EP0015279A1 - Coating system. - Google Patents
Coating system.Info
- Publication number
- EP0015279A1 EP0015279A1 EP79900757A EP79900757A EP0015279A1 EP 0015279 A1 EP0015279 A1 EP 0015279A1 EP 79900757 A EP79900757 A EP 79900757A EP 79900757 A EP79900757 A EP 79900757A EP 0015279 A1 EP0015279 A1 EP 0015279A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- aluminum
- coloring
- anodized
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- AUOKSPBBOCQYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-diphenylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AUOKSPBBOCQYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009500 colour coating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical class [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydroxy, amino Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical group [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical class [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWVUQPVLFOTSFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].[Ti+].[NH4+] Chemical compound C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].[Ti+].[NH4+] FWVUQPVLFOTSFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930194542 Keto Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019993 champagne Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013905 glycine and its sodium salt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002333 glycines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDQGVVQLXXAWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-1,1-diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N(C)C)(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VDQGVVQLXXAWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/20—Electrolytic after-treatment
- C25D11/22—Electrolytic after-treatment for colouring layers
Definitions
- both processes produce an anodized layer which is relatively thick (customarily 1.5 mil or heavier) in order to obtain high heat resistance and is of a darkish, muddied color, thereby rendering it unsuitable for use in a process where light, unmuddied colors are desired.
- U.S. Patent 3,524,799 is directed towards a room temperature process for anodizing aluminum in order to produce hard, dense anodic coatings and the novel process of the present invention utilizes as one step thereof a modification of the process disclosed by this patentee.
- the specification and claims of this patent are directed to the formation of hard, dense anodic coatings on aluminum or aluminum alloys by anodizing the aluminum in an aqueous electrolyte containing a mineral acid, such as sulfuric acid, a polyhydric alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an organic carboxylic acid containing at least one reactive group in the alpha-position to the carboxylic acid group, such as lactic acid or glycine, and an alkali salt of a titanic acid complex of a hydroxyaliphatic carboxylic acid containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as, for example, titanium dilactate ammonium salt.
- a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, a polyhydric alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms
- a process and bath which demonstrates high throwing power provides uniform color to small creases, cracks, nooks, detents, etc., as well as the larger uniform surfaces of an aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece being colored.
- High throwing power also permits the introduction into the coloring bath of a mix of workpieces in terms of their alloy composition and overall physical configuration to obtain uniform color of all such workpieces.
- prior art coloring techniques it was often difficult, if not impossible, to obtain uniform coloring of workpieces of different alloys or shapes in a single coloring bath at the same time.
- spacing of the various workpieces in the coloring bath was a critical factor in successfully uniformly coloring aluminum extrusions, particularly for architectural purposes.
- a novel process for the production of colored coatings on articles of aluminum or aluminum alloys which are particularly adapted to be employed for architectural uses which involves first forming a hard, dense anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum base alloys by anodizing the aluminum in a specific electrolyte comprising sulfuric acid, a polyhydric alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an organic carboxylic acid containing at least one reactive group in the alpha position in order to obtain a material having a film thickness of 5-28 microns (0.2 to 1..1 mils) and thereafter electrolytically coloring said anodized aluminum by passing alternating current between said anodized aluminum and a counter-electrode in an aqueous bath containing acid and a metal salt
- the combination is an anodizing bath of a polyhydric alcohol containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and an organic carboxylic acid containing a reactive group in alpha-position to the carboxylic acid group will react with the hot reaction products formed during anodizing with or adjacent to the surface of the pore base, and thereby suppress the attack or dissolution of the forming oxide film by these products.
- the mineral acid component of the electrolyte is sulfuric acid.
- the anodizing bath concentration of sulfuric acid is generally maintained between about 12% and about 20% by weight, preferably about 15%.
- Polyhydric alcohols containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms which may be employed in the practice of the invention, singly or in admixture, include glycerol, butane-diol 1, 4, pentanediol-1, 5, mannitol and sorbitol.
- the total amount of polyhydric alcohol employed ranges from about 1% to about 4% by volume of the anodizing electrolyte.
- the preferred polyhydric alcohol is glycerol at a concentration of between about 1% to about 2%.
- the organic carboxylic acids containing a reactive group in alpha-position to the carboxylic acid group include acids in which the reactive group is hydroxy, amino, keto, or carboxyl.
- examples of such acids include glycolic (hydroxyacetic), lactic (hydroxypropionic), malic (hydroxysuccinic), oxalic, pyruvic, and aminoacetic acids.
- Acyclic carboxylic acids such as lactic, malic, and glycolic amino-acetic (glycine) acids are preferred.
- Glycolic acid is specifically preferred in combination with glycerol.
- a mixture of two or more of these acids may be employed in combination with the mineral acid and the polyhydric alcohol.
- the amount of carboxylic acid included in the electrolyte is preferably between about 1% and about 4% by volume of the bath.
- a preferred concentration when glycolic acid is used in combination with glycerol is between about 1 and 2% by volume.
- the temperature at which anodizing is carried out must range from 18 to 30°C (65.-85° ⁇ 0 with room temperature condition, i.e., 68-75°, F, being preferred.
- the current density which is used in the anodizing operation be in the range of from about 24 to about 36 amperes/sq. ft. (2.6 to 3.9A/dm 2 ) .
- the time required to achieve the desired film thickness of between about 0.2 and 1.1 mils will vary with the other parameters of temperature, current density, chemical composition of the bath, etc., but generally anodizing times on the order of from about 8 to about 30 minutes produce acceptable results.
- the aluminum article is thereafter colored electrolytically by passing alternating current between said article and a counterelectrode an aqueous acidic solution containing a water soluble metal salt.
- the electrolytic coloring process is extremely well known in the art, and in this connection, is disclosed in the technical and patent literature, including U.S. Patent 3,669,856; 3,849,263 and 3,869,180; the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
- the preferred metallic salt is a salt of tin, although salts of nickel, cobalt, copper and silicomolybdic acid and silicotungstic acid can also be employed, individually or in combination.
- the salts of these metals could be formed by adding the metal to the sulfuric acid in. the bath, but, preferably a sulfate salt of the metal is added to the bath for better control of the amount of the metal in solution in the electrolyte.
- the metallic salts desired to provide the particular color can be utilized at a concentration of from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 2% by weight based on the electrolyte.
- the salts modify the pH of the electrolyte to which they are added, and the pH of the complete bath may ordinarily range from about 3.5 to 5.
- the pH may be as low as 1, preferably 1.5. Tin in the preferred metalibr the salt because of the high throwing power of the bath and resultant improved colour effects at such low pH values.
- the alternating current may have a frequency of 10-
- the counterelectrode which is employed is preferably made out of the same metal as the metal used in the electrolyte solution.
- the counterelectrode be made out of tin.
- counterelectrodes made of other materials, such as graphite, stainless steel or titanium can also be used.
- the electrolytic coloring process is carried out by passing an alternating current between the anodized article of aluminum or aluminum alloy which has been carried out in the manner above-described, and a counterelectrode immersed in an acid aqueous bath containing metal salts having coloring cations, wherein the colored tones of the coatings can be controlled in a simple manner by modulating the shape of the curve of the applied alternating voltage in such a manner that during the coloring process the alternating voltage will provide a suitable ratio between the two current directions for an advantageous transport of material and course of reaction with regard to said anodized aluminum article.
- the alternating voltage supplied is modulated as regarding its amplitude and/or frequency so as to make asymmetrical, thereby to control the color tone of the aluminum article.
- the modulation of the alternating- voltage can be carried out in several ways, such as simultaneously supplying two or more different alternating voltages or a superimposed direct voltage or by generating an alternating voltage having the desired frequency and curve shape.
- the material for the counterelectrodes can be stainless steel, titanium, copper, nickel, but preferably tin because they lead to advantageously low energy consumption.
- the strength of the alternating voltage in the modulation of the amplitude and/or frequency thereof according to the present process is from 5-50 volts, depending upon the composition of the electrolyte and the properties of the oxide layer previously formed.
- a current density of from 0.1 to 0.5 A/dm 2 , dependent on the electrolyte employed and a low treatment period of from 1 to 10 minutes.
- various soluble metallic salts can be employed.
- the preferred salts are those of tin, although salts of nickel, cobalt, copper, silicomolybdic acid and silicotungstic acid can also be employed.
- the electrolytic coloring bath also contains a strong acid which is desirably either sulfuric or hydrochloric.
- the metallic salts . e.g., sulfates, chlorides, acetates, etc. desired to provide the particular color can be utilized at a concentration of from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 2% by weight based on the electrolyte.
- the pH of the electrolyte may vary considerably within the acid range, but pHs of about 1.5 have been found to be useful.
- a particularly preferred embodiment resides in having present in the electrolyte a certain amount of aluminum.
- the aluminum can be provided by the addition of suitable aluminum compounds, such as aluminum sulfate or a certain part of a previously used electrolytic bath can also be used.
- suitable aluminum compounds such as aluminum sulfate or a certain part of a previously used electrolytic bath can also be used.
- the amount of aluminum which is present in the electro- lyte can range from 0-12 grams/liter, and more desirably, from 4-8 grams/liter.
- novel process of this invention is applicable to color articles made from aluminum, as well as from aluminum base alloys of all kinds.
- the coloring takes place faster, more efficiently if the alternating current is regulated relatively slowly of the order of a few seconds from 0 to the voltage which is desired for the coloring. This relates toboth the starting up of the coloring and to a latter supply of another alternating voltage than the one initially used.
- An aluminum article is anodized for about 24 minutes at 65°F in an anodizing bath at 1.5 pH and having the following composition:
- Example 2 The process of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that a deep red to black color is obtained, depending on duration, using copper sulfate instead of tin sulfate, a pH of 4.0 and a counterelectrode of graphite.
- Example 3 The process of Example 2 is repeated with the exception that bronze tones to black are obtained using cobalt sulfate as the salt.
- Example 2 The process of Example 2 is repeated with the exception that bronze tones are obtained using nickel sulfate as the salt and a counterelectrode of nickel.
- EXAMPLE 5 An aluminum article was anodized in accordance with normal anodizing techniques utilizing a current density of 24 amperes/sq. ft. and an electrolytic bath comprising 20 weight percent surfuric acid, and 8 grams/liter of oxalic acid. The temperature utilize ranged from 18-21°C, and the resulting aluminum article had an anodized layer of 25 microns. The results product was not suitable for coloring due to the fact that it was darkish in color.
- EXAMPLE 6 An aluminum article was anodized using a solution comprising 18 weight percent sulfuric acid, 1% glycolic acid and 1% glycerol. The anodizing was carried out at a current density of 36 amperes/sq. ft. at a temperature of about 19.5°C. After 13 minutes an anodized layer of approximately 0.83 mils was obtained.
- the anodized aluminum article was then electrolytically colored by immersing the same into a bath comprising 25 grams/liter sulfuric acid, 22 grams/liter sulfonic acid, 25 grams/liter tin sulfate, 5 grams/liter aluminum sulfate, 0.2 grams/liter of 8- naphthol and 0.4 grams of gelatin per liter.
- the electrolytic coloring was carried out by applying alternating current through the electrolyte at a voltage of 8 volts for three minutes. Three minutes of alternating current of half-wave was then applied. An aluminum article having a blackish color was obtained.
- EXAMPLE 7 An aluminum article was anodized utilizing the electrolyte solution of Example 2 at a current density of -40 amperes/sq. ft. at a temperature of 20°C.
- the anodized article which was obtained was thereafter electrolytically colored in accordance with the techniques of United States 3,669,856. This resulted in an article having poor color.
- EXAMPLE 8 An aluminum article was anodized utilizing the anodixing solution set forth in Example 2 at a temperature of 20°C and at a current density of 48. amperes/sq. ft. The anodizing was carried out until an anodized layer was obtained which had a thickness of about 1.65 mils. Subsequent color anodizing of this material in accordance with the techniques of this invention resulted in spalling on the anodic film.
- EXAMPLE 9 An aluminum article was anodized utilizing the electrolyte solution of Example 2 at a temperature of 21°C until an anodized layer having a thickness of about 8 mils was obtained.
- This material was then electrolytically colored utilizing the techniques Of United States 3,669,856 and the color solution of Example 2. Alternating current was applied for 1 1/2 minutes and thereafter a half-wave alternating current was applied for a half-minute. The resulting material was colored satisfactorily and was capable for use as an architectural material.
- An aluminum article was anodized using the electrolytic solution of Example 2 at a temperature of 20°C for six minutes in order to obtain an article which had a thickness of approximately 0.4 mils.
- This material was then electrolytically colored utilizing the solution of Example 2 by passing normal AC current between the aluminum article and a counter- electrode for two minutes, thereafter an alternating current having a minus half-wave which was asymmetrical was applied for one minute.
- Example 12 An aluminum article was anodized utilizing the solution of Example 2 at a temperature of 20°C, a current density of 36 amperes/sq. ft. in order to obtain a material which had a thickness of 1.1 mils. The material was thereafter color anodized utilizing the tin solution set forth in Example 2 and the technique of United States 3,669,856. Alternating current was applied for 1 1/2 minutes followed by half-wave at one minute. A perfectly acceptable colored article was obtained. EXAMPLE 12
- Example 5 The process of Example 5 is repeated with the exception that after the product was run to a bronze color, it was immersed in an oxidizing acid, preferably 20-30 volume % nitric acid at room temperature, which resulted in a uniform champagne color. This color is virtually impossible to produce in a uniform manner by any other known process.
- an oxidizing acid preferably 20-30 volume % nitric acid at room temperature
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Un procede de production de revetement en couleur sur des articles en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium, adapte particulierement pour etre utilise dans le domaine de l'architecture, consiste en premier lieu a former un revetement anodique dur et dense sur de l'aluminium ou des alliages d'aluminium par oxydation anodique de l'aluminium dans un electrolyte comprenant de l'acide sulfurique, un alcool polyhydrique de 3 a 6 atomes de carbone et un acide de carboxylique organique contenant au moins un groupe reactif dans la position alpha de maniere a obtenir une pellicule d'un materiau d'une epaisseur de 5 a 28 microns puis a colorer par voie electrolitique ledit aluminium oxyde anodiquement en faisant passer un courant alternatif entre ledit aluminium anodise et une contre-electrode dans un bain aqueux contenant de l'acide et un sel metallique. La tension peut etre modulee de l'exterieur du systeme a electrode de maniere a appliquer sur les electrode une tension avec asymetrie commandees.A method of producing color coating on aluminum or aluminum alloy articles, particularly adapted for use in the architectural field, comprises firstly forming a hard, dense anodic coating on aluminum or aluminum alloys by anodic oxidation of aluminum in an electrolyte comprising sulfuric acid, a polyhydric alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an organic carboxylic acid containing at least one reactive group in the alpha position of manner of obtaining a film of a material with a thickness of 5 to 28 microns then electrolytically coloring said anodically oxidized aluminum by passing an alternating current between said anodized aluminum and a counter-electrode in an aqueous bath containing acid and a metallic salt. The voltage can be modulated from outside the electrode system so as to apply a voltage with controlled asymmetry to the electrodes.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US92005778A | 1978-06-28 | 1978-06-28 | |
US92005378A | 1978-06-28 | 1978-06-28 | |
US920057 | 1978-06-28 | ||
US05/972,928 US4180443A (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1978-12-26 | Method for coloring aluminum |
US972928 | 1978-12-26 | ||
US22 | 1979-01-02 | ||
US06/000,022 US4179342A (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1979-01-02 | Coating system method for coloring aluminum |
US920053 | 1997-08-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0015279A1 true EP0015279A1 (en) | 1980-09-17 |
EP0015279A4 EP0015279A4 (en) | 1980-10-16 |
EP0015279B1 EP0015279B1 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=27484965
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79900757A Expired EP0015279B1 (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1980-02-01 | Coating system |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0015279B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55500501A (en) |
AR (1) | AR222177A1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE877340A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2965186D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK81680A (en) |
ES (1) | ES482021A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1125392B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7905049A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980000158A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012098060A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-26 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh | Exterior wall metal sheet made of aluminium having a high surface roughness |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4451335A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1984-05-29 | Woods Jack L | Method for producing full color images on aluminum |
ES2037578B1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-02-01 | Novamax Technologies Holding I | METHOD FOR OBTAINING, BY ELECTRONICALLY, ON ANODIZED ALUMINUM, A RANGE OF GRAY COLORS. |
JP4660760B2 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2011-03-30 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | Method for forming anodized film of aluminum and / or aluminum alloy and anodized film formed by the method |
CN111876812B (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2021-11-05 | 东莞市慧泽凌化工科技有限公司 | Nickel-free electrolytic coloring blackening additive and use method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1902983C3 (en) * | 1968-06-21 | 1978-06-22 | Keller, Eberhard, 7121 Freudental | Process for the electrolytic coloring of anodic oxide layers on aluminum or aluminum alloys |
US3524799A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1970-08-18 | Reynolds Metals Co | Anodizing aluminum |
NO120248B (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1970-09-21 | O Gedde | |
US3769180A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1973-10-30 | O Gedde | Process for electrolytically coloring previously anodized aluminum using alternating current |
JPS5249408B2 (en) * | 1972-11-21 | 1977-12-17 |
-
1979
- 1979-06-14 DE DE7979900757T patent/DE2965186D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-14 JP JP50109579A patent/JPS55500501A/ja active Pending
- 1979-06-14 WO PCT/US1979/000417 patent/WO1980000158A1/en unknown
- 1979-06-27 AR AR277079A patent/AR222177A1/en active
- 1979-06-28 ES ES482021A patent/ES482021A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-28 NL NL7905049A patent/NL7905049A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-28 BE BE0/196018A patent/BE877340A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-06-28 IT IT23954/79A patent/IT1125392B/en active
-
1980
- 1980-02-01 EP EP79900757A patent/EP0015279B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-26 DK DK81680A patent/DK81680A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8000158A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012098060A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-26 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh | Exterior wall metal sheet made of aluminium having a high surface roughness |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0015279A4 (en) | 1980-10-16 |
DE2965186D1 (en) | 1983-05-19 |
NL7905049A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
WO1980000158A1 (en) | 1980-02-07 |
ES482021A1 (en) | 1980-02-16 |
JPS55500501A (en) | 1980-08-07 |
EP0015279B1 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
BE877340A (en) | 1979-10-15 |
IT1125392B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
IT7923954A0 (en) | 1979-06-28 |
DK81680A (en) | 1980-02-26 |
AR222177A1 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
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