EP0015037A1 - Appareil pour la gaséification de poudre à charbon - Google Patents

Appareil pour la gaséification de poudre à charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015037A1
EP0015037A1 EP80200134A EP80200134A EP0015037A1 EP 0015037 A1 EP0015037 A1 EP 0015037A1 EP 80200134 A EP80200134 A EP 80200134A EP 80200134 A EP80200134 A EP 80200134A EP 0015037 A1 EP0015037 A1 EP 0015037A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
casing
pump
powder
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80200134A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0015037B1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Viktor Vogt
Maarten Johannes Van Der Burgt
Jacob Hendrik Stil
Robert Wisman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0015037A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015037A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0015037B1 publication Critical patent/EP0015037B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D23/00—Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps
    • F04D23/001—Pumps adapted for conveying materials or for handling specific elastic fluids
    • F04D23/003—Pumps adapted for conveying materials or for handling specific elastic fluids of radial-flow type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal pump for the introduction of powder into a pressurized space, comprising an inlet and a rotor, the inlet leading to the centre of the rotor and the rotor having one or more essentially radial passages normal to the axis of rotation which passages communicate with the said inlet and are open at their outward extremity.
  • Such pumps are known from the U.S. patent specifications Nos. 2,822,097; 3,182,825; 4,049,133 and 4,120,410 and act as ejecting centrifugal pump, i.e. the powder is ejected by the rotor at high velocity into a large vessel, in which vessel the velocity of the particles is reduced to zero.
  • These pumps are used, for example, to introduce pulverulent solid fuel into a pressurized vessel, such as coal powder which is passed via a vessel to a reactor for the partial combustion of coal which reactor is connected to the vessel.
  • the pressure in the vessel is usually at least 10 atm. and the pump serves to introduce the coal powder which is at atmospheric pressure into the vessel against the pressure difference.
  • the velocity at which the particles leave the rotor is high, in the order of 100 m/sec. in a tangential direction and 10 m/sec. in a radial direction.
  • the present invention envisages the removal of these disadvantages and to this end proposes surrounding the rotor by a casing of which the radial distance to the rotor increases in the direction of rotation to a point at which the casing leads away from the rotor in a tangential direction.
  • the resultant space between the rotor and the casing ensures optimum retention of momentum of the medium ultimately leaving the pump, i.e., the powder particles optimally retain the initial tangential velocity component in the said space and also the gas entrained by the particles optimally assumes this velocity.
  • both sides of the casing may border the lateral faces of the rotor at which locations some clearance may be left between casing and rotor and/or a seal may be provided between casing and rotor.
  • gas inlets are preferably present in the casing which issue into the clearance between the casing and the lateral faces of the rotor. This has the advantage that the powder which finds its way into these spaces is blown back into the space of the casing situated radially outside the rotor.
  • the casing is advantageously provided with one or more gas inlets tangentially issuing into the space around the rotor.
  • the gas which may be injected or drawn in through these gas inlets is then accelerated by the powder particles. It will be evident that providing these gas inlets in the pump will augment the controllability of the powder flow since there will be a degree of freedom in respect of the quantity of gas supplied and of the initial pressure and velocity of this gas.
  • Centrifugal pumps of the type according to the invention are very suitable for the supply of pulverulent solid fuel to a reactor for the partial combustion of this powder at elevated pressure, either by having the pump directly connected to a burner debouching into the reactor or by having the pump introduce the powder into a high pressure-operated fluidization vessel from which the fluidized powder is supplied to the burner.
  • casing may also consist of more than two identical parts.
  • An advantage of directly connecting the burner(s) to the pump resides in the fact that the velocity of the powder particles is not reduced to zero on their way from the pump to the reactor (as was the case in the above-mentioned state of the art), so that the powder particles need not be accelerated again.
  • the part or each part of the casing leading tangentially away from the rotor is preferably designed as a diffuser.
  • the space in the pump between casing and rotor may have any suitable cross-section, for example a rectangular or more rounded profile. It will be clear that the part of the casing which leads tangentially away from the rotor will have a cross-sectional shape which will gradually change from that of the said space into a circular shape (if the cross-section of the said space is not also circular). If a diffuser is used, it may provide the gradual change.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the partial combustion.
  • c pulverulent solid fuel at elevated pressure, in which method the powder is passed either directly or via an intermediate vessel to the reactor for partial combustion through a centrifugal pump according to the invention.
  • the exclusive right also pertains to an apparatus for the partial combustion of pulverulent solid fuel at elevated pressure, comprising a reactor into which one or more burners debouch, the burner(s) being connected either directly or via an intermediate vessel to a pump according to the invention.
  • the centrifugal pump depicted in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a flat snail-shell shaped casing 1 on a pedestal 2 and provided with a diffuser-shaped discharge 3, a central inlet 4 and a central bearing housing 5.
  • a flat, disc- shaped rotor 6 is present, the rotation shaft 7 of which coincides with the axis of the inlet 4 and with the axis of the bearing housing 5.
  • Three radial passages 10 connect the centre 8 with the circumference 9 of the rotor, which passages, in the centre 8, communicate with an axial bore 11 which extends from the centre to the left-hand lateral face 12 of the rotor and communicates with the inlet 4 of the casing 1.
  • a central drive shaft 14 which passes through the bearing housing 5 and Which is provided with a drive 15.
  • the lateral faces 12 and 13 of the rotor 6 run clear of the inner wall of the casing 1, since both faces are provided at 16 and 17 with a shoulder.
  • the disc 6 is rotatably mounted on bearings in the casing 1 (in a manner not shown in the drawing) and these bearings are sealed against coal powder.
  • the gaps 18 between the lateral faces 12 and 13 of the rotor and the casing are sealed against the powder to be transported which may find its way into the gaps from the space 3, by gas supplied through the inlet openings 19.
  • the inlet 4 of the casing is provided with a funnel-shaped connection 20 which may be connected to a bunker with powder by means of a flange 21.
  • a worm screw 22 with drive 23 is arranged in the tubular inlet 4.
  • the powder is passed through the tube 4 via the funnel 20 by means of the rotating screw 22. Together with the powder an inert gas, such as cold recirculated product gas from the partial combustion of the coal powder, is supplied from the space (not shown) connected to the funnel 20.
  • an inert gas such as cold recirculated product gas from the partial combustion of the coal powder
  • the powder and the entrained gas thus find their way into the centre 8 of the rotor 6 via the passage 11.
  • the particles and the entrained gas are forced from the centre 8 to the open extremities 24 of the radial passages 10 under the influence of the centrifugal force, from which extremities the particles leave the rotor at high velocity.
  • the tangential velocity of the particles upon leaving the rotor is more than 20 m/sec., and is mostly in the order of 100 m/sec.
  • the space 25 between the rotor 6 and the casing 1 is formed in such a way that, starting from the highest point 26 in the direction of rotation 27, the radial distance 28 between the circumference 9 of the rotor 6 and the inner side of the wall 29 of the casing increases gradually to the point (in this case the same point 26) at which the space leads tangentially away from the rotor, i.e. the line I-I in Fig. 2 where the diffuser 3 begins.
  • Each of the passages 1C in the rotor 6 will at any point during the rotation of the rotor eject powder into the space 25 in an essentially tangential direction so that the initial flow of powder which is entrained from point 26 in the direction 27 of the rotor 6 gradually increases in volume. Little velocity is lost by the powder on its way throngh the space 25.
  • the cross-section of the diffuser is at thai point essentially rectangular (see Fig. 1), whereas at the end of the diffuser (at the level of the flange 30) the cross-section is larger and circular.
  • This transition and'the flange 30 serve to connect the pump as apparatus for the supply of powder.
  • the velocity of the particles decreases and the pressure of the gas entrained with the particles increases.
  • Fig. 3 is a very diagrammatic representation of a cross-section, comparable with Fig. 2, of a double-acting pump according to the invention.
  • the rotor 31 again comprises a disc which is rotatably mounted on bearings around a shaft in a casing.
  • the casing comprises two walls 32 and 33 which are complementary and each surround the rotor 31 for 180°.
  • the rotor 31 and the wall 32 enclose a space 34 which diverges in the direction of rotation 35 and which at 36 joints with a diffuser 37
  • the rotor 31 and wall 33 enclose a space 38 which diverges in the direction of rotation 35 and which at 39 joints with a diffuser 40. Seen along the circumference of the rotor, the space 34 begins where the space 38 ends and vice versa.
  • the rotor 31 has a central powder inlet 41 and two radial passages 42 and 43 which in turn eject powder (and gas) into the space 34 and 38, respectively, during rotation of the rotor.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a single-acting pump of which the rotor 44 has four radial passages 45 and of which the casing 46 is provided with a number of gas-supply nozzles 48 which tangentially issue into the space 47 between casing and rotor.
  • the gas introduced into the space 47 through these nozzles 48 is accelerated in said space under the influence of the powder which is ejected into the space 47 by the rotor 44.
  • the gas may be drawn in by the space 47 or be injected into it at the required initial velocity.
  • influence may be exerted on the pressure and/or the velocity of the gas/powder mixture leaving the diffuser 49.
  • the quantity of gas and/or the velocity of the gas may be adapted to the rotational velocity of the rotor 44.
  • the shape of the rotor may, for example, consist of two discs between which the radial passage comprises a single slot
  • the rotor may, for example, consist of two discs between which the radial passage comprises a single slot
  • the feed and drive of the pump shown may, of course, also be effected in a different manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
EP80200134A 1979-02-23 1980-02-15 Appareil pour la gaséification de poudre à charbon Expired EP0015037B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7901452 1979-02-23
NL7901452A NL7901452A (nl) 1979-02-23 1979-02-23 Centrifugaalpomp voor koolpoeder alsmede werkwijze en inrichting voor de vergassing van koolpoeder.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015037A1 true EP0015037A1 (fr) 1980-09-03
EP0015037B1 EP0015037B1 (fr) 1983-10-19

Family

ID=19832684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80200134A Expired EP0015037B1 (fr) 1979-02-23 1980-02-15 Appareil pour la gaséification de poudre à charbon

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0015037B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS55117093A (fr)
AU (1) AU538472B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1150570A (fr)
DE (1) DE3065339D1 (fr)
IN (1) IN152641B (fr)
NL (1) NL7901452A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA801001B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002134A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-23 Lockheed Missiles Space Pompe centrifuge a haute pression a etage unique pour le transport de boue
FR2713720A1 (fr) * 1993-12-14 1995-06-16 Unir Rotor, pompe à air centrifuge et dispositif de contrôle de l'air ainsi équipés.
US8061509B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2011-11-22 Shell Oil Company Bulk materials pump and its use
US8182561B2 (en) 2008-01-16 2012-05-22 Shell Oil Company Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor
WO2011133321A3 (fr) * 2010-04-19 2012-10-26 General Electric Company Appareil de guidage d'aliments solides pour pompe à aliments solides

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0434491U (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-03-23

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR499422A (fr) * 1918-02-14 1920-02-11 John E Greenawalt Perfectionnements aux compresseurs, ventilateurs, machines soufflantes, pompes centrifuges et analogues
FR522769A (fr) * 1920-08-21 1921-08-06 Etienne Joseph Louis Delsol Perfectionnement aux ventilateurs et compresseurs centrifuges
GB212888A (en) * 1923-03-15 1925-05-25 Int Comb Eng Corp Improvements in or relating to pulverisers
US2008446A (en) * 1935-01-09 1935-07-16 Gaskoal Corp Apparatus for feeding powdered fuel
US2341871A (en) * 1939-07-29 1944-02-15 Oerlikon Maschf Centrifugal blower with spiral casing
US2385508A (en) * 1943-10-23 1945-09-25 Blaw Knox Co Combustion of coal
CH286975A (de) * 1951-05-01 1952-11-15 Karrer Josef Fliehkraftgebläse, insbesondere Ventilator mit Spiralgehäuse.
US3181471A (en) * 1961-06-23 1965-05-04 Babcock & Wilcox Co Centrifugal pump construction
FR1402582A (fr) * 1964-07-29 1965-06-11 Soufflante pour le transport de matériaux
DE1428081A1 (de) * 1964-03-18 1968-11-21 Daimler Benz Ag Schleudergeblaese,insbesondere zum Aufladen von Brennkraftmaschinen
US3746465A (en) * 1971-08-11 1973-07-17 Lummus Industries Centrifugal fan for handling material
CH559084A5 (fr) * 1973-11-22 1975-02-28 Fischer Ag Georg

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2707266A1 (de) * 1977-02-19 1978-08-24 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Verfahren zur vergasung von feinkoernigen bis staubfoermigen brennstoffen

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR499422A (fr) * 1918-02-14 1920-02-11 John E Greenawalt Perfectionnements aux compresseurs, ventilateurs, machines soufflantes, pompes centrifuges et analogues
FR522769A (fr) * 1920-08-21 1921-08-06 Etienne Joseph Louis Delsol Perfectionnement aux ventilateurs et compresseurs centrifuges
GB212888A (en) * 1923-03-15 1925-05-25 Int Comb Eng Corp Improvements in or relating to pulverisers
US2008446A (en) * 1935-01-09 1935-07-16 Gaskoal Corp Apparatus for feeding powdered fuel
US2341871A (en) * 1939-07-29 1944-02-15 Oerlikon Maschf Centrifugal blower with spiral casing
US2385508A (en) * 1943-10-23 1945-09-25 Blaw Knox Co Combustion of coal
CH286975A (de) * 1951-05-01 1952-11-15 Karrer Josef Fliehkraftgebläse, insbesondere Ventilator mit Spiralgehäuse.
US3181471A (en) * 1961-06-23 1965-05-04 Babcock & Wilcox Co Centrifugal pump construction
DE1428081A1 (de) * 1964-03-18 1968-11-21 Daimler Benz Ag Schleudergeblaese,insbesondere zum Aufladen von Brennkraftmaschinen
FR1402582A (fr) * 1964-07-29 1965-06-11 Soufflante pour le transport de matériaux
US3746465A (en) * 1971-08-11 1973-07-17 Lummus Industries Centrifugal fan for handling material
CH559084A5 (fr) * 1973-11-22 1975-02-28 Fischer Ag Georg

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002134A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-23 Lockheed Missiles Space Pompe centrifuge a haute pression a etage unique pour le transport de boue
FR2713720A1 (fr) * 1993-12-14 1995-06-16 Unir Rotor, pompe à air centrifuge et dispositif de contrôle de l'air ainsi équipés.
US8061509B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2011-11-22 Shell Oil Company Bulk materials pump and its use
US8182561B2 (en) 2008-01-16 2012-05-22 Shell Oil Company Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor
US9149779B2 (en) 2008-01-16 2015-10-06 Shell Oil Company Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor
WO2011133321A3 (fr) * 2010-04-19 2012-10-26 General Electric Company Appareil de guidage d'aliments solides pour pompe à aliments solides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1150570A (fr) 1983-07-26
JPS55117093A (en) 1980-09-09
AU538472B2 (en) 1984-08-16
ZA801001B (en) 1981-03-25
IN152641B (fr) 1984-02-25
EP0015037B1 (fr) 1983-10-19
NL7901452A (nl) 1980-08-26
DE3065339D1 (en) 1983-11-24
JPH0116353B2 (fr) 1989-03-23
AU5577180A (en) 1980-08-28

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