EP0014221B1 - Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles - Google Patents

Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014221B1
EP0014221B1 EP19790100324 EP79100324A EP0014221B1 EP 0014221 B1 EP0014221 B1 EP 0014221B1 EP 19790100324 EP19790100324 EP 19790100324 EP 79100324 A EP79100324 A EP 79100324A EP 0014221 B1 EP0014221 B1 EP 0014221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
burner
gas supply
housing
supply tube
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP19790100324
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0014221A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Niemann
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Elster Kromschroeder GmbH
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G Kromschroeder AG
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Priority to EP19790100324 priority Critical patent/EP0014221B1/en
Priority to DE7979100324T priority patent/DE2965172D1/en
Publication of EP0014221A1 publication Critical patent/EP0014221A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0014221B1 publication Critical patent/EP0014221B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas-heated burner for tempering melting furnaces or crucibles, comprising: a jacket-shaped burner housing which forms an outlet opening, a gas supply pipe which is arranged coaxially to the burner housing and is throttled at its outlet by throttling means and has a radially projecting, annular projection at its end and upstream of this approach has lateral gas outlet openings, and a connection at the end of the burner housing facing away from the outlet opening for connection to air supply means, which is in an essentially unthrottled connection with the annular space formed between the gas supply pipe and the burner housing.
  • the tubular burner housing contains a part which is slightly conically widened towards an outlet opening and which is followed by a frustoconical part which tapers towards the outlet opening. This latter part is in turn followed by a cylindrical end piece forming the outlet opening.
  • the burner housing is divided by an intermediate wall which sits in the connecting plane between the widening and the conically tapering part of the burner housing and has a central opening.
  • a gas feed pipe is located on the intermediate wall coaxially with the burner housing.
  • An air guide tube sits coaxially within this gas supply tube and surrounds the central opening in the intermediate wall.
  • An annular space is formed between the gas supply pipe and the frustoconical part of the burner housing.
  • a radial flange which projects outwards into the annular space and forms a throttling outlet gap with the burner housing.
  • the air guide tube also has a radial flange at its outlet end, which also forms a throttled annular gap with the gas supply tube.
  • an annular space is formed between the air guide pipe and the gas supply pipe, into which a gas feed line opens. Openings are provided in the intermediate wall outside the gas supply pipe, via which openings the part of the space formed in the burner housing upstream of the intermediate wall is connected to the annular space which is formed between the gas supply pipe and the burner housing.
  • a connection via which air supply means, e.g. a blower can be connected.
  • an air flow mainly passes through the central opening of the intermediate wall and through the air supply pipe into the combustion chamber formed within the frustoconical part of the burner housing. Gas is throttled through the annular gap that is formed between the gas feed pipe and the radial flange of the air feed pipe. Finally, a further air flow enters the combustion chamber via the outer openings of the intermediate wall, the outer annular chamber which acts as a calming zone and the annular gap between the radial flange of the gas supply pipe and the burner housing and is directed inwards by the frustoconical part of the burner housing.
  • Mixing of gas and air is to take place in the toroidal area that emerges in front of the gas supply pipe and the air supply pipe around the longitudinal axis of the tunnel burner, and from this area the flame extends into the combustion chamber, the flame being jacket-shaped and on the one hand surrounds the central air flow and on the other hand is surrounded by the external air flow that runs between the flame and the wall of the burner housing.
  • a burner head for an all gas burner in which two baffle plates arranged at a close distance from one another are provided at the end of a gas supply pipe, between which the gas flows radially outwards.
  • the baffle plates are provided with aligned openings through which air flows.
  • the aligned openings are connected to the space between the baffle plates, so that the air flowing through mixes with the radially flowing gas and takes it with it.
  • the upper baffle plate also has a central gas outlet opening which is aligned with the gas supply pipe.
  • a burner is also known in which a gas supply pipe is arranged coaxially within a burner pipe, air being able to be introduced into the burner pipe via a lateral connection, in such a way that the air flow within the burner pipe gives a swirl around the gas supply pipe becomes.
  • the burner tube extends somewhat beyond the gas feed tube in the axial direction.
  • the gas supply pipe forms a gas supply channel that fills its entire cross section. At its end, the gas supply tube forms a central, throttling outlet nozzle.
  • the gas feed pipe also carries a radial flange upstream of this outlet nozzle. Lateral gas outlet openings are provided in the gas supply pipe upstream of the radial flange. The air flow builds up on the radial flange.
  • the throttling outlet nozzle causes a certain gas jam in front of this nozzle. Gas therefore enters through the lateral gas outlet openings into the calming zone formed upstream of the radial flange.
  • the gas-air mixture formed there creates a holding flame that burns around the radial flange and prevents the flame from lifting when there are high gas and air flows.
  • the escaping gas is ignited immediately by the flame.
  • the flame is the zone in which a chemical reaction takes place between the gas and the combustion air. If the gas is not completely burned due to insufficient mixing of gas and air, unburned gas can accumulate in the melting furnace or crucible and lead to an explosion. This can also happen if the flame is so long that it extends to the opposite wall of the melting furnace or crucible. In addition, the heating would become uneven in such a case.
  • the flame should only contain hot air and exhaust gases only within one in the burner housing, while only hot air and exhaust gas emerge from the outlet opening of the burner housing.
  • the amount of gas is regulated within very wide limits.
  • the flame must not be too long. It must also not take off or go out.
  • the radial flange on the gas supply pipe in this arrangement which belongs to the prior art, generates a holding flame which prevents the flame from being lifted off the outlet nozzle even at high gas speeds.
  • a straight, central gas stream emerges from the central outlet nozzle.
  • a strong, unthrottled air flow is generated around this central gas flow.
  • Mixing-promoting flow guide bodies ensure that swirling and mixing of gas and air takes place within the combustion chamber and that the combustion reaction can therefore take place completely within the combustion chamber. This creates a short flame that is essentially formed within the combustion chamber.
  • An intimate mixture of air and exhaust gases emerges from the outlet opening and has a uniform temperature corresponding to the heating power of the supplied and burned gas.
  • This burner still requires a relatively long combustion chamber in which the mixing and swirling of gas and air takes place.
  • the invention has for its object to design a burner of the type defined in such a way that by other means, not by guide vanes or the like. in the combustion chamber, an intimate mixing of gas and air and a combustion with a short flame is guaranteed, whereby it is also ensured that the burner works properly over a large range of gas throughput, ie over a large range of heating power.
  • the gas emerging through the lateral gas outlet openings of the gas supply pipe upstream of the flat-cylindrical housing mixes with the air which is stowed in front of the housing and exits through the channels which pass through the flat-cylindrical housing .
  • the gas-air column passing through the channels, which is already braked in relation to the remaining high air throughput and therefore has less tendency to lift off, is still held by the flames that burn on the rings of narrow gas outlet openings formed around the channels. A further mixing of gas and air occurs here.
  • the central outlet opening also provides a central gas jet, which allows a large gas throughput.
  • This central gas flow is also mixed well with air by the flames burning around it and the air drawn in between these flames, so that the gas is completely burned in a relatively short flame.
  • the result is an arrangement in which the flame neither lifts off nor is blown out by the supplied air, even with high heating outputs, ie high gas throughput.
  • the various gas outlet openings allow this large gas throughput.
  • the pressure inside the gas supply pipe drops. Since the air flow remains unchanged and back pressure builds up in front of the flat-cylindrical housing, the flow reverses at the side gas outlet openings when the gas flow falls below a certain level. Air then flows in from the outside through the lateral “gas outlet openings” into the gas feed pipe and mixes with the gas already in the gas feed pipe, as a result of which a perfect burning flame is guaranteed on the central gas outlet opening even under these conditions.
  • the burner contains a jacket-shaped burner housing 10, which forms an outlet opening 12.
  • a gas supply pipe 14 is provided coaxially with the burner housing.
  • a connection 16 is provided for connection to air supply means (not shown).
  • the connection 16 is in the annular space 18 formed between the gas supply pipe 14 and the burner housing 10 essentially unthrottled in connection.
  • the gas supply pipe 10 has a bend 20 at its inlet end and is then guided out of the side of the burner housing 10.
  • the gas supply pipe 14 has a radially projecting, annular extension 22 at its end. Upstream of this approach, lateral gas outlet openings 24 are provided in the gas supply pipe 14.
  • This ring-shaped extension 22 is formed by a flat-cylindrical housing 26 which is seated at the end of the gas supply pipe 14 and is arranged coaxially with it and projects radially beyond the gas supply pipe.
  • This housing 26 is penetrated by a ring of tubular channels 32, 34, 36 which extend from the bottom 28 laterally of the gas supply pipe 14 to the top 30.
  • the housing 26 On the top 30, the housing 26 has around each of these channels 32, 34, 36 a ring 38, 40, 42 of narrow vents.
  • the housing 26 has on the top 28 a central gas outlet opening 44 aligned with the gas supply pipe 14.
  • the cross section of the central gas outlet opening 44 is significantly smaller than the cross section of each of the channels 32, 34, 36 passing through the housing 26.
  • the housing 26 is penetrated by three channels 32, 34, 36, which is arranged at 120 ° to one another at an angle around the axis of the gas supply pipe 14.
  • the burner housing 10 has a section 46 running inwardly in the shape of a truncated cone inward, closely downstream of the flat-cylindrical housing 26 seated on the gas supply pipe 14, and then has a cylindrical end piece 48 forming the outlet opening 12.
  • This configuration of the burner housing 10 directs the air flow flowing through the annular space 18 inward downstream of the housing 26 in the area of the flames, as a result of which the mixing of the fuel gases with the air is further improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen gasbeheizten Brenner zur Antemperung von Schmelzöfen oder Schmelztiegeln, enthaltend: ein mantelförmiges Brennergehäuse, welches eine Austrittsöffnung bildet, ein koaxial zu dem Brennergehäuse angeordnetes, an seinem Auslaß durch Drosselmittel gedrosseltes Gaszufuhrrohr, das an seinem Ende einen radial vorstehenden, ringförmigen Ansatz trägt und stromauf von diesem Ansatz seitliche Gasaustrittsöffnungen aufweist, und einen Anschluß an dem der Austrittsöffnung abgewandten Ende des Brennergehäuses zum Anschluß an Luftzufuhrmittel, der mit dem zwischen Gaszufuhrrohr und Brennergehäuse gebildeten Ringraum im wesentlichen ungedrosselt in Verbindung steht.The invention relates to a gas-heated burner for tempering melting furnaces or crucibles, comprising: a jacket-shaped burner housing which forms an outlet opening, a gas supply pipe which is arranged coaxially to the burner housing and is throttled at its outlet by throttling means and has a radially projecting, annular projection at its end and upstream of this approach has lateral gas outlet openings, and a connection at the end of the burner housing facing away from the outlet opening for connection to air supply means, which is in an essentially unthrottled connection with the annular space formed between the gas supply pipe and the burner housing.

Bei einem bekannten Tunnelbrenner (US-A-3 275 057, FR-A-1 430591) enthält das rohrförmige Brennergehäuse einen zu einer Austrittsöffnung hin schwach konisch erweiterten Teil, an den sich ein kegelstumpfförmiger, sich zu der Austrittsöffnung verjüngender Teil anschließt. An diesem letzteren Teil schließt sich wiederum ein die Austrittsöffnung bildendes zylindrisches Endstück an. Das Brennergehäuse ist durch eine Zwischenwand geteilt, die in der Verbindungsebene zwischen dem sich erweiternden und dem sich konisch verjüngenden Teil des Brennergehäuses sitzt und einen zentralen Durchbruch aufweist. Auslaßseitig sitzt an der Zwischenwand koaxial zu dem Brennergehäuse ein Gaszufuhrrohr. Koaxial innerhalb dieses Gaszufuhrrohres sitzt ein Luftführungsrohr, welches den zentralen Durchbruch in der Zwischenwand umgibt. Zwischen dem Gaszufuhrrohr und dem kegelstumpfförmigen Teil des Brennergehäuses ist ein Ringraum gebildet. Am auslaßseitigen Ende des Gaszufuhrrohres sitzt ein Radialflansch, der nach außen in den Ringraum hineinragt und mit dem Brennergehäuse einen drosselnden Austrittsspalt bildet. Das Luftführungsrohr weist ebenfalls an seinem austrittsseitigen Ende einen Radialflansch auf, der mit dem Gaszufuhrrohr ebenfalls einen drosselnen Ringspalt bildet. Zwischen dem Luftführungsrohr und dem Gaszufuhrrohr ist auf diese Weise ein Ringraum gebildet, in den eine Gaszuleitung mündet. In der Zwischenwand sind außerhalb des Gaszufuhrrohres Durchbrüche vorgesehen, über welche der stromauf von der Zwischenwand liegende Teil des im Brennergehäuse gebildeten Raumes mit dem Ringraum in Verbindung steht, der zwischen dem Gaszufuhrrohr und dem Brennergehäuse gebildet ist. An dem der Austrittssöffnung abgewandten Ende des Brennergehäuses ist ein Anschluß vorgesehen, über den Luftzufuhrmittel, z.B. ein Gebläse angeschlossen werden können.In a known tunnel burner (US-A-3 275 057, FR-A-1 430591) the tubular burner housing contains a part which is slightly conically widened towards an outlet opening and which is followed by a frustoconical part which tapers towards the outlet opening. This latter part is in turn followed by a cylindrical end piece forming the outlet opening. The burner housing is divided by an intermediate wall which sits in the connecting plane between the widening and the conically tapering part of the burner housing and has a central opening. On the outlet side, a gas feed pipe is located on the intermediate wall coaxially with the burner housing. An air guide tube sits coaxially within this gas supply tube and surrounds the central opening in the intermediate wall. An annular space is formed between the gas supply pipe and the frustoconical part of the burner housing. At the outlet end of the gas supply pipe there is a radial flange which projects outwards into the annular space and forms a throttling outlet gap with the burner housing. The air guide tube also has a radial flange at its outlet end, which also forms a throttled annular gap with the gas supply tube. In this way, an annular space is formed between the air guide pipe and the gas supply pipe, into which a gas feed line opens. Openings are provided in the intermediate wall outside the gas supply pipe, via which openings the part of the space formed in the burner housing upstream of the intermediate wall is connected to the annular space which is formed between the gas supply pipe and the burner housing. At the end of the burner housing facing away from the outlet opening there is a connection via which air supply means, e.g. a blower can be connected.

Bei diesem bekannten Brenner tritt ein Luftstrom hauptsächlich durch den zentralen Durchbruch der Zwischenwand und durch das Luftzuführungsrohr hindurch in die innerhalb des kegelstumpfförmigen Teiles des Brennergehäuses gebildete Brennkammer. Gas wird gedrosselt über den Ringspalt zugeführt, der zwischen dem Gaszufuhrrohr und dem Radialflansch des Luftzuführungsrohres gebildet ist. Schließlich tritt ein weiterer Luftstrom über die äußeren Durchbrüche der Zwischenwand, die als Beruhigungszone wirkende äußere Ringkammer und den Ringspalt zwischen dem Radialflansch des Gaszufuhrrohres und dem Brennergehäuse in die Brennkammer und wird durch den kegelstumpfförmigen Teil des Brennergehäuses einwärts gelenkt. Eine Vermischung von Gas und Luft soll dabei in dem torusförmigen Bereich stattfinden, der vor dem Gaszufuhrrohr und dem Luftzuführungsrohr um die Längsachse des Tunnellbrenners herum austritt, und von diesem Bereich aus erstreckt sich die Flamme in die Brennkammer, wobei die Flamme mantelförmig ist und einerseits den zentralen Luftstrom umgibt und andererseits von dem äußeren Luftstrom, der zwischen Flamme und Wandung des Brennergehäuses verläuft, umgeben ist.In this known burner, an air flow mainly passes through the central opening of the intermediate wall and through the air supply pipe into the combustion chamber formed within the frustoconical part of the burner housing. Gas is throttled through the annular gap that is formed between the gas feed pipe and the radial flange of the air feed pipe. Finally, a further air flow enters the combustion chamber via the outer openings of the intermediate wall, the outer annular chamber which acts as a calming zone and the annular gap between the radial flange of the gas supply pipe and the burner housing and is directed inwards by the frustoconical part of the burner housing. Mixing of gas and air is to take place in the toroidal area that emerges in front of the gas supply pipe and the air supply pipe around the longitudinal axis of the tunnel burner, and from this area the flame extends into the combustion chamber, the flame being jacket-shaped and on the one hand surrounds the central air flow and on the other hand is surrounded by the external air flow that runs between the flame and the wall of the burner housing.

Es ist weiterhin bekannt (DE-B-1 170 101 ) bei einem Rundbrenner über ein zentrales Rohr Luft, über ein koaxial darum herum angeordnetes Gaszufuhrrohr Gas und über ein weiteres koaxial um das Gaszufuhrrohr herum angeordnetes Rohr Luft zuzuführen, wobei die Luft in dem äußeren Rohr über einen Leitschaufelkranz geleitet wird, so daß dem äußeren Luftmantel ein Drall erteilt wird. Dieser Leitschaufelkranz ist dabei stromauf von der Gasaustrittsöffnung angeordnet und erzeugt lediglich einen Drall der Luft.It is also known (DE-B-1 170 101) to supply air to a round burner via a central tube, air via a gas supply tube arranged coaxially around it and air via another tube arranged coaxially around the gas supply tube, the air being in the outer Pipe is passed over a vane ring so that a swirl is given to the outer air jacket. This guide vane ring is arranged upstream of the gas outlet opening and only generates a swirl of the air.

Eine ähnliche Anordnung zeigt die US-A-3049173.A similar arrangement is shown in US-A-3049173.

Durch die DE-A-2 548 790 ist ein Brennerkopf für einen Allgasbrenner bekannt, bei welchem an Ende eines Gaszuleitungsrohres zwei in engem Abstand voneinander angeordnete Stauscheiben vorgesehen sind, zwischen denen das Gas radial nach außen strömt. Die Stauscheiben sind mit fluchtenden Durchbrüchen versehen, durch welche Luft hindurchströmt. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel (Fig. 9) stehen die fluchtenden Durchbrüche mit dem Raum zwischen den Stauscheiben in Verbindung, so daß sich die hindurchströmende Luft mit dem radial fließenden Gas vermischt und dieses mitnimmt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weist die obere Stauscheibe außerdem eine zentrale, mit dem Gaszufuhrrohr fluchtende Gasaustrittsöffnung auf. Bei einem anderen Ausführrungsbeispiel der DE-A-2 548 790 (Fig. 3 und 4) sitzen in den fluchtenden Durchbrüchen durchgehende Buchsen, durch welche ein reiner Luftstrom hindurchtritt. Gas tritt aus engen Ringspalten aus, welche die Buchsen umgeben. Eine Flamme brennt dort nicht auf den Durchbrüchen oder Buchsen, durch die nur Luft zugeführt wird, sondern auf den Ringspalten. Eine zentrale Gasaustrittsöffnung ist bei dieser Ausführungsform nicht vorhanden.From DE-A-2 548 790 a burner head for an all gas burner is known, in which two baffle plates arranged at a close distance from one another are provided at the end of a gas supply pipe, between which the gas flows radially outwards. The baffle plates are provided with aligned openings through which air flows. In one embodiment (FIG. 9), the aligned openings are connected to the space between the baffle plates, so that the air flowing through mixes with the radially flowing gas and takes it with it. In this exemplary embodiment, the upper baffle plate also has a central gas outlet opening which is aligned with the gas supply pipe. In another exemplary embodiment of DE-A-2 548 790 (FIGS. 3 and 4) there are continuous bushings in the aligned openings, through which a pure air flow passes. Gas emerges from narrow annular gaps that surround the sockets. A flame does not burn there on the openings or sockets through which only air is supplied, but on the ring gaps. There is no central gas outlet opening in this embodiment.

Es ist weiterhin ein Brenner bekannt, bei welchem ein Gaszufuhrrohr koaxial innerhalb eines Brennerrohres angeordnet ist, wobei in das Brennerrohr über einen seitlichen Anschluß Luft einleitbar ist, und zwar in einer solchen Weise, daß dem Luftstrom innerhalb des Brennerrohres um das Gaszufuhrrohr herum ein Drall erteilt wird. Das Brennerrohr erstreckt sich in axialer Richtung etwas über das Gaszufuhrrohr hinaus. Das Gaszufuhrrohr bildet einen seinen gesamten Querschnitt ausfüllenden Gaszufuhrkanal. An seinem Ende bildet das Gaszufuhrrohr eine zentrale, drosselnde Auslaßdüse. Das Gaszufuhrrohr trägt weiterhin einen Radialflansch stromauf von dieser Auslaßdüse. Stromauf von dem Radialflansch sind in dem Gaszufuhrrohr seitliche Gasaustrittsöffnungen vorgesehen. Die Luftströmung staut sich an dem Radialflansch. Durch die drosselnde Auslaßdüse erfolgt ein gewisser Gasstau vor dieser Düse. Gas tritt daher durch die seitlichen Gasaustrittsöffnungen in die stromauf von dem Radialflansch gebildete Beruhigungszone. Das dort gebildete Gas-Luft-Gemisch erzeugt eine Halteflamme, die um den Radialflansch herum brennt und ein Abheben der Flamme bei hoher Gas- und Luftströmungen verhindert. Durch die Halteflamme wird das austretende Gas jeweils sofort gezündet.A burner is also known in which a gas supply pipe is arranged coaxially within a burner pipe, air being able to be introduced into the burner pipe via a lateral connection, in such a way that the air flow within the burner pipe gives a swirl around the gas supply pipe becomes. The burner tube extends somewhat beyond the gas feed tube in the axial direction. The gas supply pipe forms a gas supply channel that fills its entire cross section. At its end, the gas supply tube forms a central, throttling outlet nozzle. The gas feed pipe also carries a radial flange upstream of this outlet nozzle. Lateral gas outlet openings are provided in the gas supply pipe upstream of the radial flange. The air flow builds up on the radial flange. The throttling outlet nozzle causes a certain gas jam in front of this nozzle. Gas therefore enters through the lateral gas outlet openings into the calming zone formed upstream of the radial flange. The gas-air mixture formed there creates a holding flame that burns around the radial flange and prevents the flame from lifting when there are high gas and air flows. The escaping gas is ignited immediately by the flame.

Tunnelbrenner der eingangs genannten Art werden benutzt zur Antemperung von Schmelzöfen. Dabei geht es um folgendes:

  • Schmelzöfen, z.B. für Glasschmelzen, sind mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung versehen. Diese feuerfeste Auskleidung besteht aus feuerfesten Steinen, die zur Auskleidung des Schmelzofens aneinandergesetzt werden. Die Steine müssen dann in einem Antemperungsprozeß langsam auf die Betriebstemperatur der Glasschmelze aufgeheizt werden, wobei ein Sinterungsprozeß stattfindet, bei welchem sind die Steine zu einer durchgehenden Auskleidung miteinander verbinden. Dieser Antemperungsprozeß, der mehrere Tage dauert, erfordert eine langsame und genau kontrollierte Temperaturerhöhung praktisch von warmer Zimmertemperatur bis zu der endgültigen Betriebstemperatur, wobei einige bestimmte Temperaturen, bei denen der Sinterungsprozeß stattfindet, nach einem vorgegebenen Programm über längere Zeit gehalten werden. Das bedeutet, daß der Brenner zunächst mit einem sehr großen Luftüberschuß betrieben werden muß, so daß die Luftmenge mit der Verbrennungswärme der zunächst relativ dazu kleinen Gasmenge nur wenig erwärmt wird. Im Verlaufe des Antemperungsprozesses wird dann die Gasmenge kontrolliert auf die der Luftmenge entsprechenden Menge erhöht. Dabei wird mit recht hohen Luftmengen gearbeitet, damit durch die Verwirbelung der heißen Luft in dem Schmelzofen oder Schmelztiegel eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung des Schmelzofens oder Schmelztiegels stattfindet.
Tunnel burners of the type mentioned at the outset are used to anneal melting furnaces. It is about the following:
  • Melting furnaces, for example for glass melts, are provided with a refractory lining. This refractory lining consists of refractory bricks that are put together to line the furnace. The stones then have to be slowly heated to the operating temperature of the glass melt in a tempering process, a sintering process taking place in which the stones are connected to form a continuous lining. This annealing process, which lasts for several days, requires a slow and precisely controlled temperature increase practically from warm room temperature to the final operating temperature, with some specific temperatures at which the sintering process takes place being maintained over a long period according to a predetermined program. This means that the burner must first be operated with a very large excess of air, so that the amount of air is only slightly heated with the heat of combustion of the initially small amount of gas. In the course of the tempering process, the amount of gas is then increased in a controlled manner to the amount corresponding to the amount of air. This involves working with quite large amounts of air so that the swirling of the hot air in the melting furnace or crucible results in uniform heating of the melting furnace or crucible.

Man muß anstreben, daß das Gas in einer relativ kurzen Flamme möglich vollständig verbrannt wird. Flamme ist dabei die Zone, in welcher eine chemische Reaktion zwischen dem Gas und der Verbrennungsluft stattfindet. Wenn durch ungenügende Vermischung von Gas und Luft das Gas nicht vollständig verbrannt wird, dann kann sich in dem Schmelzofen oder Schmelztiegel unverbranntes Gas ansammeln und zu einer Verpuffung führen. Das kann auch geschehen, wenn die Flamme so lang ist, daß sie sich bis zu der gegenüberliegenden Wandung des Schmelzofens oder Schmelztiegels erstreckt. Außerdem würde in einem solchen Falle die Erwärmung ungleichmäßig. Die Flamme sollte nur innerhalb einer in dem Brennergehäuses nur heiße luft und Abgase nen, während aus der Austrittsöffnung des Brennergehäuses nur heiße Luft und Abgas austreten.One must strive for the gas to be burned completely in a relatively short flame. The flame is the zone in which a chemical reaction takes place between the gas and the combustion air. If the gas is not completely burned due to insufficient mixing of gas and air, unburned gas can accumulate in the melting furnace or crucible and lead to an explosion. This can also happen if the flame is so long that it extends to the opposite wall of the melting furnace or crucible. In addition, the heating would become uneven in such a case. The flame should only contain hot air and exhaust gases only within one in the burner housing, while only hot air and exhaust gas emerge from the outlet opening of the burner housing.

Das ist sehr schwer zu erreichen, da, wie gesagt, ein hoher Durchsatz von Gas und Luft stattfindet, wobei der hohe Luftdurchsatz auf jeden Fall gegeben ist.This is very difficult to achieve because, as I said, there is a high throughput of gas and air, and the high air throughput is definitely there.

Die Gasmenge wird in sehr weiten Grenzen reguliert. Dabei darf die Flamme nicht zu lang werden. Sie darf auch nicht abheben oder erlöschen.The amount of gas is regulated within very wide limits. The flame must not be too long. It must also not take off or go out.

Um einen Tunnelbrenner zur Antemperung von Schmelzöfen oder Schmelztiegeln zu schaffen, bei welchem in einer kurzen, innerhalb einer Brennkammer im Brennergehäuse brennenden Flamme eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung des Gases stattfindet und bei welchem dabei durch Regelung der Gaszufuhr in weiten Grenzen die Temperatur der austretenden großen Luft- und Abgasmengen zwischen "Warmluft" und hohen Betriebstemperaturen veränderbar ist, ist in der unter Aktikel 54(3) fallenden europäischen Patentanmeldung 78 10 18 80.9 vom 30.12.1978 (EP-A-0 012 778) ein Tunnelbrenner beschrieben, der gekennzeichnet ist, durch die Kombination der nachstehenden Merkmale:

  • (a) Das Gaszufuhrrohr bildet einen seinen gesamten Querschnitt ausfüllenden Gaszufuhrkanals und an seinem Ende eine zentrale, drosselnde Auslaßdüse und trägt einen Radialflansch stromauf von dieser Auslaßdüse, und stromauf von dem Radialflansch sind in dem Gaszufuhrrohr seitliche Gasaustrittsöffnungen vorgesehen.
  • (b) Der Anschluß steht im wesentlichen ungedrosselt mit dem Ringraum zwischen Gaszufuhrrohr und Brennergehäuse in Verbindung.
  • (c) In der einem Kegelstumpfförmigen Teil des Brennergehäuses zwischen der Auslaßdüse und der Austrittsöffnung gebildeten Brennkammer sind vermischungsfördernde Strömungsleitkörper voraesehen.
In order to create a tunnel burner for the tempering of melting furnaces or crucibles, in which the most complete possible combustion of the gas takes place in a short flame burning within a combustion chamber in the burner housing and in which the temperature of the large air escaping is regulated within wide limits by regulating the gas supply. and exhaust gas quantities can be changed between "warm air" and high operating temperatures, a tunnel burner is described in European patent application 78 10 18 80.9 of December 30, 1978 (EP-A-0 012 778), which is characterized by the combination of the following features:
  • (a) The gas supply pipe forms a gas supply channel which fills its entire cross section and at its end a central, throttling outlet nozzle and carries a radial flange upstream of this outlet nozzle, and upstream of the radial flange there are lateral gas outlet openings in the gas supply pipe.
  • (b) The connection is essentially unthrottled in connection with the annular space between the gas supply pipe and the burner housing.
  • (c) In a frustoconical part of the burner housing between the outlet nozzle and the outlet opening The combustion chamber is provided with mixing-promoting flow directors.

Durch den Radialflansch am Gaszufuhrrohr wird bei dieser zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Anordnung eine Halteflamme erzeugt, die ein Abheben der Flamme von der Auslaßdüse auch bei hohen Gasgeschwindigkeiten verhindert. Über die zentrale Auslaßdüse tritt ein gerader zentraler Gasstrom aus. Um diesen zentralen Gasstrom herum wird ein starker ungedrosselter Luftstrom erzeugt. Durch vermischungsfördernde Strömungsleitkörper wird sichergestellt, daß innerhalb der Brennkammer eine Verwirbelung und Vermischung von Gas und Luft stattfindet und somit innerhalb der Brennkammer die Verbrennungsreaktion vollständig ablaufen kann. Damit wird eine kurze, im wesentlichen innerhalb der Brennkammer gebildete Flamme erzeugt. Aus der Austrittsöffnung tritt ein inniges Gemisch von Luft und Abgasen aus, welches eine Gleichmäßige Temperatur entsprechend der Heizleistung des zugeführten und verbrannten Gases besitzt.The radial flange on the gas supply pipe in this arrangement, which belongs to the prior art, generates a holding flame which prevents the flame from being lifted off the outlet nozzle even at high gas speeds. A straight, central gas stream emerges from the central outlet nozzle. A strong, unthrottled air flow is generated around this central gas flow. Mixing-promoting flow guide bodies ensure that swirling and mixing of gas and air takes place within the combustion chamber and that the combustion reaction can therefore take place completely within the combustion chamber. This creates a short flame that is essentially formed within the combustion chamber. An intimate mixture of air and exhaust gases emerges from the outlet opening and has a uniform temperature corresponding to the heating power of the supplied and burned gas.

Dieser Brenner erfordert noch eine relativ lange Brennkammer, in welcher die Vermischung und Verwirbelung von Gas und Luft stattfindet.This burner still requires a relatively long combustion chamber in which the mixing and swirling of gas and air takes place.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brenner der eingangs definierten Art so auszubilden, daß durch andere Mittel, also nicht durch Leitschaufeln o.dgl. in der Brennkammer, eine innige Vermischung von Gas und Luft und eine Verbrennung mit kurzer Flamme gewährleistet ist, wobei ebenfalls sichergestellt ist, daß der Brenner über einen großen Bereich des Gasdurchsatzes, also über einen großen Bereich der Heizleistung hinweg, einwandfrei arbeitet.The invention has for its object to design a burner of the type defined in such a way that by other means, not by guide vanes or the like. in the combustion chamber, an intimate mixing of gas and air and a combustion with a short flame is guaranteed, whereby it is also ensured that the burner works properly over a large range of gas throughput, ie over a large range of heating power.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der ringförmige Ansatz von einem am Ende des Gaszufuhrrohres sitzenden, gleichachsig zu diesem angeordneten und radial über das Gaszufuhrrohr vorspringenden, flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse gebildet ist, welches

  • (a) von einem Kranz rohrförmiger, sich von der Unterseite seitlich des Gaszufuhrrohres zur Oberseite erstreckender Kanäle durchsetzt ist,
  • (b) auf der Oberseite um jeden dieser Kanäle herum einen Kranz von engen Gasaustrittsöffnungen aufweist und
  • (c) auf der Oberseite weiterhin eine zentrale, mit dem Gaszufuhrrohr fluchtenden Gasaustrittsöffnung besitzt.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the annular extension is formed by a flat-cylindrical housing which is seated at the end of the gas supply pipe and is arranged coaxially with it and projects radially beyond the gas supply pipe
  • (a) is penetrated by a ring of tubular channels extending from the underside laterally of the gas supply pipe to the top,
  • (b) has a ring of narrow gas outlet openings on the top around each of these channels and
  • (c) on the upper side also has a central gas outlet opening aligned with the gas supply pipe.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch eine solche Ausbildung des Brenners die gestellte Aufgabe gelöst werden kann.It has been shown that the task can be solved by such a design of the burner.

Das dürfte auf folgende Weise zu erklären sein: das durch die seitlichen Gasaustrittsöffnungen des Gaszufuhrrohres stromauf von dem flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse austretende Gas vermischt sich mit der Luft, die vor dem Gehäuse gestaut wird und durch die Kanäle austritt, welche das flach-zylindrische Gehäuse durchsetzen. Dabei wird schon eine innige Mischung von Gas und Luft erzeugt. Die durch die Kanäle hindurchtretende Gas-Luft-Säule, die gegenüber dem übrigen hohen Luftdurchsatz schon gebremst ist und daher weniger zum Abheben neigt, wird weiterhin durch die Flammen gehalten, die auf den um die Kanäle herum gebildeten Kränzen von engen Gasaustrittsöffnungen brennen. Hier tritt eine weitere Vermischung von Gas und Luft aus. Die zentrale Austrittsöffnung liefert weiterhin einen zentralen Gasstrahl, der einen großen Gasdurchsatz gestattet. Dieser zentrale Gasdurchsatz wird durch die darum herum brennenden Flammen und die zwischen diesen Flammen einwärts gezogene Luft ebenfalls gut mit Luft gemischt, so daß das Gas in einer relativ kurzen Flamme vollständig verbrannt wird. Es ergibt sich so eine Anordnung, bei welcher die Flamme auch bei hohen Heizleistungen, also großem Gasdurchsatz, weder abhebt noch durch die zugeführte Luft ausgeblasen wird. Die verschiedenen Gasaustrittsöffnungen gestatten dabei diesen großen Gasdurchsatz. Bei kleinem Gasdurchsatz sinkt der Druck innerhalb des Gaszufuhrrohres ab. Da der Luftstrom unveränder bleibt und vor dem flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse ein Staudruck entsteht, kehrt sich die Strömung an den seitlichen Gasaustrittsöffnungen bei Unterschreiten eines bestimmten Gasdurchsatzes um. Es strömt dann Luft von außen durch die seitlichen "Gasaustrittsoffnungen" in das Gaszufuhrrohr ein und vermischt sich mit dem Gas schon in dem Gaszufuhrrohr, wodurch auch unter diesen Bedingungen eine einwandfreie brennende Flamme auf der zentralen Gasaustrittsöffnung gewährleistet ist.This can be explained in the following way: the gas emerging through the lateral gas outlet openings of the gas supply pipe upstream of the flat-cylindrical housing mixes with the air which is stowed in front of the housing and exits through the channels which pass through the flat-cylindrical housing . This creates an intimate mixture of gas and air. The gas-air column passing through the channels, which is already braked in relation to the remaining high air throughput and therefore has less tendency to lift off, is still held by the flames that burn on the rings of narrow gas outlet openings formed around the channels. A further mixing of gas and air occurs here. The central outlet opening also provides a central gas jet, which allows a large gas throughput. This central gas flow is also mixed well with air by the flames burning around it and the air drawn in between these flames, so that the gas is completely burned in a relatively short flame. The result is an arrangement in which the flame neither lifts off nor is blown out by the supplied air, even with high heating outputs, ie high gas throughput. The various gas outlet openings allow this large gas throughput. With a small gas throughput, the pressure inside the gas supply pipe drops. Since the air flow remains unchanged and back pressure builds up in front of the flat-cylindrical housing, the flow reverses at the side gas outlet openings when the gas flow falls below a certain level. Air then flows in from the outside through the lateral “gas outlet openings” into the gas feed pipe and mixes with the gas already in the gas feed pipe, as a result of which a perfect burning flame is guaranteed on the central gas outlet opening even under these conditions.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Brenner.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt in einem Schnitt A-A von Fig. 3 den oberen Teil des Gaszufuhrrohres mit dem flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse.
  • Fig. 3 zeigt einen Schnitt B-B von Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den Brenner von Fig. 1 mit der Oberseite des flach-zylindrischen Gehäuses.
The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings:
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a section AA of Fig. 3, the upper part of the gas supply pipe with the flat-cylindrical housing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section BB from FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of the burner of Fig. 1 with the top of the flat-cylindrical housing.

Der Brenner enthält ein mantelförmiges Brennergehäuse 10, welches eine Austrittsöffnung 12 bildet. Koaxial zu dem Brennergehäuse ist eine Gaszufuhrrohr 14 vorgesehen. An dem der Austrittsöffnung 12 abgewandten Ende des Brennergehäuses 10 ist ein Anschluß 16 zum Anschluß an (nicht dargestellte) Luftzufuhrmittel vorgesehen. Der Anschluß 16 steht mit dem zwischen Gaszufuhrrohr 14 und Brennergehäuse 10 gebildeten Ringraum 18 im wesentlichen ungedrosselt in Verbindung. Das Gaszufuhrrohr 10 weist an seinem einlaßseitigen Ende einen Krümmer 20 auf und ist dann seitlich aus dem Brennergehäuse 10 herausgeführt.The burner contains a jacket-shaped burner housing 10, which forms an outlet opening 12. A gas supply pipe 14 is provided coaxially with the burner housing. At the end of the burner housing 10 facing away from the outlet opening 12, a connection 16 is provided for connection to air supply means (not shown). The connection 16 is in the annular space 18 formed between the gas supply pipe 14 and the burner housing 10 essentially unthrottled in connection. The gas supply pipe 10 has a bend 20 at its inlet end and is then guided out of the side of the burner housing 10.

Das Gaszufuhrrohr 14 weist an seinem Ende einen radial vorstehenden, ringförmigen Ansatz 22 auf. Stromauf von diesem Ansatz sind in dem Gaszufuhrrohr 14 seitliche Gasaustrittsöffnungen 24 vorgesehen.The gas supply pipe 14 has a radially projecting, annular extension 22 at its end. Upstream of this approach, lateral gas outlet openings 24 are provided in the gas supply pipe 14.

Dieser ringförmige Ansatz 22 wird von einem am Ende des Gaszufuhrrohres 14 sitzenden, gleichachsig zu diesem angeordneten und radial über das Gaszufuhrrohr vorspringenden, flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse 26 gebildet. Diese Gehäuse 26 ist von einem Kranz rohrförmiger, sich von der Unterseite 28 seitlich des Gaszufuhrrohres 14 zur Oberseite 30 erstreckender Kanäle 32, 34, 36 durchsetzt. Auf der Oberseite 30 weist das Gehäuse 26 um jeden dieser Kanäle 32, 34, 36 herum je einen Kranz 38, 40, 42 von engen Gesaustrittsöffnungen auf. Weiterhin besitzt das Gehäuse 26 auf der Oberseite 28 eine zentrale, mit dem Gaszufuhrrohr 14 fluchtende Gasaustrittsöffnung 44. Der Querschnitt der zentralen Gasaustrittsöffnung 44 ist deutlich kleiner als der Querschnitt jedes der das Gehäuse 26 durchsetzenden Kanäle 32, 34, 36. Bei dem dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Gehäuse 26 von drei Kanälen 32, 34, 36 durchsetzt, die um 120° gegeneinander winkelversetzt um die Achse des Gaszufuhrrohres 14 herum angeordnet ist.This ring-shaped extension 22 is formed by a flat-cylindrical housing 26 which is seated at the end of the gas supply pipe 14 and is arranged coaxially with it and projects radially beyond the gas supply pipe. This housing 26 is penetrated by a ring of tubular channels 32, 34, 36 which extend from the bottom 28 laterally of the gas supply pipe 14 to the top 30. On the top 30, the housing 26 has around each of these channels 32, 34, 36 a ring 38, 40, 42 of narrow vents. Furthermore, the housing 26 has on the top 28 a central gas outlet opening 44 aligned with the gas supply pipe 14. The cross section of the central gas outlet opening 44 is significantly smaller than the cross section of each of the channels 32, 34, 36 passing through the housing 26. In the preferred exemplary embodiment shown the housing 26 is penetrated by three channels 32, 34, 36, which is arranged at 120 ° to one another at an angle around the axis of the gas supply pipe 14.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, weist das Brennergehäuse 10 dicht stromab von dem auf dem Gaszufuhrrohr 14 sitzenden, flach-zylindrischen Gehäuse 26 einen kegelstumpfförmig nach innen verlaufenden Abschnitt 46 und sich daran anschließend ein die Austrittsöffnung 12 bildendes zylindrisches Endstück 48 auf. Durch diese Ausbildung des Brennergehäuses 10 wird der durch den Ringraum 18 fleißende Luftstrom stromab von dem Gehäuse 26 im Bereich der Flammen einwärtsgelenkt, wodurch die Vermischung der Brenngase mit der Luft weiter verbessert werden.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the burner housing 10 has a section 46 running inwardly in the shape of a truncated cone inward, closely downstream of the flat-cylindrical housing 26 seated on the gas supply pipe 14, and then has a cylindrical end piece 48 forming the outlet opening 12. This configuration of the burner housing 10 directs the air flow flowing through the annular space 18 inward downstream of the housing 26 in the area of the flames, as a result of which the mixing of the fuel gases with the air is further improved.

Claims (4)

1. Gas heated burner for warming-up melting ovens or melting crucibles, comprising:
a jacket-shaped burner housing, which forms an outlet opening.
a gas supply tube arranged coaxial to the burner housing and having its outlet restricted by restrictor means, which tube, at its end, carries a radially extending, annular projection and has lateral gas outlet openings upstream of this projection, and
a port at the end of the burner housing remote from the outlet opening for connection to air supply means, which port substantially unrestrictedly communicates with the annulus between gas supply tube and burner housing, characterized in that the annular projection is a flat-cylindrical housing (26) located at the end of the gas supply tube (14) arranged coaxial thereto and projecting radially from the gas supply tube (14) which housing
(a) is penetrated by an annular array of tubular passages extending from the bottom face (28), laterally of the gas supply tube (14), to the top face (30),
(b) has annular arrays (38, 40, 42) of narrow gas outlet openings in the top face (30) around each of these passages (32, 34, 36) and
(c) furthermore has a central gas outlet opening (44) in the top face (30) aligned with the gas supply tube (14)
2. Burner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cross sectional area of the central gas outlet opening (44) is noticeably smaller than the cross sectional area of each of the passages (32, 34, 36) penetrating the housing (26).
3. Burner as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the housing is penetrated by three passages which are arranged about the axis of the gas supply tube (14) and angularly spaced by 120°.
4. Burner as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the burner housing (10), closely downstream of the flat-cylindrical housing (26) provided on the gas supply tube (14), has a frusto-conical, tapering section (46) and an adjacent cylindrical end piece (48) forming the outlet opening.
EP19790100324 1979-02-03 1979-02-03 Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles Expired EP0014221B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19790100324 EP0014221B1 (en) 1979-02-03 1979-02-03 Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles
DE7979100324T DE2965172D1 (en) 1979-02-03 1979-02-03 Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19790100324 EP0014221B1 (en) 1979-02-03 1979-02-03 Gas heated tunnel burner for raising the temperature in melting furnaces or crucibles

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EP0014221A1 EP0014221A1 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0014221B1 true EP0014221B1 (en) 1983-04-13

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DE (1) DE2965172D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2592941B1 (en) * 1986-01-14 1988-05-06 Usinor Aciers PREHEATING BURNER
US5863192A (en) * 1995-04-19 1999-01-26 Tokyo Gas Company, Ltd. Low nitrogen oxides generating method and apparatus
JPH09137916A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-27 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Low nitrogen oxide generation combustion method and device therefor
DE10205839B4 (en) 2002-02-13 2011-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd. Premix burner for reducing combustion-driven vibrations in combustion systems
WO2023093554A1 (en) * 2021-11-23 2023-06-01 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Gas-air mixing structure and burner

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191111390A (en) * 1911-05-11 1912-05-02 Hugh Ernest Tollemache Improvements in Burners for Combustible Vapours and Gases.
US1440614A (en) * 1921-12-31 1923-01-02 Lee B Mettler Gas burner
US2854068A (en) * 1955-10-17 1958-09-30 Siemon Mfg Company Nozzle for gas burners
NL290637A (en) * 1963-03-07
US3275057A (en) * 1964-07-01 1966-09-27 Hotwork Ltd Tunnel burners
GB1140561A (en) * 1964-11-10 1969-01-22 Gas Council Improvements in tunnel mixing burners
DE1936545A1 (en) * 1969-07-18 1971-01-28 Konink Nl Hoogovens En Staalfa Metallurgical and/or ceramic gas burner
DE2115015A1 (en) * 1971-03-27 1972-09-28 Frohn, Josef, 5100 Aachen Gas burner nozzle with baffle plate for shrink packaging devices
IT989199B (en) * 1973-06-15 1975-05-20 O F R Spa COMBUSTION HEAD FOR GASEOUS FUEL BURNERS WITH SPACE LOCALLY LOCATED CONCENTRATION GRADIENT STABILIZATION
DE2548790A1 (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-05 Gaswaerme Inst E V Universal type burner for town gas - has gas meeting air supply between pair of perforated plates
HU175769B (en) * 1977-02-17 1980-10-28 Koennyueipari Szereloe Es Epit Mixing device of gaseous combustion medium

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DE2965172D1 (en) 1983-05-19

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