EP0018384A1 - Moteur - Google Patents

Moteur

Info

Publication number
EP0018384A1
EP0018384A1 EP19790900565 EP79900565A EP0018384A1 EP 0018384 A1 EP0018384 A1 EP 0018384A1 EP 19790900565 EP19790900565 EP 19790900565 EP 79900565 A EP79900565 A EP 79900565A EP 0018384 A1 EP0018384 A1 EP 0018384A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
gas
combustion chamber
output wheel
feeding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19790900565
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank E. Lowther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Purification Sciences Inc
Original Assignee
Purification Sciences Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Purification Sciences Inc filed Critical Purification Sciences Inc
Publication of EP0018384A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018384A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F02C3/055—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor the compressor being of the positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/10—Closed cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B55/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons
    • F02B55/14—Shapes or constructions of combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
    • F02G2250/03—Brayton cycles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to engines or prime movers and in a preferred embodiment to a constant pressure Brayton cycle engine using a positive dis-placement compressor.
  • A. gas turbine includes three devices: A dynamic (non-positive displacement) compressor of the axial or centrifugal type; a fuel combustor of the direct of indirect type; an output turbine (power wheel) of the impulse or reaction type.
  • the gas turbine approach has many advantages at high power levels (central station power generation, aircraft engines, etc.), but suffers serious economic handicaps at the lower horsepower levels (up to about 300 h.p.) required by automobile service.
  • the compressor and. turbine share a common shaft in the classical gas turbine engine. Thus, the turbine (in a single shaft engine) must drive Its own compressor in additional to driving the load.
  • FIG. 1 A simple single shaft, classical engine is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises a compressor 12, a turbine 14, a shaft 16 connecting the compressor and turbine and a combustion chamber 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows two cases of different compressor to-output power ratios (Pc/Po).
  • Fig. 2A shows a compressor 20 and a turbine 22 connected together by a shaft 24.
  • the arrangement shown in Fig. 2A has a compressor-to-output power ratio of 0.5.
  • Fig. 2B shows a compressor 26 and a turbine 28 connected together by ashaft 33.
  • the compressor-to-output power ratio is 2.0.
  • the overall equipment -size, for a given output shaft power depends upon the required compressor size. It can be shown (see “Aircraft Gas Turbines" C. W.
  • Equation 1 states that the compressor-to-output power ratio depends only upon the pressure ratio adopt and the combustion temperature, since the other parameters essentially fixed. Equation 1 is plotted in Fig. 3 and provides a good overall picture of the classical problem. Anything above a compressor-to-output power ratio of 1.0 means a very large compressor indeed.
  • the parameters from Fig. 3 can be transformed to practical values in order to illustrate the classic problem involved and the solution provided by this invention. Consider the case of 50 h.p. net output.
  • the ultra-high r.p.m. is many times greater than the automobile r.p.m.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of required compressor power (h.p.) vs. pressure ratio
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of compressor weight (lbs.) which is compressor power (h.p.);
  • Fig. 9 is a partly diagramatic, partly schematic view of an engine according to one embodiment of the present invention including a compressor, an output power wheel and a combustion chamber;
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing tensile strength vs. temperature for selected graphites
  • Fig. 13 is a graph showing vaporization rate vs. temperature for graphite
  • Fig. 14 is a graph showing pressure and flow rate vs. r.p.m. for a dynamic turbo-compressor.
  • Fig. 15 is a graph showing pressure and flow rate vs. r.p.m. for a positive displacement compressor.
  • Fig. 9 shows a substantially constant pressure Brayton cycle engine 40 according to the present invention comprising a; positive displacement compressor 42 and an output power wheel 44 connected to the compressor by a shaft 41 and also connected to an output shaft 48.
  • the engine 40 includes a combustion chamber 46 to which fuel is fed by a fuel line 47. Air is fed into the compressor 42 throug an 'air inlet 43 and compressed air is fed from the compressor 42 to the combustion chamber 46 through an air line 49. Compressed, hot gas is fed from the combustion chamber 46 through a continuation of the gas line 49 to the output power wheel 44 from which the exhaust gas is fed to ambient through an exhaust line 45.
  • the engine 40 is an open cycle engine as will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art.
  • Fig. 10 shows a closed cycle engine 50 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the engine 50 includes a positive displacement compressor 52 and an output power wheel 54 connected to the compressor by a shaft 56.
  • the output power wheel 54 is also connected to an output shaft 60.
  • the engine 50 also includes an Indirect combustion chamber 58 into which air and fuel are fed by lines 68 and 70 respectively, and from which the exhaust gas is fed to ambient through, an exhaust line 72.
  • Compressed gas from the compressor 54 is fed by a line 62 from the compressor to a heat exchanger 74 (such as a coil) in the indirect combustion chamber 58 and from there to the output power wheel 54.
  • the exhaust from the output wheel 54 is fed by a line 64 back to the compressor 52.
  • the exhaust gas from the output power wheel 54 is heat exchanged by a heat exchanger. 66 with the gas fed from the compressor 52 to the combustion chamber 58.
  • a heat exchanger. 66 with the gas fed from the compressor 52 to the combustion chamber 58.
  • the hot gas fed to the output power wheel is the products of combustion of the burning fuel in air.
  • the hot gas fed to the output power wheel is whatever is chosen for the working gas, such as nitrogen, neon, carbon dioxide, etc.
  • any positive displacement compressor such as, for example: (1) a sliding vane compressor, (2) a Roots type blower (sometimes called a screw or gear compressor), (3) a regenerative blower, or (4) a liquid- seal (Nash) type blower.
  • a positive displacement compressor such as, for example: (1) a sliding vane compressor, (2) a Roots type blower (sometimes called a screw or gear compressor), (3) a regenerative blower, or (4) a liquid- seal (Nash) type blower.
  • the output power wheel in each embodiment can also use any one of the above listed types of devices and in addition can use a dynamic turbine wheel.
  • 20 different combinations are preferred and each has Its own special application. For example:
  • Rotary vane/Rotary vane - is preferred for small car automotive service
  • Rotary vane/Roots blower - is preferred for truck service; 3. Roots blower/Roots blower - is preferred for low speed, high torque service (farm tractor, etc.)
  • the first name refers to the compressor and the second to the output power wheel or motor.
  • a rotary vane/roots blower configuration means, a rotary vane compressor and a roots blower run backwards as a motor. It should be noted that compressors run backwards act as efficient motors, see, for example, "Pneumatics and Hydraulics by H. L. Steward (Audel and Co.) illustrate this point.
  • the Gast Manufacturing offers sliding vane motors for sale in the 1-10 h.p. class (Models 16AM-FCC-1)
  • One major advantage of the present invention over the classical gas turbine for automotive service is in *the matching of r.p.m.
  • the wheels of an automobile rotate at a maximum of about 1500 r.p.m.
  • complicated speed reducers are required to match a gas turbine, at 50,000 r.p.m., to an automobile.
  • the r.p.m. of the present invention can be selected to closely match that of the auto mobile by proper selection of compressor and power wheel diameters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Un moteur a cycle Brayton a pression constante (40) comprend une chambre de combustion (46) et un compresseur a deplacement positif (42) relie par un arbre (41) a une roue de puissance (44). Du gaz est envoye dans le compresseur (42), puis dans la chambre de combustion (46) et sur la roue de puissance (44). Le moteur (40) peut etre, soit a cycle ouvert, soit a cycle ferme. Le compresseur (42) peut etre d'un type quelconque approprie tel qu'a tiroir, une soufflante du type Roots (parfois connue sous le nom de compresseur a vis ou a engrenage), une soufflante regeneratrice, ou une soufflante a joint liquide (Nash). La roue de puissance (44) peut etre l'un de ces types ou aussi une roue de turbine dynamique (axiale ou centrifuge).
EP19790900565 1978-05-15 1979-12-17 Moteur Withdrawn EP0018384A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90563178A 1978-05-15 1978-05-15
US905631 1978-05-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018384A1 true EP0018384A1 (fr) 1980-11-12

Family

ID=25421182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790900565 Withdrawn EP0018384A1 (fr) 1978-05-15 1979-12-17 Moteur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0018384A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1979001071A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070277522A1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2007-12-06 Masahiro Ogawa Brayton Cycle Device And Exhaust Heat Energy Recovery Device For Internal Combustion Engine
DE202005004902U1 (de) * 2005-03-29 2005-05-25 Mädge, Claus-Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge wie Kraftfahrzeuge
WO2012151606A1 (fr) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Evans Glyn Moteur à air chaud
CN104727854B (zh) * 2014-02-10 2017-09-05 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 变界机构气体发动机及使用其的发电机组
CN105386791B (zh) * 2014-11-10 2018-10-16 熵零股份有限公司 一种机构换向变界流体机构发动机
ES2575352B1 (es) * 2014-11-28 2017-04-11 Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. Planta híbrida solar-fósil de alto rendimiento

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191852A (en) * 1965-06-29 Mechanical carbon parts
AT140501B (de) * 1933-12-12 1935-02-11 Walter Pistl Umlaufende Brennkraftmaschine.
US2461757A (en) * 1946-02-27 1949-02-15 Mortimer H Moores Internal-combustion engine
US3057157A (en) * 1959-10-08 1962-10-09 William D Close Rotary engine
US3018623A (en) * 1960-11-04 1962-01-30 Birmann Rudolph Explosion gas turbines
FR1518990A (fr) * 1967-02-17 1968-03-29 Renault Turbine à gaz fonctionnant suivant un cycle à deux temps, comprenant un temps moteur et un temps balayage
US3558236A (en) * 1968-09-10 1971-01-26 Delavan Manufacturing Co Self-purging regenerative turbine pump
US3584459A (en) * 1968-09-12 1971-06-15 Gen Motors Corp Gas turbine engine with combustion chamber bypass for fuel-air ratio control and turbine cooling
DE2020416A1 (de) * 1970-04-27 1971-11-11 Motoren Turbinen Union Brennkammer fuer Gasturbinentriebwerke
US3672164A (en) * 1970-03-27 1972-06-27 Whim Inc Independent ignition engine
DE2405890A1 (de) * 1974-02-07 1975-08-14 Siemens Ag Seitenkanal-ringverdichter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO7901071A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1979001071A1 (fr) 1979-12-13

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Legal Events

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LU SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19801028

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LOWTHER, FRANK E.