EP0012391B1 - Street clearing device - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A street clearing apparatus, wherein at least one rotary body (36; 36'; 36") having at least one scraper (44, 46) attached thereto is positioned rotatably and with upward resilience on a blade structure (26), and is supported with rotary resilience via preferably at least one lever (50, 50') and a spring (70, 70'), characterized in that for the upwardly resilient positioning of the rotary body (36; 36'; 36"), one bearing housing respectively is disposed at both ends thereof, said housing enclosing at least one elastomeric body (42; 42'; 42"), a bearing journal (40) rotatably positioned therein, and at least one cavity for accommodating the volume of the elastomeric body displaced by the bearing journal (40) during the upward resilience of the rotary structure.

Description

The invention relates to a road clearing device in which at least one rotating body, to which at least one scraper bar is fastened, is rotatably mounted on a coulter body and is resiliently mounted upwards and is supported in a torsionally elastic manner via preferably at least one lever and a spring.

In a known road-removing machine of this type (DE-B-1,929,177, Fig. 5 and 5a) is a rotating body, are attached to the two Scfiürfl2isten _'in an angle of rotation distance from one another, mounted on a roller-sector-shaped intermediate body, which in turn parallel to a to the rotary body and is pivotally mounted on the share body at a distance behind this pivot axis and is supported on the share body by a spring arranged at a distance from the pivot axis. The rotating body is additionally supported by a toggle lever and a holding device on the intermediate body and thus indirectly also on the share body. The holding device makes it possible to pivot the rotary body back and forth between the working positions of its two scraper bars. A spring is built into the holding device, against the resistance of which the rotating body can perform a limited rotation if the working scraper bar gets caught on an obstacle. The rotating body can deflect upwards by pivoting the intermediate body against the resistance of the spring acting on it. The separation between the backward evasive movement of the working scraper bar made possible by a rotation of the rotating body and the upward evasive movement of the rotating body on the other hand has proven itself primarily because it makes it possible to oppose different evasive movements with different elastic restoring forces, so that the working scraper bar quickly and safely returns to its normal working position after overcoming an obstacle, regardless of whether it is a hard scraper bar working with an angle of attack of approximately 90 ° or an elastic scraper bar working with an angle of attack of, for example, 40 ° Scraper bar. It is therefore not necessary to lift the entire share body to enable the working scraper bar to return from an alternate position to its normal working position.

This advantage over other known road clearing devices, in which a rotating body, to which at least one scraper bar is attached, is either mounted directly on a share body (DE-C-1 128450) or is mounted on the side cheeks of the share body by means of pivot pins (DE-C- 1 929 177, Fig. 1 to 4b) is, however, bought in the known road clearing device of the type described in the introduction in that the roller sector-shaped intermediate body is relatively expensive and, even with great expense and weight, can hardly be made so stable that it does not collide could bend or twist to an obstacle such that the rotatability of the rotating body suffers.

These difficulties are avoided by another known road clearing device (DE-B-2 519 112), in which a scraper bar is supported by an elastically deformable lower support member, for example in the form of an elastomer plate, on an area of a share body below and behind the lower edge of a plow share the lower edge of the ploughshare is connected by an intermediate member which is flexible at least in the area of its connection to the scraper bar. This gives the scraper the ability to dodge backwards and forwards against springy resistance to overcome obstacles. However, it is difficult to match the elasticity of the support member on the one hand and the intermediate member on the other such that the scraper bar can be pressed against the road surface with sufficient pressure on the one hand, for example to scrape stuck snow, and on the other hand the scraper bar if it dodged an obstacle to the rear is to be able to return to its normal working position without the entire road-clearing device having to be raised for this purpose in order to temporarily reduce the contact pressure of the scraper bar. In addition, it is not possible here to work with two different scraper bars without retrofitting the road clearing device.

The same also applies to another known road clearing device (DE-A-2437723), in which a scraper bar is mounted on parallelogram links which extend from the scraper bar to the rear and are longitudinally displaceable and pivotably supported on a share body via rubber spring elements.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a road clearing device of the type described in the introduction, in which the proven functional separation between the rotatable and resiliently upwardly flexible mounting of the rotating body on the one hand and the torsionally elastic support of the rotating body on the other hand is realized in a particularly simple and reliable manner.

The object is achieved in that for the resilient mounting of the rotating body at each of its two ends a bearing housing is arranged, the ver at least one elastomer body, a bearing journal rotatably mounted therein and at least one cavity for receiving the bearing pin when the torsion springs upward crowded volume encloses the elastomer body.

The invention has the advantage that upward shocks, which act on the working scraper bar or directly on the rotating body, are already absorbed by the elastomer bodies and largely absorbed by them, so that downstream components are no longer significantly burdened by such shocks. Depending on the point of attack and the direction of the forces acting on the rotating body, the elastomer bodies at the two ends of the rotating body can deform to different extents and / or in different directions, so that the working scraper bar can always adapt well to the road surface. Given the dimensions of the bearing housing, its interior can be divided into elastomer bodies and cavities in different ways, depending on whether the rotating body is working with an elastic scraper bar and should therefore be pressed against the road surface with only moderate force or whether it is used with a hard scraper bar and accordingly high contact pressure should work. Of all of this, the torsional elasticity of the rotating body remains essentially unaffected, because in a road clearing device of the type improved in accordance with the invention it depends essentially or exclusively on the lever-spring arrangement which supports the rotating body in a torsionally elastic manner on the share body.

The elastomer bodies are preferably also arranged in a resilient manner in the axial direction of the rotating body. This allows the additional advantage that the rotary body is also cushioned against axial or oblique impacts, such as occur, for example, when the working scraper bar grazes a curb without any significant additional construction effort.

In the known road clearing device of the type defined at the outset, the rotating body is hollow. The cavity which is thus present anyway can be used according to the invention in that the elastomer bodies are arranged in the rotating body; in this case, the bearing housings are formed by the rotating body itself, which is open on its two end faces. The elastomer bodies do not require any additional installation space; depending on the elastomer material used and depending on the desired spring hardness, the rotating body can be filled over a more or less large part of its length with the elastomer bodies in which the two associated bearing journals are mounted. In this case, the bearing pins can be rigidly attached to the share body, so that the mass cushioned by the elastomer bodies is formed exclusively by the rotating body with one or two scraper bars attached to it.

In special cases, however, it may also be expedient to attach the bearing housing to the share body and the bearing journal to the rotating body.

If the elastomer bodies are arranged in the rotating body and, in addition to their radial spring action, are to act as axially resilient, then they are expediently supported axially inwards on inner projections of the rotating body.

Arranging the elastomer body within the rotating body results in a particularly favorable spring action if the bearing pins are arranged eccentrically with respect to the cross section of the rotating body in such a way that their distance from the wall of the rotating body is greater than in the areas of the elastomer body that are subjected to pressure during clearing in their other areas.

The areas of the elastomer bodies which are subjected to pressure during the clearing expediently have a radial thickness which is at least as large as the bearing journal radius. to give the working scraper the ability to roll over obstacles without noticeably lifting the share body.

Finally, an additional elastic alternative for the rotating body can be created in that the bearing pins or the elastomer bodies are fastened to side cheeks, which are pivotally supported on the share body against the resistance of additional elastomer bodies.

If the terms rotating body, lever and spring are used in the singular in the foregoing, this does not mean that the use of several such components would be excluded. On the contrary, it is advantageous in most road clearing devices to arrange two or more rotating bodies together with associated scraper bars in alignment with one another under a common coulter body and to support each of these rotating bodies in a torsionally elastic manner by means of a separate lever with associated spring.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines Ausführung_s- beispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Straßenräumgerätes, das durch eine Hebevorrichtung mit einem Fahrzeug verbünden ist;
• Fig. 2 den Schnitt II-II in Fig. 1;
• Fig. einen senkrechten Teilschnitt eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Fig. 4 einen entsprechenden Teilschnitt eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Fig. 6 den Schnitt VI-VI in Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 eine Einzelheit aus Fig. 1 in einer weiteren abgewandelten Ausführungsform und
• Fig. 8 den Schnit VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with the aid of schematic drawings. It shows

• Figure 1 is a side view of an embodiment _s - example of a road clearing device according to the invention, which is connected to a vehicle by a lifting device.
• Figure 2 shows the section II-II in Fig. 1.
• Fig. A vertical partial section of a second embodiment;
• 4 shows a corresponding partial section of a third exemplary embodiment;
• 5 shows a side view of a fourth exemplary embodiment;
• 6 shows the section VI-VI in Fig. 5.
• FIG. 7 shows a detail from FIG. 1 in a further modified embodiment and
• 8 shows section VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

The road clearing device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a snow plow, is connected to a vehicle 14, for example a truck, by a lifting device 12. For this purpose there is a vertical vehicle plate 16 on the front side of the vehicle 14 attached, which is releasably connected to a device plate 18 belonging to the lifting device 12, for example by means of screws, semi or fully automatic coupling devices. In addition to the device plate 18, the lifting device 12 includes parallelogram links 20 and a piston-cylinder unit 22, which connect a support body 24 of the road clearing device 10 to the vehicle 14 so that it can be raised and lowered.

A coulter body 26 is mounted on the support body 24 so as to be pivotable about a vertical axis A. The coulter body 26 includes a curved ploughshare 28 and, on the back of it, arranged in parallel vertical planes in the form of soap-like stiffening plates 30. The safety-shaped stiffening plates 30 are additionally connected to one another in pairs by brackets 34 on their back.

Under the coulter body 26, two mutually aligned, independently rotatable hollow rotating bodies 36 are mounted between two cheeks 38 fastened to the coulter body 26. To support the rotating bodies 36, the cheeks 38 each have a bearing pin 40 which extends eccentrically into the adjacent open end face of the rotating body in question and is rotatably received there in elastomer bodies 42.

A hard scraper bar 44 made of steel and, in contrast, offset by 180 °, an elastic scraper bar 46 made of an elastomer are interchangeably fastened to the rotating bodies 36. The hard scraper bar 44 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in its working position, in which it encloses an angle of, for example, 80 ° with the road surface B, the elastic scraper bar 46 being directed upwards and resting against the front of the ploughshare 28. If, on the other hand, the elastic scraper bar 46 assumes its working position in which it is inclined downward by approximately 30 ° in relation to the road surface B, then the hard scraper bar 44 is directed obliquely backwards and upwards.

Each of the rotating bodies 36 has an out-of-round and eccentric cross-section with respect to the bearing pins 40 such that it has a considerable distance from the lower edge of the ploughshare 28 in the working position of the hard scraper bar 44 according to FIGS. 1 and 2; this distance allows upward springing movements of the rotating body 36, which are made possible by the elasticity of the elastomer body 42, the distance between the rotating body 36 and the lower edge of the ploughshare 28 being bridged by the elastic scraper bar 46. In contrast, in the working position of the elastic scraper bar 46 there is only a barely noticeable distance between the rotating body 36 and the lower edge of the ploughshare 28, so that the material excavated by the elastic scraper bar 36 easily flows into the ploughshare 28 over the rotating body 36 k ₃ nn . On the two rotating bodies 36, an attachment 48 is welded behind the hard scraper bar 44, on which a toggle lever 50, which can be pivoted in a vertical plane, is mounted with its front leg 52 by a front joint 54. The front leg 52 of each of the two toggle levers 50 is connected by a knee joint 56 to a rear leg 58, which in turn is supported on a transmission lever 62 by a rear joint 60.

Each of the two transmission levers 62 is mounted on a pivot pin 64 parallel to the bearing pins 40 and axes of the joints 54 and 60 on one of the brackets 34. The transmission levers 62 each have a long lower arm, at the lower end of which the joint 60 is arranged, and a short upper arm, which is angled forward and is articulated to a tie rod 66 at its front end. The tie rod 66 extends vertically upwards through a recess in a stop 68, which is formed by a horizontal plate welded onto the bracket 34. The stop 68 limits the swivel range of the upper arm of the transmission lever 62 upwards and thus also limits the swivel range of the lower arm of the transmission lever 62 to the front. A spring 70 rests on the stop 68, which in the example shown is formed by a hollow body made of an elastomer. The tie rod 66 extends through the spring 70 and holds it under tension by means of adjustable nuts 72 and a pressure plate 74; with the same bias, the upper arm of the transmission lever 62 normally abuts the bottom of the stop 68.

The working positions of the scraper bars 44 and 46 are determined by a holding device 76, which holds the toggle lever 50 in the working position of the hard scraper bar 44 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in an at least approximately extended position, but in the working position of the elastic scraper bar 46 in a strong position upward bent position. For this purpose, the holding device 76 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is connected by an upper joint 78 to the share body 22 and by a lower joint 80 to the rear leg 58 of the toggle lever 50 at a distance from the rear joint 60 thereof.

1 and 2, the rotating bodies 36 are hollow, non-circular in cross-section and open on their two end faces. Each rotating body 36 forms with its two ends a bearing housing, which is delimited axially inwards by an annular disk-shaped projection 110. The inside diameter of each annular disk-shaped projection 110 is considerably larger than the diameter of the associated bearing journal 40, so that the bearing journals can carry out radially resilient movements against the elastic resistance of the elastomer bodies 42 accommodating them. 2, each bearing pin 40 is inserted directly into two disk-shaped elastomer bodies 42, in such a way that it is off-center in that its distance from the wall of the rotary body 36 in the pressure when clearing claimed lower areas of the elastomer body 42 is greater than in the areas of the elastomer body 42 lying laterally and above the bearing pin 40. The lower areas of the elastomer body 42 have a radial thickness which is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the bearing pin 40. The elastomer body 42 give the two rotating bodies 36 the possibility, independently of one another and, if necessary, to move upward at their two ends to different extents if the working scraper bar attached to the respective rotating body - according to FIG. 1 it is the hard scraper bar 44 - runs over or against an uneven road Obstacle encountered. With each upward movement of one or both ends of a rotating body 36 designed as a bearing housing, part of the volume of the elastomer body is displaced from the space between the lower wall of the bearing housing and the associated bearing journal 40. 2, this can be done in the axial direction, since the bearing housings are partially open axially outwards and inwards. In order to create additional space for displacing a part of the volume of the elastomer body, the elastomer bodies 42 have a plurality of cutouts 112 at the ends of the two rotating bodies 36 facing away from one another.

2, spacer rings 114 are fitted onto the bearing pins 40, which define a space between each cheek 38 and the adjacent elastomer body 42 and have an outside diameter that is considerably smaller than the smallest outside diameter of the adjacent elastomer body 42. As a result, the rotating bodies 36 receive the Possibility of also executing resilient movements in the axial direction of the bearing pins 40 against the elastic resistance of the elastomer bodies 42 clamped between the spacer rings 114 and the ring-shaped projections 114.

The embodiment of a road clearing device shown in FIG. 3 is especially intended for snowmaking and has a simplified, tubular rotating body 36 'with only one elastic scraper bar 46 attached to it. Here too, the rotating body 36' is designed as a bearing housing at its two ends that are open at the ends, and each of these bearing housings contains an elastomer body 42 ', in which the associated bearing journal 40 is rotatably mounted, but here centrally. Instead of the toggle lever 50 shown in FIG. 1, a simple lever 50 'is fastened to the rotating body 36' and is connected to the share body 26 by a spring 70 'designed here as a helical tension spring. In order to limit the pressure with which the elastic scraper bar 46 is pressed against the road surface B, the coulter body 26 according to FIG. 3 has its own height-adjustable wheels 116.

The one in Fig. The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a road clearing device intended especially for clearing a stuck or frozen snow cover. It differs from FIG. 1 in that the circular-cylindrical rotary body 36 ', as the only scraper bar, also carries a hard scraper bar 44, which is arranged considerably steeper than the elastic scraper bar 46 in FIG. 3 in relation to the road surface B. In accordance with FIG. 3, the bearing journals 40 are mounted centrally in circular cylindrical elastomer bodies 42 'according to FIG. 4; however, the elastomer bodies 42 'are formed here from materials of different hardness, of which the harder one fills a larger, lower sector and the softer one a smaller, upper sector. Polyurethane foams of different hardness, which may have been foamed directly in the rotating body 36, are particularly suitable as materials for the tastomer body.

Similar to FIG. 3, a simple lever 50 'is fastened to the rotating body 36' in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, but is here connected to a link 120 by a rigid coupling member 118. The handlebar 120 is supported in a manner similar to the transmission lever 62 in FIG. 1 via a spring 70 on the share body 26.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from those according to FIGS. 1 to 4 primarily in that the or each rotating body 36 "is closed at both ends by an end wall 122. A bearing journal is located on each end wall 122 40 is welded onto the free end of which a bearing bush 124 is screwed. Each bearing bush 124 is rotatably mounted eccentrically in a membrane-like elastomer body 42 ". The outer edge of each elastomer body 42 "is clamped between the associated cheek 38 and a housing ring 126 screwed thereto. Each cheek 38 has a circular recess 128 around the associated bearing journal 40", the diameter of which is several times larger than that of the bearing journal 40 ". The eccentricity of the bearing pin 40" with respect to the elastomer body 42 "is such that the axis of rotation D of the rotating body 36" determined by the bearing pin is offset downward from the center of the housing rings 126.

6 is clamped between the bearing journal 40 and the bearing bush 124 in such a way that it resiliently resists axial movements of the rotating body 36 ". As in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the or each rotating body 36 "according to FIGS. 5 and 6 has a considerable axial play between the two associated cheeks 38 for axial evasive movements, which it can then carry out against the resistance of the elastomer body 42" , if he or the working scraper bar 44 laterally hits an obstacle.

5 and 6, the cheeks 38 on one each Coulter body 26 attached, pivotable to the axis of rotation D parallel pin 130. A bolt 132, which is parallel to the associated pin 130, is fastened to each cheek 38 and extends through an arcuate recess 134, concentric to the pin 130, of the adjacent crescent-shaped stiffening plate 30 and is inserted in an additional elastomer body 136. The elastomer body 136 is enclosed by a housing 138 fastened to the share body 26. Each cheek 38 thus has the possibility of carrying out limited pivoting movements in the direction of arrow 140 in FIG. 5 against the elastic resistance of the associated elastomer body 136 when the working scraper bar 44 hits an obstacle. Such an elastic arrangement of the cheeks 38 can also be provided in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4.

The embodiment according to FIGS. And 8 differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 primarily in that the toggle lever 50, the transmission lever 62, the spring 70 and the holding device 76 are omitted and in that the elastomer body 42 'is essentially the same shape have as in Fig. 3.

7 and 8, two bolts 142 and 144 are provided as additional components, both of which extend parallel to the bearing journal 40 through a hole 146 or 148 in the associated elastomer body 42 '. The bolt 142 is fastened to a plate 150, which in turn is fastened, for example welded, in the rotating body 36 '. The bolt 144 can be pulled out in the adjacent cheek 38 and is connected to the share body 26 via the latter. At the outer end of the bolt 144, a handle 152 extending radially away from it is fastened, which engages in a securing hook 154 fastened to the cheek 38. In this way, the pull-out bolt 144 is secured against unintentional falling out.

The holes 146 and 148 in the elastomer body 42 'are spaced apart by approximately 140 °. The elastomer body 42 'has a third hole 156, which is also about 140 ° from the hole 148 and thus about 80 ° from the hole 146.

7 and 8, the rotating body 36 'is held elastically in a rotational angle position by the bolts 142 and 144 and elastomer body 42', in which the elastic scraper bar 46 fastened to it assumes its working position. If the bolt 144 is pulled out of the hole 148, the rotating body 36 'can be rotated by approximately 140 ° into an angle of rotation position which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1 and in which the hard scraper bar 44 assumes its working position. In this angular position, the rotating body 36 'can be held elastically by inserting the bolt 144 into the hole 156.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pin 130 shown in FIG. 6 is omitted. 7 and 8, the bolt 132 determines a pivot axis for the cheek 38. The bolt 132 is in accordance with FIG. 7 and 8 in accordance with FIG. 6 in an elastomer body 136. In this elastomer body 136 there are now two additional bolts 158 which, like bolt 132, are attached to cheek 38. Furthermore, two bolts 160 are inserted into the elastomer body 136 and are fastened to the adjacent stiffening plate 30. The elastomer body 136 thus forms a torsion spring according to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Claims (9)

1. A street clearing apparatus, wherein at least one rotary body (36; 36';36") having at least one scraper (44, 46) attached thereto is positioned rotatably and with upward resilience on a blade structure (26), and is supported with rotary resilience via preferably at least one lever (50, 50') and a spring (70, 70'), characterized in that for the upwardly resilient positioning of the rotary body (36; 36'; 36"), one bearing housing respectively is disposed at both ends thereof, said housing enclosing at least one elastomeric body (42; 42'; 42"), a bearing journal (40) rotatably positioned therein, and at least one cavity for accommodating the volume of the elastomeric body displaced by the bearing journal (40) during the upward resilience of the rotary structure.

2. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomeric body (42; 42'; 42") is also resiliently disposed in axial direction of the rotary body (36; 36'; 36").

3. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing housing is formed by the rotary body (36; 36') itself open at its two face ends.

4. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the elastomeric body (42, 42') is inwardly axially supported on inner projections (110) of the rotary body (36, 36').

5. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the bearing journal (40) is disposed concentrically with respect to the cross-section of the rotary body (36, 36') in such a manner that its spacing from the wall of the rotary body in the regions of the elastomeric body (42, 42') which are pressure- loaded during cleaning is larger than in the other regions.

6. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the regions of the elastomeric body (42; 42'; 42") pressure- loaded during clearing have a radial thickness which is at least as large as the radius of the bearing journal.

7. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the bearing journal (40) or the elastomeric body (42") are secured to lateral cheeks (38) which are positioned rearwardly pivotable on the blade structure (26) against the resistance of additional elastomeric bodies (136).

8. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the elastomeric bodies (42') is constructed as torsional spring which connects the blade structure (26) with the rotary body (36').

9. A street clearing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that in the at least one elastomeric body (42') constructed as torsional spring, at least two bolts (142, 144) are arranged parallel to the bearing journal, one bolt being connected with the blade structure (26) and the other with the rotary body (36').

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