EP0014265B1 - Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes - Google Patents

Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014265B1
EP0014265B1 EP19790200055 EP79200055A EP0014265B1 EP 0014265 B1 EP0014265 B1 EP 0014265B1 EP 19790200055 EP19790200055 EP 19790200055 EP 79200055 A EP79200055 A EP 79200055A EP 0014265 B1 EP0014265 B1 EP 0014265B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
monitoring
smoke
photocell
flame
flue gas
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EP19790200055
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0014265A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Eichelberger
Edgar W. Dipl.-Ing. Nieweg
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Priority to DE7979200055T priority Critical patent/DE2965650D1/en
Priority to EP19790200055 priority patent/EP0014265B1/en
Publication of EP0014265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0014265A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
    • F23M11/047—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flue gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photoelectric device for flame and flue gas monitoring with an optical system, comprising a light source and two photodetectors to which an evaluation unit is connected.
  • Such a device is known from DE-AS 1 616 869.
  • Smoke gas detectors are used in fire protection systems and for monitoring emissions from combustion systems.
  • the number of devices already known is very large.
  • the design varies between relatively simple devices for quantitative measurements and between complex systems for the qualitative detection of flue gases.
  • Fire protection systems are described and shown that either work on an optical principle or from ionization or Gas detectors are formed. Because an optical fire protection message must prevent the system from reacting to sunlight or lamp light, a flame detector is equipped with a photo cell and a selective amplifier that only responds to frequencies between 4 and 30 Hz. So this detector does not react to the lamp light, which has either 100 or 120 Hz. The selective amplifier is also insensitive to sunlight because the sunlight enters the photocell at zero frequency.
  • DE-AS 1 616869 is a photoelectric device which responds selectively to the infrared rays of a flame, wherein a radiation source is provided for the simultaneous monitoring of flame and smoke formation, which essentially generates light with the same spectral composition as a flame and its radiation cone crosses the field of view cone that can be filled with smoke and that combines photoresistors in a detector head.
  • the object of the invention is to use a flame and flue gas detection device to detect flames and flue gases at separate points in the smoke duct of a cremation furnace, which detection device is less susceptible to faults, has a simpler structure, and which meets the special monitoring criteria of a cremation furnace.
  • the photodetectors are designed as photocells
  • the light source is arranged opposite the first photocell and only irradiates it
  • the second photocell in the direction of smoke flow is arranged in front of the first photocell
  • the two photocells are connected in anti-parallel.
  • the advantage of the invention is in particular that the photocell which is assigned to the light source signals the occurrence of smoke, the second photocell which is not assigned to any light source reacting to the striking flames.
  • the anti-parallel connection of the photocells means a simplification of the subject matter of the invention, because the signals emitted by both photocells counteract, and the fresh air supply can thereby be immediately adapted to the respective combustion conditions.
  • a furnace 1 is connected to a smoke duct 2, which leads into a chimney 3.
  • a light source 4 and a first photocell 5 arranged opposite the light source 4 are fastened in the smoke channel 2.
  • a second photocell 6 is also arranged in the smoke channel 2 and is located between the furnace 1 and the first photocell 5. The direction of the rays of the light source 4 is shown by the dashed arrow 7.
  • a flame 8 is drawn schematically.
  • the first photocell 5 and the second photocell 6 are connected antiparallel and connected via connecting lines 11 or common lines 12 to an evaluation unit 9 which is provided with a control output 10.
  • the method of operation is as follows: in normal operation, no smoke develops and no flame strikes the smoke channel 2.
  • the first photocell 5 receives the light from the light source 4.
  • the photocell 6 does not register any incidence of light.
  • the evaluation unit 9 contains a signal from the first photocell 5, which signals that the combustion air regulation is set correctly.
  • the evaluation unit 9 receives a signal from the first photocell 5, which means that the combustion process z. B. is to be influenced with an increased addition of fresh air.
  • the flame 8 strikes over the second photocell 6 or over both photocells 5 and 6.
  • the two photocells 5 and 6, which are connected to the evaluation unit 9 with a common line 12 are opposite with their signals because the photocells mentioned are connected in anti-parallel.
  • the evaluation unit 9 receives a signal, which means that, for. B. even more fresh air for smoke control in the oven 1 must be supplied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine photoelektrische Vorrichtung zur Flammen- und Rauchgasüberwachung mit einem optischen System, umfassend eine Lichtquelle und zwei Photodetektoren, an die eine Auswerteeinheit angeschlossen ist.The invention relates to a photoelectric device for flame and flue gas monitoring with an optical system, comprising a light source and two photodetectors to which an evaluation unit is connected.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der DE-AS 1 616 869 bekannt.Such a device is known from DE-AS 1 616 869.

Rauchgasmelder werden bei Brandschutzanlagen und zur Emissionsüberwachung von Verbrennungsanlagen verwendet. Die Anzahl der bereits bekannten Geräte ist sehr groß. Die Ausführung variiert zwischen verhältnismäßig einfachen Geräten für quantitative Messungen und zwischen aufwendigen Anlagen zur qualitativen Erfassung von Rauchgasen.Smoke gas detectors are used in fire protection systems and for monitoring emissions from combustion systems. The number of devices already known is very large. The design varies between relatively simple devices for quantitative measurements and between complex systems for the qualitative detection of flue gases.

Im Artikel »Die fotoelektrische Messung von Staubemissionen« von H. Walcher, Feinwerktechnik & Meßtechnik, 83, 1975, Heft 6, Seiten 257 ff., sind verschiedene Systeme beschrieben und dargestellt, die auch auf optischem Prinzip arbeiten. Es werden mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt, die jedoch alle sehr kompliziert und somit aufwendig sind. Es wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß infolge der schwankenden Strömungsverhältnisse, durch Schwadenbildung und infolge diskontinuierlicher Verbrennung sehr unruhige Meßangaben entstehen können, die keine einfache Auswertung gewährleisten.In the article "The Photoelectric Measurement of Dust Emissions" by H. Walcher, Feinwerktechnik & Meßtechnik, 83, 1975, Issue 6, pages 257 ff., Various systems are described and shown that also work on an optical principle. Several exemplary embodiments are shown, but all of them are very complicated and therefore complex. Attention is drawn to the fact that, due to the fluctuating flow conditions, swath formation and discontinuous combustion, very uneasy measurement data can arise which do not guarantee simple evaluation.

Im Artikel »Elektronik im Brandschutz«, von K. Nentwig, industrieelektrik+elektronik, 20. Jahrgang, 1975, Nr. 10, S. 207 ff., sind Brandschutzanlagen beschrieben und dargestellt, die entweder auf optischem Prinzip arbeiten oder aus lonisations- oder Gasdetektoren ausgebildet sind. Weil bei einer optischen Brandschutzmeldung verhindert werden muß, daß die Anlage auf Sonnen- oder Lampenlicht reagiert, ist ein Flammenmelder mit einer Fotozelle und einem Selektivverstärker versehen, der nur auf Frequenzen zwischen 4 und 30 Hz anspricht. Dieser Melder reagiert also nicht auf das Lampenlicht, das entweder 100 oder 120 Hz aufweist. Auch gegenüber dem Sonnenlicht ist der Selektivverstärker unempfindlich, weil das Sonnenlicht mit Null-Frequenz in die Fotozelle eintritt.In the article "Electronics in fire protection", by K. Nentwig, industrieelektrik + elektronik, 20th year, 1975, No. 10, p. 207 ff., Fire protection systems are described and shown that either work on an optical principle or from ionization or Gas detectors are formed. Because an optical fire protection message must prevent the system from reacting to sunlight or lamp light, a flame detector is equipped with a photo cell and a selective amplifier that only responds to frequencies between 4 and 30 Hz. So this detector does not react to the lamp light, which has either 100 or 120 Hz. The selective amplifier is also insensitive to sunlight because the sunlight enters the photocell at zero frequency.

Bei der DE-AS 1 616869 handelt es sich um eine selektiv auf Ultrarotstrahlen einer Flamme ansprechende photoelektrische Vorrichtung, wobei zur gleichzeitigen Überwachung von Flammen- und Rauchbildung eine Strahlungsquelle vorgesehen ist, die im wesentlichen Licht mit derselben spektralen Zusammensetzung wie eine Flamme erzeugt und deren Strahlungskegel den von Rauch erfüllbaren Gesichtsfeldkegel der in einem Detektorkopf vereinigten Photowiderstände kreuzt.DE-AS 1 616869 is a photoelectric device which responds selectively to the infrared rays of a flame, wherein a radiation source is provided for the simultaneous monitoring of flame and smoke formation, which essentially generates light with the same spectral composition as a flame and its radiation cone crosses the field of view cone that can be filled with smoke and that combines photoresistors in a detector head.

Bei Kremationsöfen besteht das Problem der sicheren Erfassung von Rauchgasen, da die Intensität des Verbrennungsvorgangs zeitlich stark schwankt. Die übliche optische Rauchgasüberwachung gibt bei solchen Öfen in den Zeitabschnitten, in denen die Flammen bis in die Rauchkanäle schlagen, kein für die entsprechende Nachregelung des Ofens, d. h. für die Vermeidung von unerwünschten Emissionen brauchbares Signal mehr.With cremation ovens there is the problem of the safe detection of flue gases, since the intensity of the combustion process fluctuates greatly over time. With such stoves, the usual optical flue gas monitoring does not provide for the corresponding readjustment of the stove in the periods in which the flames hit the smoke channels. H. signal usable to avoid unwanted emissions more.

Es besteht zwar die Möglichkeit, die Distanz zwischen dem Verbrennungsraum und der Rauchgasüberwachung zu vergrößern, diese Ausführungsmöglichkeit ist jedoch technisch ungünstig, da dabei das Volumen zwischen dem Verbrennungsraum und der Überwachungseinrichtung, das sich vor dem Ansprechen der Überwachungseinrichtung mit Rauch füllt, unerwünscht groß ist. Auch eine Rauchgasüberwachung unter Verwendung einer einzigen Fotozelle mit zugehörender Lichtquelle ist den heutigen Anforderungen bezüglich Umweltschutz nicht mehr gewachsen, weil bei dieser Lösung die Gefahr besteht, daß auch die Flammen unrichtig signalisiert werden.Although there is the possibility of increasing the distance between the combustion chamber and the flue gas monitoring, this design option is technically unfavorable, since the volume between the combustion chamber and the monitoring device, which fills with smoke before the monitoring device responds, is undesirably large. Even flue gas monitoring using a single photocell with an associated light source is no longer up to today's environmental protection requirements, because with this solution there is a risk that the flames will also be incorrectly signaled.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mittels einer Flammen- und Rauchgasdetektionsvorrichtung an getrennten Stellen im Rauchkanal eines Kremationsofens Flammen und Rauchgase zu detektieren, welches Detektionsgerät weniger störanfällig ist, einen einfacheren Aufbau aufweist, und das den besonderen Überwachungskriterien eines Kremationsofens gerecht wird.The object of the invention is to use a flame and flue gas detection device to detect flames and flue gases at separate points in the smoke duct of a cremation furnace, which detection device is less susceptible to faults, has a simpler structure, and which meets the special monitoring criteria of a cremation furnace.

Die vorgenannte Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zur Flammen-und Rauchgasüberwachung im Rauchkanal eines Kremationsofens die Photodetektoren als Photozellen ausgebildet sind, die Lichtquelle gegenüber der ersten Photozelle angeordnet ist und nur diese bestrahlt, die zweite Photozelle in Rauchströmungsrichtung vor der ersten Photozelle angeordnet ist, und die zwei Photozellen antiparallel geschaltet sind.The above-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention in a device of the type mentioned at the outset in that for flame and flue gas monitoring in the smoke channel of a cremation furnace, the photodetectors are designed as photocells, the light source is arranged opposite the first photocell and only irradiates it, the second photocell in the direction of smoke flow is arranged in front of the first photocell, and the two photocells are connected in anti-parallel.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht insbesondere darin, daß die Photozelle, die der Lichtquelle zugeordnet ist, das Rauchvorkommen signalisiert, wobei die zweite Photozelle, die keiner Lichtquelle zugeordnet ist, auf die einschlagenden Flammen reagiert. Die antiparallele Schaltung der Photozellen bedeutet eine Vereinfachung des Erfindungsgegenstandes, weil die Signale, die von beiden Photozellen ausgehen, entgegenwirken, und dadurch die Frischluftzufuhr unverzüglich den jeweiligen Verbrennungsbedingungen angepaßt werden kann.The advantage of the invention is in particular that the photocell which is assigned to the light source signals the occurrence of smoke, the second photocell which is not assigned to any light source reacting to the striking flames. The anti-parallel connection of the photocells means a simplification of the subject matter of the invention, because the signals emitted by both photocells counteract, and the fresh air supply can thereby be immediately adapted to the respective combustion conditions.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • F i g. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Verbrennungsofens mit einem Rauchkanal, in dem die erfindungsgemäße Rauchgasüberwachungseinrichtung installiert ist, und
  • F i g. 2 die elektrische Schaltung der Rauchgas- überwachungseinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings. It shows
  • F i g. 1 shows a schematic representation of an incinerator with a smoke duct, in which the smoke gas monitoring device according to the invention is installed, and
  • F i g. 2 the electrical circuit of the flue gas monitoring device according to the invention.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist ein Ofen 1 mit einem Rauchkanal 2 verbunden, der in einen Schornstein 3 führt. Im Rauchkanal 2 ist eine Lichtquelle 4 und eine gegenüber der Lichtquelle 4 angeordnete erste Photozelle 5 befestigt. Im Rauchkanal 2 ist auch eine zweite Photozelle 6 angeordnet, die sich zwischen dem Ofen 1 und der ersten Photozelle 5 befindet. Die Richtung der Strahlen der Lichtquelle 4 ist mit dem gestrichelt gezeichneten Pfeil 7 dargestellt. Am Anfang des Rauchkanals 2 ist eine Flamme 8 schematisch gezeichnet.1, a furnace 1 is connected to a smoke duct 2, which leads into a chimney 3. A light source 4 and a first photocell 5 arranged opposite the light source 4 are fastened in the smoke channel 2. A second photocell 6 is also arranged in the smoke channel 2 and is located between the furnace 1 and the first photocell 5. The direction of the rays of the light source 4 is shown by the dashed arrow 7. At the beginning of the smoke channel 2, a flame 8 is drawn schematically.

Gleiche Teile sind in Fig. 2 mit denselben Bezugsziffern versehen wie in Fig. 1.The same parts are given the same reference numerals in FIG. 2 as in FIG. 1.

Gemäß Fig. 2 sind die erste Photozelle 5 und die zweite Photozelle 6 antiparallel geschaltet und über Verbindungsleitungen 11 bzw. gemeinsame Leitungen 12 an eine Auswerteeinheit 9 angeschlossen, die mit einem Regelausgang 10 versehen ist.2, the first photocell 5 and the second photocell 6 are connected antiparallel and connected via connecting lines 11 or common lines 12 to an evaluation unit 9 which is provided with a control output 10.

Die Arbeitsweise ist wie folgt: Im Normalbetrieb entwickelt sich kein Rauch und in den Rauchkanal 2 schlägt keine Flamme 8. Die erste Photozelle 5 empfängt das Licht der Lichtquelle 4. Die Photozelle 6 registriert keinen Lichteinfall. Die Auswerteeinheit 9 enthält ein Signal von der ersten Photozelle 5, welches signalisiert, daß die Verbrennungsluftregulierung richtig eingestellt ist.The method of operation is as follows: in normal operation, no smoke develops and no flame strikes the smoke channel 2. The first photocell 5 receives the light from the light source 4. The photocell 6 does not register any incidence of light. The evaluation unit 9 contains a signal from the first photocell 5, which signals that the combustion air regulation is set correctly.

Bei einer Rauchentwicklung und schwachem Verbrennungsvorgang ist der Lichteinfall auf die erste Photozelle 5 von der Rauchdichte abhängig. Die zweite Photozelle 6 bleibt unbeeinflußt, weil in den Rauchkanal 2 keine Flamme 8 schlägt. Dementsprechend erhält die Auswerteeinheit 9 von der ersten Photozelle 5 ein Signal, das bedeutet, daß der Verbrennungsvorgang z. B. mit einer erhöhten Frischluftzugabe beeinflußt werden soll.In the case of smoke development and a weak combustion process, the incidence of light on the first photocell 5 depends on the smoke density. The second photocell 6 remains unaffected because no flame 8 strikes the smoke channel 2. Accordingly, the evaluation unit 9 receives a signal from the first photocell 5, which means that the combustion process z. B. is to be influenced with an increased addition of fresh air.

Bei einer extrem starken Verbrennung, die erfahrungsgemäß immer mit starker Rauchentwicklung verbunden ist, schlägt die Flamme 8 über die zweite Photozelle 6 oder über beide Photozellen 5 und 6. Die beiden Photozellen 5 und 6, die mit einer gemeinsamen Leitung 12 an die Auswerteeinheit 9 angeschlossen sind, wirken mit ihren Signalen entgegengesetzt, weil die genannten Photozellen antiparallel geschaltet sind. Bei dieser Lösung erhält die Auswerteeinheit 9 ein Signal, das bedeutet, daß z. B. noch mehr Frischluft zur Rauchbekämpfung in den Ofen 1 zugeführt werden muß.In the case of an extremely strong combustion, which experience has shown to be associated with strong smoke development, the flame 8 strikes over the second photocell 6 or over both photocells 5 and 6. The two photocells 5 and 6, which are connected to the evaluation unit 9 with a common line 12 are opposite with their signals because the photocells mentioned are connected in anti-parallel. In this solution, the evaluation unit 9 receives a signal, which means that, for. B. even more fresh air for smoke control in the oven 1 must be supplied.

Claims (1)

  1. Photoelectric device for flame-monitoring and flue gas-monitoring, having an optical system comprising a light source (4) and two photodetectors (5, 6) to which an evaluation unit (9) is connected, characterised in that, for flame-monitoring and flue gas-monitoring in the flue duct (2) of a cremation furnace, the photodetectors are designed as photo cells (5, 6), the light source is arranged opposite the first photo cell (5) and irradiates only the latter, the second photo cell (6) is arranged upstream of the first photo cell (5) in the direction of the flue gas, and the two photo cells (5, 6) are connected in anti-parallel fashion.
EP19790200055 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes Expired EP0014265B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7979200055T DE2965650D1 (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes
EP19790200055 EP0014265B1 (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19790200055 EP0014265B1 (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes

Publications (2)

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EP0014265A1 EP0014265A1 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0014265B1 true EP0014265B1 (en) 1983-06-15

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EP19790200055 Expired EP0014265B1 (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Photoelectric system for monitoring flames and fumes

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Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1616869B1 (en) * 1961-11-16 1969-09-11 Pyrotector Gmbh Photoelectric device for fire monitoring
CA1052887A (en) * 1974-11-27 1979-04-17 Pyrotector Smoke detector

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DE2965650D1 (en) 1983-07-21
EP0014265A1 (en) 1980-08-20

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