Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B9/30—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by edge details of the ceiling; e.g. securing to an adjacent wall
  • E04B9/303—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by edge details of the ceiling; e.g. securing to an adjacent wall for flexible tensioned membranes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
  • E04B2001/8263—Mounting of acoustical elements on supporting structure, e.g. framework or wall surface
  • E04B2001/8281—Flat elements mounted parallel to a supporting surface with an acoustically active air gap between the elements and the mounting surface

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a ceiling construc ⁇ tion above a heated room in a building.
• the ceiling con ⁇ struction comprises a heat insulation means, which consists of at least two layers of a heat insulation material, the layers being placed on top of each other, but also a dif ⁇ fusion barrier and a false ceiling in the shape of a fabric.
• the heat insulating layers of known ceiling constructions ordinarily are strongly sound-absorbing. However, it is customary to cover the heat insulating layers with a false ceiling or a decorative surface layer, partly to conceal them, since they usually do not have a pleasing surface, and partly to keep them in place between the beams.
• Ceilings with perforated metal bays are also known, the bays holding he ⁇ .t insulating layers. Examples of known decorative suf- face layers, which have been used to conceal heat insula ⁇ ting layers, are perforated fiber boards and gypsum boards, mounted on spaced boards, as well as stretched fabrics or sheets, woven or non-woven, of celluiose or -a plastic mate ⁇ rial.
• the object of the present invention is to improve the sound absorbing capacity and the acoustic qualities of a ceiling construction, which comprises a heat insulating material, a diffusion barrier as well as a false ceiling in the sha of a stretched fabric, and to attain this by simple means and substantially without any additional materials.
• the sound absorbing capa city of a ceiling construction of the type described abov is improved considerably, provided a) the false ceiling, which is a stretched fabric, has su ⁇ qualities, that a considerable portion of the sound, whic is generated in the room, also high frequency sound, is allowed to pass through the fabric; b) at least the heat insulating layer adjacent the fabric is made of a soft and porous material, preferably mineral wool, and has sound absorbing qualities; c) the heat insulating layer adjacent the fabric is place between the diffusion " barrier and the fabric to act also a sound absorbing material; and d) at least a second heat insulting layer is placed above the diffusion barrier and has such heat insulating qualit es, that water condensation below the diffusion barrier i prevented, and also acts as a sound absorbing material fo low frequency sound, which passes the diffusion barrier.
• the sound absorption capacity of the ceiling construction is improved, since the high as well the low frequency sou generated in the room passes the false ceiling without be ing strongly reflected.
• the high frequency sound is refle ted to quite a large extent, as compared to the low frequ cy sound, by the diffusion barrier above the first heat i sulating layer but is then weakened and the rest of it, which may penetrate said first heat insulating layer, pa es the false ceiling and enters the room, can hardly be experienced as disturbing.
• the basic idea of the present invention is, a) that the acoustic qualities of a ceiling construction as descri ⁇ bed in the preamble of claim 1, the one side of which is cold (often freezing temperatures) and the other side of which is warm, can be improved substantially without using any additional materials but by utilizing a limited portion of the required amount of heat insulating material as an ab ⁇ sorbing material for high frequency sound, and b) that, de ⁇ spite this utilization, it is possible to prevent water from condensing in the sound absorbing material, a most important accomplishment, because water condensation re ⁇ sults in sharply reduced heat insulation and also reduced sound absorption.
• the low frequency sound is also partly absorbed by the first heat insulating layer but is not reflected to a large extent by the diffusion barrier but passes it readily and is absorbed to a great extent by the heat insulating mate- rial placed above the diffusion barrier.
• the fa bric is a knitted fabric with artificial fibers, e g rayo fibers reinforced by nylon fibers, having a fiber diamete of 0,05 to 0,40 mm and a hole side size of 0,05 - 0,50 mm
• the fabric has, before it has been subjected to a treatme an average hole side size of e g 0,18 x 0,18 mm, 0,10 x 0, mm and 0,05 x 0,40 mm and is treated with a fire suppress plastic paste, suitably containing an acrylic polymer as well as fire suppressing additives and pigments as main i gredients, in such a way that said holes mainly have been left open but that the holes between the fibers have been closed.
• Such a treatment provides the fabric with fine po res and at the same time it is made fireproof and elastic and in case it has selfstretching properties, these will be adversly influenced.
• the small curls of the one side o the fabric, by which the fabric is tied, determine the vi al covering power and the porosity.
• a knitted stretched fabric composed of rayon fibers and p pared in the way described above permits high as well as frequency sound to pass but completely conceals layers of sound absorbing materials placed above the fabric. More ⁇ over, the small pores prevent dust from penetrating the fabric and accumulating between the fabric and the heat insulation.
• the fabric which constitutes the false ceiling, is stret ⁇ ched in such a way that an air gap is provided between the fabric and the first heat insulating and sound absorbing layer and is thus not affected by possible uneveness and joints of said layer. In this way valuable additional heat insulation is attained due to the small total area of the fabric holes and the insignificant air convection in the gap caused by the holes in the fabric.
• Swedish patent application 7304368-9 gives examples of false ceilings in the shape of a stretched fabric or a de ⁇ corative weave, which can be used according to the present invention.
• a knitted rayon weave was used instead of the cotton cloth mentioned in Example 2. It was coated on 'its one side with a paste diluted with water and having rough ⁇ ly the same composition as the paste described in Example 2 and was dried, thereby making the weave fireproof.
• Weaves, produced in this way, were tested in a ceiling construction according to the present invention, but we found (see the chart, plotting 1) , that the porosity and the holes in the weave had been reduced so sharply due to the paste coating that an effect, which works according to the invention, could not be attained. The sound absorption was not at all satisfactory.
• the -second heat insulating layer is according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention divided int fillings, placed between the beams of the ceiling constru tion and possibly also above the beams, while the first heat insulating and sound absorbing layer adjacent the false ceiling mainly covers the fillings as well as the undersides of the beams.
• the diffusion barrier is according to another preferred e bodiment of the present invention a thin and flexible, steamtight sheet, preferably a sheet made of LD-polyethy- lene, having a thickness of less than 0,25 mm. It can be thinner, in case it is made of HD-polyethylene, since thi material has superior strength. Such a choise of material and thickness results in vibrations of the diffusion barrier, when it is subjected to sound waves, which reach it through the first heat insulating and sound absorbing layer. Thus, sound energy can also in this way be absorbed in the ceiling construction. However, it is desirable that also the second heat insulating layer placed above the diffusion barrier is a porous sound absorbing material, suitably mineral wool.
• a polyethylene sheet having a thick ⁇ ness of 0,1 mm permits sound having a frequency of up to about 690 Hz to readily pass, a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of 0,2 mm up to about 345 Hz.
• the first as well as the second heat insulating and sound absorbing layer are supported by a net.
• This net is held in place by the beams of the ceiling and preferably it is extended be ⁇ low them and fastened to the undersides of the same.
• the diffusion barrier and the second heat insulating and sound " " absorbing layer are supported by the net and placed on top of it, while the first heat insulating and sound ab ⁇ sorbing layer is suspended from the " net.
• the first heat insulating and sound absorbing layer is suspended in the net by means of a multitude of wireshaped suspension attach ⁇ ments pushed through the layer.
• These attachments are pro ⁇ vided with carrying surfaces to touch the underside of the layer and their upper end portions are fastened to the net.
• the carrying surfaces are obtained by bending the lower end portions of the suspension attachments or are heads, suit ⁇ ably ringshaped, attached to the suspension attachments.
• the present invention also relates to means which are used to produce the new ceiling construction in case it also comprises a net of metal wire, from which a heat insulating and sound absorbing layer is suspended.
• This means is characterized in that the net in addition to the two grou of metal wires, which are crossing each other transversly and together form an at least roughly regular structure having a loop hole size of under 100 mm, also is provided with a few metal wire elements roughly equally spaced ov the " ⁇ net surface. These elements are fastened to the rest the net in such a manner, that portions of them, possibly produced by cutting of the elements at certain points, ca be bended outwardly from the net surface and form projec- ' tions to be used as suspension means.
• the bendable metal wire elements can according to a particular embodiment of the suspension net be selected metal wires of the net i.e the ordinary two groups of metal wires constituting the n itself and transversly crossing each other.
• Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section of a ceiling con struction according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a perspec tive view of a ceiling construction according to the in ⁇ vention showing two different embodiments of metal wires designed for the suspension of mineral wool boards from a safety net
• Figs. 3 and 4 show preferred embodiments o a safety net according to the invention.
• ⁇ - ⁇ g. 5 is a diagra
• a ceiling construction having two beams 1, under which a polyethylene sheet 4 an a safety net are fastened. Between the beams two layers o mineral wool boards 7 are placed.
• the safety net consists of stiff metal wires (2,2) welded to each other. Short st metal wires 3 are attached to the safety net 2 and are
• OMPI A pointed downwards.
• Mineral wool boards 5 have been pushed upwards against the safety net 2 and thereby the metal wi ⁇ res 3 have penetrated the boards 5.
• the metal wires 3 have been bended or means, e g wire rings (not shown in detail), have been attached to the metal wires in order to retain the boards 5 in place.
• a fabric or a weave 6 has been stret ⁇ ched and fastened under the boards.
• the fabric 6 lets in accordance with the present invention sound waves readily pass through it and yet its covering power is so great, that it is substantially impossible to see the mineral wool boards 5, the joints between the boards and the metal wires 3 through the fabric with one's own eyes.
• Fig. 2 shows a safety net 2 according to the present in- vention, produced of metal wires 2,2 welded to one another. It is fastened to beams 1' (only one shown) with braces 8. At the welding points short stiff metal wires 3 are faste ⁇ ned and pointed downwards. Two mineral wool boards 5a and - ⁇ " 5b (drawn with dots. as if they were translucent for the- sake of clearness) have been pushed upwards against the safety net 2 and thereby they have been penetrated by the downwardly pointed metal wires 3.
• Metal wire rings 9 are, in order to hold board 5a in place, firmly attached to the lower portions of the metal wires 3 with suitable means (not shown) .
• the mineral wool board 5b is hold in place by stiff downwardly pointed metal wires 3, which are somewhat longer than the thickness of the mineral wool boards, and hence the lower portions of these metal wires 3, after the pene ⁇ tration of the board, can be bent to be pointed in a hori- zontal direction (the dotted lines 10) and hold the board in place without any additional means. This results in a simpler construction-, less work, when the mineral wool boards are to be mounted, and cost efficiency.
• Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a safety net according to the present invention, which has been produced by welding met wires (2a,2b) to each another, rectangular openings betwe the wires being formed.
• additional met wires (11, black) have been welded onto ordinary wires (2a, 2b, white) in the positions shown, besides every thi or, depending on the mutual metal wire distance and the mineral wool board thickness, every fourth etc ordinary wire (2a, white) , in any one of the two wire directions o the net.
• wires 11 are cut at suitab points with pliers or the like.
• Cut ends are bent downwar from their closets welding points, the mineral wool board are pushed upwards and those portions of the cut downward ly bent wires, which after a complete penetration have pe netrated and appeared under the lower surfaces of the boards, are bent upwardly into a horizontal position to be able to hold the boards in place.
• a mineral wool board (not show is pushed upwardly and that portion of the downwardly pointed cut wire 2a, which after a complete penetration h been pushed out of the lower surface of the board, is ben upwards to a horizontal position to be able to keep the board in place.
• a suitable number of w res 2a or 2b are cut free and bent and used to hold miner wool boards in place (not shown) .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
• Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20335020

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1978
  • 1978-05-26 SE SE7806046A patent/SE7806046L/xx unknown
• 1979
  • 1979-05-22 NO NO791691A patent/NO791691L/no unknown
  • 1979-05-23 WO PCT/SE1979/000118 patent/WO1979001100A1/en unknown
  • 1979-05-24 AU AU47412/79A patent/AU4741279A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1979-05-24 FI FI791652A patent/FI791652A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-05-25 BE BE0/195411A patent/BE876568A/xx unknown
  • 1979-05-25 NL NL7904118A patent/NL7904118A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-05-28 IT IT49205/79A patent/IT1116802B/it active
  • 1979-12-17 EP EP79901016A patent/EP0016810A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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