EP0012752B1 - Short-circuiter for high direct currents - Google Patents

Short-circuiter for high direct currents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012752B1
EP0012752B1 EP19790900258 EP79900258A EP0012752B1 EP 0012752 B1 EP0012752 B1 EP 0012752B1 EP 19790900258 EP19790900258 EP 19790900258 EP 79900258 A EP79900258 A EP 79900258A EP 0012752 B1 EP0012752 B1 EP 0012752B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
short
movable
contacts
circuiter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790900258
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0012752A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Maupas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETABLISSEMENTS FOUILLERET SA
Original Assignee
Fouilleret Ets
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH217578A external-priority patent/CH618472A5/fr
Priority claimed from CH858078A external-priority patent/CH629331A5/en
Application filed by Fouilleret Ets filed Critical Fouilleret Ets
Publication of EP0012752A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012752A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012752B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012752B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
    • H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/62—Heating or cooling of contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/002—Very heavy-current switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/38—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts

Definitions

  • a mobile switch-disconnector called a short-circuiter
  • a short-circuiter capable of being electrically connected, in the "open” position, to the two production cells framing the cell to be short-circuited.
  • the short-circuiter supports the current of the installation and deactivates the short-circuited cell which can be disconnected and removed without disturbing the good functioning of the other cells.
  • the short-circuiter has two socket-outlet plates which are connected, directly or by means of interconnection pieces, to ad hoc connection pads of each of the cells.
  • the outlet plates which are generally bolted to the cells, are connected to the short-circuiting device proper by means of deformable conductive parts which have the effect of compensating for the variations in geometry of the different production cells. , and also sometimes to allow displacement of the outlet plates towards the connection plates.
  • Unipolar short-circuiters for low voltage large direct current electrolysis cells include two sets of movable contacts cooperating with two groups of two fixed contact plates arranged in parallel, movable contact drive mechanisms, the latter, the two groups of two fixed contact plates and the drive mechanism being symmetrical with respect to the axis of a shaft for controlling the movable contacts.
  • the conductive parts are cooled by circulation of water traveling in conduits formed in solid conductive parts or in tubes brazed on the conductive parts.
  • a unipolar short-circuiter of this type is for example described in DE-A-2,337,933 and comprises movable roller contacts. All of the fixed and mobile contacts and the drive mechanisms are placed in an oil chamber. Such a device, of complex construction, does not make it possible to obtain the high contact pressures useful for large currents, nor to have easy access to the contacts for their maintenance.
  • each of the groups of two fixed contact plates is connected by conductive elements (3, 4, 16, 17) deformable to an outlet plate (7, 20) to form a conductive assembly which is surrounded by an enclosure (9, 22) in which water circulates cooling, the only parts of this assembly external to the enclosure (9, 22) being on the one hand the fixed contact pads cooperating with the movable contacts (26, 32) controlled by said drive mechanisms constituted by parts sliding (28) each guided in two insulating parts (30, 31) and actuated by the single shaft (24), and on the other hand the contact pad (5, 18) of the grip plate (7, 20) current cooperating with the connection range of the electrolysis cell concerned, each enclosure (9, 22) comprising a flexible deformable part (10, 23) to allow a displacement of the corresponding socket plate (5, 18) relative to the fixed contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) to compensate for the in
  • the two conductive parts, with their cooling chambers, as well as the double set of movable contacts with its mechanisms and its control shaft are carried by a chassis from which they are electrically isolated, said chassis being able to rest on the ground or else be suspended by two trunnions from a stirrup in which it can orient itself, the stirrup itself being suspended either from a running rail by rollers, or from a gantry.
  • the presence of two enclosures surrounding the two conductive parts of the short-circuiter, particular to the invention, makes it possible to obtain a high surface area for heat exchange between the conductors and the cooling fluid, an area for exchange which is possible. to increase, inexpensively, by lining the fixed contact plates with metallic fins bathed by the cooling fluid.
  • an advantage of the cooling chambers, according to the invention is that the volume of cooling water contained in the short-circuiter is sufficient for a reduction, or even a temporary stopping of the circulation of water is without disadvantage, because the evacuation of the calories produced by Joule effect can be ensured momentarily by the vaporization of a part of this water, without endanger the short circuiter.
  • each movable contact is driven, by means of a pre-banded compression spring, by means of a connecting rod-crank mechanism coupled to the sliding part guided in the two insulating parts located, one near the mobile contact concerned, the other near the set of symmetrical mobile contacts, this latter guide being itself close to the point of attachment of the connecting rod on said sliding part, crankpins, carried by the single control shaft, alternately involving one and the other of the two sets of mobile contacts.
  • the movable contacts themselves are isolated from their control mechanism and are isolated from each other, so that no transient current flow is possible between any two of the movable contacts.
  • each of the two sets of movable contacts preferably comprises at least one special breaking contact which is established before the ordinary contacts and opens after these.
  • the support stroke of these breaking contacts also called sacrifice contacts, is much longer, when they are new, than that of ordinary contacts, so that they can wear out considerably without the ordinary contacts come to close or open the current of the cells to short circuit.
  • the breaking contacts have a width twice that of the ordinary contacts and are controlled by two crank rods and two springs, more flexible than the single spring of the ordinary contacts.
  • the movable contact carries two metal deflectors, for example made of stainless steel, each cooperating with a clearance made at its foot in the movable contact, to serve as a collector for the projections blocked by said deflector, the projections deflected by the latter finding place in a clearance arranged opposite the deflector, in the fixed part.
  • clearances are provided in the movable breaking contact, between the latter and the insulating partitions protecting the adjacent ordinary contacts, in order to collect the metallic projections originating from the breaks , without these interfering with the movement of the movable contact.
  • the chassis carrying the represented parts of the short-circuiter, the command and control mechanism of the operating shaft of the movable contacts, as well as the elements of the refrigeration circuit of the two enclosures in which the active fixed parts are immersed, are not not shown in the figures, all these parts can be produced with known means while remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows two fixed contact plates 1 and 2, connected respectively by flexible conductors 3 and 4 to a vertical outlet plate 5.
  • This plate is provided with a cylindrical flange 6 and a connection pad 7 to flexible conductors which is oriented vertically, but which could be oriented in any way with respect to the current outlet plate 5, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the flange 6 is connected to a flange 8 of the body of the refrigeration chamber 9 by a flexible cylindrical sleeve 10, preferably made of canvas rubber.
  • the two fixed contact plates 1 and 2 are interconnected by spacers such as 11 and 12. These plates are provided with fins such as 13 which increase the heat exchange surface with the cooling fluid.
  • the two other fixed contact plates 14 and 15 are connected respectively by the flexible conductors 16 and 17 to the connection pad 20 of a horizontal socket outlet plate 18 whose flange 19 is connected to the flange 21 of the body 22 of the cooling enclosure by a flexible sleeve 23.
  • each of the two cooling chambers (9 and 22) can, in the event of the water circulation stopping, come to a boil, without significant overpressure, thanks to the presence, at the top of each of the cooling chambers, a discharge valve, not shown, the opening of which preferably results in the automatic introduction into the chamber of a dose of anti-foaming product.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic section along AB of the short-circuiter shown in Figure 1. It shows the fixed contact plates 2 and 15, several movable contacts such as 26 with their compression springs 29, the two refrigeration chambers 9 and 22, as well as the pairs of flexible connections 3 and 4 on the one hand, 16 and 17 on the other hand.
  • FIG 3 is a partial sectional view of the movable contact control mechanism shown schematically in Figure 1.
  • the fixed contact plates 1 and 14 which cooperate with movable contacts such as 32 and the fixed contact plates 2 and 15 which cooperate with movable contacts such as the contact 26, which is driven by means of the compression spring 29 pre-banded by the nut 37, the washer 38, the bent piece 28, the connecting rod 27, the crank pin 25 and the control shaft 24.
  • the connecting rod is coupled by the axis 34 on the crank pin and by the axis 35 on the part 28 which slides in the insulating parts 30 and 31.
  • the movable contact 26 is isolated from the part 28, of the thrust and adjustment washer 36, as well as of the spring 29, by the insulating lining 39.
  • the movable contact 26 carries contact pads 40 which are in silver on the ordinary contacts and which can be in tungsten or in a silver alloy -tungsten, or even ordinary copper, according to the c undulations of use of the short-circuiter, on the breaking contacts.
  • the insulating packing 39 of the movable contact may preferably be made up of three parts, a cylindrical packing of polyfluoroethylene having excellent friction qualities and two washers having a high resistance to compression.
  • Figure 4 shows two removable fixed contact plates 41 and 42 which are fixed on the current supply plates 15 and 2, by screws not shown, and which cooperate with the movable breaking contact 45, which is operated by a pulling 46 by means of a nut 47, a washer 48, spring washers 49, a support washer 50 and an insulating washer 51.
  • the movable contact 45 In the "open" position, the movable contact 45 is supported by an insulating washer 53 on an adjusting ring 54 which abuts on a spacer 55, which surrounds the tie rod 46 which is insulated, in its passage in the movable contact, by an insulating tube 56.
  • the movable contact carries two grooves 57, in which are engaged deflectors 58 made of steel, fixed by screws and therefore easily replaceable.
  • clearances 59 are intended to collect the projections of droplets.
  • the movable contact 45 rests on the removable contact plate 41 carried by the current supply plate 15.
  • the contact 45 operated by the two tie rods whose ends can be seen 46, is framed by two insulating protective partitions 60 made of glass-melamine which are retained in the contact plate 41 by pins 61.
  • Clearances 62 are provided in the movable breaking contact to collect the projections of molten droplets produced by the breaking after their rebounding on the protective partitions 60.
  • the compression springs of the movable contacts preferably consist of a stack of spring washers ensuring for ordinary contacts a total contact contact pressure of several hundred kilograms with a crushing stroke of the order of a millimeter and for the cut-off contacts a total contact pressure of the same order as above, but obtained with two springs instead of one, with a significantly longer crushing stroke, from three to six millimeters.
  • the crushing strokes of the stack of spring washers of the various contacts, on closing, including that of the breaking contact have on each face of the short-circuiter, values gradually increasing when approaching the breaking contact, for which the crushing stroke of the stack of spring washers must always remain clearly the greatest, a condition which limits the permissible wear of said contact, the crushing of which in new condition can reach, for example, 10 mm.
  • the current is gradually concentrated towards the breaking contact to which can be attached a pre-breaking contact which opens just before it and whose fixed pads are removable, said contact being able to be fitted with special silver cadmium oxide fittings.
  • the fixed contact plates, the flexible conductive parts and the socket-outlets are preferably made of copper, silver on the contact surfaces, while the cooling chambers and the chassis , which carry the active parts, are preferably an austenitic structure steel which has the advantage of having a coefficient of thermal expansion practically equal to that of copper.

Abstract

The low voltage, high direct current unipolar short-circuiter allows to isolate and disassemble anyone of the cells of a series of electrolysis cells for producing chlorine or aluminium, for example, without affecting nor interrupting the operation of the other cells. The short-circuiter according to the invention is fitted with two sets of moving contacts (26, 32) controlled by a common shaft (24) and cooperating with two current lead assemblies having a deformable part (3, 4, 16, 17) and cooled by water circulation in housings (9, 22).

Description

Dans les installations électro-chimiques, de production de chlore par exemple, ou les installations de raffinage électrolytique des métaux, il est nécessaire de pouvoir mettre hors circuit l'une quelconque des nombreuses cellules de production disposées en série pour procéder à son entretien ou à son remplacement, sans arrêter la production de l'installation.In electro-chemical installations, for example of chlorine production, or in electrolytic metal refining installations, it is necessary to be able to switch off any one of the numerous production cells arranged in series in order to carry out its maintenance or its replacement, without stopping the production of the installation.

Dans certains procédés, on utilise pour cela un sectionneur-interrupteur mobile, appelé court-circuiteur, susceptible d'être raccordé électriquement, en position "ouvert", aux deux cellules de production encadrant la cellule à court-circuiter. En position "fermé", le court-circuiteur supporte le courant de l'installation et met hors service la cellule court-circuitée qui peut être déconnectée et enlevée sans perturber la bonne marche des autres cellules.In certain processes, a mobile switch-disconnector, called a short-circuiter, is used for this, capable of being electrically connected, in the "open" position, to the two production cells framing the cell to be short-circuited. In the "closed" position, the short-circuiter supports the current of the installation and deactivates the short-circuited cell which can be disconnected and removed without disturbing the good functioning of the other cells.

Le court-circuiteur possède deux plaques de prise de courant qui sont raccordées, directement ou par l'intermédiaire de pièces d'interconnexion, sur des plages de raccordement ad hoc de chacune des cellules. Les plaques de prise de courant, qui sont généralement raccordées par boulonnage sur les cellules, sont reliées au dispositif de court-circuitage proprement dit par l'intermédiaire de parties conductrices déformables qui ont pour effet de compenser les variations de géométrie des différentes cellules de production, et aussi parfois de permettre un déplacement des plaques de prise de courant vers les plaques de raccordement.The short-circuiter has two socket-outlet plates which are connected, directly or by means of interconnection pieces, to ad hoc connection pads of each of the cells. The outlet plates, which are generally bolted to the cells, are connected to the short-circuiting device proper by means of deformable conductive parts which have the effect of compensating for the variations in geometry of the different production cells. , and also sometimes to allow displacement of the outlet plates towards the connection plates.

Des court-circuiteurs unipolaires pour cellules d'électrolyse à gros courant continu à basse tension, comprennent deux jeux de contacts mobiles coopérant avec deux groupes de deux plaques de contact fixes disposées en parallèle, des mécanismes d'entraînement des contacts mobiles, ces derniers, les deux groupes de deux plaques de contact fixes et le mécanisme d'entraînement étant symétriques par rapport à l'axe d'un arbre de commande des contacts mobiles.Unipolar short-circuiters for low voltage large direct current electrolysis cells, include two sets of movable contacts cooperating with two groups of two fixed contact plates arranged in parallel, movable contact drive mechanisms, the latter, the two groups of two fixed contact plates and the drive mechanism being symmetrical with respect to the axis of a shaft for controlling the movable contacts.

Dans les modèles de court-circuiteurs pour gros courants connus, les parties conductrices sont refroidies par circulation d'eau cheminant dans des conduits ménagés dans des pièces conductrices massives ou dans des tubes brasés sur les parties conductrices.In known short-circuiting models for large currents, the conductive parts are cooled by circulation of water traveling in conduits formed in solid conductive parts or in tubes brazed on the conductive parts.

Un court-circuiteur unipolaire de ce type est par exemple décrit dans la DE-A-2.337.933 et comporte des contacts mobiles à galet. L'ensemble des contacts fixes et mobiles et les mécanismes d'entraînement sont placés dans une enceinte d'huile. Un tel appareil, de réalisation complexe, ne permet pas d'obtenir les hautes pressions de contact utiles pour les gros courants, ni d'avoir un accès facile aux contacts pour leur entretien.A unipolar short-circuiter of this type is for example described in DE-A-2,337,933 and comprises movable roller contacts. All of the fixed and mobile contacts and the drive mechanisms are placed in an oil chamber. Such a device, of complex construction, does not make it possible to obtain the high contact pressures useful for large currents, nor to have easy access to the contacts for their maintenance.

De façon générale, les dispositions connues sont mal adaptées aux très gros courants, de 100 à 150 KA, qui sont utilisés dans les cellules d'électrolyse les plus modernes.In general, the known arrangements are ill-suited to very large currents, from 100 to 150 KA, which are used in the most modern electrolysis cells.

Le court-circuiteur pour gros courants continue à basse tension qui fait l'objet de la présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces défauts et est caractérisé, à cet effet, en ce que chacun des groupes de deux plaques de contact fixes est raccordé par des éléments conducteurs (3, 4, 16, 17) déformables à une plaque (7, 20) de prise de courant pour former un ensemble conducteur qui est entouré d'une enceinte (9, 22) dans laquelle circule de l'eau de refroidissement, les seules parties de cet ensemble extérieures à l'enceinte (9, 22) étant d'une part les plages de contact fixes coopérant avec les contacts mobiles (26, 32) commandés par lesdits mécanismes d'entraînement constitués par des pièces coulissantes (28) guidées chacune dans deux pièces isolantes (30, 31 ) et actionnées par l'arbre (24) unique, et d'autre part la plage de contact (5, 18) de la plaque (7, 20) de prise de courant coopérant avec la plage de raccordement de la cellule d'électrolyse intéressée, chaque enceinte (9, 22) comportant une partie souple déformable (10, 23) pour permettre un déplacement de la plaque (5, 18) de prise de courant correspondante par rapport aux plaques (1, 2, 14, 15) de contact fixes pour compenser les imprécisions de construction des cellules et du court-circuiteur.The aim of the short-circuiter for large direct currents at low voltage which is the subject of the present invention is to remedy these faults and is characterized, for this purpose, in that each of the groups of two fixed contact plates is connected by conductive elements (3, 4, 16, 17) deformable to an outlet plate (7, 20) to form a conductive assembly which is surrounded by an enclosure (9, 22) in which water circulates cooling, the only parts of this assembly external to the enclosure (9, 22) being on the one hand the fixed contact pads cooperating with the movable contacts (26, 32) controlled by said drive mechanisms constituted by parts sliding (28) each guided in two insulating parts (30, 31) and actuated by the single shaft (24), and on the other hand the contact pad (5, 18) of the grip plate (7, 20) current cooperating with the connection range of the electrolysis cell concerned, each enclosure (9, 22) comprising a flexible deformable part (10, 23) to allow a displacement of the corresponding socket plate (5, 18) relative to the fixed contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) to compensate for the inaccuracies of construction of cells and short-circuiter.

Selon une variante préférée de l'invention, les deux parties conductrices, avec leurs enceintes de refroidissement, ainsi que le double jeu de contacts mobiles avec ses mécanismes et son arbre de commande sont portés par un châssis dont ils sont électriquement isolés, ledit châssis pouvant reposer sur le sol ou bien être suspendu par deux tourillons à un étrier dans lequel il peut s'orienter, l'étrier étant lui-même suspendu soit à un rail de roulement par des galets, soit à un portique.According to a preferred variant of the invention, the two conductive parts, with their cooling chambers, as well as the double set of movable contacts with its mechanisms and its control shaft are carried by a chassis from which they are electrically isolated, said chassis being able to rest on the ground or else be suspended by two trunnions from a stirrup in which it can orient itself, the stirrup itself being suspended either from a running rail by rollers, or from a gantry.

La présence de deux enceintes entourant les deux parties conductrices du court-circuiteur, particulière à l'invention, permet d'obtenir une surface élevée d'échange thermique entre les conducteurs et le fluide de refroidissement, surface d'échange qu'il est possible d'accroître, à peu de frais, en garnissant les plaques de contact fixes d'ailettages métalliques baignés par le fluid de refroidissement.The presence of two enclosures surrounding the two conductive parts of the short-circuiter, particular to the invention, makes it possible to obtain a high surface area for heat exchange between the conductors and the cooling fluid, an area for exchange which is possible. to increase, inexpensively, by lining the fixed contact plates with metallic fins bathed by the cooling fluid.

Lorsque le fluid de refroidissement est de l'eau, un avantage des enceintes de refroidissement, conformes à l'invention, est que le volume d'eau de refroidissement contenu dans le court-circuiteur est suffisant pour qu'une réduction, ou même un arrêt temporaire de la circulation d'eau soit sans inconvénient, car l'évacuation des calories produites par effet Joule peut être assurée momentanément par la vaporisation d'une partie de cette eau, sans mettre le court-circuiteur en danger.When the cooling fluid is water, an advantage of the cooling chambers, according to the invention, is that the volume of cooling water contained in the short-circuiter is sufficient for a reduction, or even a temporary stopping of the circulation of water is without disadvantage, because the evacuation of the calories produced by Joule effect can be ensured momentarily by the vaporization of a part of this water, without endanger the short circuiter.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier du court-circuiteur conforme à l'invention, chaque contact mobile est entraîne, par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort de compression prébandé, au moyen d'un mécanisme bielle-manivelle attelé sur la pièce coulissante guidée dans les deux pièces isolantes situées, l'une à proximité du contact mobile intéressé, l'autre à proximité du jeu de contacts mobiles symétrique, ce dernier guidage étant lui-même proche du point d'attache de la bielle sur ladite pièce coulissante, les manetons, portés par l'arbre de commande unique, intéressant alternativement l'un et l'autre des deux jeux de contacts mobiles. Dans une telle réalisation de l'invention, les contacts mobiles proprement dits sont isolés de leur mécanisme de commande et sont isolés entre eux, de sorte qu'aucune circulation transitoire de courant n'est possible entre deux quelconques des contacts mobiles.In a particular embodiment of the short - circuiter according to the invention, each movable contact is driven, by means of a pre-banded compression spring, by means of a connecting rod-crank mechanism coupled to the sliding part guided in the two insulating parts located, one near the mobile contact concerned, the other near the set of symmetrical mobile contacts, this latter guide being itself close to the point of attachment of the connecting rod on said sliding part, crankpins, carried by the single control shaft, alternately involving one and the other of the two sets of mobile contacts. In such an embodiment of the invention, the movable contacts themselves are isolated from their control mechanism and are isolated from each other, so that no transient current flow is possible between any two of the movable contacts.

Selon l'invention, chacun des deux jeux de contacts mobiles comporte, de préférence, au moins un contact spécial de coupure qui s'établit avant les contacts ordinaires et s'ouvre après ceux-ci. La course d'appui de ces contacts de coupure, appelés aussi contacts de sacrifice, est bien plus longue, lorsqu'ils sont neufs, que celle des contacts ordinaires, de sorte qu'ils peuvent s'user notablement sans que les contacts ordinaires en viennent à fermer ou ouvrir le courant des cellules à court-circuiter.According to the invention, each of the two sets of movable contacts preferably comprises at least one special breaking contact which is established before the ordinary contacts and opens after these. The support stroke of these breaking contacts, also called sacrifice contacts, is much longer, when they are new, than that of ordinary contacts, so that they can wear out considerably without the ordinary contacts come to close or open the current of the cells to short circuit.

Dans une réalisation particulière de l'invention, les contacts de coupure ont une largeur double de celle des contacts ordinaires et sont commandés par deux bielles-manivelles et deux ressorts, plus souples que le ressort unique des contacts ordinaires.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the breaking contacts have a width twice that of the ordinary contacts and are controlled by two crank rods and two springs, more flexible than the single spring of the ordinary contacts.

On peut prévoir, au voisinage des zones de contact du contact de coupure, d'une part, des cloisons de protection destinées à empêcher les projections de gouttelettes métalliques vers des contacts ordinaires ou vers le propre mécanisme de commande du contact de coupure, et d'autre part, des dégagements destinés à collecter les projections de gouttelettes bloquées ou déviées par lesdites cloisons, celles-ci étant fixes ou portées par le contact mobile de coupure et étant en un matériau résistant à des projections à haute température, comme le verre-mélamine pour un cloisonnement isolant entre le contact de coupure et un contact ordinaire, ou comme l'acier pour des déflecteurs fixes ou mobiles destinés à empêcher que des gouttelettes métalliques provenant de la coupure soient projetées sur un tirant de manoeuvre du contact mobile ou sur la butée de réglage de la course d'écrasement de son ressort.It is possible to provide, in the vicinity of the contact zones of the breaking contact, on the one hand, protective partitions intended to prevent projections of metal droplets towards ordinary contacts or towards the own mechanism for controlling the breaking contact, and d on the other hand, clearances intended to collect the projections of droplets blocked or deflected by said partitions, these being fixed or carried by the movable breaking contact and being made of a material resistant to projections at high temperature, such as glass- melamine for an insulating partitioning between the breaking contact and an ordinary contact, or like steel for fixed or mobile deflectors intended to prevent that metallic droplets coming from the breaking are projected on an operating rod of the mobile contact or on the stop for adjusting the crushing stroke of its spring.

Dans une réalisation particulière du contact de coupure, le contact mobile porte deux déflecteurs métalliques, par exemple en acier inoxydable, coopérant chacun avec un dégagement ménagé, à son pied, dans le contact mobile, pour servir de collecteur aux projections bloquées par ledit déflecteur, les projections déviées par celui-ci trouvant place dans un dégagement ménagé en regard du déflecteur, dans la partie fixe. Dans un mode particulier de réalisation du court-circuiteur conforme à l'invention, des dégagements sont ménagés dans le contact mobile de coupure, entre celui-ci et les cloisons isolantes de protection des contacts ordinaires adjacents, pour collecter les projections métalliques provenant des coupures, sans que celles-ci nuisent au déplacement du contact mobile.In a particular embodiment of the breaking contact, the movable contact carries two metal deflectors, for example made of stainless steel, each cooperating with a clearance made at its foot in the movable contact, to serve as a collector for the projections blocked by said deflector, the projections deflected by the latter finding place in a clearance arranged opposite the deflector, in the fixed part. In a particular embodiment of the short-circuiter in accordance with the invention, clearances are provided in the movable breaking contact, between the latter and the insulating partitions protecting the adjacent ordinary contacts, in order to collect the metallic projections originating from the breaks , without these interfering with the movement of the movable contact.

Les dessins schématiques annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple, font bien comprendre l'invention, les particularités qui ressortent tant des dessins que de la description suivante faisant, bien entendu, partie de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en plan schématique, en coupe partielle, du court-circuiteur.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en élévation du même court-circuiteur.
  • Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, une forme de réalisation d'un court-circuiteur conforme à l'invention, dans lequel les deux plaques de prises de courant sur les plages de raccordement aux cellules sont disposées l'une dans un plan vertical, l'autre dans un plan horizontal.
  • La figure 3 est une vue plus détaillée du mécanisme de commande des contacts mobiles de l'appareil.
  • Les figures 4 et 5 sont deux coupes selon deux plans perpendiculaires entre eux d'un contact de coupure.
The appended schematic drawings, given by way of example, clearly show the invention, the features which emerge both from the drawings and from the following description, of course, forming part of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view, in partial section, of the short-circuiter.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic elevational view of the same short-circuiter.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate, schematically and by way of example, an embodiment of a short-circuiter according to the invention, in which the two plates of socket-outlets on the pads for connection to the cells are arranged l 'one in a vertical plane, the other in a horizontal plane.
  • Figure 3 is a more detailed view of the mechanism for controlling the movable contacts of the device.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are two sections along two planes perpendicular to each other of a breaking contact.

Le châssis qui porte les parties représentées du court-circuiteur, le mécanisme de commande et de contrôle de l'arbre de manoeuvre des contacts mobiles, ainsi que les éléments du circuit de réfrigération des deux enceintes dans lesquelles baignent les parties fixes actives, ne sont pas représentés aux figures, toutes ces parties pouvant être réalisées avec des moyens connus en restant dans le cadre de l'invention.The chassis carrying the represented parts of the short-circuiter, the command and control mechanism of the operating shaft of the movable contacts, as well as the elements of the refrigeration circuit of the two enclosures in which the active fixed parts are immersed, are not not shown in the figures, all these parts can be produced with known means while remaining within the scope of the invention.

La figure 1 montre deux plaques de contact fixes 1 et 2, reliées respectivement par des conducteurs souples 3 et 4 à une plaque de prise de courant verticale 5. Cette plaque est munie d'une collerette cylindrique 6 et d'une plage de raccordement 7 aux conducteurs souples qui est orientée verticalement, mais qui pourrait être orientée d'une façon quelconque par rapport à la plaque de prise de courant proprement dite 5, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. La collerette 6 est reliée à une collerette 8 du corps de l'enceinte de réfrigération 9 par un manchon cylindrique souple 10, de préférence en caoutchouc entoilé. Les deux plaques de contact fixes 1 et 2 sont reliées entre elles par des entretoises telles que 11 et 12. Ces plaques sont munies d'ailettes telles que 13 qui accroissent la surface d'échange thermique avec le fluide de refroidissement.Figure 1 shows two fixed contact plates 1 and 2, connected respectively by flexible conductors 3 and 4 to a vertical outlet plate 5. This plate is provided with a cylindrical flange 6 and a connection pad 7 to flexible conductors which is oriented vertically, but which could be oriented in any way with respect to the current outlet plate 5, without departing from the scope of the invention. The flange 6 is connected to a flange 8 of the body of the refrigeration chamber 9 by a flexible cylindrical sleeve 10, preferably made of canvas rubber. The two fixed contact plates 1 and 2 are interconnected by spacers such as 11 and 12. These plates are provided with fins such as 13 which increase the heat exchange surface with the cooling fluid.

Les deux autres plaques de contact fixes 14 et 15 sont reliées respectivement par les conducteurs souples 16 et 17 à la plage de raccordement 20 d'une plaque de prise de courant horizontale 18 dont la collerette 19 est reliée à la collerette 21 du corps 22 de l'enceinte de refroidissement par un manchon souple 23.The two other fixed contact plates 14 and 15 are connected respectively by the flexible conductors 16 and 17 to the connection pad 20 of a horizontal socket outlet plate 18 whose flange 19 is connected to the flange 21 of the body 22 of the cooling enclosure by a flexible sleeve 23.

L'eau contenue dans chacune des deux enceintes (9 et 22) de refroidissement peut, en cas d'arrêt de la circulation d'eau, entrer en ébullition, sans surpression notable, grâce à la présence, à la partie supérieure de chacune des enceintes de refroidissement, d'un clapet de décharge, non représenté, dont l'ouverture entraîne, de préférence, l'introduction automatique dans l'enceinte, d'une dose de produit anti-mousse.The water contained in each of the two cooling chambers (9 and 22) can, in the event of the water circulation stopping, come to a boil, without significant overpressure, thanks to the presence, at the top of each of the cooling chambers, a discharge valve, not shown, the opening of which preferably results in the automatic introduction into the chamber of a dose of anti-foaming product.

On voit la trace 24 de l'arbre de commande qui porte un maneton 25 pour entraîner un contact mobile 26 par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle 27, d'une pièce coulissante coudée 28 et d'un ressort de compression 29. La pièce coulissante 28 est guidée dans les pièces isolantes 30 et 31.We see the trace 24 of the control shaft which carries a crank pin 25 to drive a movable contact 26 via a connecting rod 27, a bent sliding part 28 and a compression spring 29. The part sliding 28 is guided in the insulating parts 30 and 31.

Le mécanisme d'attaque du contact mobile 32 par l'intermédiaire de sont ressort de compression prébandé 33 n'est pas représenté.The mechanism for driving the movable contact 32 via its pre-band compression spring 33 is not shown.

La figure 2 est une coupe schématique suivant A-B du court-circuiteur représenté à la figure 1. On y voit les plaques de contact fixes 2 et 15, plusieurs contacts mobiles tels que 26 avec leurs ressorts de compression 29, les deux enceintes de réfrigération 9 et 22, ainsi que les couples de connexions souples 3 et 4 d'une part, 16 et 17 d'autre part.Figure 2 is a schematic section along AB of the short-circuiter shown in Figure 1. It shows the fixed contact plates 2 and 15, several movable contacts such as 26 with their compression springs 29, the two refrigeration chambers 9 and 22, as well as the pairs of flexible connections 3 and 4 on the one hand, 16 and 17 on the other hand.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle du mécanisme de commande des contacts mobiles représenté schématiquement à la figure 1. On y voit les plaques de contact fixes 1 et 14 qui coopèrent avec des contacts mobiles tels que 32 et les plaques de contact fixes 2 et 15 qui coopèrent avec des contacts mobiles tels que le contact 26, lequel est entraîné par l'intermédiaire du ressort de compression 29 prébandé par l'écrou 37, la rondelle 38, la pièce coudée 28, la bielle 27, le maneton 25 et l'arbre de commande 24. La bielle est attelée par l'axe 34 sur le maneton et par l'axe 35 sur la pièce 28 qui coulisse dans les pièces isolantes 30 et 31. Le contact mobile 26 est isolé de la pièce 28, de la rondelle de butée et de réglage 36, ainsi que du ressort 29, par la garniture isolante 39. Le contact mobile 26 porte des plages de contact 40 qui sont en argent sur les contacts ordinaires et qui peuvent être en tungstène ou en alliage argent-tungstène, ou encore en cuivre ordinaire, selon les conditions d'utilisation du court-circuiteur, sur les contacts de coupure.Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of the movable contact control mechanism shown schematically in Figure 1. There are shown the fixed contact plates 1 and 14 which cooperate with movable contacts such as 32 and the fixed contact plates 2 and 15 which cooperate with movable contacts such as the contact 26, which is driven by means of the compression spring 29 pre-banded by the nut 37, the washer 38, the bent piece 28, the connecting rod 27, the crank pin 25 and the control shaft 24. The connecting rod is coupled by the axis 34 on the crank pin and by the axis 35 on the part 28 which slides in the insulating parts 30 and 31. The movable contact 26 is isolated from the part 28, of the thrust and adjustment washer 36, as well as of the spring 29, by the insulating lining 39. The movable contact 26 carries contact pads 40 which are in silver on the ordinary contacts and which can be in tungsten or in a silver alloy -tungsten, or even ordinary copper, according to the c undulations of use of the short-circuiter, on the breaking contacts.

La garniture isolante 39 du contact mobile peut être constituée de préférence en trois parties, une garniture cylindrique en polyfluor- éthylène ayant d'excellentes qualités de frottement et deux rondelles présentant une forte résistance à la compression.The insulating packing 39 of the movable contact may preferably be made up of three parts, a cylindrical packing of polyfluoroethylene having excellent friction qualities and two washers having a high resistance to compression.

La figure 4 montre deux plaques de contact fixes démontables 41 et 42 qui sont fixées sur les plaques d'amenée de courant 15 et 2, par des vis non représentées, et qui coopèrent avec le contact mobile de coupure 45, lequel est manoeuvre par un tirant 46 par l'intermédiaire d'un écrou 47, d'une rondelle 48, de rondelles-ressorts 49, d'une rondelle d'appui 50 et d'une rondelle isolante 51. En position "ouvert", le contact mobile 45 s'appuie par l'intermédiaire d'une rondelle isolante 53 sur une bague de réglage 54 qui bute sur une entretoise 55, laquelle entoure le tirant 46 qui est isolé, à son passage dans le contact mobile, par un tube isolant 56.Figure 4 shows two removable fixed contact plates 41 and 42 which are fixed on the current supply plates 15 and 2, by screws not shown, and which cooperate with the movable breaking contact 45, which is operated by a pulling 46 by means of a nut 47, a washer 48, spring washers 49, a support washer 50 and an insulating washer 51. In the "open" position, the movable contact 45 is supported by an insulating washer 53 on an adjusting ring 54 which abuts on a spacer 55, which surrounds the tie rod 46 which is insulated, in its passage in the movable contact, by an insulating tube 56.

Le contact mobile porte deux rainures 57, dans lesquelles sont engagés des déflecteurs 58 en acier, fixés par des vis et donc facilement remplaçables.The movable contact carries two grooves 57, in which are engaged deflectors 58 made of steel, fixed by screws and therefore easily replaceable.

En regard des déflecteurs, des dégagements 59 sont destinés à collecter les projections de gouttelettes.Next to the deflectors, clearances 59 are intended to collect the projections of droplets.

Comme le montre la figure 5, le contact mobile 45 repose sur la plaque de contact démontable 41 portée par la plaque d'amenée de courant 15. Le contact 45, manoeuvré par les deux tirants dont on voit les extrémités 46, est encadré par deux cloisons de protection isolantes 60 en verre-mélamine qui sont retenues dans la plaque de contact 41 par des tétons 61.As shown in Figure 5, the movable contact 45 rests on the removable contact plate 41 carried by the current supply plate 15. The contact 45, operated by the two tie rods whose ends can be seen 46, is framed by two insulating protective partitions 60 made of glass-melamine which are retained in the contact plate 41 by pins 61.

Des dégagements 62 sont ménagés dans le contact mobile de coupure pour collecter les projections de gouttelettes en fusion produites par la coupure après leur rebondissement sur les cloisons de protection 60.Clearances 62 are provided in the movable breaking contact to collect the projections of molten droplets produced by the breaking after their rebounding on the protective partitions 60.

Les ressorts de compression des contacts mobiles sont constitués de préférence par un empilage de rondelles-ressorts assurant pour les contacts ordinaires une pression d'appui totale de contact de plusieurs centaines de kilogrammes avec une course d'écrasement de l'ordre du millimètre et pour les contacts de coupure une pression totale d'appui du même ordre que ci-dessus, mais obtenue avec deux ressorts au lieu d'un, avec une course d'écrasement nettement plus longue, de trois à six millimètres.The compression springs of the movable contacts preferably consist of a stack of spring washers ensuring for ordinary contacts a total contact contact pressure of several hundred kilograms with a crushing stroke of the order of a millimeter and for the cut-off contacts a total contact pressure of the same order as above, but obtained with two springs instead of one, with a significantly longer crushing stroke, from three to six millimeters.

Pour améliorer les conditions de coupure d'un court-circuiteur conforme à l'invention, les courses d'écrasement de l'empilage des rondelles-ressorts des différents contacts, à la fermeture, y compris celle du contact de coupure, ont sur chaque face du court-circuiteur des valeurs croissant progressivement lorsqu'on s'approche du contact de coupure, pour lequel la course d'écrasement de l'empilage des rondelles-ressorts doit toujours rester nettement la plus grande, condition qui limite l'usure admissible dudit contact, dont l'écrasement à l'état neuf peut atteindre, par exemple, 10 mm. De la sorte, pendant une manoeuvre de coupure, le courant est concentré progressivement vers la contact de coupure auquel peut être accolé un contact de pré-coupure qui s'ouvre juste avant lui et dont les plages fixes sont démontables, ledit contact pouvant être muni de garnitures spéciales en argent-oxyde de cadmium.To improve the breaking conditions of a short-circuiter according to the invention, the crushing strokes of the stack of spring washers of the various contacts, on closing, including that of the breaking contact, have on each face of the short-circuiter, values gradually increasing when approaching the breaking contact, for which the crushing stroke of the stack of spring washers must always remain clearly the greatest, a condition which limits the permissible wear of said contact, the crushing of which in new condition can reach, for example, 10 mm. In this way, during a breaking maneuver, the current is gradually concentrated towards the breaking contact to which can be attached a pre-breaking contact which opens just before it and whose fixed pads are removable, said contact being able to be fitted with special silver cadmium oxide fittings.

Dans le court-circuiteur conforme à l'invention, les plaques de contact fixes, les parties conductrices souples et les pièces de prise de courant sont de préférence en cuivre, argenté sur les surfaces de contact, tandis que les enceintes de refroidissement et le châssis, qui portent les parties actives, sont de préférence an acier à structure austénitique qui a l'avantage d'avoir un coefficient de dilatation thermique pratiquement égal à celui du cuivre.In the short-circuiter according to the invention, the fixed contact plates, the flexible conductive parts and the socket-outlets are preferably made of copper, silver on the contact surfaces, while the cooling chambers and the chassis , which carry the active parts, are preferably an austenitic structure steel which has the advantage of having a coefficient of thermal expansion practically equal to that of copper.

Claims (9)

1. Unipolar short-circuiter for electrolysis cells at high direct current at low voltage, including two sets of movable contacts (26, 32) working with two groups of two stationary contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) arranged in parallel, driving mechanisms (28) for the movable contacts (26, 32), the latter, the two groups of two stationary contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) and the driving mechanisms (28) being symmetrical in relation to the axis of a single control shaft (24) for the movable contacts (26, 32), characterized in that each of the groups of two stationary contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) is connected through deformable conductor elements (3, 4, 16, 17) to a current taking plate (7, 20) in order to form a conductor assembly which is surrounded by an enclosure (9, 22) in which cooling water circulates, the only parts of said assembly which are located outside the enclosure (9, 22) being on the one hand the stationary contact plates ( 1, 2, 14, 15) working with the movable contacts (26, 32) controlled by said driving mechanisms consisting of sliding pieces (28), each guided in two insulating pieces (30, 31) and driven by the single control shaft (24), and on the other hand the contact area (5, 18) of the current taking plate (7, 20) working with the connection area of the electrolysis cell concerned, each enclosure (9, 22) including a flexible part (10, 23) to permit a movement of the current taking plate (5, 18) concerned in relation to the stationary contact plates (1, 2, 14, 15) to compensate for the imprecisions of construction of the cells and the short-circuiter.
2. Short-circuiter according to claim 1, in which the two conductor assemblies with their cooling enclosures (9, 22) as well as the two sets of movable contacts (26, 32) with their driving mechanism (28) and their control shaft (24) are carried by a chassis from which they are electrically insulated, said chassis being able to rest on the ground or to be suspended by two pivots to a stirrup in which it can move, the stirrup itself being suspended from a rolling trackway or a portice.
3. Short-circuiter according to claim 1, in which the water contained in each of the two cooling enclosures (9, 22) can, in case of stoppage of the circulation of the water, enter into a boiling state without appreciable overpressure due to the presence on the high end of each of the enclosures of a discharge valve whose opening entails, preferably, the automatic introduction into the enclosure of an antifoaming agent.
4. Short-circuiter according to claim 1, in which each movable contact (26, 32) is driven through a pre-tightened compression spring (29, 33), by means of a crank-shaft (27, 34) attached to the sliding piece (28) guided in the two insulating pieces (30, 31), one of these insulating pieces (30) being located near the concerned movable contact (26), the other insulating piece (31) being located near the set of symmetrical movable contacts (32), said last mentioned insulating piece (31) being near the attachment point of the crank (27) on said sliding piece (28), the crankpins (34) carried by the single control shaft (24) including alternatively the one and the other of the two sets of movable contacts (26, 32), said movable contacts (26, 32) being insulated from their control mechanism (28) and from each other so that no transitory circulation of current is possible between any two of the movable contacts (26, 32).
5. Short-circuiter according to claim 4, in which each set of movable contacts (26, 32) includes at least one special breaking contact which closes before the other contacts and which opens after them, said breaking contacts which are wider than ordinary contacts being set off by two crank-shafts and two springs which are more flexible and in the compression path substantially longer than those of the ordinary contacts.
6. Short-circuiter according to claim 5, in which the stationary and movable parts of the breaking contacts, which are easily replaceable, are provided with contact areas (40) of tungsten, or of tungsten-silver, or simply of copper, according to the conditions of use (maximum current, voltage of the electrolysis cell to be short-circuited, frequency of operation).
7. Short-circuiter according to claim 5, characterized by the presence in the vicinity of the zones of contact of the breaking contact, on the one hand, of protection partitions (60) intended to prevent the projections of metallic droplets toward the ordinary contacts or toward the control mechanism of the breaking contact, and on the other hand, of recesses (62) adapted to collect the projections of droplets blocked or deflected by said partitions (60), the latter being stationary or carried by the movable breaking contact and composed by a material which is resistant to the projections at high temperatures, as melanine glass for an insulating partition between the breaking contact and the ordinary contact, or as steel for fixed or movable deflectors (58) intended to prevent the metallic droplets generated by the break from being projected onto a tie-rod (46) actuating the movable contact or onto the regulating stop of the compression path of its spring.
8. Short-circuiter according to claim 5 or 7, characterized by the presence on the movable breaking contact (45) of two metallic deflectors (58), for example of stainless steel, working each one with a recess (57) located at its based in the movable breaking contact (45), in order to collect the projections blocked by said deflector (58), the projections deflected by the latter finding place in a recess (59) located in the stationary part (41, 42) facing the deflector.
9. Short-circuiter according to claim 4, in which the compression paths at closing of the different contacts, which are adjustable by the thickness of regulating washers (36 and 54), including those of the breaking contact(s), have on each surface of the short-circuiter values which increase progressively when approaching the breaking contact, for which the compression path has always to remain the largest in the limit of its admissible wear.
EP19790900258 1978-03-01 1979-09-11 Short-circuiter for high direct currents Expired EP0012752B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2175/78 1978-03-01
CH217578A CH618472A5 (en) 1978-03-01 1978-03-01
CH8580/78 1978-08-10
CH858078A CH629331A5 (en) 1978-08-10 1978-08-10 Short-circuiter for large currents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012752A1 EP0012752A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0012752B1 true EP0012752B1 (en) 1983-05-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790900258 Expired EP0012752B1 (en) 1978-03-01 1979-09-11 Short-circuiter for high direct currents

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EP (1) EP0012752B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1979000670A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2302394A (en) * 1940-11-27 1942-11-17 Gen Electric Electric switch
NL64002C (en) * 1947-06-04 1949-08-15
US3309483A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-03-14 Lowell W Bennett Spring loaded circuit breaker
GB1137240A (en) * 1967-10-17 1968-12-18 Takahasi Denki Seisakusho Kk Switch for heavy current
NL136434C (en) * 1968-03-18
FR2204859A1 (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-05-24 Noreine Ste Deformable disconnecting switch for high voltages - takes up deformations of aluminium current supply bars in electrolytic installations

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WO1979000670A1 (en) 1979-09-06
EP0012752A1 (en) 1980-07-09

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