EP0017875A1 - Method for producing an electrode activating substance for a gas-discharge tube - Google Patents
Method for producing an electrode activating substance for a gas-discharge tube Download PDFInfo
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- EP0017875A1 EP0017875A1 EP80101823A EP80101823A EP0017875A1 EP 0017875 A1 EP0017875 A1 EP 0017875A1 EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 0017875 A1 EP0017875 A1 EP 0017875A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode activation
- composition according
- activation composition
- titanium
- gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
- H01J17/06—Cathodes
- H01J17/066—Cold cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrode activation composition for a gas discharge tube, containing a metal oxide from the fourth subgroup of the periodic table.
- Such an electrode activation composition is known for use in surge arresters, for example from DE-OS 19 35 734, according to which thorium oxide has been proposed as the metal oxide of the fourth subgroup.
- Electrode activation compositions are generally used in gas discharge tubes and, depending on the application, are used to substantially influence the important electrical parameters.
- the gas discharge tube is used as a surge arrester or controllable as a switching tube (so-called cold cathode thyratron) or as a flash tube: an important requirement is aimed at a low glow-arc transition. This is defined as the current instantaneous value at which the ignited gas discharge changes from the glow discharge into the arc discharge. Low values result in good ignition behavior, especially when igniting over one third electrode with low ignition currents and long life due to good current carrying capacity. In addition, the minimum operating voltage is advantageously small.
- a low glow-arc transition can be achieved with an electrode activation compound which contains radioactive thorium oxide as an effective component.
- the safety measures required due to radioactivity and thus environmental hazards, as well as the considerable waste disposal costs mean a serious disadvantage.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of replacing the radioactive thorium oxide with a material which is not radioactive but also not expensive and in particular does not combine the advantages of a low glow-arc transition with disadvantages, for example due to too easy atomization or Vaporizability, which could result in conductive deposits and thus short circuits on the inner wall of the gas discharge vessel.
- the metal oxide is a titanium oxide.
- titanium oxide that, depending on the application purpose, ie depending on the in conjunction with other factors such as electrode area, electrode distance, gas pressure, spark ignition or Eigenz ü invention desired electrical characteristics, the titanium in the oxide tetravalent orumbleer garden and can also be composed of non-stoichiometric values. It is essential that titanium oxide is a non-toxic and inexpensive substance and that this component in the electrode activation compound ensures that the arc remains stationary at extremely low currents and low voltages keep loads entertained. Titanium oxide combines good electron emissivity with relatively poor thermal conductivity.
- the mass is generally applied as a pasty mixture to an electrode or to the electrodes and is formed in a forming process to form the active mass.
- One possibility now consists of starting from tetravalent titanium dioxide and producing a lower-quality titanium oxide in the forming process, the other starting from titanium or titanium hydride and producing a higher-quality titanium oxide in the forming process.
- the electrode activation composition contains titanium and / or titanium hydride and an oxidizing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby a titanium oxide is at least partially formed in a forming process, or that it is titanium and / or when applied to the electrodes Contains titanium hydride, which is at least partially oxidized in a forming process in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.
- the electrode activation composition contain titanium dioxide and a reducing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby the titanium dioxide is at least partially reduced to a lower-value titanium oxide in a forming process.
- the reducing agent used is the metallic material known per se in an electrode activation compound Titanium (eg DE-PS 19 51 601) is proposed as an admixture or a barium-aluminum alloy known per se, for example from DE-AS 19 50 090, or an alkali compound such as potassium azide or potassium boranate.
- both a high DC response voltage and a high maximum operating voltage of a gas discharge tube are achieved, as well as a low minimum operating voltage and low arc burning voltages.
- the achievable large ratio of the "maximum operating voltage without spontaneous ignition” to the "minimum operating voltage with 50% probability of ignition when subjected to a specific trigger pulse" in triggerable gas discharge tubes can be used technically advantageously.
- the maximum operating voltage may be very high, or the minimum trigger DC voltage that can still be triggered may be very low.
- the requirements can also be increased, for example insofar as data sheet specifications are met not only in one but in both polarities.
- low ignition currents are particularly advantageous in the case of triggerable gas discharge tubes. Discharge currents below 10 mA can easily be generated; there is no need for electrode lead-throughs for ignition electrodes in the discharge vessel. An externally attached conductive surface is sufficient, provided an AC voltage of at least 2 kV at 0.1 MHz is available to overcome the capacitive resistance of the vessel wall. Ahead Setting the arc to ignite is then only a sufficiently high gas pressure of about 400 m bar to 500 m bar in the discharge vessel. The ignition starts at the cathode on a very small area with a glow discharge of high power density, about a few kW per cm 2 , after which an incandescent, electron-emitting arc base is created within about 10-5 seconds.
- the gas discharge tube can switch through in its main discharge path or short-circuit a flash capacitor in the case of a flash tube if its charging voltage is significantly above the operating voltage of the secondary discharge path.
- An inert gas such as argon or xenon, is used as the filling gas if light output and color play a role.
- the electrode activates, besides the titanium oxide, as known per se (DE-PS 1951 601), an alkali halide, in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
- an alkali halide in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
- titanium dioxide barium-aluminum alloy and potassium halide
- the composition being adapted to the pressure of the gas atmosphere.
- the ignition voltage is largely determined by the ratio TiO 2 : reducing agent determined. With a ratio of TiO 2 : EaAl 4 ⁇ 1, the ignition voltage drops and brownish or violet wall coverings are created.
- the best examples for a gas pressure of 450 m bar with argon are a composition of 40% TiO 2 , 40% BaAl 4 and 20% EX; specified at 90m bar 10% TiO 2 , .20% BaAl 4 and 70% KX.
- the drawing shows a gas discharge tube in the form of a so-called button arrester with frustoconical electrodes 2 and 3, which are inserted gas-tight in a tubular insulating body 1 with bulges facing each other.
- Glass or ceramic is preferably used as the material for the insulating body, while the electrodes 2 and 3 consist of a Ni-Fe or Ni-Fe-Co alloy.
- a layer 4 which contains the electrode activation composition according to the invention is applied in each case to the electrodes 2 and 3 lying opposite one another.
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- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
Für die Elektrodenaktivierungsmaße einer Gasentladungsröhre wird vorgeschlagen, statt radioaktivem Thoriumoxid ein Titanoxid zu nehmen. Als Ausgangsbasis dient vorzugsweise TiO2 mit einem Reduktionsmittel wie BaA14. Anwendung bei Überspannungsableitern und insbesondere bei triggerbaren Gasentladungsröhren und Blitzröhren.For the electrode activation measures of a gas discharge tube, it is proposed to use a titanium oxide instead of radioactive thorium oxide. The starting point is preferably TiO2 with a reducing agent such as BaA14. Use with surge arresters and especially with triggerable gas discharge tubes and lightning tubes.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse für eine Gasentladungsröhre, enthaltend ein Metalloxid aus der vierten Nebengruppe des Periodensystems.The invention relates to an electrode activation composition for a gas discharge tube, containing a metal oxide from the fourth subgroup of the periodic table.
Eine solche Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse ist zur Verwendung bei Überspannungsableitern beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 19 35 734 bekannt, wonach als Metalloxid der vierten Nebengruppe Thoriumoxid vorgeschlagen worden ist.Such an electrode activation composition is known for use in surge arresters, for example from DE-OS 19 35 734, according to which thorium oxide has been proposed as the metal oxide of the fourth subgroup.
Elektrodenaktivierungsmassen sind allgemein bei Gasentladungsröhren gebräuchlich und je nach Anwendungszweck zum wesentlichen Beeinflussen der jeweils wichtigen elektrischen Kenngrößen zusammengesetzt. 0b nun die Gasentladungsröhre als Überspannungsableiter eingesetzt ist oder steuerbar als Schaltröhre (sog.Kaltkathodenthyratron) oder als Blitzröhre: eine wichtige Forderung ist auf einen niedrigen Glimm-Bogen-Übergang gerichtet. Dieser ist definiert als der Stromaugenblickswert, bei dem die gezündete Gasentladung aus der Glimmentladung in die Bogenentladung übergeht. Niedrige werte ergeben dabei ein gutes Zündverhalten, vor allem bei Zündung über eine dritte Elektrode mit geringen Zündströmen, und durch gute Stromtragfähigkeit lange Lebensdauer. Darüber hinaus ist die minimale Betriebsspannung vorteilhaft klein.Electrode activation compositions are generally used in gas discharge tubes and, depending on the application, are used to substantially influence the important electrical parameters. Whether the gas discharge tube is used as a surge arrester or controllable as a switching tube (so-called cold cathode thyratron) or as a flash tube: an important requirement is aimed at a low glow-arc transition. This is defined as the current instantaneous value at which the ignited gas discharge changes from the glow discharge into the arc discharge. Low values result in good ignition behavior, especially when igniting over one third electrode with low ignition currents and long life due to good current carrying capacity. In addition, the minimum operating voltage is advantageously small.
Ein niedriger Glimm-Bogen-Übergang läßt sich mit einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse erreichen, die unter anderem radioaktives Thoriumoxid als wirksamen Bestandteil enthält. Die wegen der Radioaktivität und damit Umweltgefährdung erforderlichen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen sowie die erheblichen Abfallbeseitigungskosten bedeuten aber einen gravierenden Nachteil. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das radioaktive Thoriumoxid durch ein Material zu ersetzen, das nicht radioaktiv ist, aber auch nicht teuer und insbesondere nicht die Vorteile eines niedrigen Glimm-Bogen-Übergangs wieder mit Nachteilen verbindet, etwa durch allzu leichte Zerstäubbarkeit oder Verdampfbarkeit, wodurch auf der Innenwand des Gasentladungsgefäßes leitende Beläge und damit Kurzschlüsse entstehen könnten.A low glow-arc transition can be achieved with an electrode activation compound which contains radioactive thorium oxide as an effective component. However, the safety measures required due to radioactivity and thus environmental hazards, as well as the considerable waste disposal costs, mean a serious disadvantage. The present invention is therefore based on the object of replacing the radioactive thorium oxide with a material which is not radioactive but also not expensive and in particular does not combine the advantages of a low glow-arc transition with disadvantages, for example due to too easy atomization or Vaporizability, which could result in conductive deposits and thus short circuits on the inner wall of the gas discharge vessel.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird bei einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsge- - mäß vorgeschlagen, daß das Metalloxid ein Titanoxid ist.To achieve this object, it is proposed according to the invention in the case of an electrode activation compound of the type mentioned at the outset that the metal oxide is a titanium oxide.
Dabei soll mit "ein Titanoxid" ausgedrückt werden, daß je nach dem Anwendungszweck, d.h. je nach den in Verbindung mit anderen Faktoren wie Elektrodenfläche, Elektrodenabstand, Gasdruck, Fremdzündung oder Eigenzündung gewünschten elektrischen Kenngrößen das Titan in dem Oxid vierwertig oder niedrigerwertig ist und auch nichtstöchiometrisch in der Wertigkeit zusammengesetzt sein kann. Wesentlich ist, daß Titanoxid ein ungiftiger und billiger Stoff ist und daß sich mit diesem Bestandteil in der Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse bei extrem kleinen Strömen und niedrigen Spannungen ruhig stehende Bogenentladungen unterhalten lassen. Titanoxid verbindet ein gutes Elektronenemissionsvermögen mit einer verhältnismäßig schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit.In this case, to be expressed as "titanium oxide" that, depending on the application purpose, ie depending on the in conjunction with other factors such as electrode area, electrode distance, gas pressure, spark ignition or Eigenz ü invention desired electrical characteristics, the titanium in the oxide tetravalent or niedrigerwertig and can also be composed of non-stoichiometric values. It is essential that titanium oxide is a non-toxic and inexpensive substance and that this component in the electrode activation compound ensures that the arc remains stationary at extremely low currents and low voltages keep loads entertained. Titanium oxide combines good electron emissivity with relatively poor thermal conductivity.
Um das gewünschte Titanoxid in der Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse zu erhalten, hat man grundsätzlich zwei Möglichkeiten. Die Masse wird im allgemeinen als pastenförmiges Gemisch auf eine Elektrode oder auf die Elektroden aufgebracht und in einem Formierprczeß zu der im Betrieb aktiven Masse formiert. Die eine Möglichkeit besteht nun darin, von vierwertigem Titandioxid auszugehen und im Formierprozeß ein niedrigerwertiges Titanoxid zu erzeugen, die andere, von Titan oder Titanhydrid auszugehen und im Formierprozeß ein höherwertiges Titanoxid zu erzeugen.There are basically two options for obtaining the desired titanium oxide in the electrode activation compound. The mass is generally applied as a pasty mixture to an electrode or to the electrodes and is formed in a forming process to form the active mass. One possibility now consists of starting from tetravalent titanium dioxide and producing a lower-quality titanium oxide in the forming process, the other starting from titanium or titanium hydride and producing a higher-quality titanium oxide in the forming process.
Dementsprechend wird nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß die Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse beim Aufbringen auf die Elektroden Titan und/oder Titanhydrid und ein OxidationsmitTel enthält, womit in einem Formierprozeß zumindest teilweise ein Titanoxid gebildet wird, oder daß sie beim Aufbringen auf die Elektroden Titan und/oder Titanhydrid enthält, das in einem Formierprozeß in sauerstoffhaltiger Gasatmosphäre zumindest teilweise oxidiert wird.Accordingly, it is proposed according to one embodiment of the invention that the electrode activation composition contains titanium and / or titanium hydride and an oxidizing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby a titanium oxide is at least partially formed in a forming process, or that it is titanium and / or when applied to the electrodes Contains titanium hydride, which is at least partially oxidized in a forming process in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.
Entsprechend einer anderen Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse beim Aufbringen auf die Elektroden Titandioxid und ein Reduktionsmittel enthält, womit in einem Formierprozeß das Titandioxid zumindest teilweise zu einem niedrigerwertigen Titanoxid reduziert wird.According to another embodiment, it is proposed that the electrode activation composition contain titanium dioxide and a reducing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby the titanium dioxide is at least partially reduced to a lower-value titanium oxide in a forming process.
Dabei wird als Reduktionsmittel einmal das in einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse an sich bekannte metallische Titan (z.B. DE-PS 19 51 601) als Beimischung vorgeschlagen oder eine an sich beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 19 50 090 bekannte Barium-Aluminium-Legierung oder eine Alkaliverbindung wie Kaliumazid oder Kaliumboranat.The reducing agent used is the metallic material known per se in an electrode activation compound Titanium (eg DE-PS 19 51 601) is proposed as an admixture or a barium-aluminum alloy known per se, for example from DE-AS 19 50 090, or an alkali compound such as potassium azide or potassium boranate.
Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse werden sowohl eine hohe Ansprechgleichspannung und eine hohe maximale Betriebsspannung einer Gasentladungsröhre erreicht als auch eine geringe minimale Betriebsspannung und geringe Bogenbrennspannungen.With the aid of the electrode activation composition according to the invention, both a high DC response voltage and a high maximum operating voltage of a gas discharge tube are achieved, as well as a low minimum operating voltage and low arc burning voltages.
Durch geringen Energieumsatz - weil der Glimmbereich mit Spannung und Strom gering gehalten werden kann - ist die Lebensdauer sehr hoch.Due to low energy conversion - because the glow area can be kept low with voltage and current - the service life is very long.
Das erreichbare große Verhältnis der "maximalen Betriebsspannung ohne Spontanzündung" zur "minimalen Betriebsspannung mit 50% Zündwahrscheinlichkeit bei Beaufschlagen mit einem bestimmten Triggerimpuls" bei triggerbaren Gasentladungsröhren läßt sich technisch vorteilhaft ausnutzen. Die maximale Betriebsspannung darf sehr hoch sein, oder die minimale noch triggerbare Ansprechgleichspannung sehr niedrig. Es können aber auch die Anforderungen gesteigert werden, beispielsweise insofern, als Datenblattspezifikationen nicht nur in einer, sondern in beiden Polaritäten erfüllt werden.The achievable large ratio of the "maximum operating voltage without spontaneous ignition" to the "minimum operating voltage with 50% probability of ignition when subjected to a specific trigger pulse" in triggerable gas discharge tubes can be used technically advantageously. The maximum operating voltage may be very high, or the minimum trigger DC voltage that can still be triggered may be very low. However, the requirements can also be increased, for example insofar as data sheet specifications are met not only in one but in both polarities.
Weiter sind insbesondere bei triggerbaren Gasentladungsröhren geringe Zündströme von Vorteil. Entladungsströme unter 10 mA lassen sich einfach erzeugen; es sind dafür keine Elektrodendurchführungen für Zündelektroden in das Entladungsgefäß vonnöten. Eine außen angebrachte leitende Fläche genügt, sofern eine Wechselspannung von wenigstens 2kV bei 0,1MHz zur Verfügung steht, um den kapazitiven Widerstand der Gefäßwand zu überwinden. Voraussetzung zum Zünden des Lichtbogens ist dann nur noch ein genügend hoher Gasdruck von etwa 400 m bar bis 500 m bar im Entladungsgefäß. Die Zündung beginnt an der Kathode auf einer sehr kleinen Fläche mit einer Glimmentladung von hoher Leistungsdichte, etwa einigen kW pro cm2, wonach innerhalb von etwa 10-5sec ein weißglühender, Elektronen emittierender Bogenfußpunkt entsteht. Sobald diese Nebenentladungsstrecke zur Gefäßwand gezündet hat, kann die Gasentladungsröhre in ihrer Hauptentladungsstrecke durchschalten bzw. bei einer Blitzröhre einen Blitzkondensator kurzschließen, wenn dessen ladespannung deutlich über der Brennspannung der Nebenentladungsstrekke liegt. Als Füllgas dient ein Edelgas, wie Argon oder Xenon, wenn Lichtausbeute und Farbe eine Rolle spielen.Furthermore, low ignition currents are particularly advantageous in the case of triggerable gas discharge tubes. Discharge currents below 10 mA can easily be generated; there is no need for electrode lead-throughs for ignition electrodes in the discharge vessel. An externally attached conductive surface is sufficient, provided an AC voltage of at least 2 kV at 0.1 MHz is available to overcome the capacitive resistance of the vessel wall. Ahead Setting the arc to ignite is then only a sufficiently high gas pressure of about 400 m bar to 500 m bar in the discharge vessel. The ignition starts at the cathode on a very small area with a glow discharge of high power density, about a few kW per cm 2 , after which an incandescent, electron-emitting arc base is created within about 10-5 seconds. As soon as this secondary discharge path to the vessel wall has ignited, the gas discharge tube can switch through in its main discharge path or short-circuit a flash capacitor in the case of a flash tube if its charging voltage is significantly above the operating voltage of the secondary discharge path. An inert gas, such as argon or xenon, is used as the filling gas if light output and color play a role.
Es ist von Vorteil, wenn die Elektrodenaktiviert.zngsmasse außer dem Titanoxid, wie an sich bekannt (DE-PS 1951 601) ein Alkalihalogenid, insbesondere Kaliumiodid, Kaliumbromid oder Kaliumchlorid enthält.It is advantageous if the electrode activates, besides the titanium oxide, as known per se (DE-PS 1951 601), an alkali halide, in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
Es wird in der Praxis ein Gemisch aus Titandioxid, Barium-Aluminium-Legierung und Kaliumhalogenid zu empfehlen sein, wobei die Zusammensetzung dem Druck der Gasatmosphäre anzupassen ist.In practice, a mixture of titanium dioxide, barium-aluminum alloy and potassium halide will be recommended, the composition being adapted to the pressure of the gas atmosphere.
Es sind dabei Bereiche bei Ti02 von 2% bis 60%, bei BaAl4 von 5% bis 50% und bei EX (X = Cl,Br,J) von 0% bis 80% möglich.Die Zündspannung wird weitestgehend durch das Verhältnis TiO2: Reduktionsmittel bestimmt. Bei einem Verhältnis des TiO2: EaAl4<1 fällt die Zündspannung, und es entstehen bräunliche oder violette Wandbeläge.Ranges are possible with Ti0 2 from 2% to 60%, with BaAl 4 from 5% to 50% and with EX (X = Cl, Br, J) from 0% to 80%. The ignition voltage is largely determined by the ratio TiO 2 : reducing agent determined. With a ratio of TiO 2 : EaAl 4 <1, the ignition voltage drops and brownish or violet wall coverings are created.
Als optimale Beispiele werden für einen Gasdruck von 450 m bar bei Argon eine Zusammensetzung aus 40%TiO2, 40%BaAl4 und 20%EX; bei 90m bar 10%TiO2,.20%BaAl4 und 70%KX angegeben.The best examples for a gas pressure of 450 m bar with argon are a composition of 40% TiO 2 , 40% BaAl 4 and 20% EX; specified at 90m bar 10% TiO 2 , .20% BaAl 4 and 70% KX.
Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Gasentladungsröhre in der Form eines sog. Knopfableiters mit kegelstumpfförmigen Elektroden 2 und 3, die mit einander zugekehrten Auswölbungen in einen rohrförmigen Isolierkörper 1 gasdicht eingesetzt sind. Als Werkstoff für den Isolierkörper dient vorzugsweise Glas oder Keramik, während die Elektroden 2 und 3 aus einer Ni-Fe- bzw. Ni-Fe-Co-Legierung bestehen. Auf die einander gegenüberliegenden Elektroden 2 und 3 ist jeweils eine Schicht 4 aufgebracht, die die erfindungsgemäße Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse enthält.The drawing shows a gas discharge tube in the form of a so-called button arrester with
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2914836A DE2914836C2 (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1979-04-11 | Manufacturing process for the electrode activation compound in a gas discharge tube |
| DE2914836 | 1979-04-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0017875A1 true EP0017875A1 (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| EP0017875B1 EP0017875B1 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
Family
ID=6068151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80101823A Expired EP0017875B1 (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1980-04-03 | Method for producing an electrode activating substance for a gas-discharge tube |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4360757A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0017875B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55139781A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2914836C2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0138082A1 (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-discharge arrester and fabrication method |
| GB2181887A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-29 | M O Valve Co Ltd | Electrode of surge arrester |
| FR2611974A1 (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1988-09-09 | Pendar Electronique | COATING COMPOSITION OF ELECTRODES OF A PARAFOUDRE |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59177880A (en) * | 1983-03-29 | 1984-10-08 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | Lightning tube |
| US4978893A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1990-12-18 | The United States Of American As Epresented By The United States The Department Of Energy | Laser-triggered vacuum switch |
| JPH0684579A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1994-03-25 | American Teleph & Telegr Co <Att> | Protective device of gas tube |
| FR2701597B1 (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1995-05-19 | Jacques Villain | Cold cathode for gas discharge tube with a layer of alkaline earth compound on a metal support. |
| DE4318994C2 (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-04-20 | Siemens Ag | Gas-filled surge arrester |
| DE19632417C1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-05-07 | Siemens Ag | Hydrogen-containing gas-filled surge diverter |
| US6194820B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-02-27 | Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | Discharge tube having switching spark gap |
| US6281626B1 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2001-08-28 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Cold emission electrode method of manufacturing the same and display device using the same |
| JP2009508320A (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2009-02-26 | リッテルフューズ，インコーポレイティド | Surge arrester with gas, activation compound, ignition stripe and method thereof |
| WO2014130838A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | Bourns, Inc. | Devices and methods related to flat gas discharge tubes |
| WO2020047381A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Bourns, Inc. | Integrated device having gdt and mov functionalities |
| KR20220146543A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-11-01 | 본스인코오포레이티드 | MOV-related devices and methods with modified edges |
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| DE2537964B2 (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1977-08-04 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | OVERVOLTAGE ARRANGER WITH A GAS FILLING |
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| US3439261A (en) * | 1966-09-30 | 1969-04-15 | Gen Electric | Combustible gas detector using a corona discharge |
| DE1935734A1 (en) * | 1969-07-14 | 1971-01-28 | Siemens Ag | Surge arresters |
| US3882065A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1975-05-06 | Du Pont | Hot melt adhesives of improved melt viscosity stability |
| JPS5537755A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1980-03-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Production method of direct heating oxcide cathode |
-
1979
- 1979-04-11 DE DE2914836A patent/DE2914836C2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-03-11 US US06/129,244 patent/US4360757A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-04-03 EP EP80101823A patent/EP0017875B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-04-08 JP JP4613280A patent/JPS55139781A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1070733B (en) * | ||||
| DE1950090B2 (en) * | 1969-10-03 | 1973-01-18 | GAS DISCHARGE OVERVOLTAGE ARRANGER | |
| DE1951601B2 (en) * | 1969-10-13 | 1974-12-19 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Gas discharge surge arrester |
| DE2347210B2 (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1976-12-16 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | SURGE ARRESTERS |
| DE2537964B2 (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1977-08-04 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | OVERVOLTAGE ARRANGER WITH A GAS FILLING |
| DE2639816A1 (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-03-16 | Siemens Ag | Gas discharge surge arrester in button housing - using electrodes coated with paste contg. a semiconducting cpd. |
| DE2705885A1 (en) * | 1977-02-11 | 1978-08-17 | Siemens Ag | Gas discharge overvoltage arrester - with electrode coating of high thermal electron emissivity contg. aluminium and alkali or alkaline earth metal |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0138082A1 (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-discharge arrester and fabrication method |
| GB2181887A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-29 | M O Valve Co Ltd | Electrode of surge arrester |
| FR2611974A1 (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1988-09-09 | Pendar Electronique | COATING COMPOSITION OF ELECTRODES OF A PARAFOUDRE |
| EP0282404A1 (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1988-09-14 | Pendar Electronique S.A. | Coating composition for surge arrester electrodes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2914836A1 (en) | 1980-10-16 |
| DE2914836C2 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
| US4360757A (en) | 1982-11-23 |
| EP0017875B1 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| JPS55139781A (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| JPH0216556B2 (en) | 1990-04-17 |
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