EP0015903B1 - Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln and coal burner for tunnel kiln - Google Patents

Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln and coal burner for tunnel kiln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015903B1
EP0015903B1 EP79900029A EP79900029A EP0015903B1 EP 0015903 B1 EP0015903 B1 EP 0015903B1 EP 79900029 A EP79900029 A EP 79900029A EP 79900029 A EP79900029 A EP 79900029A EP 0015903 B1 EP0015903 B1 EP 0015903B1
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Prior art keywords
coal
burning device
injectors
tunnel
kiln
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015903A1 (en
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Manfred Leisenberg
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for firing a tunnel furnace with coal and a coal firing system for using this method.
  • the previous disadvantages of coal operation should be excluded, so that if there is sufficient coal, the operation of a brickworks with coal and thus also a changeover from solid or gaseous fuels to coal without any nuisance from coal dust and ash is possible.
  • the construction and maintenance effort required for this should be kept extremely low, yet the coal firing should be perfectly adapted and controlled to the respective operating conditions. Above all, however, the actual burner should work without maintenance and operation, so that the tunnel kiln can also be operated automatically.
  • this is achieved in that the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker and conveyed by means of airtight conveyor belts or chains connected to it to coal injectors arranged as burners in the combustion zone of the furnace over its width, and in that the coal injectors are fed to an air supply line are connected, from which compressed air is fed to them in order to blow in the coal stored in metered quantities.
  • the coal firing for tunnel kilns is characterized in that the burning points of a kiln are each formed by a coal injector, to which the coal can be fed by means of airtight transport chains or belts connected to a preferably airtight bunker and which is connected to an air supply line, from which compressed air for introducing predetermined amounts of coal that can be stored in the coal injector into the combustion zone can be blown into these in pulses.
  • coal injectors in a row distributed over the width of the combustion zone of the furnace and by means of a conveyor belt assigned to each row and an air distributor pipe with a conveyor belt running in the longitudinal direction of the furnace connected to the coal bunker or preferably arranged parallel to the latter To connect the main compressed air line.
  • the coal injectors can each be formed in a simple manner from a vertical coal supply pipe connected to the conveyor belt and open at the bottom, a support plate arranged below it at a distance, and a housing surrounding the end of the supply pipe and the plate, which housing is connected to the compressed air supply line and via an injection pipe. or mixing tube or directly connected to the focal point, the housing of the carbon injector should be designed in the manner of a spiral in its axially perpendicular cross section.
  • the support plate and / or the coal feed pipe of the coal injector In order to be able to easily dose the amount of coal to be blown in, it is appropriate to design the support plate and / or the coal feed pipe of the coal injector to be adjustable in height. It is also possible for the same purpose, however, in the coal feed pipe a push cylinder, a butterfly valve, a slide or the like. to use.
  • the inlet opening of the housing should be designed as a nozzle, the opening of which is directed onto the support plate.
  • metering valves are expediently assigned to them, by means of which the pulse frequency and / or the blowing duration can be set, it being possible for a row or group of coal injectors to be assigned a common metering valve which is located in the air distributor pipe between the branch from the Main compressed air line and the first coal injector is inserted into this.
  • the coal firing according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in a longitudinally slot-fired tunnel kiln.
  • the method according to the invention and the coal firing according to the proposal make it possible to fire a tunnel furnace with coal without difficulty and without great construction expenditure, without the annoyance of coal dust and Ashes have to be accepted.
  • the coal is conveyed from a bunker by means of airtight transport to coal injectors as burners, to which compressed air can be supplied in pulses from a compressed air line, it is possible with very simple means to transport the coal dust-free to the burning points and meter them and mix them with air insert the tunnel kiln so that good combustion is guaranteed and personnel and maintenance-free operation can be achieved.
  • the coal which is delivered in closed containers and stored in a closed main bunker, is transferred dust-free to an intermediate bunker, which is placed near the furnace, but preferably outside the factory. From there, the coal is then transported along the firing zone via an airtight conveyor chain or another comparable means of conveyance and brought to the individual firing points designed as coal injectors by means of further chains arranged under the top chain at a distance from the rows of stoves, which are always kept at full filling. A certain amount of coal is formed in these by the height-adjustable plate or by a height adjustment of the feed pipe until the natural slope angle is reached automatically and the wake stops. When the metering valve is opened, the air is then blown between the tube and the plate, so that the coal moves radially and at the same time carried tangentially mixed with air, it enters the mixing and blowing tube and falls into the actual combustion channel.
  • the fuel quantity is controlled by varying the number of pulses and / or the blowing length.
  • Exact dosing in the individual groups is possible purely electronically with the greatest accuracy, moreover there is only one moving part in the entire burner group, namely in the dosing valve that does not come into contact with the coal but is fed with conveying air, so that there can be no operational difficulties.
  • the fire is distributed in such a way that it is predetermined by an appropriate mixture of air and more or less coarse coal. It depends on the height of the stove, and on the other hand you can also influence the fire by the appropriate amount of air.
  • the coal injectors thus work as actual burners, maintenance and operation-free, an automatic operation of a tunnel furnace equipped with such a coal firing is thus easily possible.
  • the trimmings also remain dust-free and the finely divided ash can be easily extracted on the sole of the car, e.g. by means of movable pipes which extend to the surface of the car and by means of which the ashes arriving there can be continuously extracted in rhythm with the movements of the car. This reduces ash pollution to a minimum.
  • the completely dust-tight conveyor system eliminates any nuisance to the operation or damage to the electrical systems.
  • the coal burner according to the invention is therefore characterized by extreme simplicity and an operational safety and controllability that can hardly be surpassed.
  • the path of the coal is hermetically sealed all around so that no dust can escape to the outside.
  • the individual burners have no moving and therefore no wear and maintenance-dependent parts.
  • the control is carried out in the usual way with absolute precision through the corresponding energy application, which is based solely on the temperature at the thermocouple. And only about 0.5 - 1 kW in total are required to drive the conveyor system.
  • the tunnel kiln shown in Fig. 1 in a partial section in perspective and designated by 2 for firing ceramic products, such as e.g. of roof tiles, drainage pipes, grid stones and the like. is equipped with a coal burner 1.
  • the individual burning points 3, 3 '... provided in the burning zone of the furnace 1 are formed from coal injectors 21, by means of which metered amounts of coal 4' can be blown into the combustion chamber in pulses.
  • the coal 4 to be burned is hereby made a main bunker, not shown, brought into an intermediate bunker 11 by means of transport 12, which is arranged at the level of the tunnel kiln 1.
  • the coal 4 is conveyed from the bunker 11 along the burning points with the aid of a conveyor belt 13 and reaches the individual burning points 3, 3 '.. 21.
  • the conveyor belts 13 and 14 run at low speed and convey the coal 4 in a very airtight manner from the bunker 11 in very small portions of about 1 to 4 kg / hour to the burning points 3, 3 '... of the tunnel furnace 2. Since the conveyor belts 13 and 14 have the property of not clogging even with continuous running, but rather reaching a predetermined filling level of the devices connected behind it, ensures reliable and dust-free transport of the coal 4 to the coal injectors 21.
  • the housing 24 here is of spiral design and forms a mixing chamber 26 which encloses the plate 23 and opens into the combustion chamber via an injection or mixing tube 25.
  • the outlet opening is designed as a nozzle 27, by means of which compressed air is directed onto the plate 23.
  • the housing 24 is connected by means of a hose line 17 to an air supply pipe 16 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel furnace 2, which in turn is connected to a main air pipe 15 arranged parallel to the conveyor belt 13, in which e.g. Compressed air generated by a fan flows.
  • a controllable metering valve 18 is installed in each case for the pulsed air supply into the coal injector 21 in the air distributor pipes 16 after they have branched off from the main air pipe 15.
  • Air pulses are distributed to the individual coal injectors 21 by means of the metering valve 18 in such a way that the air suddenly blows away the coal lying on the plate 23.
  • the duration of the air injection can be adjusted as desired by means of the valve 18, and the moment the air surge is stopped by the valve 18, the plate 23 fills to the natural angle of repose with one due to the distance of the plate 23 from the coal supply pipe 22 adjustable amount of coal 4 '.
  • the bed height of the coal can be varied on it, so that the amount of coal that is fed to the burning points can be metered in a simple manner.
  • This quantity control is absolutely necessary to achieve a uniform fire across the direction of travel, whereby the ratio between the middle and outer rows of a stove must be adjusted by moving a plate.
  • the coal can be delivered in the right grain size ratio by the mines, on the other hand, an additional control effect can be achieved with the help of the air and, finally, the formation of the blow-in tube 25 can provide another possibility for precisely adapting to the needs of the individual furnace .
  • the ash that is inevitably generated by coal firing is, of course, an unpleasant addition and is particularly undesirable in tunnel kilns.
  • the proposed method or coal firing 1 there is the possibility, e.g. at the end of the tunnel kiln, let some pipes protrude into the combustion slots, which are under vacuum and with which the ashes can be continuously extracted from the car.
  • the ash is expediently blown off the stock by compressed air blasts and then the air-ash mixture is suctioned off.
  • a pressure zone can be built up above it, the pressure of which is slightly higher than the furnace pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln (2) avoiding the inconvenience of coal dust and ashes. Coal is stored in a bunker (11), which is preferably tight, and fed, by means of a tight conveyor belt or chain (13. 14) connected to the bunker, to coal burners (21) consisting of burners arranged along the width of the furnace (2). The burners are connected to an air feeding pipe (15, 16, 17) through which pressurized air is pulsatorily blown on predetermined amounts of coal.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Befeuern eines Tunnelofens mit Kohle sowie einer Kohlefeuerung zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for firing a tunnel furnace with coal and a coal firing system for using this method.

Durch die DE-C 905 473, die GB-A 144 763 sowie die DE-C 443 466 sind in unterschiedlicher Weise ausgebildete Kohlenstaubfeuerungen zum Beheizen von Tunnelöfen bekannt. Bei Tunnelöfen konnte sich jedoch die Kohlefeuerung nicht durchsetzen, da die dort verwendeten auch gruppenweise schaltbaren Kohleschürapparate sowie deren Steuerungen sehr viel Mechanik enthalten und damit personalabhängig, wartungsbedürftig und teuer in der Unterhaltung sind. Ausserdem ist die Explosionsgefahr sehr gross, von allem aber ist die Kohlenstaubbelästigung in einem modernen Ziegelwerk untragbar. Der Niederschlag von Kohlenstaub, der bei diesen Kohlefeuerungen zwangsläufig auftreten würde, kann nämlich die Eigenschaften der elektrischen Schaltgeräte derart beeinflussen, dass deren Funktionsfähigkeit infrage gestellt ist.DE-C 905 473, GB-A 144 763 and DE-C 443 466 disclose coal dust furnaces designed in different ways for heating tunnel kilns. In the case of tunnel kilns, however, coal firing could not prevail, since the coal-firing devices and their controls, which can also be switched in groups, contain a great deal of mechanics and are therefore personnel-dependent, require maintenance and are expensive to maintain. In addition, the risk of explosion is very high, but of all things, the coal dust nuisance in a modern brick plant is prohibitive. The precipitation of coal dust, which would inevitably occur with these coal furnaces, can in fact influence the properties of the electrical switching devices in such a way that their functionality is questioned.

Es ist demnach Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Befeuern eines Tunnelofens mit Kohle sowie eine Kohlefeuerung für Tunnelöfen zu schaffen. Die bisherigen Nachteile des Kohlebetriebes sollen dabei ausgeschlossen werden, so dass bei Vorhandensein ausreichender Kohlevorkommen das Betreiben eines Ziegelwerkes mit Kohle und damit auch eine Umstellung von festen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen auf Kohle, ohne dass eine Belästigung durch Kohlenstaub und Asche eintritt, ohne weiteres möglich ist. Der dazu erforderliche Bau- und Wartungsaufwand soll äusserst gering gehalten werden, dennoch soll eine einwandfreie Anpassung und Steuerung der Kohlefeuerung an die jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen erreicht werden. Vor allem aber soll der eigentliche Brenner wartungs- und bedienungsfrei arbeiten, so dass auch ein automatischer Betrieb des Tunnelofens durchgeführt werden kann.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for firing a tunnel kiln with coal and a coal firing for tunnel kilns. The previous disadvantages of coal operation should be excluded, so that if there is sufficient coal, the operation of a brickworks with coal and thus also a changeover from solid or gaseous fuels to coal without any nuisance from coal dust and ash is possible. The construction and maintenance effort required for this should be kept extremely low, yet the coal firing should be perfectly adapted and controlled to the respective operating conditions. Above all, however, the actual burner should work without maintenance and operation, so that the tunnel kiln can also be operated automatically.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Kohle in einem vorzugsweise luftdichten Bunker gelagert und mittels an diesen angeschlossener luftdichter Transportbänder oder -ketten zu in der Brennzone des Ofens über dessen Breite verteilt angeordnete Kohleinjektoren als Brenner gefördert wird und dass die Kohleinjektoren an eine Luftzuführungsleitung angeschlossen sind, aus der ihnen Druckluft impulsweise zum Einblasen der in dosierten Mengen gelagerten Kohle zugeführt wird.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker and conveyed by means of airtight conveyor belts or chains connected to it to coal injectors arranged as burners in the combustion zone of the furnace over its width, and in that the coal injectors are fed to an air supply line are connected, from which compressed air is fed to them in order to blow in the coal stored in metered quantities.

Die Kohlefeuerung für Tunnelöfen, mittels der dieses Verfahren in sehr vorteilhafter Weise anwendbar ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstellen eines Ofens jeweils durch einen Kohleinjektor gebildet sind, dem die Kohle mittels mit einem vorzugsweise luftdichten Bunker verbundener luftdichter Transportketten oder -bänder zuführbar und der an eine Luftzuführungsleitung angeschlossen ist, aus der Druckluft zur Einbringung vorbestimmter in dem Kohleinjektor lagerbarer Kohlemengen in die Brennzone impulsweise in diesen einblasbar ist.The coal firing for tunnel kilns, by means of which this method can be used in a very advantageous manner, is characterized in that the burning points of a kiln are each formed by a coal injector, to which the coal can be fed by means of airtight transport chains or belts connected to a preferably airtight bunker and which is connected to an air supply line, from which compressed air for introducing predetermined amounts of coal that can be stored in the coal injector into the combustion zone can be blown into these in pulses.

Zweckmässig ist es hierbei, die Kohleinjektoren in Reihe über die Breite der Brennzone des Ofens verteilt anzuordnen und mittels jeweils einem einer Reihe zugeordneten Transportband sowie einem Luftverteilerrohr mit einem an den Kohlebunker angeschlossenen in Längsrichtung des Ofens verlaufenden Transportband bzw. mit einer vorzugsweise parallel zu diesem angeordneten Hauptdruckluftleitung zu verbinden.It is expedient here to arrange the coal injectors in a row distributed over the width of the combustion zone of the furnace and by means of a conveyor belt assigned to each row and an air distributor pipe with a conveyor belt running in the longitudinal direction of the furnace connected to the coal bunker or preferably arranged parallel to the latter To connect the main compressed air line.

Die Kohleinjektoren können in einfacher Weise jeweils aus einem an das Transportband angeschlossenen lotrechten und unten offenen Kohlezuführungsrohr, einer unterhalb von diesem mit Abstand angeordneten Auflageplatte sowie einem das Ende des Zuführungsrohres und die Platte umgebenden Gehäuse gebildet werden, das mit der Druckluftzuführungsleitung sowie über ein Einblas- oder Mischrohr oder unmittelbar mit der Brennstelle verbunden ist, wobei das Gehäuse des Kohleinjektors in seinem achsenkrechten Querschnitt nach Art einer Spirale ausgebildet sein sollte.The coal injectors can each be formed in a simple manner from a vertical coal supply pipe connected to the conveyor belt and open at the bottom, a support plate arranged below it at a distance, and a housing surrounding the end of the supply pipe and the plate, which housing is connected to the compressed air supply line and via an injection pipe. or mixing tube or directly connected to the focal point, the housing of the carbon injector should be designed in the manner of a spiral in its axially perpendicular cross section.

Um die impulsweise einzublasende Kohlemenge leicht dosieren zu können, ist es angebracht, die Auflageplatte und/oder das Kohlezuführungsrohr des Kohleinjektors höhenverstellbar auszubilden. Es ist zu dem gleichen Zweck aber auch möglich, in das Kohlezuführungsrohr einen Schubzylinder, eine Absperrklappe, einen Schieber od.dgl. einzusetzen.In order to be able to easily dose the amount of coal to be blown in, it is appropriate to design the support plate and / or the coal feed pipe of the coal injector to be adjustable in height. It is also possible for the same purpose, however, in the coal feed pipe a push cylinder, a butterfly valve, a slide or the like. to use.

Ausserdem sollte, um die jeweilige möglichst geringe Kohlemenge in kurzer Zeit einzublasen, die Eintrittsöffnung des Gehäuses als Düse ausgebildet sein, deren Öffnung auf die Auflageplatte gerichtet ist.In addition, in order to inject the smallest possible amount of coal in a short time, the inlet opening of the housing should be designed as a nozzle, the opening of which is directed onto the support plate.

Zur impulsweisen Luftzuführung in jeden der Kohleinjektoren sind diesen zweckmässigerweise Dosierventile zugeordnet, mittels denen die Impulsfrequenz und/oder die Blasdauer einstellbar ist, wobei jeweils einer Reihe oder Gruppe von Kohleinjektoren ein diesen gemeinsames Dosierventil zugeordnet werden kann, das in dem Luftverteilerrohr zwischen der Abzweigung von der Hauptdruckluftleitung und dem ersten Kohleinjektor in dieses eingesetzt ist.For pulsed air supply in each of the coal injectors, metering valves are expediently assigned to them, by means of which the pulse frequency and / or the blowing duration can be set, it being possible for a row or group of coal injectors to be assigned a common metering valve which is located in the air distributor pipe between the branch from the Main compressed air line and the first coal injector is inserted into this.

Zweckmässig ist es auch, am Ende des Ofens über dessen Breite verteilt vorzugsweise höhenverstellbare Absaugrohre zum Abführen der Asche anzuordnen, die zweckmässigerweise durch Pressluftstösse von dem Wagenbesatz abgeblasen wird.It is also expedient to arrange, at the end of the furnace over its width, preferably height-adjustable suction pipes for removing the ashes, which are expediently blown off from the trolley by compressed air blasts.

Besonders vorteilhaft anwendbar ist die erfindungsgemässe Kohlefeuerung bei einem längsschlitzbefeuerten Tunnelofen.The coal firing according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in a longitudinally slot-fired tunnel kiln.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren bzw. die vorschlagsgemässe Kohlefeuerung ermöglicht es, einen Tunnelofen ohne Schwierigkeiten und ohne grossen Bauaufwand mit Kohle zu befeuern, ohne dass Belästigungen durch Kohlenstaub und Asche in Kauf genommen werden müssen. Wird nämlich die Kohle aus einem Bunker mittels luftdichter Transportmittel zu Kohleinjektoren als Brenner gefördert, denen aus einer Druckluftleitung impulsweise Druckluft zuführbar ist, so ist es mit sehr einfachen Mitteln möglich, die Kohle staubfrei zu den Brennstellen zu transportieren und diese dosiert und mit Luft vermischt in den Tunnelofen einzubringen, so dass eine gute Verbrennung gewährleistet und ein personal- und wartungsfreier Betrieb zu realisieren ist. Dabei ist auch von Vorteil, dass pro Schürlochreihe bzw. Brennergruppe nur ein Dosierventil mit hoher Schalthäufigkeit mit nur einem bewegten Teil erforderlich ist und dass dieses Ventil lediglich die übliche Frischluft aus der Atmosphäre steuert.The method according to the invention and the coal firing according to the proposal make it possible to fire a tunnel furnace with coal without difficulty and without great construction expenditure, without the annoyance of coal dust and Ashes have to be accepted. If the coal is conveyed from a bunker by means of airtight transport to coal injectors as burners, to which compressed air can be supplied in pulses from a compressed air line, it is possible with very simple means to transport the coal dust-free to the burning points and meter them and mix them with air insert the tunnel kiln so that good combustion is guaranteed and personnel and maintenance-free operation can be achieved. It is also advantageous that only one metering valve with a high switching frequency and only one moving part is required per row of stoves or burner groups, and that this valve only controls the usual fresh air from the atmosphere.

Die Kohle, die in geschlossenen Behältern angeliefert und in einem geschlossenen Hauptbunker gelagert wird, wird hierbei staubfrei in einen Zwischenbunker übergeführt, der in Ofennähe, aber möglichst ausserhalb des Werkes angebracht wird. Von dort wird die Kohle dann über eine luftdichte Förderkette oder ein anderes vergleichbares Fördermittel entlang der Brennzone transportiert und mittels weiterer unter der Oberkette im Abstand der Schürlochreihen angeordneter Ketten zu den einzelnen als Kohleinjektoren ausgebildeten Brennstellen gebracht, die stets auf voller Füllung gehalten werden. In diesen wird durch die in der Höhe verstellbare Platte oder durch eine Höhenverstellung des Zuführungsrohres eine bestimmte Kohlemenge gebildet, bis der natürliche Böschungswinkel selbsttätig erreicht ist und der Nachlauf stoppt. Beim Öffnen des Dosierventils wird sodann die Luft zwischen das Rohr und die Platte geblasen, so dass die Kohle radial bewegt und gleichzeitig tangential getragen mit Luft vermischt in das Misch- und Einblasrohr gelangt und in den eigentlichen Brennkanal herunterfällt.The coal, which is delivered in closed containers and stored in a closed main bunker, is transferred dust-free to an intermediate bunker, which is placed near the furnace, but preferably outside the factory. From there, the coal is then transported along the firing zone via an airtight conveyor chain or another comparable means of conveyance and brought to the individual firing points designed as coal injectors by means of further chains arranged under the top chain at a distance from the rows of stoves, which are always kept at full filling. A certain amount of coal is formed in these by the height-adjustable plate or by a height adjustment of the feed pipe until the natural slope angle is reached automatically and the wake stops. When the metering valve is opened, the air is then blown between the tube and the plate, so that the coal moves radially and at the same time carried tangentially mixed with air, it enters the mixing and blowing tube and falls into the actual combustion channel.

Die Steuerung der Brennstoffmenge erfolgt dabei durch Variation der Impulszahl und/oder Blaslänge. Dabei ist eine exakte Dosierung in den einzelnen Gruppen rein elektronisch mit grösster Genauigkeit möglich, ausserdem befindet sich in der ganzen Brennergruppe nur ein einziges bewegtes Teil, und zwar in dem Dosierventil, das nicht mit der Kohle in Berührung kommt, sondern mit Förderluft beschickt wird, so dass keine dadurch bedingten Betriebsschwierigkeiten entstehen können.The fuel quantity is controlled by varying the number of pulses and / or the blowing length. Exact dosing in the individual groups is possible purely electronically with the greatest accuracy, moreover there is only one moving part in the entire burner group, namely in the dosing valve that does not come into contact with the coal but is fed with conveying air, so that there can be no operational difficulties.

Die Feuerverteilung wird in der Weise vorgenommen, dass diese durch eine entsprechende Mischung von Luft und mehr oder weniger grober Kohle vorbestimmt wird. Sie ist abhängig von der Ofenhöhe, zum anderen kann man durch die entsprechende Luftmenge noch eine zusätzliche Beeinflussung des Feuers erzielen.The fire is distributed in such a way that it is predetermined by an appropriate mixture of air and more or less coarse coal. It depends on the height of the stove, and on the other hand you can also influence the fire by the appropriate amount of air.

Die Kohleinjektoren arbeiten somit als eigentliche Brenner wartungs- und bedienungsfrei, ein automatischer Betrieb eines mit einer derartigen Kohlefeuerung ausgerüsteten Tunnelofens ist somit ohne weiteres möglich. Auch bleibt der Besatz staubfrei und die feinverteilte Asche kann auf der Wagensohle sehr leicht abgesaugt werden, z.B. durch eingebrachte bewegliche Rohre, die bis nahe an die Oberfläche des Wagens reichen und mittels denen die dort ankommende Asche ständig im Rhytmus der Wagenbewegungen abgesaugt werden kann. Somit ist die Aschebelästigung auf ein Minimum reduziert. Gleichzeitig wird durch die vollkommen staubdichte Förderanlage jegliche Belästigung des Betriebes oder Schädigung an den elektrischen Anlagen ausgeschlossen.The coal injectors thus work as actual burners, maintenance and operation-free, an automatic operation of a tunnel furnace equipped with such a coal firing is thus easily possible. The trimmings also remain dust-free and the finely divided ash can be easily extracted on the sole of the car, e.g. by means of movable pipes which extend to the surface of the car and by means of which the ashes arriving there can be continuously extracted in rhythm with the movements of the car. This reduces ash pollution to a minimum. At the same time, the completely dust-tight conveyor system eliminates any nuisance to the operation or damage to the electrical systems.

Die erfindungsgemässe Kohlefeuerung zeichnet sich somit durch äusserste Einfachheit und eine kaum zu überbietende Betriebssicherheit und Steuerfähigkeit aus. Der Weg der Kohle ist rundherum hermetisch abgeschlossen, so dass kein Staub nach aussen dringen kann. Die einzelnen Brennstellen haben keine bewegten und damit keine verschleiss- und wartungsabhängigen Teile. Die Steuerung erfolgt in gewohnter Weise absolut exakt durch entsprechende Energieaufgabe, die sich allein nach der Temperatur am Thermoelement richtet. Und für den Antrieb der Förderanlage sind nur etwa 0,5 - 1 kW insgesamt erforderlich.The coal burner according to the invention is therefore characterized by extreme simplicity and an operational safety and controllability that can hardly be surpassed. The path of the coal is hermetically sealed all around so that no dust can escape to the outside. The individual burners have no moving and therefore no wear and maintenance-dependent parts. The control is carried out in the usual way with absolute precision through the corresponding energy application, which is based solely on the temperature at the thermocouple. And only about 0.5 - 1 kW in total are required to drive the conveyor system.

Da Luft nur noch dann zugegeben wird, wenn tatsächlich Kohle in die Brennkammer eingeblasen wird, ist auch der Luftverbrauch sehr gering. Mit der vorschlagsgemässen Anlage dürfte es demnach möglich sein, das Energieproblem speziell für keramische Ziegelwerke auch wirtschaftlich und betrieblich zu lösen.Since air is only added when coal is actually blown into the combustion chamber, the air consumption is also very low. With the proposed system, it should therefore be possible to solve the energy problem economically and operationally, especially for ceramic brick plants.

Ein zusätzlicher günstiger Effekt tritt insofern auf, als nun, wie früher bei den kohlebefeuerten Öfen, Schwefel und zum Teil auch Fluor in den anfallenden Ascheteilchen absorbiert werden und somit ein weiterer Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Umweltbedingung geleistet wird.An additional beneficial effect arises in that now, like in coal-fired furnaces, sulfur and partly also fluorine are absorbed in the ash particles and a further contribution to improving the environmental condition is made.

Wird diese Kohlefeuerung auf kontinuierlich betriebenen Öfen eingesetzt, die mit Längsschlitzen arbeiten, ist es, wie bereits erwähnt, möglich, die anfallende Asche noch vor Verlassen des Ofens von den Wagen abzusaugen und ggf. unmittelbar zur Aufbereitung als Magerungsmittel zu verwenden.If this coal firing is used on continuously operated furnaces that work with longitudinal slots, it is possible, as already mentioned, to extract the ash from the wagons before leaving the furnace and, if necessary, to use them directly for processing as a lean agent.

Weitere Einzelheiten der gemäss der Erfindung ausgebildeten Kohlefeuerung für Tunnelöfen sind dem in der Zeichnung dargestellen Ausführungsbeispiel, das nachfolgend im einzelnen erläutert ist, zu entnehmen. Hierbei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen mit einer Kohlefeuerung ausgestatteten Tunnelofen in Teilansicht und
  • Fig. 2 einen bei der Kohlefeuerung nach Fig. 1 als Brenner verwendbaren Kohleinjektor im Schnitt.
Further details of the coal firing for tunnel kilns designed according to the invention can be found in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing, which is explained in detail below. Here shows:
  • Fig. 1 is a coal furnace equipped with a tunnel furnace in partial view and
  • Fig. 2 is a coal injector usable as a burner in the coal firing of Fig. 1 in section.

Der in Fig. 1 in einem Teilschnitt in perspektivischer Darstellung gezeigte und mit 2 bezeichnete Tunnelofen zum Brennen karamischer Erzeugnisse, wie z.B. von Dachziegeln, Dränagerohren, Gittersteinen u.dgl. ist mit einer Kohlefeuerung 1 ausgerüstet. Die einzelnen in der Brennzone des Ofens 1 vorgesehenen Brennstellen 3, 3' ... sind aus Kohleinjektoren 21 gebildet, mittels denen dosierbare Kohlemengen 4' impulsweise in die Brennkammer einblasbar sind.The tunnel kiln shown in Fig. 1 in a partial section in perspective and designated by 2 for firing ceramic products, such as e.g. of roof tiles, drainage pipes, grid stones and the like. is equipped with a coal burner 1. The individual burning points 3, 3 '... provided in the burning zone of the furnace 1 are formed from coal injectors 21, by means of which metered amounts of coal 4' can be blown into the combustion chamber in pulses.

Die zu verfeuernde Kohle 4 wird hierbei aus einem nicht gezeigten Hauptbunker mittels eines Transportmittels 12 in einen Zwischenbunker 11 gebracht, der in Höhe des Tunnelofens 1 angeordnet ist. Von dem Bunker 11 wird die Kohle 4 mit Hilfe eines Transportbandes 13 entlang der Brennstellen gefördert und gelangt mittels weiterer quer dazu angeordneter Transportbänder 14, die unterhalb des Transportbandes 13 montiert sind, zu den einzelnen Brennstellen 3, 3' ... bzw. den Kohleinjektoren 21.The coal 4 to be burned is hereby made a main bunker, not shown, brought into an intermediate bunker 11 by means of transport 12, which is arranged at the level of the tunnel kiln 1. The coal 4 is conveyed from the bunker 11 along the burning points with the aid of a conveyor belt 13 and reaches the individual burning points 3, 3 '.. 21.

Die Transportbänder 13 und 14 laufen mit geringer Geschwindigkeit und fördern von dem Bunker 11 völlig luftdicht abgeschlossen die Kohle 4 in sehr kleinen Portionen von etwa 1 bis 4 kg/Stunde zu den Brennstellen 3, 3' ... des Tunnelofens 2. Da die Transportbänder 13 und 14 die Eigenschaft haben, auch bei kontinuierlichem Laufen nicht zu verstopfen, sondern einen vorgegebenen Füllungsgrad der dahintergeschalteten Apparate erreichen, ist ein zuverlässiger und staubfreier Transport der Kohle 4 zu den Kohleinjektoren 21 sichergestellt.The conveyor belts 13 and 14 run at low speed and convey the coal 4 in a very airtight manner from the bunker 11 in very small portions of about 1 to 4 kg / hour to the burning points 3, 3 '... of the tunnel furnace 2. Since the conveyor belts 13 and 14 have the property of not clogging even with continuous running, but rather reaching a predetermined filling level of the devices connected behind it, ensures reliable and dust-free transport of the coal 4 to the coal injectors 21.

Die Kohleinjektoren 21 bestehen, wie dies im einzelnen der Fig. 2 entnommen werden kann, jeweils aus einem an das Transportband 14 angeschlossenen lotrecht angeordneten und unten offenen Kohlezuführungsrohr 22, einer unterhalb von diesem mit Abstand angeordneten Auflageplatte 23 sowie einem das Ende des Zuführungsrohres 22 und die Platte 23 umgebenden Gehäuse 24. Das Gehäuse 24 ist hierbei spiralförmig ausgebildet und bildet eine die Platte 23 einschliessende Mischkammr 26, die über ein Einblas- oder Mischrohr 25 in den Brennraum mündet. Ausserdem ist die Austrittsöffnung als Düse 27 gestaltet, mittels der Druckluft auf die Platte 23 geleitet wird.The coal injectors 21, as can be seen in detail in FIG. 2, each consist of a vertically arranged and open at the bottom open coal supply pipe 22 connected to the conveyor belt 14, a support plate 23 arranged below it and a the end of the supply pipe 22 and the housing 24 surrounding the plate 23. The housing 24 here is of spiral design and forms a mixing chamber 26 which encloses the plate 23 and opens into the combustion chamber via an injection or mixing tube 25. In addition, the outlet opening is designed as a nozzle 27, by means of which compressed air is directed onto the plate 23.

Dazu ist das Gehäuse 24 mittels einer Schlauchleitung 17 an ein quer zur Längsrichtung des Tunnelofens 2 verlaufendes Luftzuführungsrohr 16 angeschlossen, das wiederum mit einem parallel zu dem Transportband 13 angeordneten Hauptluftrohr 15 in Verbindung steht, in dem z.B. durch einen Ventilator erzeugte Druckluft strömt. Des weiteren ist zur impulsweisen Luftzuführung in den Kohleinjektor 21 in die Luftverteilerrohre 16 nach deren Abzweigung von dem Hauptluftrohr 15 jeweils ein steuerbares Dosierventil 18 eingebaut.For this purpose, the housing 24 is connected by means of a hose line 17 to an air supply pipe 16 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel furnace 2, which in turn is connected to a main air pipe 15 arranged parallel to the conveyor belt 13, in which e.g. Compressed air generated by a fan flows. Furthermore, a controllable metering valve 18 is installed in each case for the pulsed air supply into the coal injector 21 in the air distributor pipes 16 after they have branched off from the main air pipe 15.

Mittels des Dosierventils 18 werden Luftimpulse auf die einzelnen Kohleinjektoren 21 derart verteilt, dass die Luft die auf der Platte 23 liegende Kohle plötzlich wegbläst. Die Dauer der Lufteinblasung ist hierbei beliebig mittels des Ventils 18 einstellbar und in dem Augenblick, in dem der Luftstoss von dem Ventil 18 wiederum gestoppt wird, füllt sich die Platte 23 bis zum natürlichen Schüttwinkel mit einer durch den Abstand der Platte 23 von dem Kohlezuführungsrohr 22 einstellbaren Kohlemenge 4'.Air pulses are distributed to the individual coal injectors 21 by means of the metering valve 18 in such a way that the air suddenly blows away the coal lying on the plate 23. The duration of the air injection can be adjusted as desired by means of the valve 18, and the moment the air surge is stopped by the valve 18, the plate 23 fills to the natural angle of repose with one due to the distance of the plate 23 from the coal supply pipe 22 adjustable amount of coal 4 '.

Da die Platte 23 in der Höhe verstellbar ausgebildet ist, kann die Schütthöhe der Kohle auf dieser variiert werden, so dass die Menge der den Brennstellen jeweils zuführenden Kohle auf einfache Weise zu dosieren ist. Diese Mengenregelung ist zur Erzielung eines gleichmässigen Brandes quer zur Fahrtrichtung unbedingt erforderlich, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen den mittleren und äusseren Reihen eines Ofens durch Verstellen einer Platte einzustellen ist.Since the height of the plate 23 is adjustable, the bed height of the coal can be varied on it, so that the amount of coal that is fed to the burning points can be metered in a simple manner. This quantity control is absolutely necessary to achieve a uniform fire across the direction of travel, whereby the ratio between the middle and outer rows of a stove must be adjusted by moving a plate.

Die Kohle wird somit bis zum Erreichen des Schüttwinkels auf die Platte 23 nachfallen und dann liegenbleiben. Wird jetzt von dem Dosierventil 18 gesteuert ein Luftimpuls eingegeben, so wird die Kohle weggeblasen, und zwar wird sie tangential von der Platte 23 heruntertransportiert und gleichzeitig in der spiralförmigen Mischkammer 25 mit Luft gemischt und durch das an diese angeschlossene Einblasrohr 25 in den Brennschlitz geblasen. Damit ist die optimale Mischung zwischen Feinstaub, der immer anfällt, grober und weniger grober Kohle entsprechend der Feuerhöhe und Feuerverteilung in dem Brennraum gegeben.The coal will thus fall onto the plate 23 until the angle of repose is reached and then remain there. If an air pulse is now input from the metering valve 18, the coal is blown away, namely it is transported tangentially from the plate 23 and at the same time mixed with air in the spiral mixing chamber 25 and blown into the combustion slot through the injection pipe 25 connected to it. This provides the optimal mix between fine dust that always accumulates, coarse and less coarse coal, depending on the fire height and fire distribution in the combustion chamber.

Zur Einstellung der Feuerhöhe hat man verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Zum einen kann die Kohle im rechten Körnungsverhältnis von den Zechen angeliefert werden, zum anderen kann man mit Hilfe der Luft einen zusätzlichen Steuereffekt erzielen und schliesslich kann man noch durch die Ausbildung des Einblasrohres 25 eine weitere Möglichkeit schaffen, sich den Bedürfnissen des einzelnen Ofens exakt anzupassen.There are various options for setting the fire height. On the one hand, the coal can be delivered in the right grain size ratio by the mines, on the other hand, an additional control effect can be achieved with the help of the air and, finally, the formation of the blow-in tube 25 can provide another possibility for precisely adapting to the needs of the individual furnace .

Die zwangsläufig bei einer Kohlefeuerung anfallende Asche ist natürlich eine unangenehme Beigabe und speziell bei Tunnelöfen nicht erwünscht. Bei Anwendung des vorschlagsgemässen Verfahrens bzw. der Kohlefeuerung 1 besteht aber die Möglichkeit, z.B. am Ende des Tunnelofens einige Rohre in die Brennschlitze hineinragen zu lassen, die unter Vakuum stehen und mit denen ständig die Asche von den Wagen abgesaugt werden kann. Dabei wird zweckmässigerweise die Asche durch Pressluftstösse zunächst von dem Besatz geblasen und dann wird das Luft-Asche-Gemisch abgesaugt. Und um zu verhindern, dass die Asche in die Sandrinne gelangt, kann über dieser eine Druckzone aufgebaut werden, deren Druck um ein geringes Mass über dem Ofendruck liegt.The ash that is inevitably generated by coal firing is, of course, an unpleasant addition and is particularly undesirable in tunnel kilns. When using the proposed method or coal firing 1, there is the possibility, e.g. at the end of the tunnel kiln, let some pipes protrude into the combustion slots, which are under vacuum and with which the ashes can be continuously extracted from the car. In this case, the ash is expediently blown off the stock by compressed air blasts and then the air-ash mixture is suctioned off. And to prevent the ashes from getting into the sand channel, a pressure zone can be built up above it, the pressure of which is slightly higher than the furnace pressure.

Claims (12)

1. Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln, characterized in that the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker (11) and fed by means of airtight belts or chains (13, 14) to the burners being coal injectors (21) allocated over the kiln's width, which belts or chains are connected to the bunker and that the coal injectors (21) are connected to an air feeding pipe (15, 16, 17) through which pressurized air is pulsating supplied to the coal injectors in order to inject the coal (4') stored in predetermined quantities.
2. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns to carry out the process of claim 1, characterized in that as burners (3, 3') of a kiln (2) a coal injector (21) is provided respectively, to each of which coal (4) is fed by means of airtight transport chains or belts (13, 14) connected to a preferably airtight bunker (11) and to each of which an air feeding pipe (15, 16, 17) is connected, out of which pressurized air is pulsating injectable to the coal injector (21) in order to inject predetermined quantities of coal (4'), storable in the coal injector, into the burning zone.
3. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of claim 2, characterized in that the coal injectors (21) are allocated one by one over the width of the kiln's (2) burning zone and are by means of a transport belt (14) accompanying to one line of injectors and by means of an air feeding pipe (16) connected to a transport belt (13) in turn connected to the coal bunker (11) and located in line with the longitudinal axis of the kiln (2) and to a main air feeding pipe (15) respectively, preferably extended parallel to the belt (13).
4. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each coal injector (21) comprises a vertically oriented coal feeding tube (22) connected to the transport belt (14) and being open at its lower end, a plate (23) mounted below the tube (22) and spaced therefrom and a housing (24) surrounding the end of the feeding tube (22) and the plate (23) as well, which housing is connected to the air feeding pipe (16, 17) and further connected to the burner (3, 3') directly or by means of an injection or mixing tube (25).
5. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 4, characterized in that the cross-section through the vertically oriented axis of the housing (24) of the coal injector (21) has a spiral shape.
6. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 5, characterized in that the plate (23) and/or the coal feeding tube (22) of the coal injector (21) can be travelled up and down in order to adjust the coal quantity (4') to be pulsating injected.
7. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 5, characterized in that the coal feeding tube (22) for dosing the pulsating injected coal quantity (4') is incorporating a push cylinder, a closing shutter, a valve or the like.
8. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 7, characterized in that the input port of the housing (24) is designed as a nozzle (27) the opening of which is directed towards the plate (23).
9. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 8, characterized in that in order to pulsating feed in air to each of the coal injectors dosing valves (18) are adjoined to same by means of which the pulse frequency an/ or the duration of the injection are adjustable.
10. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of claim 9, characterized in that one common dosing valve (18) is adjoined to one line or group of coal injectors (21), which valve is incorporated into the air feeding pipe (16) between the branching-off point of the main air feeding pipe (15) and the first coal injector.
11. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 10, characterized in that near the output of the kiln (2) allocated over its width preferably vertically adjustable exhaust pipes are provided to remove ashes.
12. Coal burning device for tunnel kilns of one of the claims 2 through 11, characterized in that the device is used with a tunnel kiln heated by means of a longitudinally slot.
EP79900029A 1978-01-12 1979-07-31 Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln and coal burner for tunnel kiln Expired EP0015903B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2801193A DE2801193C2 (en) 1978-01-12 1978-01-12 Process for firing a tunnel kiln with coal and coal-firing for tunnel kilns
DE2801193 1978-01-12

Publications (2)

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EP0015903A1 EP0015903A1 (en) 1980-10-01
EP0015903B1 true EP0015903B1 (en) 1983-01-12

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EP79900029A Expired EP0015903B1 (en) 1978-01-12 1979-07-31 Burning method in a coal tunnel kiln and coal burner for tunnel kiln

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US (1) US4283170A (en)
EP (1) EP0015903B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS55500025A (en)
DE (1) DE2801193C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1979000492A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN158083B (en) * 1981-07-01 1986-08-30 Babcock Power Ltd
US4412814A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-11-01 Dennis Jr Silas P Apparatus and method for operating a brick kiln
CN115031230B (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-03-24 安徽锐星节能科技有限公司 Omnibearing kiln tail coal sprayer of combustor, use method and combustor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB144763A (en) * 1919-03-11 1920-06-11 James John Cantley Brand Improvements in apparatus for firing furnaces with powdered fuel
US1437342A (en) * 1920-03-20 1922-11-28 Benjamin G Griggs Fine-fuel-feeding means for furnaces
DE443466C (en) * 1924-09-26 1927-04-29 Barbara Gaertner Geb Braetsch Dust distributors and dust conveyors for combustion dust systems
US2342039A (en) * 1942-09-28 1944-02-15 Link Belt Co Bucket conveyer
DE905473C (en) * 1943-08-04 1954-03-01 Keramische Ind Bedarfs K G Pau Device for heating tunnel ovens with coal dust
US2693775A (en) * 1950-02-11 1954-11-09 Allen Sherman Hoff Co Ash handling apparatus
DE1757836U (en) 1957-07-19 1957-12-12 Julius Tielbuerger DRIVE FOR DRUMS OF POTATO WHEELS.
FR1489369A (en) * 1966-08-10 1967-07-21 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Method and apparatus for uniformly feeding the crushers of a coal dust furnace
DE1757836B2 (en) * 1968-06-19 1973-11-22 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Coaling plant for power plants
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US4092094A (en) * 1977-02-25 1978-05-30 Lingl Corporation Method and apparatus for the controlled distribution of powdered solid fuel to burning units

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US4283170A (en) 1981-08-11
DE2801193B1 (en) 1979-06-28
DE2801193C2 (en) 1980-02-28
EP0015903A1 (en) 1980-10-01
JPS55500025A (en) 1980-01-24
WO1979000492A1 (en) 1979-07-26

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