoxal
finishing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80301460A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Lavaine Worth
Ernest Aaron Freeman Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riegel Textile Corp
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Riegel Textile Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/036,035 external-priority patent/US4269603A/en
Priority claimed from US06/036,641 external-priority patent/US4269602A/en
Application filed by Riegel Textile Corp filed Critical Riegel Textile Corp
Publication of EP0020034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020034A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
    • D06M15/647—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing polyether sequences

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a non-formaldehyde durable press finish for textile fabrics and to a novel and advantageous process for imparting durable press properties to a textile fabric characterized by avoiding the use of formaldehyde or formaldehyde-based compounds.
  • the present invention also relates to durable press textile fabrics treated with said non-formaldehyde finish.
  • Formaldehyde has been used in the textile industry for a number of years in a variety of applications. Perhaps one of its widest uses is as an ingredient in durable press finishes for fabrics containing cellulosic fibers. Recently, however, there has been increasing concern over safety and health hazards presented by the use of .formaldehyde. It has been determined that exposure to formaldehyde on fabrics or in the air can cause allergic reactions in some persons. It has even been suggested that formaldehyde may be a carcinogenic or mutagenic agent.
  • DMEU dimethylol ethylene urea
  • DMDHEU dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea
  • the methylol group (-CH 2 -OH) of all of these durable press agents is formed by formaldehyde and is the group that cross-links with cellulose to give durable press properties. There is no way to prevent some formaldehyde from being released when this cross-linking (curing) occurs. In addition, some free formaldehyde usually remains in the cured fabric. If the residual free formaldehyde is to be removed from the fabric, an afterwashing operation is required, but even this is not totally effective.
  • formaldehyde is regarded as a "necessary evil" in durable press finishes.
  • the primary approach to the formaldehyde problem has thus been to attempt to reduce formaldehyde levels.
  • Various approaches have been employed, such as varying the catalyst systems used or reducing the amount of formaldehyde-based resin in the finish by employing a resin extender, such as silicone. These approaches are not very effective, however, and the formaldehyde levels in the finishing plant and in the fabric remain undesirably high.
  • the present invention provides a durable press treatment which has succeeded in eliminating any dependence on the use of formaldehyde or formaldehyde-generating chemicals, and thus avoids the attendant problems and hazards of formaldehyde in the finishing operation and in the finished fabric.
  • the present invention achieves durable press fabric properties which are comparable, if not superior, to those obtained by conventional formaldehyde-based durable press treatments.
  • the treatment method can be carried out at a competitive cost and on the same apparatus which is used for conventional formaldehyde-based durable press treatments.
  • the formaldehyde-free durable press finishing agent of the present invention contains as fiber treating agents a mixture of two readily available materials, glyoxal and reactive silicone. Each of these materials has been previously used in textile finishing applications. However, so far as applicant is aware these two materials have never been used in combination with one another in a process for imparting durable press properties to a fabric.
  • Reactive silicone for example, is commercially sold as a softener and resin extender for use in combination with formaldehyde-based durable press resins to reduce the amount of resin required while also imparting desirable hand properties to the finished fabric.
  • the silicone is thus used as an additive to a resin which itself has the capability of imparting durable press properties to the fabric.
  • the effect of silicone on resin treated cellulosic fabrics is considered by Simpson in Textile Research Journal, February 1958.
  • Glyoxal as noted earlier, has previously been used as an ingredient in a formaldehyde-based durable press resin. Additionally, several early patents disclose the use of glyoxal for dimensionally stabilizing or shrink-proofing fabrics made of regenerated cellulose, as for example the Pfeiffer, Jr., et al U. S. Patents Nos. 2,412,832; 2,436,076 and 2,530,175.
  • the drawing is a graph comparing the amount of free formaldehyde present in fabrics treated with two conventional formaldehyde-based durable press resins and with the non-formaldehyde durable press finishing agent of the present invention. Free formaldehyde (in parts per million) is plotted against curing time in seconds.
  • the amount of free formaldehyde in the fabric was determined by the Sealed Jar Method (AATCC Test Method 112-19781. This test method is intended to detect free formaldehyde over a range from about 300 ppm, which is undetectable by the nose, to about 3500 ppm, which is very odoriferous.
  • the curve indicated by triangles which shows the highest amount of free formaldehyde, is a commercially available resin which is a blend of urea formaldehyde, DMDHEU, and butyl triazone.
  • the curve indicated by squares is a commercially available DMDHEU (glyoxal formaldehyde-based resin) product.
  • the curve indicated by circles is the non-formaldehyde durable press finishing agent of the present invention.
  • the small level of free formaldehyde measured in the non-formaldehyde samples is well below the minimum sensitivity of the current standard test method for formaldehyde detection. Work directed toward a more accurate test method for determination of very small amounts of formaldehyde in a fabric is continuing.
  • Durable press fabrics produced in accordance with the present invention are thus essentially free of formaldehyde. Any formaldehyde which might be found in the fabric would be attributable either to impurities present in the glyoxal or other reactants, degradation of the glyoxal, or pick-up from formaldehyde vapors present in the air. There is no purposeful addition of formaldehyde to the finish formulation.
  • the non-formaldehyde durable press treatment of the present invention is applicable to textile fabrics which are formed at least partially of cellulosic fibers, such as cotton and synthetic fiber blend fabrics as well as 100% cotton fabrics.
  • the finishing agent may be applied to the fabric in the same manner that conventional formaldehyde-based durable press finishes are applied, such as for example by impregnation with an aqueous bath or foam of the finishing agent.
  • the fabric is then dried and thereafter cured by heating.
  • the invention is applicable for producing both precured and postcure fabrics.
  • precured fabrics are cured during the finishing operation, usually immediately following drying of the impregnated fabric.
  • postcure fabrics the fabric is impregnated with the finishing agent and dried, but the curing is performed at a later time, usually after the fabric has been cut and formed into garments.
  • the fabric is impregnated by padding with an aqueous bath of the non-formaldehyde finishing agent to obtain 'a wet pick-up of about 45 to about 100 percent by weight.
  • the fabric is then dried on a tenter frame operating at an elevated temperature of up to about 300° F. If the fabric is to be postcured, it is dried to a moisture content of about five to ten percent and then removed from the tenter frame. If the fabric is to be precured, curing may be carried out on the tenter frame immediately following drying by heating the fabric in a curing chamber at a temperature of about 350 - 400° F for up to about two minutes until sufficiently cured. Following curing, the fabric may be subjected to an after-washing operation if desired.
  • Glyoxal for use in the present invention is available in commercial quantities as an aqueous solution,. usually about 40 percent concentration.
  • the reactive silicone materials which may be suitably employed in the present invention are available from various manufacturers. These materials are designed and sold for use as softening agents and durable press resin extenders for textile finishing applications. They generally are available as stable reactive organosilicone emulsions which are readily dilutable with water. Manufacturers sometimes.recommend that the reactive silicone material be used in conjunction with cross-linking additives, such as silane, but when employed pursuant to the
  • the cross-linking additive is not essential. Suitable results have been observed both with and without use of the recommended cross-linking additives.
  • Illustrative, but non-limiting examples of suitable reactive silicones include General Electric Silicone Softener/ Resin Extender SM2129, Dow Corning 1111 Silicone Emulsion, Union Carbide Y-9224 Silicone Emulsion and General Electric Silicone Softener/Resin Extender XM-124-5557.
  • the glyoxal and reactive silicone fiber treating agents are applied to the fabric in the presence of a catalyst.
  • Catalysts suitable for use with conventional formaldehyde-based durable press resins may also be used with the non-formaldehyde finishing agent of the present invention.
  • Conventional durable press catalysts include metal salt catalysts, latent catalysts, and acid or acid salt catalysts.
  • Illustrative,.but non-limiting examples of such catalysts include the following: zinc fluoborate, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, amine hydrochlorides, and zinc nitrate.
  • a number of the conventional durable press catalysts when used with the non-formaldehyde durable press finishing agent of the present invention, have been found to cause discoloration or change of shade in the fabric when allowed ; to remain on the fabric following curing.
  • these catalysts may be suitably used with the present invention with no adverse effect when the fabric is subjected to an after-washing operation following curing, since the catalysts are removed from the fabric by the after-washing treatment.
  • a metal sulfate salt particularly suitable as a catalyst is a metal sulfate blend which comprises a mixture of aluminum sulfate and magnesium sulfate in substantially equal proportions.
  • an additional agent for reducing the acidity of the finished fabric may be incorporated in the non-formaldehyde durable press finish formulation.
  • This additional agent is referred to herein as a buffering agent since it is believed to form a buffer system in the aqueous finish formulation which results in moderating the strongly acid characteristics of the glyoxal in the finished fabric.
  • the function of the agent is to decrease the acidity of the finished .fabric, and it is highly important that this be accomplished without counteracting the ability of the glyoxal and reactive silicone fiber treating agents for imparting durable press properties to the fabric.
  • Illustrative but non-limiting examples of compounds which have been found suitable as agents for decreasing the acidity of the finished fabric include sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, sodium acetate, sodium tartrate, borax, sodium metaborate, and mixtures of two or more of these salts.
  • a preferred class of such agents are the alkali metal salts of weak acids.
  • the amount of the compound used depends upon the characteristics of the particular compound, the amount of glyoxal in the finish formulation and the final fabric pH desired. Preferably, it is used in an amount sufficient to achieve a pH of at least 4, and preferably 4.5 in the finished fabric. Typically, this represents about 20 to 60% by weight buffering agent, based on the solids content of the glyoxal.
  • the buffering agent is preferably used in the smallest amount possible which provides adequate reduction in acidity.
  • buffering agents may also in some way interact with the catalyst, lessening its effectiveness and thus resulting in a reduction in durable press performance. Additionally, certain of the buffering agents have in some instances been observed to cause discoloration or change of shade in the fabric.
  • sodium metaborate octahydrate is a highly effective agent for reducing the fabric acidity and the preferred agent for use in the non-formaldehyde durable press formulation of the present invention.
  • This compound also avoids undesirable side effects such as fabric discoloration or change of shade. Additionally, when this compound is used in combination with the preferred metal sulfate blend catalyst described above, very little interference or interaction with the catalyst is observed.
  • the formaldehyde-free finishing agent of the present invention may optionally include small amounts of a wetting agent for facilitating the wetting and penetration of the finishing agent into the fabric.
  • a wetting agent for facilitating the wetting and penetration of the finishing agent into the fabric.
  • wetting agents are nonionic surfactants such as ethoxylated decyl alcohols, ethoxylated nonyl alcohols, ethoxylated secondary alcohols, and alkylaryl polyether alcohols.
  • suitable commercially available wetting agents are: Triton X-100, a product of Rohm and Haas, .and MYKON NRW, available from Sun Chemical Corporation.
  • textile finishing modifiers or additives may be incorporated in the formulation, if desired, including hand builders or hand modifiers such as polyvinyl acetate or acrylic resins, softeners, soil release agents, etc.
  • the glyoxal and reactive silicone fiber treating agents have been found to be effective in providing durable press properties at very low concentration levels on the fabric.
  • acceptable durable press properties have been achieved with as little as one-third of one percent glyoxal or as little as one-fourth of one percent reactive silicone, by weight based on the dry weight of the fabric.
  • concentrations somewhat higher than this are usually preferred in order to obtain consistently good results.
  • the upper limit on the amount of glyoxal and silicone is primarily a practical limit dictated by economics. Fabric properties and durable press performance are not significantly improved by increasing the concentration levels of the fiber treating agents above the preferred levels, but no adverse effects on durable press properties are observed.
  • the preferred concentration levels of the fiber treating agents vary depending upon the fiber content, the weight and construction of the fabric, and on other factors. Fiber blend fabrics, such as cotton and polyester fiber blends, for example, will require a lower concentration level of fiber treating agents than fabrics formed wholly of cotton fibers to achieve comparable durable press properties.
  • glyoxal concentration within the range of about one to about eight percent and a reactive silicone concentration within the range of about one-third of one percent to about one percent, by weight based on the dry weight of the fabric.
  • a concentration range of about one and one-half percent to about three percent glyoxal and about one-third percent to about two-thirds percent reactive silicone is preferred.
  • a higher glyoxal concentration of about three percent to about seven percent is preferred, with the silicone concentration preferably remaining within the range of about one-third percent to about two-thirds percent, by weight based on the dry weight of the fabric.
  • the concentration of the fiber treating agents, catalyst and other ingredients in the aqueous finishing bath may vary depending upon a number of factors, such as the method of application, wet pick-up achieved, desired concentration on fabric, etc.
  • these materials are present in proportions by weight generally as follows:
  • a particularly preferred formulation is as follows:
  • a non-formaldehyde durable press finish bath was formulated by diluting about 110 lbs. of commercial glyoxal (.40 percent aqueous solution) with about 50 gallons of water, and to this diluted solution adding three pounds of an ethoxylated decyl alcohol nonionic surfactant (MYKON NRW), 27.5 pounds of metal sulfate blend catalyst (a 50/50 mixture of aluminum sulfate and magnesium sulfate at a 30 percent concentration), 46 pounds of reactive silicone (.General Electric Silicone Softener/Resin Extender XM-124-5557) containing 25 percent by weight active solids, and 20 pounds of polyvinyl acetate hand builder (SEYCO REZ B-47 produced by AZS Chemical Company of Atlanta, Georgia).
  • MYKON NRW ethoxylated decyl alcohol nonionic surfactant
  • metal sulfate blend catalyst a 50/50 mixture of aluminum sulfate and magnesium s
  • This finishing bath formulation was piped to a three-roll padder and a 65/35 polyester/cotton blend twill weave fabric weighing about 7.3 ounces per square yard was directed through the padder where it was immersed in the finishing bath and squeezed to remove excessive finish and to provide a wet pick-up of about 55 percent.
  • the fabric was dried on a tenter frame operating at a temperature of about 250 - 300° F, and then directed through a curing oven at a temperature of about 375 - 400° F for about one minute to cure the finishing agent.
  • the amount of formaldehyde was checked at the exhaust of the tenter frame during the run, but no formaldehyde was detected.
  • the finished fabric was also tested and a free formaldehyde content of 150 ppm was measured, which as noted earlier is below the minimum sensitivity of the test method.
  • the fabric physical properties were fully satisfactory.
  • the fabric smoothness appearance rating of 4 represents acceptable durable press performance.
  • a 5.3 ounce twill weave shirting fabric containing 65 percent polyester fibers and 35 percent cotton fibers was directed through a padder and impregnated with the following formulation: The fabric was squeezed to a 50 percent wet pick-up, thereafter dried on a tenter frame, and then directed through a curing oven at a temperature of 375 to 400° F for about one minute. Fabric physical properties and appearance were measured using standard AATCC test methods and the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the cost of the non-formaldehyde finish was comparable to the DMDHEU resin.
  • the physical properties were comparable to or better than the DMDHEU control, and the fabric smoothness appearance ratings were the same. This test showed the non-formaldehyde durable press finish to be an acceptable alternative to the formaldehyde-based DMDHEU resin.
  • Examples 3 to 6 above were precured, i.e. the fabric was fully cured at 350 - 400° F after drying.
  • the example below was postcured, meaning that the fabric was dried only to about 5 percent moisture content and then later cured at 325 - 350° F for several minutes. Cutters would buy this non-cured fabric and make it into garments before pressing and curing.
  • a non-formaldehyde durable press finish formulation was prepared as follows:
  • This finishing bath formulation was piped to a three roll padder and a 65/35 polyester/cotton blend twill weave fabric weighing 7.3 ounces per square yard was directed through the padder where it was immersed in the finishing bath and squeezed to remove excessive finish and provide a wet pick-up of about 61.5 percent. After the finishing bath formulation was applied, the fabric was dried on a tenter frame operating at a temperature of about 250 - 300° F.
  • the percent solids deposited on the fabric was calculated to be as follows (percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the fabric):
  • the physical properties of both the precured and the postcured fabrics were fully satisfactory.
  • the fabric smoothness appearance rating of 4 and the crease appearance of 5 represent acceptable durable press performance.
  • the level of free formaldehyde measured in the fabric samples is below the minimum sensitivity of the test method.
  • the fabric pH of 5.1 was acceptable without the need for an after-wash operation.
  • the same finish formulation with the sodium metaborate omitted produced a finished fabric pH of about 3.5, which would ordinarily require afterwashing to reduce fabric acidity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
EP80301460A 1979-05-04 1980-05-02 Procédé d'apprêtage durable de produits textiles sans formaldéhyde, agent d'apprêtage pour le procédé, et produits textiles ainsi traités Withdrawn EP0020034A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/036,035 US4269603A (en) 1979-05-04 1979-05-04 Non-formaldehyde durable press textile treatment
US06/036,641 US4269602A (en) 1979-05-07 1979-05-07 Buffered non-formaldehyde durable press textile treatment
US36641 1979-05-07
US36035 1998-03-06

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EP0020034A1 true EP0020034A1 (fr) 1980-12-10

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360383A2 (fr) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-28 International Paper Company Fibre de coton élastique et sa méthode
EP1341617A1 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2003-09-10 Wells Lamont Industry Group, Inc. Procedes et compositions de traitement de tissu
CN110886111A (zh) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-17 武汉纺织大学 一种乙二醛交联棉织物的分散染料染色方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1299236A (fr) * 1961-08-25 1962-07-20 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Stabilisant pour émulsions aqueuses d'organohydrogénopolysiloxanes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1299236A (fr) * 1961-08-25 1962-07-20 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Stabilisant pour émulsions aqueuses d'organohydrogénopolysiloxanes

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Vol. 85, 1976, page 84, Abstract 161737r, Columbus, Ohio, USA MORI et al. "Decrease in the amount of formaldehyde liberated from resin-treated fabrics and fabrics absorbing formaldehyde vapor by dipping in water or washing, and the absorption of formaldehyde liberated from dress shirts by underwear during wearing" & Sen'i Gakkaishi, 1976, 32(8), T-359-T-363. * Whole Abstract * *
TEXTILBETRIEB, Vol 95, No. 12, December 1977, Vogel-Verslag Wurzburg, DE H. MARWITZ "Vernetzbare Silikone in der Textilveredlung" pages 80-83. * Page 82, right-hand column, lines 6-13; page 80, right-hand column, paragraph 3 * *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360383A2 (fr) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-28 International Paper Company Fibre de coton élastique et sa méthode
EP0360383A3 (fr) * 1988-09-21 1991-12-11 International Paper Company Fibre de coton élastique et sa méthode
EP1341617A1 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2003-09-10 Wells Lamont Industry Group, Inc. Procedes et compositions de traitement de tissu
EP1341617A4 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2004-09-15 Wells Lamont Industry Group In Procedes et compositions de traitement de tissu
CN110886111A (zh) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-17 武汉纺织大学 一种乙二醛交联棉织物的分散染料染色方法
CN110886111B (zh) * 2019-12-18 2022-06-10 武汉纺织大学 一种乙二醛交联棉织物的分散染料染色方法

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