EP0014121A1 - Mikrowellen-Heizvorrichtung - Google Patents

Mikrowellen-Heizvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014121A1
EP0014121A1 EP19800400045 EP80400045A EP0014121A1 EP 0014121 A1 EP0014121 A1 EP 0014121A1 EP 19800400045 EP19800400045 EP 19800400045 EP 80400045 A EP80400045 A EP 80400045A EP 0014121 A1 EP0014121 A1 EP 0014121A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
enclosure
microwave energy
beams
microwave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19800400045
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0014121B1 (de
Inventor
Jerome R. White
Jacques Thuery
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JD Technologie AG
Original Assignee
JD Technologie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JD Technologie AG filed Critical JD Technologie AG
Publication of EP0014121A1 publication Critical patent/EP0014121A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0014121B1 publication Critical patent/EP0014121B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/72—Radiators or antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair

Definitions

  • the present invention relates t'o microwave heating apparatus and particularly to high power heating apparatus for processing material moved by conveyor through a microwave chamber.
  • Magnetrons of such high power have a narrow limitation on the allowable amount of power that may reenter them, either as a reflection of the magnetrons' own output or as "cross-talk" from other magnetrons in the system. It has been suggested by some to use circulators to avoid this problem; however, circulators are relatively expensive and they do not solve other problems that accompany high power delivery into a microwave chamber. Also, where vacuum drying is carried on simultaneously with microwave heating, it is very difficult to prevent ionization of gas in the chamber by the microwave electric fields. Ionization permits arcing that wastes the microwave energy and, it can also degrade the quality of the process material and is generally destructive of the apparatus.
  • Some of the objects of the present invention are to overcome these-problems of uniform high power, continuous heating, reflection into the magnetrons, as well as cross-talk. Another object is to reduce ionization and arcing problems where microwaves are used within an evacuated chamber.
  • the uniform distribution of continuous high microwave p was into the process material is accomplished by launching, preferably at regular places along the inside of the chamber, defined beams of circularly polarized microwave radiation, each beam being directed to illuminate a prescribed portion of the process material or a prescribed area through which the process material is moved.
  • Microwave beams are weaker near their edges than at the center and so they are overlapped to compensate for this and provide illumination that is essentially uniform across the width of the path of the process material. Overlapping may also be effective to compensate for non-uniform distribution of the process material on the conveyor.
  • the illumination does not depend upon the use of mode stirrers or turntables or any other equipment designed to reflect the microwave energy about the chamber and it does not depend particularly upon the geometry of the chamber. It permits the chamber to be designed in view of the pressure or vacuum conditions of operation. For example, it permits a long cylindrical chamber which is the preferred shape for withstanding vacuum and still provide for the continuous processing of the subject materials on a conveyor belt.
  • a structure is provided so that the peak values of electric fields of the microwave energy at a window where the microwave energy enters the chamber from the ambient pressure exterior are severly limited.
  • high intensity microwave electric fields are produced at the "bottle neck" where the microwave is transmitted from the ambient exterior region through some sort of microwave transparent, pressure withstanding window, into the evacuated interior of the chamber.
  • the intensity of the electric fields is usually much lower and ionization problems are reduced.
  • a cylindrical microwave chamber is provided through which a conveyor belt moves the process material at about the center ' of the cylinder.
  • a conveyor belt moves the process material at about the center ' of the cylinder.
  • beacons launch beams of microwave energy into the chamber, directed toward the process material.
  • Each beacon beam illuminates a prescribed area of the conveyor belt and the beams overlap particularly along the center of the belt so as to produce a uniform or an intentionally "tailored" heating pattern.
  • the configuration of each beam is formed by a dielectric lens that intercepts the microwave energy just before-it enters the chamber through the window and focuses and directs the beam toward the conveyor.
  • the radiation is formed by the lens and launched directly at the process material, impinging upon the material at the "first pass".
  • Another design feature that contributes to uniform heating is to provide separate microwave power sources for the beacons that are not mutually coherent.
  • each of the individual beams is generated outside of the chamber,shaped by the lens and launched into the chamber through a transparent window at the chamber wall.
  • a transparent window at the chamber wall.
  • the window is a half wave length of the microwave in thickness to minimize reflections from the window.
  • the area of the window is made as large as practical, the beam launched through it is predominantly TE mode waves rather than TM mode waves and is essentially a single mode beam rather than a mixture of modes ' and the single mode is circularly polarized.
  • One advantage of circular polarization is that twice as much power is transmitted as for a plane polarized beam for a given peak value of the microwave electric field.
  • Vertical orientation of the beacons on top of the cylindrical chamber also facilitates changing the axis of a beacon so that the beam therefrom can be directed to one side or the other of vertical and so pointed as needed at oneregion or another of the conveyor.
  • the vertical orientation of beacons can be along the axial plane of symmetry of the cylindrical chamber and conveyor therein; or the beacons can be set off to either side of that plane by the effect of a prism lens, and send skewed beams toward the conveyor.
  • the skewed beam does not define a figure of revolution and does not illuminate the conveyor uniformally everywhere it strikes, but equal skewed beams from opposite sides of that plane can balance each other and even provide combined illumination that is uniform across the conveyor.
  • the chamber is defined by the chamber wall 12 that is electrically conductive. It is cylindrical in shape, because that shape is intrinsically strong and best able to withstand the pressures produced on the chamber when it is evacuated as, for example, in a microwave heating and vacuum drying process.
  • a conveyor belt 21 Within the chamber is a conveyor belt 21, a section of which is shown in the Figures, positioned substantially at the center of the chamber and exterding longitudinally therethrough.
  • the conveyor belt carries the process material 22 usually distributed evenly along and across the belt.
  • each beam coming from a different beacon and directed to a specific area of the belt (presuming the belt to be stationary for the moment).
  • the spatial arrangement of the beams is regular; they are uniformly spaced longitudinally along the belt in pairs, each pair including the left beam and the right beam (as viewed in the direction of the moving belt - Fig. 1).
  • the arrangement of the beams along the chamber is symmetrical about the plane defined by line 23 shown in Figure 1.
  • each beam is preferably of substantially uniform intcnsity across the beam and is circularly polarized. Furthermore, where the beams enter the cylindrical chamber, defined by walls 12, through an opening 13 in the chamber, the beam substantially completely fills that opening. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the beams are defined by broken lines and are denoted 24, 26 and 23 along the left side of the chamber 25, 27 and 29 along the right side of the chamber. Each beam preferably overlaps the adjacent beams and so insures that along this microwave heating section of the chamber substantially the whole area of the conveyor belt 21 is illuminated by the-beacons. Furthermore, by overlapping the beams, the tendency is to compensate for the reduced intensity of radiation at the edges of the beams.
  • each of the beams is from a different beacon or source wherein the microwave energy is generated, converted to a linearly polarized TE mode, then converted to circular polarization, spread, redirected and launched into the chamber.
  • the separate beacons or sources, denoted 34, 36 and 38 on the left side and 35, 37 and 39 on the right (one for each beam), may be constructed substantially identical to each other as a matter of convenience.
  • each beam is derived from a different beacon or source and there is no phase coherence between the beams so, ag;tin, there is no need for mode stirrers within the chamber.
  • beacons or sources 34 through 39 are produced by beacons or sources 34 through 39 respectively. These beacons may be constructed substantially all the same and so only one of them, beacon 34 is described in detail herein below.
  • the beacon generator consists of a microwave power source and polarization convertor and a microwave beam forming assembly which includes a sealed transparent dielectric window in the chamber and a dielectric lens.
  • the microwave power source is magnet:ron 1.
  • the coaxial output section 2 from the magnetron feeds a standard wave guide section 3, also called a launcher, that launches the microwave energy into the polarizing and beam forming portions of the beacon generator.
  • the polarizing section of the beacon includes a quarter wave length transformer section 5 between the launcher 3 and the polarization converter 6.
  • the converter 6 consists of a square waveguide and means, denoted 7, within the square waveguide for converting linearly polarized radiation from the launcher into circularly polarized radiation.
  • the microwave radiation flowing out of the convertor 6 is circularly polarized and flows into the beam forming section of the beacon at the square top end of conical wave guide coupling 8 that transforms to the conical shape at the bottom end thereof and contains a dielectric lens 9 at the wide circular bottom end thereof.
  • the lens is immediately adjacent and above the dielectric window 10 that is larger diameter than the lens and seals to holder 19 that, in turr, seals to cylindrical channel 11, connected directly to an opering 13 in the wall of the chamber 12.
  • Suitable flanges at 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 connect these various parts and sections together as shown in the Figures. All of these flanges must provide contiguous conductive connections between the parts to insure ideal operation without arcing or leakage of microwave energy or mode transformation.
  • flange 18 must seal against the vacuum within the chamber when the equipment is used for vacuum drying and microwave heating and, as mentioned above, the window must be sealed to its holder 19.
  • the curve 9a of the dielectric lens, the electrical thickness of the dielectric window 10 and the dimensions of the cylindrical chimney 11 are all designed to produce the particular beam direction and shape that is desired. More particularly, it is - generally desired that the beam 24 from beacon 34 be directed to uniformly illuminate an area of the conveyor 21 that begins at the outside edge 21a of the conveyor and extends across the conveyor past the center at 21b. Similarly, beacon 35 produces - the beam 25 that uniformly illuminates the conveyor from the opposite edge 21c somewhat past the middle at 21b; and so at the middle, the two beams 24 and 25 overlap to some extent. This insures complete illumination from side 21a to side 21b of the conveyor.
  • Beacon 35 can be constructed identical to beacon 34, but would be a mirror image of it, as viewed in Figure 1. Thus, these beacons tend to produce beams directed radially inward from the edge of the cylindrical chamber 12 toward the center of the chamber and the subsequent pairs of beacons, 36 and 37 and 38 and 39 do the same.
  • beacons 34, 36 and 38 can be constructed identical to each other and beacons 35, 37 and.39 can be constructed identical to each other and the even numbered beacons are mirror images of the odd numbered beacons.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show details of construction of the polarization converter 6. It consists of a square wave guide sertion 6a in which are mounted dielectric plates 7a and 7b contiguous to each other across a diagonal of the square. These plates are longitudinally staggered along the length of the square wave guide. They are the same length, (L1 plus L2) and one is staggered ahead of the other by the dimensions L2. L1 is of such a length that: where and m is greater than n.
  • the dielectric prism lens 9 may be constructed as illustrated by Figures 5, 6 and 7.
  • the experimentally shaped curve 9a of this lens is established by a stack of dielectric plates 9a to 9j, shown in the side cross section view by Figures 5 and a plan view by Figures 7.
  • the purpose of the dielectric lens in the beacon is to form and direct the beam launched from the conical wave guide 8, skewed toward the center of the chamber.
  • This prism lens structure is clearly not a figure of revolution about the beacon axis 30. It is symmetrical with . respect to the plane through the beacon axis, perpendicular to the chamber axis.
  • the thickness of this lens varies around the edge or periphery of the stack. Thus, it is generally prism- shaped. It is thicker at the inside edge toward the chamber plane of symmetry 23, than at its edge away from plane 23.
  • the effect of this lens is to form or focus the beam so that it is directional and direct it to one side of the beacon axis 30, toward the center 21b of the conveyor in the chamber.
  • the dielectric lens is immediately adjacent dielectric window 10.
  • the thickness D 10 of the window is one half wave length of the microwave radiation in the dielectric material of which tte window is made.
  • the conical wave guide connects to the dielectric window by flange 17 and the window connects to the cylindrical chimney 11 by flange 18.
  • the window seals to the chimney by an 0-ring gasket vacuum seal 20 and so the interior of the chamber is vacuum sealed from the exterior ambient and is also sealed from the beacon structure.
  • the holder 19 provides electrical continuity between the wide end of the conical wave guide and the cylindrical chimney 11.-
  • .microwave currents conducted by the conical wave guide 8, holder 19 and chimney 11 bound the propagating fields of the microwave energy that flows into the cylindrical treatment chamber 12, and is launched as the beam 24.
  • the beam of microwave radiation is substartially all in a single TE mode, circularly polarized and fully blankets the dielectric window.
  • the instantaneous peak value of the microwave electric field at the dielectric window on the vacuum side (the chamber side) is maintained low. It is maintained sufficiently low that is does not cause ionization of the gas inside the chamber even at the low operating pressures desirable for vacuum drying.
  • FIG. 8 Another dielectric lens structure is shown by Figures 8 and 9.
  • This structure is symmetrical with respect to all planes through the beacon axis 30. It defines a figure of revolution about the axis 30 and so the axis of the pattern of radiation that defines the beam issuing from this lens is a continuation of the axis 30.
  • This lens is spherical and has no prism. Using this lens to direct the beam toward the center of the conveyor may require that the beacon be located or oriented with its axis toward the center of the conveyor and so the beacon axis would be substantially axial with respect to the cylindrical chamber in which the center of the conveyor is at the center of the chamber cylinder.
  • Beacons each with a lens constructed as in Figures 8 and 9 are preferably all in line along the cylindrical chamber directly above the conveyor and so all such beacons would have the beacon axis in the symmetrical plane 23 of the cylindrical chamber.
  • This lens is made up of a stack of dielectric plates 31a,.b, c and d each being ring-shaped. The outer peripheries of these plates are all about the same and their inner peripheries are successively larger and so the stack defines the dielectric lens curve 32 and focuses the radiation into a rather narrow highly directional beam directed along the beacon axis 30.
  • the embodiment of the invention described hereinabove includes and incoroorates all of the features of the invention and this embodiment is capable of microwave heating of materials in a continuous process, while, at the same time, (or at least in the same chamber), exposing the materials to a low pressure for vacuum drying.
  • the apparatus is suitable for microwave heating and vacuum drying and many of t.he features of construction provide an advantage for both heating by microwave and vacuum drying.
  • some of these features can be applied in other equipments intended onlv for microwave heating and in processes that are not continuous, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP19800400045 1979-01-22 1980-01-14 Mikrowellen-Heizvorrichtung Expired EP0014121B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US518679A 1979-01-22 1979-01-22
US5186 1987-01-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0014121A1 true EP0014121A1 (de) 1980-08-06
EP0014121B1 EP0014121B1 (de) 1987-04-22

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ID=21714600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800400045 Expired EP0014121B1 (de) 1979-01-22 1980-01-14 Mikrowellen-Heizvorrichtung

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EP (1) EP0014121B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3071956D1 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2164796A (en) * 1981-09-17 1986-03-26 Itt Ind Ltd Semiconductor processing
WO1987004314A1 (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-16 STIFTELSEN INSTITUTET FÖR MIKROVA^oGSTEKNIK VID A microwave applicator
US4684776A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-08-04 Shell Oil Company Method and apparatus for uniform microwave bulk heating of thick viscous materials in a cavity
US4752663A (en) * 1986-03-06 1988-06-21 Quindicum Limited Counter-top microwave oven with horn and diffusing lens
EP1006758A1 (de) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-07 Linn High Therm Gmbh Fahrbare Mikrowellenheizeinrichtung
US6693266B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2004-02-17 Shunichi Yagi Microwave heating apparatus and method of heating objects
WO2005079116A2 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-25 Micro Heat Limited Mehod and apparatus for heating a fluidic load using radio frequency energy
DE102006034084A1 (de) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Muegge Electronic Gmbh Anordnung zur Konzentration von Mikrowellenenergie
DE102010053791A1 (de) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Mikrowellenquelle sowie Werkzeug umfassend eine Mikrowellenquelle
US9282594B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-03-08 Eastman Chemical Company Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system
US9316437B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2016-04-19 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2480682A (en) * 1946-09-21 1949-08-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave heating apparatus using circularly polarized horn
DE832026C (de) * 1948-10-02 1952-02-21 Siemens & Halske A G Aus Hohlleitern aufgebaute Linse fuer elektromagnetische Wellen
US2599864A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-06-10 Robertson-Shersby-Ha Rob Bruce Wave front modifying wave guide system
US2603741A (en) * 1946-12-12 1952-07-15 Goodrich Co B F High-frequency heating
US2801412A (en) * 1953-07-22 1957-07-30 Paul C Maybury Radio frequency antenna
FR2275961A1 (fr) * 1974-06-21 1976-01-16 Anvar Four tunnel a chauffage hyperfrequence
FR2284945A1 (fr) * 1974-09-16 1976-04-09 Philip Morris Inc Appareil a hyperfrequences a convoyeur de surete pour le transport de materiaux a traiter

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2599864A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-06-10 Robertson-Shersby-Ha Rob Bruce Wave front modifying wave guide system
US2480682A (en) * 1946-09-21 1949-08-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave heating apparatus using circularly polarized horn
US2603741A (en) * 1946-12-12 1952-07-15 Goodrich Co B F High-frequency heating
DE832026C (de) * 1948-10-02 1952-02-21 Siemens & Halske A G Aus Hohlleitern aufgebaute Linse fuer elektromagnetische Wellen
US2801412A (en) * 1953-07-22 1957-07-30 Paul C Maybury Radio frequency antenna
FR2275961A1 (fr) * 1974-06-21 1976-01-16 Anvar Four tunnel a chauffage hyperfrequence
FR2284945A1 (fr) * 1974-09-16 1976-04-09 Philip Morris Inc Appareil a hyperfrequences a convoyeur de surete pour le transport de materiaux a traiter

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2164796A (en) * 1981-09-17 1986-03-26 Itt Ind Ltd Semiconductor processing
US4684776A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-08-04 Shell Oil Company Method and apparatus for uniform microwave bulk heating of thick viscous materials in a cavity
WO1987004314A1 (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-16 STIFTELSEN INSTITUTET FÖR MIKROVA^oGSTEKNIK VID A microwave applicator
US4752663A (en) * 1986-03-06 1988-06-21 Quindicum Limited Counter-top microwave oven with horn and diffusing lens
EP1006758A1 (de) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-07 Linn High Therm Gmbh Fahrbare Mikrowellenheizeinrichtung
US6693266B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2004-02-17 Shunichi Yagi Microwave heating apparatus and method of heating objects
US6888114B2 (en) * 1999-05-28 2005-05-03 Shunichi Yagi Microwave heating method
WO2005079116A3 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-10-27 Micro Heat Ltd Mehod and apparatus for heating a fluidic load using radio frequency energy
WO2005079116A2 (en) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-25 Micro Heat Limited Mehod and apparatus for heating a fluidic load using radio frequency energy
DE102006034084A1 (de) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Muegge Electronic Gmbh Anordnung zur Konzentration von Mikrowellenenergie
DE102006034084B4 (de) 2006-07-20 2023-07-06 Muegge Gmbh Anordnung zur Konzentration von Mikrowellenenergie
US9316437B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2016-04-19 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials
US20160209114A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2016-07-21 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials
US9958203B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2018-05-01 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials
US10139160B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2018-11-27 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials
US10139161B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2018-11-27 Enwave Corporation Microwave vacuum-drying of organic materials
DE102010053791A1 (de) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Mikrowellenquelle sowie Werkzeug umfassend eine Mikrowellenquelle
US9282594B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-03-08 Eastman Chemical Company Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system
US9456473B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2016-09-27 Eastman Chemical Company Dual vessel chemical modification and heating of wood with optional vapor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0014121B1 (de) 1987-04-22
DE3071956D1 (en) 1987-05-27

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