EP0014418B1 - Coil for an air-cooled dry-type transformer - Google Patents

Coil for an air-cooled dry-type transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014418B1
EP0014418B1 EP80100436A EP80100436A EP0014418B1 EP 0014418 B1 EP0014418 B1 EP 0014418B1 EP 80100436 A EP80100436 A EP 80100436A EP 80100436 A EP80100436 A EP 80100436A EP 0014418 B1 EP0014418 B1 EP 0014418B1
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Prior art keywords
winding
layer
sections
axial length
layers
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EP80100436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0014418B2 (en
EP0014418A1 (en
Inventor
Gerrit Bijlsma
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Holec Systemen en Componenten BV
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Smit Transformatoren BV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/322Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof the insulation forming channels for circulation of the fluid

Definitions

  • the figure also shows that the voltage difference between the winding layers on the side facing away from the electrical connection can assume considerable values.
  • the transformer manufacturer is aware that due to the electrical stress, a sufficient safety distance must be maintained between the windings to be insulated from one another in adjacent winding layers.
  • the originally high insulation values decrease with advancing age of the transformer, which can be caused in part by contamination, material fatigue or change or crack formation. In particular, the formation of leakage current paths can be observed.
  • the transformer designer When designing the construction, the transformer designer will keep in mind that very high-quality, high-purity insulating material that is used for the spacer elements is generally very aging-resistant. However, this material is often very expensive and is preferably replaced by less material, which, however, has less high dielectric strength and aging resistance. On the other hand, the air that is present in the cooling channels must also be considered as an insulating material.
  • the present application has the task of obtaining aging-resistant insulation, especially in the area of high voltage differences, preferably within high-voltage windings.
  • aging-resistant insulation especially in the area of high voltage differences, preferably within high-voltage windings.
  • dust deposits and similar sources of contamination under the influence of moisture lead to leakage current paths.
  • the amount of material for the spacers should be kept as low as possible. It should still be possible to maintain the clear width of the cooling channels within the winding and not to complicate the construction of the coils.
  • This object is achieved in a winding for an air-cooled dry transformer or a choke coil of the type mentioned in that two axially successive spacing elements are arranged in the area of the electrical connections between the winding layers of the winding sections, distributed over the circumference in the cooling channels in the axial direction, the The length of the spacer elements is approximately 0.1 to 0.3, preferably somewhat longer than 0.25, the axis length, and that a peripheral air duct is embedded on the half-axis length between the winding sections.
  • the individual current conductors preferably consist of a monofilament wire; however, it is also possible to wind several wires together at the same time if higher performance is desired.
  • a layer winding is known from DE-AS 1242748, in which support strips are used which are shortened in relation to the layer length. However, these support strips are used in connection with windings which give channels for a forced flow in which the winding layers do not correspond to those in the configuration of the application.
  • the following winding layers 2, 3, ... are characterized by the fact that they consist of two sections 10, 11 of substantially the same length, divided on half the length of the axis, which alternate in the axis end or middle area with the one above and below Winding layer are electrically connected via connecting wires 12, 13. This results in an upper and a lower, essentially mirror-symmetrical partial winding (see reference numbers 10 ', 11').
  • Each of the partial windings has an external connection 14 and 15, respectively.
  • the two partial windings 10 ', 11' are only electrically connected to one another via the innermost layer of turns.
  • Spacer elements 6, 7 are located between the individual winding layers 1, 2, 3, ..., which mechanically span cooling channels 18 between the winding layers and must also withstand the dielectric load.
  • the winding arrangement consists of an inner jacket 21 with the first winding layer 1 lying thereon, which consists of wires lying next to one another, preferably of insulated copper or aluminum wire.
  • a glass fiber jacket 23 is applied to the first winding layer in the wet winding process. These are glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin, which after curing result in a mechanically very strong cylinder.
  • spacer elements 6 are distributed over the circumference and a further cladding layer 25 made of impregnated, non-conductive glass fibers is applied. The spacer elements 6 are defined.
  • a cooling channel 18 between the winding layers is also created.
  • the next winding layer 27 is then wound up. This is followed by another intermediate layer made of non-conductive, hardening material.
  • the further stratification then follows this scheme.
  • the end forms a jacket 32 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the inner layer 1 consists of wire wound close to one another, the layer extending continuously over the entire length of the axis.
  • spacer elements 6 are introduced, the length of which is preferably somewhat more than a quarter of that Axis length of the winding arrangement is.
  • the inserted spacer elements overlap somewhat. Shorter spacer elements can also be used.
  • the subsequent winding layer 2 consists of two sections 10, 11 of substantially the same length, divided over half the length of the axis, which are electrically connected to one another in the axis end region with the winding layer 1 underneath via the connecting wires 12, 13.
  • the sections 10 and 11 are then wound up to about the middle, whereby they approach each other mirror-symmetrically, but leave an air gap 20 approximately in the central region of the winding layer arrangement. There they are electrically connected to the winding layer above them via the wires 29, 30.
  • the two sections belonging to the third winding layer are then wound. These end in the lower section of the winding in an external connection 14.
  • a plurality of taps are provided, so that in addition to the outermost connection 15 there are further tapping points 15 'which, as is known per se from transformer technology, enable tapping to compensate for voltage.
  • the air gap 20 is guided to the outside; the outer jacket is therefore not closed. This arrangement further improves insulation and cooling and prevents leakage current.
  • the spacing elements 6 and 7 do not occupy the entire axis length, but only about a quarter of the axis length on each side.
  • the length of the spacer elements is determined by the mechanical forces on the winding layers; in the range 1/5 ... 3/5 of the length half portion.
  • the air gap ensures that the winding layers lying one above the other are cleanly electrically separated from one another, that is to say they have no leakage current paths. Furthermore, the air gap 20 in the middle enables the electrical isolation between the two winding sections 10 ', 11'.
  • the clear width of the cooling channels can be optimally designed and thereby improve the cooling performance without having to accept significant disadvantages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

1. A winding for an air-cooled transformer or reactor comprising at least two winding layers and having the following structure : the innermost winding layer (1) extends continuously across the full axial length of the winding ; the winding layers (2, 3 ...) joining said innermost winding layer in radial outward direction are formed of a pair of essentially equally long sections (10, 11) which are divided in a position equal to about one-half of the axial length, said section alternatingly electrically connected or coupled to the overlying and underlying winding layer or winding sections, respectively, in their axial end and central regions ; the winding layer (s) is (are) isolated from the other concentrically positioned winding layer (s) by hollow spaces froming cooling channels (18) ; bar-shaped spacers (6, 7) are disposed in said hollow spaces so as to extend in axial direction, characterized in that distributed with a spacing around the circumference in said cooling channels (18) and extending in the axial direction, a pair of axially aligned spacer element (6, 7) are each positioned in the region of the electrical connections between the winding layers of said winding sections (10, 11), with the length of each spacer element being about 0,1 to 0,3, preferably slightly more than 0,25, of the axial length ; and that a peripheral outwardly open air channel (20) is interposed between said winding sections in a position corresponding to about one-half of the axial length.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wicklung für einen luftgekühlten Trockentransformator oder eine Drosselspule mit wenigstens zwei Wicklungslagen und folgendem Aufbau:

  • - Die innerste Wicklungslage liegt auf der gesamten Wicklungsachsenlänge durchgehend,
  • - die nach außen folgenden Wicklungslagen bestehen aus zwei im wesentlichen gleich langen, auf etwa halber Achsenlänge geteilten Abschnitten, die abwechselnd im Achsenend- bzw. Mittelbereich mit der darüber-und darunterliegenden Wicklungslage bzw. Wicklungsabschnitten elektrisch verbunden sind,
  • - die Wicklungslage(n) sind von den oder der anderen konzentrisch liegenden Wicklungslage(n) durch Hohlräume, die Kühlkanäle bilden, getrennt,
  • - in den Hohlräumen liegen in Achsenrichtung stabförmige Abstandselemente.
The invention relates to a winding for an air-cooled dry transformer or a choke coil with at least two winding layers and the following structure:
  • - The innermost winding layer is continuous over the entire length of the winding axis,
  • the winding layers following outwards consist of two sections of essentially the same length, divided on approximately half the length of the axis, which are alternately electrically connected in the axis end or middle region to the winding layer or winding sections above and below,
  • the winding layer (s) are separated from the other concentrically lying winding layer (s) by cavities which form cooling channels,
  • - In the cavities are rod-shaped spacer elements in the axial direction.

Es ist bekannt. bei sog. Trockentransformatoren oder ähnlich aufgebauten Drosselspulen mit Luftkühlungskanälen den Aufbau der Windungen zu einer Wicklung so vorzunehmen, daß zunächst eine innerste Wicklungslage aufgelegt wird, die auf der gesamten Wicklungsachsenlänge durchgehend ist. Am Achsenende der Spule angekommen, wird nach Auflegen der Abstandselemente für die Kühlkanäle die nächste Lage in entgegengesetzter Richtung auf der gesamten Achsenlänge aufgelegt. Dieser Vorgang bei abwechselnder Richtungsänderung wiederholt sich über die Anzahl der bei der Wicklung vorhandenen Lagen. Dieses bekannte Verfahren ist auf der linken Seite der Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt. Die mit den Zahlen 1, 2, 3, 4 bezeichneten Wicklungslagen sind dabei jeweils wechselseitig verbunden und durch Kühlkanäle bzw. Abstandselemente getrennt. Aus der Figur geht ferner hervor, daß der Spannungsunterschied zwischen den Wicklungslagen auf der der elektrischen Verbindung abgewandten Seite beträchtliche Werte annehmen kann. Dem Transformatorenbauer ist bekannt, daß aufgrund der elektrischen Beanspruchung ein ausreichender Sicherheitsabstand zwischen den voneinander zu isolierenden Windungen in benachbarten Wicklungslagen eingehalten werden muß. Weiterhin ist zu beobachten, daß mit fortschreitendem Alter des Transformators die ursprünglich hohen lsolationswerte abfallen, was teilweise durch Verschmutzung, Materialermüdung oder -veränderung oder Rißbildung verursacht werden kann. Insbesondere ist die Entstehung von Kriechstromwegen zu beobachten.It is known. In the case of so-called dry transformers or similarly constructed choke coils with air cooling channels, the windings are built up to form a winding in such a way that an innermost winding layer is first laid on which is continuous over the entire length of the winding axis. Arrived at the axis end of the coil, after placing the spacer elements for the cooling channels, the next layer is placed in the opposite direction along the entire axis length. This process with alternating changes in direction is repeated over the number of layers present in the winding. This known method is shown schematically on the left side of FIG. 1. The winding layers denoted by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 are mutually connected and separated by cooling channels or spacing elements. The figure also shows that the voltage difference between the winding layers on the side facing away from the electrical connection can assume considerable values. The transformer manufacturer is aware that due to the electrical stress, a sufficient safety distance must be maintained between the windings to be insulated from one another in adjacent winding layers. Furthermore, it can be observed that the originally high insulation values decrease with advancing age of the transformer, which can be caused in part by contamination, material fatigue or change or crack formation. In particular, the formation of leakage current paths can be observed.

Bei der konstruktiven Gestaltung wird der Transformatorenkonstrukteur im Auge behalten, daß sehr hochwertiges, hochreines Isoliermaterial, das für die Abstandselemente verwendet wird, im allgemeinen sehr alterungsbeständig ist. Dieses Material ist jedoch oft sehr kostspielig und wird vorzugsweise durch minderes Material ersetzt, das jedoch weniger hohe Durchschlagsfestigkeit und Alterungsbeständigkeit besitzt. Auf der anderen Seite ist auch die Luft als Isoliermaterial zu berücksichtigen, die in den Kühlkanälen vorhanden ist.When designing the construction, the transformer designer will keep in mind that very high-quality, high-purity insulating material that is used for the spacer elements is generally very aging-resistant. However, this material is often very expensive and is preferably replaced by less material, which, however, has less high dielectric strength and aging resistance. On the other hand, the air that is present in the cooling channels must also be considered as an insulating material.

Es ist bei der eingangs genannten Wicklungsart bekannt (US-PS 2 987 684), bei den Wicklungslagen die innerste auf der gesamten Wicklungsachsenlänge durchgehend und die nach außen folgenden in zwei im wesentlichen gleich langen, auf etwa halber Achsenlänge geteilten Abschnitten zu legen, die abwechselnd in Achsenend- bzw. Mittelbereich mit der darüber- und darunterliegenden Wicklungslage bzw. Wicklungsabschnitten elektrisch verbunden sind (vgl. Fig. 3 der genannten US-PS). Da gemäß Aufgabenstellung der US-PS 2 987 684 lediglich der Abstand zwischen Hoch- und Niederspannungswicklung so weit wie möglich zu reduzieren ist, wird an den Abstandselementen innerhalb der Hochspannungswicklung im wesentlichen nichts geändert; diese werden vielmehr über die gesamte Wicklungslagenlänge stabförmig angeordnet.It is known for the type of winding mentioned at the outset (US Pat. No. 2,987,684) to lay the innermost in the winding layers continuously over the entire length of the winding axis and to lay the outermost ones in two sections of essentially the same length, divided by approximately half the length of the axis, which alternate are electrically connected in the axis end or middle region to the winding layer or winding sections lying above and below it (cf. FIG. 3 of the US patent mentioned). Since according to the task of US Pat. No. 2,987,684, only the distance between the high and low voltage windings is to be reduced as much as possible, essentially nothing is changed in the spacer elements within the high voltage windings; rather, they are arranged in the form of bars over the entire length of the winding layer.

Für die vorliegende Anmeldung stellt sich demgegenüber die Aufgabe, gerade im Bereiche hoher Spannungsunterschiede, vorzugsweise innerhalb von Hochspannungswicklungen, eine alterungsbeständige Isolierung zu erhalten. Im Bereiche der Kanten der Abstandselemente bilden sich durch Staubablagerung und ähnliche Verschmutzungsquellen unter Einfluß der Feuchtigkeit Kriechstromwege. Daneben soll die Materialmenge für die Abstandshalter möglichst gering gehalten werden. Dabei soll es trotzdem möglich sein, die lichte Weite der Kühlkanäle innerhalb der Wicklung zu erhalten und den Aufbau der Spulen nicht zu erschweren.In contrast, the present application has the task of obtaining aging-resistant insulation, especially in the area of high voltage differences, preferably within high-voltage windings. In the area of the edges of the spacer elements, dust deposits and similar sources of contamination under the influence of moisture lead to leakage current paths. In addition, the amount of material for the spacers should be kept as low as possible. It should still be possible to maintain the clear width of the cooling channels within the winding and not to complicate the construction of the coils.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Wicklung für einen luftgekühlten Trockentransformator oder eine Drosselspule der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß verteilt über den Umfang in den Kühlkanälen in Achsenrichtung jeweils zwei axial hintereinanderliegende Abstandselemente im Bereich der elektrischen Verbindungen zwischen den Wicklungslagen der Wicklungsabschnitte angeordnet sind, wobei die Länge der Abstandselemente etwa 0,1 bis 0,3, vorzugsweise etwas länger als 0,25, der Achsenlänge beträgt, und daß auf halber Achsenlänge zwischen den Wicklungsabschnitten ein peripherer Luftkanal eingelassen ist.This object is achieved in a winding for an air-cooled dry transformer or a choke coil of the type mentioned in that two axially successive spacing elements are arranged in the area of the electrical connections between the winding layers of the winding sections, distributed over the circumference in the cooling channels in the axial direction, the The length of the spacer elements is approximately 0.1 to 0.3, preferably somewhat longer than 0.25, the axis length, and that a peripheral air duct is embedded on the half-axis length between the winding sections.

Die einzelnen Stromleiter bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem monofilen Draht; es ist jedoch auch möglich, mehrere Drähte gemeinsam gleichzeitig zu wickeln, wenn höhere Leistungen angestrebt werden.The individual current conductors preferably consist of a monofilament wire; however, it is also possible to wind several wires together at the same time if higher performance is desired.

Wie eine Betrachtung der rechten Seite der Fig. 1 zeigt, ergeben sich an den elektrisch meistbelasteten Stellen kleinere Spannungsunterschiede, insbesondere wenn übereinanderliegende Lagen betrachtet werden. Diese Spannungsunterschiede können durch Luftisolation ausreichend getrennt werden. Für die Festlegung der Lagen sind dann zwar noch Abstandselemente erforderlich, um die mechanische Festigkeit zu erhöhen; diese Abstandselemente brauchen jedoch nicht auf der gesamten Länge der Teilwicklung angeordnet zu sein, da diese aufgrund der üblichen Verfestigung der Wicklungslagen, z. B. mit Gießharz, eine höhere Steifigkeit aufweisen. Daneben ergibt sich vorteilhaft ein peripherer Luftkanal, der für eine zuverlässige galvanische Trennung der nebeneinanderliegenden Wicklungslagen sorgt und gleichzeitig die Kühlleistung erhöht.Like looking at the right side of the Fig. 1 shows, there are smaller voltage differences at the most electrically stressed points, especially when layers lying one above the other are considered. These voltage differences can be adequately separated by air insulation. Spacers are then still required to determine the positions in order to increase the mechanical strength; However, these spacers do not need to be arranged over the entire length of the partial winding, since these are due to the usual consolidation of the winding layers, for. B. with cast resin, have a higher rigidity. In addition, there is advantageously a peripheral air duct which ensures reliable electrical isolation of the winding layers lying next to one another and at the same time increases the cooling capacity.

Zwar ist aus der DE-AS 1242748 eine Lagenwicklung bekannt, bei der Abstützleisten verwendet werden, die gegenüber der Lagenlänge gekürzt sind. Allerdings sind diese Abstützleisten in Zusammenhang mit Wicklungen verwendet, die Kanäle für eine Zwangsströmung ergeben, bei denen die Wicklungslagen nicht denjenigen der Konfiguration der Anmeldung entsprechen.A layer winding is known from DE-AS 1242748, in which support strips are used which are shortened in relation to the layer length. However, these support strips are used in connection with windings which give channels for a forced flow in which the winding layers do not correspond to those in the configuration of the application.

Schließlich ist aus der DE-AS 1 039 637 bekannt, eine gegenüber der Lagenlänge gekürzte Festisolation zu verwenden. Bei der letztgenannten, bekannten Lagenwicklung werden die Lagen von einem Kühlmittel umspült. Zwischen den einzelnen Lagen ist eine feste Isolation nur auf der Seite nicht elektrisch miteinander verbundener benachbarter Lagenenden angebracht, während auf der Seite miteinander verbundener benachbarter Lagenenden zwischen den Lagen Zwischenräume vorgesehen sind, durch die das zugleich als Isolation dienende Kühlmittel strömen kann. Diese Anordnung dient also dazu, Strömungskanäle zu schaffen. Es sind daher auch keine stabförmigen Abstandselemente vorgesehen. Die Wicklungsanordnung liegt ebenfalls anders als bei dem Anmeldungsgegenstand, auf die sie daher nicht übertragen werden kann.Finally, it is known from DE-AS 1 039 637 to use a solid insulation that is shorter than the layer length. In the latter, known layer winding, a coolant flows around the layers. Fixed insulation is provided between the individual layers only on the side of adjacent layer ends which are not electrically connected, while on the side of adjacent layer ends which are connected to one another there are spaces between the layers through which the coolant, which also serves as insulation, can flow. This arrangement therefore serves to create flow channels. Therefore, no rod-shaped spacer elements are provided. The winding arrangement is also different from the subject of the application, to which it can therefore not be transferred.

Zur Erläuterung der Erfindung werden Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung im einzelnen beschrieben. Die Figuren zeigen

  • Fig. 1 in schematischer Gegenüberstellung Wicklungen gemäß Stand der Technik und gemäß vorliegender Erfindung mit jeweils gleicher Anzahl von Lagen,
  • Fig. 2 eine Spule mit erfindungsgemäßer Wicklung im Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 3 den oberen Teil einer derartigen Spule im Längsschnitt.
To explain the invention, exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawing. The figures show
  • 1 shows a schematic comparison of windings according to the prior art and according to the present invention, each with the same number of layers,
  • 2 shows a coil with winding according to the invention in cross section,
  • Fig. 3 shows the upper part of such a coil in longitudinal section.

In der Beschreibungseinleitung war bereits auf den Stand der Technik, wie er aus der linken Spalte der Fig. 1 hervorgeht, eingegangen. Bei den Spulenanordnungen gemäß Erfindung, wie sie in der rechten Spalte der Fig. 1 gezeichnet sind, liegt jeweils der Kern in der Mitte. Die Figuren sind als Schemata zu betrachten. Es ist möglich, daß zwischen der beschriebenen Wicklung und dem Kern eine weitere Wicklung angeordnet ist, z. B. wie es bei einer Anordnung Kern - Unterspannungswicklung - Oberspannungswicklung üblich ist.In the introduction to the description, the state of the art, as can be seen from the left column of FIG. 1, was already discussed. In the coil arrangements according to the invention, as shown in the right column of FIG. 1, the core lies in the middle. The figures are to be seen as diagrams. It is possible that a further winding is arranged between the winding described and the core, for. B. as is usual with an arrangement core - low voltage winding - high voltage winding.

Die innerste, in der Figur kernnächste Wicklungslage 1 liegt dabei auf der gesamten Wicklungsachsenlänge durchgehend. Diese Gestaltung ist bei allen Beispielen die gleiche. Die nach außen folgenden Wicklungslagen 2, 3, ... zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie aus zwei im wesentlichen gleich langen, auf halber Achsenlänge geteilten Abschnitten 10, 11 bestehen, die abwechselnd im Achsenend- bzw. Mittelbereich mit der darüber- und darunterliegenden Wicklungslage über Verbindungsdrähte 12, 13 elektrisch verbunden sind. Dabei ergeben sich je eine obere und eine untere, im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrische Teilwicklung (vgl. Bezugszahlen 10', 11'). Jeder der Teilwicklungen verfügt über einen Außenanschluß 14 bzw. 15. Innerhalb der Wicklung sind die beiden Teilwicklungen 10', 11' elektrisch nur über die innerste Windungslage miteinander verbunden.The innermost winding layer 1, which is closest to the core in the figure, is continuous over the entire length of the winding axis. This design is the same in all examples. The following winding layers 2, 3, ... are characterized by the fact that they consist of two sections 10, 11 of substantially the same length, divided on half the length of the axis, which alternate in the axis end or middle area with the one above and below Winding layer are electrically connected via connecting wires 12, 13. This results in an upper and a lower, essentially mirror-symmetrical partial winding (see reference numbers 10 ', 11'). Each of the partial windings has an external connection 14 and 15, respectively. Within the winding, the two partial windings 10 ', 11' are only electrically connected to one another via the innermost layer of turns.

Zwischen den einzelnen Wicklungslagen 1,2,3 3 ... liegen Abstandselemente 6, 7, die damit zwischen den Wicklungslagen Kühlkanäle 18 mechanisch aufspannen und auch die dielektrische Belastung aushalten müssen.Spacer elements 6, 7 are located between the individual winding layers 1, 2, 3, ..., which mechanically span cooling channels 18 between the winding layers and must also withstand the dielectric load.

Geht man von der schematischen Betrachtungsweise ab und betrachtet die konkrete Ausgestaltung, wie sie aus den Fig. 2 und 3 erkennbar ist, so läßt sich der Aufbau der Wicklung deutlicher in den Einzelheiten erkennen. Die Wicklungsanordnung besteht aus einem innenliegenden Mantel 21 mit der daraufliegenden ersten Wicklungslage 1, die aus nebeneinanderliegenden Drähten, vorzugsweise aus isoliertem Kupfer- oder Aluminiumdraht, besteht. Auf die erste Wicklungslage wird ein Glasfasermantel 23 im Naßwickelverfahren aufgebracht. Es handelt sich hierbei um mit Epoxidharz getränkte Glasfasern, die nach Aushärten einen mechanisch sehr festen Zylinder ergeben. Nachdem die erste Schicht ausgehärtet ist, werden Abstandselemente 6 über den Umfang verteilt und eine weitere Mantelschicht 25 aus getränkten, nicht leitenden Glasfasern aufgebracht. Die Abstandselemente 6 werden dabei festgelegt. Ein Kühlkanal 18 zwischen den Wicklungslagen ist dabei ebenfalls geschaffen. Anschließend wird die nächste Wicklungslage 27 aufgewickelt. Hierauf folgt eine weitere Zwischenlage aus nicht leitendem, erhärtendem Material. Die weitere Schichtung folgt dann diesem Schema. Den Abschluß bildet ein Mantel 32 aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff.If one proceeds from the schematic view and considers the specific configuration, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the structure of the winding can be seen more clearly in the details. The winding arrangement consists of an inner jacket 21 with the first winding layer 1 lying thereon, which consists of wires lying next to one another, preferably of insulated copper or aluminum wire. A glass fiber jacket 23 is applied to the first winding layer in the wet winding process. These are glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin, which after curing result in a mechanically very strong cylinder. After the first layer has hardened, spacer elements 6 are distributed over the circumference and a further cladding layer 25 made of impregnated, non-conductive glass fibers is applied. The spacer elements 6 are defined. A cooling channel 18 between the winding layers is also created. The next winding layer 27 is then wound up. This is followed by another intermediate layer made of non-conductive, hardening material. The further stratification then follows this scheme. The end forms a jacket 32 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Die Besonderheit bei der Wicklung ist aus der Fig. 3 erkennbar. Die innere Lage 1 besteht aus dicht nebeneinanderliegend gewickeltem Draht, wobei sich die Lage durchgehend über die gesamte Achsenlänge erstreckt. Nach Einbringen des ersten Glasfasermantels 23 werden Abstandselemente 6 eingebracht, deren Länge vorzugsweise etwas mehr als ein Viertel der Achsenlänge der Wicklungsanordnung beträgt. Die eingelegten übereinanderliegenden Abstandselemente überlappen sich etwas. Es können auch kürzere Abstandselemente verwendet werden.The special feature of the winding can be seen in FIG. 3. The inner layer 1 consists of wire wound close to one another, the layer extending continuously over the entire length of the axis. After the first glass fiber jacket 23 has been introduced, spacer elements 6 are introduced, the length of which is preferably somewhat more than a quarter of that Axis length of the winding arrangement is. The inserted spacer elements overlap somewhat. Shorter spacer elements can also be used.

Die darauf folgende Wicklungslage 2 besteht aus zwei im wesentlichen gleich langen, auf halber Achsenlänge geteilten Abschnitten 10, 11, die im Achsenendbereich mit der darunterliegenden Wicklungslage 1 über die Verbindungsdrähte 12, 13 miteinander elektrisch verbunden sind. Die Abschnitte 10 bzw. 11 werden dann bis etwa zur Mitte gewickelt, wobei sie sich spiegelsymmetrisch annähern, aber einen Luftspalt 20 etwa im Mittelbereich der Wicklungslagenanordnung freilassen. Sie sind dort mit der darüberliegenden Wicklungslage elektrisch verbunden über die Drähte 29, 30. Anschließend erfolgt das Wickeln der beiden zur dritten Wicklungslage gehörenden Abschnitte. Diese enden im unteren Abschnitt der Wicklung in einem Außenanschluß 14. Im oberen Abschnitt sind mehrere Anzapfungen vorgesehen, so daß neben dem äußersten Anschluß 15 weitere Anzapfstellen 15' gegeben sind, die, wie an sich aus der Transformatorentechnik bekannt, ein Anzapfen zum Spannungsausgleich ermöglichen. Wie ersichtlich, ist bei der gezeichneten Wicklungsanordnung der Luftspalt 20 nach außen geführt; der äußere Mantel ist demnach nicht geschlossen. Diese Anordnung führt zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Isolation und der Kühlung und verhindert Kriechstromstrekken.The subsequent winding layer 2 consists of two sections 10, 11 of substantially the same length, divided over half the length of the axis, which are electrically connected to one another in the axis end region with the winding layer 1 underneath via the connecting wires 12, 13. The sections 10 and 11 are then wound up to about the middle, whereby they approach each other mirror-symmetrically, but leave an air gap 20 approximately in the central region of the winding layer arrangement. There they are electrically connected to the winding layer above them via the wires 29, 30. The two sections belonging to the third winding layer are then wound. These end in the lower section of the winding in an external connection 14. In the upper section, a plurality of taps are provided, so that in addition to the outermost connection 15 there are further tapping points 15 'which, as is known per se from transformer technology, enable tapping to compensate for voltage. As can be seen, in the winding arrangement shown, the air gap 20 is guided to the outside; the outer jacket is therefore not closed. This arrangement further improves insulation and cooling and prevents leakage current.

Aus der Beschreibung geht demnach hervor, daß die Abstandselemente 6 bzw. 7 nicht die gesamte Achsenlänge, sondern auf jeder Seite nur etwa ein Viertel der Achsenlänge einnehmen. Die Länge der Abstandselemente bestimmt sich nach den mechanischen Kräften an den Wicklungslagen; sie liegt im Bereich 1/5 ... 3/5 der halben Abschnittslänge.It follows from the description that the spacing elements 6 and 7 do not occupy the entire axis length, but only about a quarter of the axis length on each side. The length of the spacer elements is determined by the mechanical forces on the winding layers; in the range 1/5 ... 3/5 of the length half portion.

An den Orten größerer Spannungsunterschiede sorgt der Luftspalt dafür, daß die übereinanderliegenden Wicklungslagen sauber elektrisch voneinander getrennt sind, also keine Kriechstromstrecken aufweisen. Weiterhin ermöglicht der in der Mitte liegende Luftspalt 20 die galvanische Trennung zwischen den beiden Wicklungsabschnitten 10', 11'.At the locations of larger voltage differences, the air gap ensures that the winding layers lying one above the other are cleanly electrically separated from one another, that is to say they have no leakage current paths. Furthermore, the air gap 20 in the middle enables the electrical isolation between the two winding sections 10 ', 11'.

Durch die vorliegende Anordnung ist es möglich, mit weniger und qualitätsmäßig geringwertigerem Isolationsmaterial auszukommen, wobei die lichte Weite der Kühlkanäle sich optimal gestalten läßt und sich dadurch die Kühlleistung verbessert, ohne daß wesentliche Nachteile in Kauf genommen zu werden brauchen.With the present arrangement, it is possible to make do with less and lower quality insulation material, the clear width of the cooling channels can be optimally designed and thereby improve the cooling performance without having to accept significant disadvantages.

Claims (1)

  1. A winding for an air-cooled transformer or reactor comprising at least two winding layers and having the following structure:
    - The innermost winding layer (1) extends continuously across the full axial length of the winding;
    - the winding layers (2, 3 ...) joining said innermost winding layer in radial outward direction are formed of a pair of essentially equally long sections (10, 11) which are divided in a position equal to about one-half of the axial length, said section being alternatingly electrically connected or coupled to the overlying and underlying winding layer or winding sections, respectively, in their axial end and central regions;
    - the winding layer(s) is (are) isolated from the other concentrially positioned winding layer(s) by hollow spaces forming cooling channels (18);
    - bar-shaped spacers (6, 7) are disposed in said hollow spaces so as to extend in axial direction,

    characterized in that distributed with a spacing around the circumference in said cooling channels (18) and extending in the axial direction, a pair fo axially aligned spacer elements (6, 7) are each positioned in the region of the electrical connections between the winding layers of said winding sections (10, 11), with the langth of each spacer element being about 0.1 to 0.3, preferably slightly more than 0.25, of the axial length; and that a peripheral air channel (20) is interposed between said winding sections in a position corresponding to about one-half of the axial length.
EP80100436A 1979-02-08 1980-01-29 Coil for an air-cooled dry-type transformer Expired EP0014418B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80100436T ATE442T1 (en) 1979-02-08 1980-01-29 WINDING FOR AN AIR-COOLED DRY TRANSFORMER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2904746A DE2904746C3 (en) 1979-02-08 1979-02-08 Winding for an air-cooled dry-type transformer
DE2904746 1979-02-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0014418A1 EP0014418A1 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0014418B1 true EP0014418B1 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0014418B2 EP0014418B2 (en) 1985-11-21

Family

ID=6062448

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80100436A Expired EP0014418B2 (en) 1979-02-08 1980-01-29 Coil for an air-cooled dry-type transformer

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EP (1) EP0014418B2 (en)
JP (2) JPS55110011A (en)
AT (1) ATE442T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2904746C3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4438653C1 (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-06-20 Siemens Ag Cast resin transformer
DE10213117B4 (en) * 2002-03-23 2004-03-11 Amborn, Peter, Dr.-Ing. Shaft coupling with high efficiency

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB641056A (en) * 1948-08-11 1950-08-02 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to inductive windings
DE1039637B (en) * 1956-11-28 1958-09-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Layer winding for high-voltage coils provided with coolant openings in the winding layers
US3083331A (en) * 1959-12-16 1963-03-26 Ferranti Ltd Series parallel transformer winding arrangement
US2987684A (en) * 1960-04-18 1961-06-06 Gen Electric Electrical apparatus
DE1270167B (en) * 1962-11-27 1968-06-12 Licentia Gmbh Winding embedded in cast resin for power transformers in dry construction
DE1242748B (en) * 1963-11-11 1967-06-22 Licentia Gmbh High-voltage layer winding for transformers, reactors, etc. like induction devices
DE1513916B2 (en) * 1965-03-01 1970-04-16 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH, 6OOO Frankfurt; Winding structure with several axially superimposed partial windings for transformers and reactors
DE2207205C3 (en) * 1972-02-16 1979-02-22 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Air-cooled transformer with one or more axial cooling channels
DE2246235B2 (en) * 1972-09-21 1978-08-24 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Dry type transformer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2904746A1 (en) 1980-08-28
DE2904746C3 (en) 1985-01-24
EP0014418B2 (en) 1985-11-21
EP0014418A1 (en) 1980-08-20
JPS63174420U (en) 1988-11-11
JPH0132339Y2 (en) 1989-10-03
DE2904746B2 (en) 1981-07-09
JPS55110011A (en) 1980-08-25
ATE442T1 (en) 1981-12-15

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