EP0011834A1 - Liquid-metal heated steam generator with integrated reheater - Google Patents

Liquid-metal heated steam generator with integrated reheater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011834A1
EP0011834A1 EP79104671A EP79104671A EP0011834A1 EP 0011834 A1 EP0011834 A1 EP 0011834A1 EP 79104671 A EP79104671 A EP 79104671A EP 79104671 A EP79104671 A EP 79104671A EP 0011834 A1 EP0011834 A1 EP 0011834A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
steam generator
steam
tube bundles
following features
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP79104671A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0011834B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Jansing
Kurt Dr. Vinzens
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Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau GmbH
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Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau GmbH
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Priority to AT79104671T priority Critical patent/ATE389T1/en
Publication of EP0011834A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011834A1/en
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Publication of EP0011834B1 publication Critical patent/EP0011834B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0236—Header boxes; End plates floating elements
    • F28F9/0239—Header boxes; End plates floating elements floating header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam generator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • reheating In order to increase the overall efficiency of steam power plants, it is advisable to reheat the steam which has already relaxed and cooled in the high and medium pressure section of a steam turbine by so-called reheating.
  • liquid metal such as. As sodium, cooled nuclear reactors, which have significantly higher requirements in terms of safety and reliability compared to the conventionally heated steam power plants, one has either avoided this reheat or installed in separate devices that are connected in parallel to the superheaters on the side of the hot liquid metal .
  • Nuclear reactor plants which often have significantly higher outputs compared to conventionally heated plants, should not only operate at higher levels Generate electricity availability and high overall efficiency; in the event of a possible accident, the heat emitted by the nuclear reactor should be able to be dissipated without the nuclear reactor substantially exceeding the operating temperatures suitable for it. Therefore, efforts have so far been made to use apparatus of different types, such as B. to separate superheaters and reheaters so that they do not affect each other in the event of an accident and can be operated independently.
  • this separate design leads to a considerable outlay for pipelines, insulation and safety devices, especially in the case of liquid metal-cooled nuclear power plants, quite apart from the additional space requirement, which is associated with high costs especially in the case of nuclear power plants.
  • a liquid metal / water heat exchanger as a steam generator for nuclear power plants has already been described in German Offenlegungsschrift 24 48 832.
  • Several vertical tube bundles, each of which is surrounded by a jacket that is open at the top and bottom, are interchangeably arranged in a container. Since the hot liquid metal is conducted in countercurrent to the water or steam, a compact arrangement is already possible here, in which the individual tube bundles can be replaced quickly and with little effort in the event of damage. An intermediate overheating of the steam with hot liquid metal is not yet provided in this arrangement.
  • the inventive arrangement of horizontal spaces between the tube bundles and the arrangement of all welds in these spaces can be ensured with a high degree of probability that that no damage occurs in the tube bundles themselves. Under this condition, it is possible to arrange not only evaporator and superheater sensors but also reheater tube bundles in the same container, because no mutual interference can be expected here.
  • the steam generator according to claim 2 brings two further advantages for operation and monitoring.
  • the proposed arrangement of several support structures between the individual tube bundles initially ensures that each individual support structure is significantly less stressed because it only has to carry part of the overall tube bundle.
  • the proposed double function of a supporting structure namely, on the one hand, normally carrying the tube bundle underneath and, on the other hand, also carrying the tube bundle above if a supporting structure above it fails, increases the reliability of the overall structure.
  • the distributor design proposed in claim 3 avoids inadmissible tensions on the one hand due to different expansion of the downpipe and central tube with the tube sheets and on the other hand causes a uniform flow against all spiral tubes distributed over the circumference of the container.
  • the eccentric arrangement of the single downpipe and the helical shape of the distributor pipes mean that the center of the central pipe is kept free for remote-controlled inspection and repair devices.
  • the arrangement according to claim 4 fulfills two conflicting requirements.
  • the subdistributor and the space below should be accessible for remote-controlled inspection and repair devices;
  • the subdistributors which are evenly distributed over the circumference, should support one another in the event of one of them tearing off, so that no secondary damage to other components can occur.
  • the support structure according to the invention which is arranged at a short distance from the bottoms of the sub-distributors, is open at the top and bottom and is therefore freely accessible for devices. In addition, it can also be removed with a simple device upwards, if necessary also downwards.
  • the arrangement proposed in claim 5 is also intended to avoid major consequential damage after damage to the downpipe.
  • the proposed double pipe is intended to hold the lower end of this down pipe in case it starts to move due to recoil forces from its bottom or from a completely torn distributor pipe.
  • the collector proposed in claim 6 should summarize numerous spiral tubes. Since these long spiral tubes have to be checked at regular intervals from the inside with long flexible probes, the spiral tubes should be accessible from above with a manipulator. So that such a manipulator can now reach all pipe ends from one point in the direction of the pipe axis, it is proposed according to the invention not to weld these pipe ends into a flat pipe plate as before, but into part of a spherical surface. In this way, you can reach all pipe ends lying on a circular path simply by rotating the corresponding manipulator and by changing the angle between the manipulator axis and the collector axis reach the respectively adjacent circular path of pipe ends.
  • the arrangement according to claim 7 proposes a construction that avoids inadmissible thermal stresses due to different expansion of the container and the central tube, which nevertheless allows the central tube with the spiral tubes attached to it to be easily removed and which protects the lower end of the central tube against impermissible horizontal loads , for example in the event of an earthquake.
  • the design according to claim 8 allows repair work by subjecting the helical tubes to a low pressure to remove the water completely and from the sub-distributors located at the lowest point.
  • the steam generator is arranged in a container 1, through which liquid secondary sodium flows, which is heated in a sodium / sodium intermediate heat exchanger (not shown here) by the primary sodium used as a coolant for a nuclear reactor and by a nozzle 2 and through another nozzle 3 emerges.
  • a central tube 4 closed at the bottom, and between the two a number of heat exchanger tubes combined into bundles 5, of which the lower ones are used in a known manner for steam generation and the upper ones for overheating and each occupying a sector of the intermediate space.
  • the feed water is fed through a down pipe 6, which is arranged inside the central pipe 4 filled with air or an inert gas, whereby the risk of a reaction between water and sodium in the event of leaks in the down pipe is eliminated.
  • the downpipe 6 ends in a distributor 7, of which in the example four pipes 8 coiled to compensate for thermal expansion lead to sub-distributors 9 with an approximately hemispherical bottom and a tube plate 10, into which the individual steam generator tubes 11 are welded.
  • the recoil forces which occur when one of the pipelines 8 is torn open by the distributor 7 are absorbed by a double pipe 12 surrounding the latter.
  • Blockable drain lines 30 lead from the sub-distributors 9 to an annular collecting line 31; All pipe bundles 5 can thus be guided via a further line 32 guided in the central pipe 4 be emptied of water.
  • the central tube 4 is slidably supported at its lower end in a centering 14 fastened to the container 1; it also has an opening which is closed during operation by a rupture disk 15, through which the excess pressure which occurs in the steam generator during a sodium-water reaction is reduced and the reaction products can reach a separating device (not shown here) via the central tube 4.
  • a connecting piece 35 also shown with a rupture disc
  • the individual tube bundles 5 are separated from one another in height by short sections 16, in which the tubes run straight, which creates better inspection and repair options; the necessary welded connections between individual parts of the tubes 11 are placed in these sections.
  • the tube bundles 5 and the wall of the container 1 there is also a jacket 17 with thermal insulation, which serves to protect the former from the flame occurring during a sodium-water reaction and to guide the flow.
  • the tube bundles 5 with the jacket 17 can be removed from the container upwards (after loosening the connections to the tube plate 10), just as the downpipe 6, distributor 7, pipes 8 and sub-distributor 9 can be removed through the central tube 4.
  • a honeycomb-like structure which prevents convection, is attached between it and the jacket 17, by means of which the temperature range between sodium entry and exit is reduced.
  • the superheater tubes end in further tube plates 19, from each of which a steam line 20 begins.
  • the tube bundles 5 are designed by increasing their tubes 11 so that space is created on the outside for further tube bundles 21 which are made up of additional tubes 22 in which the steam is reheated.
  • the reheater tube bundles 21 can also extend over the entire height of the steam generator. They are designed so that the sodium temperatures in these bundles are as similar as possible to those prevailing in the steam generators / superheater bundles located at the same level.
  • the steam line is designated 23, the steam line 24. Both end in a tube plate 25 in a distributor or collector 27, which is part of a spherical surface, so that a probe (not shown here) which can be pivoted about point 26 is easily inserted into the individual tubes 22 with a minimum of movement can.
  • the individual tube bundles 5 and 21 are suspended in a known manner on rods 33 from brackets 28 on the jacket 17 (see FIG. 6).
  • the brackets 28 are designed such that when the rods 33 of a tube bundle are torn off, the bundle is supported on the next lower bracket,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP79/00093 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 28, 1980 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 28, 1980 PCT Filed Nov. 23, 1979 PCT Pub. No. WO80/01101 PCT Pub. Date May 29, 1980.Steam generator, preferably for use in nuclear energy plants, which comprises several coiled tube bundles (5) which are arranged in series and disposed in a common container (1), in which steam is generated and superheated thereafter. The individual tube bundles are separated from each other by interspaces (16) in which straight connecting tubes are arranged. Points which require inspection, and are possibly in danger of springing leaks, for example, the welded connections between the individual tube lengths, are positioned in these interspaces for easier accessibility. Furthermore in the same container are also tube bundles (21) arranged in which the steam is superheated. In the middle of the container a central tube (4) is arranged, in which the feedwater supply (6) is conducted, and which in operation closed by a blow-out disc (15), and which, if necessary can discharge the products of a liquid metal-water reaction. Special configurations of the feedwater distributors (8-11) are proposed, which enhance the safety of the steam generator in the case of malfunctions, for example, absorb the reaction forces of torn tube lines. Furthermore embodiments of the steam-collectors (27) are proposed which facilitate the inspection of the tube bundles.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger nach dem Oberbegriff des 1. Anspruchs.The present invention relates to a steam generator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Um den Gesamtwirkungsgrad von Dampfkraftanlagen zu steigern, ist es zweckmäßig, den im Hoch- und Mitteldruckteil einer Dampfturbine bereits entspannten und abgekühlten Dampf durch sogenannte Zwischenüberhitzung erneut zu überhitzen. Bei mit Flüssigmetall, wie z. B. Natrium, gekühlten Kernreaktoren, die gegenüber den konventionell beheizten Dampfkraftanlagen erheblich höhere Anforderungen in bezug auf Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit haben, hat man bisher entweder diese Zwischenüberhitzung vermieden oder in getrennten Apparaten eingebaut, die auf der Seite des heißen Flüssigmetalls zu den Überhitzern parallel geschaltet sind. Kernreaktoranlagen, die gegenüber den konventionell beheizten Anlagen oft erheblich größere Leistungen aufweisen, sollen nicht nur mit hoher Verfügbarkeit und hohem Gesamtwirkungsgrad Strom erzeugen; bei einem immerhin möglichen Störfall soll die vom Kernreaktor abgegebene Wärme abgeleitet werden können, ohne daß der Kernreaktor die für ihn geeigneten Betriebstemperaturen wesentlich überschreitet. Daher hat man sich bisher bemüht, Apparate unterschiedlicher Art, wie z. B. Überhitzer und Zwischenüberhitzer zu trennen, damit diese bei Störfällen sich nicht gegenseitig in Mitleidenschaft ziehen und unabhängig voneinander betrieben werden können. Diese getrennte Bauweise führt aber gerade bei flüssigmetallgekühlten Kernenergieanlagen zu einem erheblichen Aufwand für Rohrleitungen, Isolierung und Sicherheitseinrichtungen, ganz abgesehen von dem zusätzlichen Raumbedarf, der gerade bei Kernenergieanlagen mit hohen Kosten verbunden ist.In order to increase the overall efficiency of steam power plants, it is advisable to reheat the steam which has already relaxed and cooled in the high and medium pressure section of a steam turbine by so-called reheating. When using liquid metal, such as. As sodium, cooled nuclear reactors, which have significantly higher requirements in terms of safety and reliability compared to the conventionally heated steam power plants, one has either avoided this reheat or installed in separate devices that are connected in parallel to the superheaters on the side of the hot liquid metal . Nuclear reactor plants, which often have significantly higher outputs compared to conventionally heated plants, should not only operate at higher levels Generate electricity availability and high overall efficiency; in the event of a possible accident, the heat emitted by the nuclear reactor should be able to be dissipated without the nuclear reactor substantially exceeding the operating temperatures suitable for it. Therefore, efforts have so far been made to use apparatus of different types, such as B. to separate superheaters and reheaters so that they do not affect each other in the event of an accident and can be operated independently. However, this separate design leads to a considerable outlay for pipelines, insulation and safety devices, especially in the case of liquid metal-cooled nuclear power plants, quite apart from the additional space requirement, which is associated with high costs especially in the case of nuclear power plants.

In der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 24 48 832 ist bereits ein Flüssigmetall/Wasser-Wärmetauscher als Dampferzeuger für Kernenergieanlagen beschrieben. Mehrere senkrechte Rohrbündel, die jeweils von einem oben und unten offenen Mantel umgeben sind, sind in einem Behälter nach oben auswechselbar angeordnet. Da das heiße Flüssigmetall im Gegenstrom zum Wasser bzw. Dampf geführt ist, ist hier bereits eine kompakt Anordnung möglich, bei der die einzelnen Rohrbündel im Schadensfall schnell und mit geringem Aufwand ausgewechselt werden können. Eine Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes mit heißem Flüssigmetall ist bei dieser Anordnung noch nicht vorgesehen.A liquid metal / water heat exchanger as a steam generator for nuclear power plants has already been described in German Offenlegungsschrift 24 48 832. Several vertical tube bundles, each of which is surrounded by a jacket that is open at the top and bottom, are interchangeably arranged in a container. Since the hot liquid metal is conducted in countercurrent to the water or steam, a compact arrangement is already possible here, in which the individual tube bundles can be replaced quickly and with little effort in the event of damage. An intermediate overheating of the steam with hot liquid metal is not yet provided in this arrangement.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein flüssigmetall-beheizter Dampferzeuger, der im ganzen wirtschaftlicher ist als die bisherigen. Diese Wirtschaftlichkeit soll erreicht werden:

  • 1) in bezug auf den thermischen Wirkungsgrad der Dampfanlage durch Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes mit heißem Flüssigmetall,
  • 2) in bezug auf die Anlagekosten durch Integration des Zwischenüberhitzers in den ohnehin vorhandenen Dampferzeuger-Behälter,
  • 3) in bezug auf Betriebskosten durch erleichterte Inspektion und Reparatur, sowie durch redundante Aufhängung der Dampferzeugerbündel.
The object of the present invention is a liquid metal-heated steam generator which is more economical overall than the previous ones. This economy should be achieved:
  • 1) with regard to the thermal efficiency of the steam system by reheating the steam with hot liquid metal,
  • 2) in terms of plant costs by integrating the reheater in the steam generator tank which is already present,
  • 3) in terms of operating costs through easier inspection and repair, as well as through redundant suspension of the steam generator bundle.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Dampferzeuger nach dem 1. Anspruch vorgeschlagen. Es war bisher üblich, die mit flüssigem Metall beheizten Dampferzeuger möglichst kompakt zu bauen und ohne große Zwischenräume zwischen Heizflächen unterschiedlicher Art, weil das Volumen dieser Behälter zunächst direkt deren Preis beeinflußt und außerdem indirekt über die Vergrößerung des Flüssigmetallvolumens auch den Preis der Gesamtanlage einschließlich der Nebenanlagen erhöht. Die von diesem Grundprinzip abweichenden erfindungsgemäßen horizontalen Zwischenräume zwischen einzelnen Rohrbündeln unterschiedlicher und gleicher Art haben aber, obwohl sie wertvollen Raum verbrauchen, erhebliche Vorteile für den Betrieb, für Inspektion und Reparatur der Wärmetauscher. Innerhalb dieser Zwischenräume werden diejenigen Bauteile angeordnet, die

  • 1) in regelmäßigen Abständen geprüft und überwacht werden müssen,
  • 2) die,zur überprüfung der übrigen Bauteile notwendig sind und
  • 3) die für die anderen Bauteile eine Gefahr darstellen könnten.
To solve this problem, a steam generator according to claim 1 is proposed. It was previously customary to build the steam generator heated with liquid metal as compactly as possible and without large gaps between heating surfaces of different types, because the volume of these containers initially affects their price and also indirectly increases the price of the entire system including the ancillary systems by increasing the liquid metal volume elevated. The horizontal gaps between individual tube bundles of different and the same type, which deviate from this basic principle, have considerable advantages for the operation, inspection and repair of the heat exchangers, although they consume valuable space. Those components are arranged within these gaps
  • 1) must be checked and monitored at regular intervals,
  • 2) which are necessary to check the other components and
  • 3) that could pose a danger to the other components.

In diesen Zwischenräumen werden also die bei langen Wärmetauscherrohren notwendigerweise vorhandenen Schweißnähte, und zwar mit erheblichem Abstand von anderen Bauteilen, angeordnet. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß die immerhin möglichen Schäden an Flüssigmetall-Wasser-Wärmetauschern fast ausschließlich an den zwangsläufig vorhandenen Schweißnähten der Wärmetauscherrohre auftreten. Wenn man nun diese Schweißnähte ganz bewußt in die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Rohrbündeln legt, dann kann man sie dort besser als in einem engen Rohrbündel überprüfen und gegebenenfalls ausbessern. Außerdem hat die Anordnung dieser Schweißnähte in einem freien Zwischenraum mit Abstand von anderen Bauteilen einen weiteren wesentlichen Vorteil für den Betrieb der Gesamtanlage. Auch kleinste Undichtigkeiten an einem wasser- oder dampfenthaltenden Rohr innerhalb eines Flüssigmetallbehälters führen erfahrungsgemäß nach kurzer Zeit zu einem größeren Schaden, weil der unter hohem Druck austretende Wasserdampf im Flüssigmetall eine flammen- ähnliche Gestalt annimmt und durch die chemische Reaktion zwischen Wasser und Flüssigmetall zu hohen und örtlich eng begrenzten Temperaturen führt. Zusammen mit der hohen Geschwindigkeit des unter hohem Druck austretenden Dampfes werden benachbarte Bauteile durch diese flammenähnlichen Erscheinungen sehr schnell zerstört.The weld seams that are necessarily present in the case of long heat exchanger tubes are thus arranged in these spaces, with a considerable distance from other components. It has been found that the at least possible damage to liquid metal water heat exchangers occurs almost exclusively on the inevitably present weld seams of the heat exchanger tubes. If you deliberately place these weld seams in the spaces between the individual tube bundles, you can check them there better than in a narrow tube bundle and correct them if necessary. In addition, the arrangement of these welds in a free space at a distance from other components has another significant advantage for the operation of the overall system. Experience has shown that even the smallest leaks on a pipe that contains water or steam within a liquid metal container will lead to greater damage after a short time because the water vapor escaping under high pressure takes on a flame-like shape in the liquid metal and, due to the chemical reaction between water and liquid metal, becomes too high and locally limited temperatures. Together with the high speed of the steam escaping under high pressure, neighboring components are very quickly destroyed by these flame-like phenomena.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung von horizontalen Zwischenräumen zwischen den Rohrbündeln und die Anordnung aller Schweißnähte in diesen Zwischenräumen kann man mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit sicherstellen, daß in den Rohrbündeln selbst keine Schäden mehr auftreten. Unter dieser Voraussetzung ist es möglich, im gleichen Behälter nicht nur Verdampfer- und Uberhitzersondern auch Zwischenüberhitzerrohrbündel anzuordnen, weil hier keine gegenseitigen Störungen mehr zu erwarten sind.The inventive arrangement of horizontal spaces between the tube bundles and the arrangement of all welds in these spaces can be ensured with a high degree of probability that that no damage occurs in the tube bundles themselves. Under this condition, it is possible to arrange not only evaporator and superheater sensors but also reheater tube bundles in the same container, because no mutual interference can be expected here.

Der Dampferzeuger nach dem 2. Anspruch bringt zwei weitere Vorteile für Betrieb und Überwachung. Gegenüber der bisher bekannten Aufhängung eines gesamten Wärmetauscher-Rohrbündels am oberen Ende des Behälters wird durch die vorgeschlagene Anordnung mehrerer Tragkonstruktionen zwischen den einzelnen Rohrbündeln zunächst sichergestellt, daß jede einzelne Tragkonstruktion wesentlich weniger belastet ist, weil sie nur einen Teil des Gesamtrohrbündels tragen muß. Durch die vorgeschlagene Doppelfunktion einer Tragkonstruktion, nämlich einerseits im Normalfall das darunterliegende Rohrbündel tragen und andererseits bei Ausfall einer darüberliegenden Tragkonstruktion auch das darüberliegende Rohrbündel zu tragen, wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Gesamtkonstruktion erhöht.The steam generator according to claim 2 brings two further advantages for operation and monitoring. Compared to the previously known suspension of an entire heat exchanger tube bundle at the upper end of the container, the proposed arrangement of several support structures between the individual tube bundles initially ensures that each individual support structure is significantly less stressed because it only has to carry part of the overall tube bundle. The proposed double function of a supporting structure, namely, on the one hand, normally carrying the tube bundle underneath and, on the other hand, also carrying the tube bundle above if a supporting structure above it fails, increases the reliability of the overall structure.

Die im 3. Anspruch vorgeschlagene Verteilerkonstruktion vermeidet einerseits unzulässige Spannungen durch unterschiedliche Ausdehnung von Fallrohr und Zentralrohr mit den Rohrböden und bewirkt andererseits eine gleichmäßige Anströmung aller, über den Umfang des Behälters verteilten Wendelrohre. Außerdem wird durch die exzentrische Anordnung des einzigen Fallrohres und durch die schraubenlinienartige Form der Verteilerrohre die Mitte des Zentralrohres freigehalten für fernbediente Inspektions- und Reparaturgeräte.The distributor design proposed in claim 3 avoids inadmissible tensions on the one hand due to different expansion of the downpipe and central tube with the tube sheets and on the other hand causes a uniform flow against all spiral tubes distributed over the circumference of the container. In addition, the eccentric arrangement of the single downpipe and the helical shape of the distributor pipes mean that the center of the central pipe is kept free for remote-controlled inspection and repair devices.

Die Anordnung nach dem 4. Anspruch erfüllt zwei gegensätzliche Forderungen. Einerseits sollen dis Unterverteiler und der darunterliegende Raum für fernbediente Inspektions- und Reparaturgeräte zugänglich sein; andererseits sollen sich die über den Umfang gleichmäßig verteilten Unterverteiler bei einem etwaigen Abreißen eines derselben gegenseitig aufeinander abstützen, damit keine Sekundärschäden an anderen Bauteilen auftreten können. Die erfindungsgemäße, mit geringem Abstand von den Böden der Unterverteiler angeordnete Stützkonstruktion ist oben und unten offen und daher schon für Geräte frei durchgängig. Außerdem kann sie aber auch mit einer einfachen Vorrichtung nach oben, gegebenenfalls auch nach unten ausgebaut werden.The arrangement according to claim 4 fulfills two conflicting requirements. On the one hand, the subdistributor and the space below should be accessible for remote-controlled inspection and repair devices; on the other hand, the subdistributors, which are evenly distributed over the circumference, should support one another in the event of one of them tearing off, so that no secondary damage to other components can occur. The support structure according to the invention, which is arranged at a short distance from the bottoms of the sub-distributors, is open at the top and bottom and is therefore freely accessible for devices. In addition, it can also be removed with a simple device upwards, if necessary also downwards.

Die im 5. Anspruch vorgeschlagene Anordnung soll ebenfalls größere Folgeschäden nach einem Schaden am Fallrohr vermeiden. Das vorgeschlagene Doppelrohr soll das untere Ende dieses Fallrohres festhalten, falls es durch Rückstoßkräfte seines Bodens oder aus einem vollständig abgerissenen Verteilerrohr in Bewegung gerät.The arrangement proposed in claim 5 is also intended to avoid major consequential damage after damage to the downpipe. The proposed double pipe is intended to hold the lower end of this down pipe in case it starts to move due to recoil forces from its bottom or from a completely torn distributor pipe.

Der im 6. Anspruch vorgeschlagene Sammler soll zahlreiche Wendelrohre zusammenfassen. Da diese langen Wendelrohre in regelmäßigen Abständen von innen mit langen flexiblen Sonden geprüft werden müssen, sollen die Wendelrohre von oben mit einem Manipulator zugänglich sein. Damit nun ein solcher Manipulator alle Rohrenden von einem Punkt aus in Richtung der Rohrachse erreichen kann, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, diese Rohrenden nicht wie bisher in eine ebene Rohrplatte sondern in einen Teil einer Kugelfläche einzuschweißen. Auf diese Weise kann man allein durch Rotation des entsprechenden Manipulators alle Rohrenden erreichen, die auf einer Kreisbahn liegen und durch Veränderung des Winkels zwischen Manipulatorachse und Sammlerachse die jeweils benachbarte Kreisbahn von Rohrenden erreichen.The collector proposed in claim 6 should summarize numerous spiral tubes. Since these long spiral tubes have to be checked at regular intervals from the inside with long flexible probes, the spiral tubes should be accessible from above with a manipulator. So that such a manipulator can now reach all pipe ends from one point in the direction of the pipe axis, it is proposed according to the invention not to weld these pipe ends into a flat pipe plate as before, but into part of a spherical surface. In this way, you can reach all pipe ends lying on a circular path simply by rotating the corresponding manipulator and by changing the angle between the manipulator axis and the collector axis reach the respectively adjacent circular path of pipe ends.

Die Anordnung nach dem 7. Anspruch schlägt eine Konstruktion vor, die unzulässige Wärmespannungen durch unterschiedliche Ausdehnung von Behälter und Zentralrohr vermeidet, die dennoch einen leichten Ausbau des Zentralrohres mit den daran befestigten Wendelrohren nach oben gestattet und die das untere Ende des Zentralrohres gegen unzulässige horizontale Belastungen, beispielsweise bei einem Erdbeben, schützt.The arrangement according to claim 7 proposes a construction that avoids inadmissible thermal stresses due to different expansion of the container and the central tube, which nevertheless allows the central tube with the spiral tubes attached to it to be easily removed and which protects the lower end of the central tube against impermissible horizontal loads , for example in the event of an earthquake.

Die Ausgestaltung nach dem 8. Anspruch erlaubt bei Reparaturarbeiten durch Beaufschlagen der Wendelrohre mit einem geringen Druck ein restloses Entfernen des Wassers aus.ihnen und aus den an der tiefsten Stelle gelegenen Unterverteilern.The design according to claim 8 allows repair work by subjecting the helical tubes to a low pressure to remove the water completely and from the sub-distributors located at the lowest point.

Die Figuren 1 bis 4 zeigen ein mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und zwar

  • Fig. 1 den unteren, und
  • Fig. 2 den oberen Teil eines Längsschnittes durch den Dampferzeuger entsprechend der Linie I-II der Figur 3,
  • Fig. 3 die Aufsicht auf denselben,
  • Fig. 4 einen weiteren Längsschnitt in verkleinertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie III-IV. der Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. 6 in vergrößertem Maßstab die Einzelheit X der Fig. 1.
Figures 1 to 4 show a possible embodiment of the invention, namely
  • Fig. 1 the lower, and
  • 2 shows the upper part of a longitudinal section through the steam generator along the line I-II of Figure 3,
  • 3 is the supervision of the same,
  • 4 shows a further longitudinal section on a reduced scale,
  • Fig. 5 shows a section along the line III-IV. 1 on an enlarged scale,
  • 6 shows the detail X of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale.

Der Dampferzeuger ist in einem Behälter 1 angeordnet, der von flüssigem Sekundär-Natrium durchströmt wird, das in einem hier nicht gezeigten Natrium/Natrium-Zwischenwärmetauscher durch das als Kühlmittel für einen Kernreaktor benutzte-Primärnatrium aufgeheizt wird und durch einen Stutzen 2 ein- und durch einen weiteren Stutzen 3 austritt. Im Inneren des Behälters 1 ist ein unten geschlossenes Zentralrohr 4 angeordnet, und zwischen beiden eine Anzahl von zu Bündeln 5 zusammengefaßten Wärmetauscherrohren, von denen in bekannter Weise die unteren zur Dampferzeugung und die oberen zur überhitzung verwendet werden und die jeweils einen Sektor des Zwischenraumes einnehmen. Das Speisewasser wird durch ein Fallrohr 6 herangeführt, das im Inneren des mit Luft oder einem Inertgas gefüllten Zentralrohres 4 angeordnet ist, wodurch die Gefahr einer Reaktion zwischen Wasser und Natrium bei Lecks im Fallrohr ausgeschaltet ist. Das Fallrohr 6 endet in einem Verteiler 7, von dem im Beispiel vier zum Ausgleich von Wärmedehnungen gewendelte Rohrleitungen 8 zu Unterverteilern 9 mit einem etwa halbkugelförmigen Boden und einer Rohrplatte 10 führen, in die die einzelnen Dampferzeugerrohre 11 eingeschweißt sind. Die beim etwaigen Äbreißen einer der Rohrleitungen 8 vom Verteiler 7 auftretenden Rückstoßkräfte werden durch ein letzteren umgebendes Doppelrohr 12 aufgenommen. Bei ähnlichen Schäden an den Unterverteilern 9 stützen sich diese auf eine ausbaubare Konstruktion 13, die im Grundriß etwa sternförmig (linke Hälfte der Fig. 5) oder kreisförmig (rechte Hälfte) die zwischen den Unterverteilern entstehenden Leerräume ausfüllt. Von den Unterverteilern 9 führen absperrbare Ablaßleitungen 30 zu einer ringförmigen Sammelleitung 31; über eine im Zentralrohr 4 geführte weitere Leitung 32 können so alle Rohrbündel 5 von Wasser entleert werden. Das Zentralrohr 4 ist an seinem unteren Ende gleitend in einer am Behälter 1 befestigten Zentrierung 14 gelagert; ferner weist es eine im Betrieb durch eine Berstscheibe 15 verschlossene öffnung auf, durch die der bei einer Natrium-Wasser-Reaktion im Dampferzeuger auftretende Überdruck abgebaut wird und die Reaktionsprodukte über das Zentralrohr 4 zu einer hier nicht dargestellten Abscheidevorrichtung gelangen können. Alternativ hierzu kann ein ebenfalls mit einer Berstscheibe verschlossener Stutzen 35 (gestrichelt gezeichnet) angeordnet werden, wenn ein Abblasen der Reaktionsprodukte in den inertisierten Raum um den Dampferzeuger möglich ist. Die einzelnen Rohrbündel 5 sind der Höhe nach durch kurze Abschnitte 16 voneinander getrennt, in denen die Rohre gerade verlaufen, wodurch bessere Inspektions-und Reparaturmöglichkeiten geschaffen werden; die notwendigen Schweißverbindungen zwischen einzelnen Teilen der Rohre 11 werden in diese Abschnitte gelegt. Zwischen den Rohrbündeln 5 und der Wand des Behälters 1 ist noch ein Mantel 17 mit thermischer Isolierung angeordnet, der dem Schutz ersterer vor der bei einer Natrium-Wasser-Reaktion auftretenden Flamme und der Strömungsführung dient. Zu Reparaturzwecken können die Rohrbündel 5 mit dem Mantel 17 zusammen nach oben aus dem Behälter ausgebaut werden (nach Lösen der Verbindungen zur Rohrplatte 10), ebenso wie das Fallrohr 6, Verteiler 7, Rohrleitungen 8 und Unterverteiler 9 durch das Zentralrohr 4 ausgebaut werden können.The steam generator is arranged in a container 1, through which liquid secondary sodium flows, which is heated in a sodium / sodium intermediate heat exchanger (not shown here) by the primary sodium used as a coolant for a nuclear reactor and by a nozzle 2 and through another nozzle 3 emerges. In the interior of the container 1 there is a central tube 4 closed at the bottom, and between the two a number of heat exchanger tubes combined into bundles 5, of which the lower ones are used in a known manner for steam generation and the upper ones for overheating and each occupying a sector of the intermediate space. The feed water is fed through a down pipe 6, which is arranged inside the central pipe 4 filled with air or an inert gas, whereby the risk of a reaction between water and sodium in the event of leaks in the down pipe is eliminated. The downpipe 6 ends in a distributor 7, of which in the example four pipes 8 coiled to compensate for thermal expansion lead to sub-distributors 9 with an approximately hemispherical bottom and a tube plate 10, into which the individual steam generator tubes 11 are welded. The recoil forces which occur when one of the pipelines 8 is torn open by the distributor 7 are absorbed by a double pipe 12 surrounding the latter. In the event of similar damage to the sub-distributors 9, these are based on an expandable construction 13 which, in plan view, fills the empty spaces that arise between the sub-distributors approximately in a star shape (left half of FIG. 5) or circularly (right half). Blockable drain lines 30 lead from the sub-distributors 9 to an annular collecting line 31; All pipe bundles 5 can thus be guided via a further line 32 guided in the central pipe 4 be emptied of water. The central tube 4 is slidably supported at its lower end in a centering 14 fastened to the container 1; it also has an opening which is closed during operation by a rupture disk 15, through which the excess pressure which occurs in the steam generator during a sodium-water reaction is reduced and the reaction products can reach a separating device (not shown here) via the central tube 4. As an alternative to this, a connecting piece 35 (also shown with a rupture disc) (shown in broken lines) can be arranged if it is possible to blow off the reaction products into the inertized space around the steam generator. The individual tube bundles 5 are separated from one another in height by short sections 16, in which the tubes run straight, which creates better inspection and repair options; the necessary welded connections between individual parts of the tubes 11 are placed in these sections. Between the tube bundles 5 and the wall of the container 1 there is also a jacket 17 with thermal insulation, which serves to protect the former from the flame occurring during a sodium-water reaction and to guide the flow. For repair purposes, the tube bundles 5 with the jacket 17 can be removed from the container upwards (after loosening the connections to the tube plate 10), just as the downpipe 6, distributor 7, pipes 8 and sub-distributor 9 can be removed through the central tube 4.

Im oberen Teil des Behälters 1 ist (s. Fig. 2) zwischen diesem und dem Mantel 17 eine wabenartig aufgebaute und dadurch die Konvektion hindernde Konstruktion 18 angebracht, über die die Temperaturspanne zwischen Natriumein- und --austritt abgebaut wird. Auf diese kann verzichtet werden, wenn Natriumein- und -austritt genügend weit auseinanderliegen, wie in Fig. 4 mit der gestrichelt eingezeichneten alternativen Lage des Austrittstutzens 3 angedeutet. Am oberen Ende des Wärmetauschers enden die Überhitzerrohre in weiteren Rohrplatten 19, von denen aus jeweils eine Dampfleitung 20 ihren Anfang nimmt. Im Überhitzerbereich sind die Rohrbündel 5 durch größere Steigung ihrer Rohre 11 so ausgestaltet, daß auf ihrer Außenseite Raum geschaffen wird für weitere Rohrbündel 21, die aus weiteren Rohren 22 aufgebaut sind, in denen der Dampf zwischenüberhitzt wird. Selbstverständlich können sich bei Bedarf die Zwischenüberhitzer-Rohrbündel 21 auch über die gesamte Höhe des Dampferzeugers erstrecken. Sie sind so ausgelegt, daß die Natriumtemperaturen in diesen Bündeln denjenigen möglichst gleich sind, die in den auf gleicher Höhe befindlichen Dampferzeuger/ Überhitzerbündeln herrschen. Die Zudampfleitung ist mit 23, die Abdampfleitung mit 24 bezeichnet. Beide enden in je einem Rohrboden 25 in einem Verteiler bzw. Sammler 27, der Teil einer Kugeloberfläche ist, so daß eine etwa im Punkt 26 schwenkbar angebrachte Sonde (hier nicht gezeichnet) leicht und mit einem Minimum an Bewegungsaufwand in die einzelnen Rohre 22 eingeführt werden kann.In the upper part of the container 1 (see FIG. 2), a honeycomb-like structure, which prevents convection, is attached between it and the jacket 17, by means of which the temperature range between sodium entry and exit is reduced. To this can be dispensed with if the sodium inlet and outlet are sufficiently far apart, as indicated in FIG. 4 with the alternative position of the outlet nozzle 3 shown in dashed lines. At the upper end of the heat exchanger, the superheater tubes end in further tube plates 19, from each of which a steam line 20 begins. In the superheater area, the tube bundles 5 are designed by increasing their tubes 11 so that space is created on the outside for further tube bundles 21 which are made up of additional tubes 22 in which the steam is reheated. Of course, if necessary, the reheater tube bundles 21 can also extend over the entire height of the steam generator. They are designed so that the sodium temperatures in these bundles are as similar as possible to those prevailing in the steam generators / superheater bundles located at the same level. The steam line is designated 23, the steam line 24. Both end in a tube plate 25 in a distributor or collector 27, which is part of a spherical surface, so that a probe (not shown here) which can be pivoted about point 26 is easily inserted into the individual tubes 22 with a minimum of movement can.

Die einzelnen Rohrbündel 5 bzw. 21 sind in bekannter Weise an Stangen 33 von Konsolen 28 am Mantel 17 abgehängt (s. Fig. 6). Die Konsolen 28 sind so ausgebildet, daß beim Abreißen der Stangen 33 eines Rohrbündels dieses sich auf der nächstniedrigeren Konsole abstützt,The individual tube bundles 5 and 21 are suspended in a known manner on rods 33 from brackets 28 on the jacket 17 (see FIG. 6). The brackets 28 are designed such that when the rods 33 of a tube bundle are torn off, the bundle is supported on the next lower bracket,

Claims (8)

1. Flüssigmetall-beheizter Wendelrohr-Dampferzeuger mit einem am unteren Ende geschlossenen Zantralrohr in einem Behälter; dieses Zentralrohr enthält ein oder mehrere Fallrohre für Speisewasser; die Wendelrohrbündel sind von einem Mantel umgeben; dieser Dampferzeuger hat folgende Merkmale : a) Mehrere Rohrbündel (5) sind übereinander angeordnet mit horizontalen Zwischenräumen (16), in denen nur Verbindungsrohre (11) vorhanden sind. b) Außer einem oder mehreren Rohrbündeln (5) mit Dampferzeuger- und/oder Überhitzerrohren (11) sind weitere Rohrbündel (21) angeordnet, die Zwischen- überhitzerrohre (22) enthalten. 1. Liquid metal-heated spiral tube steam generator with a Zantral tube closed at the lower end in a container; this central pipe contains one or more downpipes for feed water; the spiral tube bundles are surrounded by a jacket; this steam generator has the following features: a) Several tube bundles (5) are arranged one above the other with horizontal gaps (16) in which only connecting tubes (11) are present. b) In addition to one or more tube bundles (5) with steam generator and / or superheater tubes (11), further tube bundles (21) are arranged, which contain reheater tubes (22). 2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1 mit in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Rohrbündeln angeordneten Konsolen mit folgenden Merkmalen a) An den Konsolen (28) ist das darunterliegende Wendelrohrbündel (5) aufgehängt (27). b) Die Konsolen (28) tragen das darüberliegende Wendelrohrbündel (5) nach einem Ausfall der darüberliegenden Aufhängung (27). 2. Steam generator according to claim 1 with consoles arranged in the spaces between the tube bundles with the following features a) The coil tube bundle (5) underneath is suspended (27) from the brackets (28). b) The brackets (28) carry the spiral tube bundle (5) above after a failure of the suspension (27) above. 3. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1 mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) Am unteren Ende (7) des Speisewasser-Fallrohres (6) sind mehrere Verteilerrohrleitungen (8) übereinander angeschlossen, b) diese Verteilerrohrleitungen (8) sind wendelförmig ineinander angeordnet, c) die anderen Enden dieser Verteilerrohrleitungen (8) münden in über den Umfang verteilten Unterverteilern (9) für die Wendelrohrbündel (5). 3. Steam generator according to claim 1 with the following features: a) at the lower end (7) of the feed water down pipe (6), several distributor pipes (8) are connected one above the other, b) these distributor pipes (8) are arranged helically one inside the other, c) the other ends of these distributor pipelines (8) open into sub-distributors (9) distributed over the circumference for the spiral tube bundles (5). 4. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 3 mit mehreren über den Umfang verteilten zylindrischen Unterverteilern mit nach außen gerichtetem Rohrboden für die Wendelrohre und nach innen gerichtetem abgerundeten Boden mit folgenden Merkmalen : a) Zwischen den abgerundeten Böden der Unterverteiler (9) ist eine Stützkonstruktion (13) angeordnet. b) Diese Stützkonstruktion (13) hat nur geringe Abstände von den abgerundeten Böden der Unterverteiler (9). 4. Steam generator according to claim 3 with a plurality of cylindrical sub-distributors distributed over the circumference with an outwardly directed tube plate for the helical tubes and an inwardly directed rounded plate with the following features: a) A support structure (13) is arranged between the rounded bottoms of the sub-distributors (9). b) This support structure (13) has only small distances from the rounded bottoms of the sub-distributor (9). . 5. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 3 mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) Das untere Ende (7) des Speisewasser-Fallrohres (6) ist mit geringem Abstand von einem an seinem unteren Ende geschlossenen Doppelrohr (12) umgeben, b) dieses Doppelrohr (12) ist an der Innenseite des Zentralrohres (4) befestigt. . 5. Steam generator according to claim 3 with the following features: a) The lower end (7) of the feed water down pipe (6) is surrounded at a short distance by a double pipe (12) closed at its lower end, b) this double tube (12) is attached to the inside of the central tube (4). 6. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1; die Wendelrohre münden in Rohrböden von Sammlern mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) Der Verteiler bzw. Sammler (27) ist von rotationssymmetrischer Form zur angrenzenden Sammelleitung (23, 24); b) der Rohrboden (25) ist Teil einer Kugelfläche. 6. Steam generator according to claim 1; the spiral pipes lead to collectors' tube sheets with the following characteristics: a) The distributor or collector (27) is of rotationally symmetrical shape to the adjacent manifold (23, 24); b) the tube sheet (25) is part of a spherical surface. 7. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1 mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) Das Zentralrohr (4) ruht an seinem unteren Ende in senkrechter Richtung gleitend in einer Zentrierung (14) am Boden des Behälters (1). 7. Steam generator according to claim 1 with the following features: a) The central tube (4) rests at its lower end in a vertical direction in a centering (14) on the bottom of the container (1). 8. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 4 mit folgenden Merkmalen: a) Jeder Unterverteiler (9) ist mit einer Entleerungsleitung (30) versehen. b) Die Entleerungsleitungen sind einzeln oder zusammengefaßt (31) im Zentralrohr (4) nach oben geführt. 8. Steam generator according to claim 4 with the following features: a) Each sub-distributor (9) is provided with a drain line (30). b) The drain lines are individually or combined (31) in the central tube (4) upwards.
EP79104671A 1978-11-27 1979-11-23 Liquid-metal heated steam generator with integrated reheater Expired EP0011834B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT79104671T ATE389T1 (en) 1978-11-27 1979-11-23 LIQUID METAL HEATED STEAM GENERATOR WITH INTEGRATED REPEATER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19782851197 DE2851197A1 (en) 1978-11-27 1978-11-27 LIQUID METAL HEATED STEAM GENERATOR WITH INTEGRATED INTERMEDIATE HEATING
DE2851197 1978-11-27

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EP (1) EP0011834B1 (en)
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AT (1) ATE389T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1980001101A1 (en)

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EP0011834B1 (en) 1981-11-11
DE2851197A1 (en) 1980-06-12
JPS6122721B2 (en) 1986-06-02
JPS55501155A (en) 1980-12-18
ATE389T1 (en) 1981-11-15
WO1980001101A1 (en) 1980-05-29
US4446820A (en) 1984-05-08

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