EP0008783A1 - Method and means for decomposing vegetal materials - Google Patents
Method and means for decomposing vegetal materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0008783A1 EP0008783A1 EP79103230A EP79103230A EP0008783A1 EP 0008783 A1 EP0008783 A1 EP 0008783A1 EP 79103230 A EP79103230 A EP 79103230A EP 79103230 A EP79103230 A EP 79103230A EP 0008783 A1 EP0008783 A1 EP 0008783A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- weight
- lignin
- water
- acids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000023514 Barrett esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000969 xylosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000040384 Quercus garryana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045348 brown mixture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical class CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfo compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K13/00—Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
- C13K13/002—Xylose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/20—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic solvents or in solvent environment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a means for digesting vegetable raw materials at higher temperatures and elevated pressure for the simultaneous production of pentoses, lignin and cellulose.
- the method by which vegetable raw materials are broken down depends on whether one prefers to obtain cellulose or pentoses from the raw material. To Ge When cellulose is obtained, the materials are broken down using alkali and alkaline earth sulfites or the sulfate process. The lignin is obtained in the form of sulfo compounds as an annoying by-product.
- the vegetable raw materials are preferably subjected to acidic hydrolysis, as can be seen, for example, from German patent 12 04 149.
- Cello lignin is obtained as a solid residue.
- German patent specification 19 29 268 describes the processing of sulfite lye to obtain pentoses by extraction with organic solvents.
- a method for the production of xylose and cellulose is described in French patent specification 1 477 305; treating plant material with dilute acids and hydrolyzing and dissolving the hemicelluloses contained therein.
- the residue, which contains lignin and cellulose is freed of lignin by sulfite or sulfate digestion.
- the cellulose obtained can be processed into spinnable viscose. With this digestion, large amounts of wastewater are naturally produced, which are associated with the degradation pro products of the lignin are heavily contaminated.
- the aim of the present invention is a method and an agent with which both cellulose, pentoses and lignin are obtained in a directly usable form during digestion. Contrary to the finding in Ullmann's Encyclopedia, Volume 11, page 780, that acid lignin, ie lignin from vegetable material treated with strong acids, is insoluble in acids and organic solvents, it was surprisingly found that extraction of Lig nin together with a high proportion of hemicellulose hydrolyzates is readily possible if the hydrolysis of the vegetable raw material is carried out with the addition of strong acids, water and alcohol. A cellulose containing only a little lignin and hemicelluloses is thus obtained.
- Mineral or organic acids which have a dissociation constant of at least 1.76 are advantageously used for the digestion process. 10 -4 have, or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred acids are sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrochloric acid, methane and toluenesulfonic acid.
- Oxalic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid as well as phosphoric acid and phosphonic acids are also suitable for the digestion process.
- anhydrides can also be used.
- the sulfurous acid is particularly suitable, as it is very easy to remove after the digestion has ended, since it is volatile and can be distilled off with the alcohol and part of the water, with the lignin precipitating. The extensive treatment with anion exchangers can thus largely be avoided.
- sulphurous acid used in similar concentrations to sulfuric acid, leads to equally good results with short digestion times.
- sulphurous acid can be added to the digestion mixture as a solution or can be introduced into the hydrolysis mixture in gaseous form as an anhydride.
- the lignin is precipitated in a known manner by evaporating the added alcohol, although separation problems can occur due to the resinous separation of the lignin.
- This disadvantage can be overcome when using plant material containing tannins, e.g. Oak wood, chestnut wood, sawn timber or grape combs as such or in a mixture with other types of wood, e.g. Avoid beech and birch, or straw as much as possible.
- the mixture used for the digestion should contain 10 to 40% by weight of alcohol, 0.2 to 2% by weight of the acids mentioned and the remainder water. Preference is given to a digestion mixture containing 0.4 to 1.5, in particular 0.8 to 1.2,% by weight of sulfurous acid, 0.4 to 0.6% by weight, hydrochloric acid or 0.5 to 0.8% by weight. % Sulfuric acid, 20 to 40 wt.% Alkanol and water contains.
- Lower alcohols are suitable as alkanols; methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols are preferably used.
- the process is carried out in such a way that the material to be digested is heated in a pressure vessel to temperatures of 140 to 190.degree. C., in particular 160 to 180.degree. C. after the alcohol-acid / water mixture has been added for 1 to 5 hours.
- a liquor ratio of solid: hydrolysis liquid of 1: 3 to 1:10, preferably 1: 4 to 1: 6, is set.
- the hydrolysis solution is decanted off and the residue, which mainly consists of cellulose, is washed several times with 50% alcohol and then dried.
- the hydrolysis and washing solution are concentrated to 1/5 to 1/6 of their volume, the lignin precipitating.
- the P are entosen contained in the remaining solution, is carried out its work-up for the recovery of the pentoses, particularly xylose in a conventional manner, namely, treatment with Entfärberharz, deionization and evaporation to crystallization.
- 200g beech chips (calculated as dry matter) are mixed in a stainless steel autoclave with 180g ethanol and 220g dilute sulfuric acid, which contains 1.8g H 2 S0 4 .
- the pressure vessel is then heated to 175 to 180 ° C and left in this temperature range for 1 hour. After cooling, the dark brown solution is decanted off and the residue is washed twice with 200 ml of warm 50% ethanol. After drying, 77.9 g of residue with a methoxyl content of less than 2% are obtained.
- the combined solutions are concentrated in a water jet vacuum to 1/5 to 1/6 of their original volume, a resinous mass separating out, which mainly consists of lignin.
- the brownish-colored solution decanted from this contains 39.2 g of reducing sugar.
- the pentose content is 34.6 g.
- 21 g of xylose could be crystallized by adding methanol.
- the solution contains 47.2 g of reducing sugar, the dry cellulose residue is 65.3 g and 50.2 g are separated off as the lignin tanning powder. After decolorization and deionization of the sugar solution, 26.4 g of xylose could be obtained after repeated crystallization.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren und ein Mittel zum Aufschließen von pflanzlichen Rohstoffen bei höheren Temperaturen und erhöhtem Druck zur gleichzeitigen Gewinnung von Pentosen, Lignin und Cellulose.The present invention relates to a method and a means for digesting vegetable raw materials at higher temperatures and elevated pressure for the simultaneous production of pentoses, lignin and cellulose.
Nach welchem Verfahren man pflanzliche Rohstoffe aufschließt, hängt davon ab, ob man bevorzugt Cellulose oder Pentosen aus dem Rohmaterial gewinnen will. Zur Gewinnung von Cellulose werden die Materialien mittels Alkali- und Erdalkalisulfiten bzw. nach dem Sulfat-Verfahren aufgeschlossen. Hierbei fällt das Lignin in Form von Sulfo-Verbindungen als lästiges Nebenprodukt an.The method by which vegetable raw materials are broken down depends on whether one prefers to obtain cellulose or pentoses from the raw material. To Ge When cellulose is obtained, the materials are broken down using alkali and alkaline earth sulfites or the sulfate process. The lignin is obtained in the form of sulfo compounds as an annoying by-product.
Zur Gewinnung von Pentosen ist dieser Aufschluß wenig geeignet. In diesem Fall werden die pflanzlichen Rohstoffe bevorzugt einer sauren Hydrolyse unterworfen, wie beispielsweise aus der deutschen Patentschrift 12 04 149 hervorgeht. Dabei erhält man als festen Rückstand Cello-Lignin. F. Klages berichtet bereits in seinem Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie, III, S. 415 (1958), daß beim Behandeln von Holz mit Säure das im Holz enthaltene Lignin in einer unlöslichen Form als Cello-Lignin anfällt.This digestion is not very suitable for obtaining pentoses. In this case, the vegetable raw materials are preferably subjected to acidic hydrolysis, as can be seen, for example, from German patent 12 04 149. Cello lignin is obtained as a solid residue. F. Klages already reports in his textbook of organic chemistry, III, p. 415 (1958) that when wood is treated with acid, the lignin contained in the wood is obtained in an insoluble form as cello lignin.
In der deutschen Patentschrift 19 29 268 wird die Aufarbeitung von Sulfit-Ablaugen zur Gewinnung von Pentosen durch Extraktion mit organischen Lösungsmitteln beschrieben.The German patent specification 19 29 268 describes the processing of sulfite lye to obtain pentoses by extraction with organic solvents.
In der französischen Patentschrift 1 477 305 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xylose und Cellulose geschildert; wobei man pflanzliches Material mit verdünnten Säuren behandelt und die darin enthaltenen Hemicellulosen hydrolisiert und herauslöst. In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt wird dann der Rückstand, der Lignin und Cellulose enthält, durch Sulfit- oder Sulfataufschluß von Lignin befreit. Die erhaltene Cellulose kann zu verspinnbarer Viskose verarbeitet werden. Bei diesem Aufschluß fallen naturgemäß große Mengen Abwasser an, die mit Abbauprodukten des Lignins stark verunreinigt sind.A method for the production of xylose and cellulose is described in French patent specification 1 477 305; treating plant material with dilute acids and hydrolyzing and dissolving the hemicelluloses contained therein. In a further process step, the residue, which contains lignin and cellulose, is freed of lignin by sulfite or sulfate digestion. The cellulose obtained can be processed into spinnable viscose. With this digestion, large amounts of wastewater are naturally produced, which are associated with the degradation pro products of the lignin are heavily contaminated.
Nach dem sogenannten Organosolv-Verfahren, wie es in der US-PS 3 585 104 beschrieben ist, nutzt man die Löslichkeit von Lignin in Wasser-Alkohol-Mischung zur Gewinnung verhältnismäßig reiner Cellulose-Materialien. Die nach diesem Verfahren erzielte höhere Zellstoffausbeute beruht auf einem höheren Anteil an Hemicellulose in dem Zellstoff im Vergleich mit nach anderen Verfahren erhaltenem Zellstoff. So ist es nicht überraschend, daß die Hydrolyselösungen Pentosen in recht geringer Konzentration enthalten, so daß ihre Isolierung unwirtschaftlich ist.According to the so-called Organosolv process, as described in US Pat. No. 3,585,104, the solubility of lignin in a water-alcohol mixture is used to obtain relatively pure cellulose materials. The higher pulp yield achieved by this process is based on a higher proportion of hemicellulose in the pulp compared to pulp obtained by other processes. It is therefore not surprising that the hydrolysis solutions contain pentoses in a very low concentration, so that their isolation is uneconomical.
Die bisher bekannten Verfahren zum Aufschluß pflanzlicher Rohstoffe zielten nur auf die Gewinnung eines Hauptbestandteils des pflanzlichen Materials in direkt verwertbarer Form. Je nach Verfahrensführung wurde entweder die Cellulose oder das Hemicellulose-Hydrolysat gewonnen, während dabei das Lignin als Sulfo-Verbindung bzw. als unlösliches Cello-Lignin erhalten wurde.The previously known processes for the digestion of vegetable raw materials only aimed at obtaining a main component of the vegetable material in a directly usable form. Depending on the procedure, either the cellulose or the hemicellulose hydrolyzate was obtained, while the lignin was obtained as a sulfo compound or as an insoluble cello lignin.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren und ein Mittel, mit dem sowohl Cellulose, Pentosen und Lignin beim Aufschluß in direkt verwertbarer Form erhalten werden. Entgegen der Feststellung in Ullmann's Enzyklopädie, Band 11, Seite 780, daß Säurelignin, d.h. Lignin aus mit starken Säuren behandeltem pflanzlichen Material, in Säuren und organischen Lösungsmitteln unlöslich sei, wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, daß eine Extraktion von Lignin zusammen mit einem hohen Anteil von Hemicellulose-Hydrolysaten ohne weiteres möglich ist, wenn man die Hydrolyse des pflanzlichen Rohstoffes unter Zugabe von starken Säuren, Wasser und Alkohol durchführt. Man erhält so eine nur wenig Lignin und Hemicellulosen enthaltende Cellulose.The aim of the present invention is a method and an agent with which both cellulose, pentoses and lignin are obtained in a directly usable form during digestion. Contrary to the finding in Ullmann's Encyclopedia, Volume 11, page 780, that acid lignin, ie lignin from vegetable material treated with strong acids, is insoluble in acids and organic solvents, it was surprisingly found that extraction of Lig nin together with a high proportion of hemicellulose hydrolyzates is readily possible if the hydrolysis of the vegetable raw material is carried out with the addition of strong acids, water and alcohol. A cellulose containing only a little lignin and hemicelluloses is thus obtained.
Vorteilhaft wendet man für das Aufschlußverfahren Mineralsäuren oder organische Säuren, die eine Dissoziationskonstante von mindestens 1,76 . 10-4 aufweisen, oder deren Gemische an. Bevorzugte Säuren sind Schwefelsäure, schweflige Säure, Salzsäure, Methan- und Toluolsulfonsäure. Auch Oxalsäure, Wein- und Citronensäure sowie Phosphorsäure und Phosphonsäuren eignen sich für das Aufschlußverfahren. Anstelle der freien Säure selbst können auch Anhydride Verwendung finden. Ganz besonders eignet sich die schweflige Säure, die sich nach Beendigung des Aufschlusses sehr leicht entfernen läßt, da sie leicht flüchtig ist und mit dem Alkohol sowie einem Teil des Wassers abdestilliert werden kann, wobei das Lignin ausfällt. Man kann so das aufwendige Behandeln mit Anionenaustauschern weitgehend vermeiden.Mineral or organic acids which have a dissociation constant of at least 1.76 are advantageously used for the digestion process. 10 -4 have, or mixtures thereof. Preferred acids are sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrochloric acid, methane and toluenesulfonic acid. Oxalic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid as well as phosphoric acid and phosphonic acids are also suitable for the digestion process. Instead of the free acid itself, anhydrides can also be used. The sulfurous acid is particularly suitable, as it is very easy to remove after the digestion has ended, since it is volatile and can be distilled off with the alcohol and part of the water, with the lignin precipitating. The extensive treatment with anion exchangers can thus largely be avoided.
Während die flüchtigen organischen Säuren, wie Ameisen-oder Essigsäure lange Reaktionszeiten selbst bei höheren Einsatzmengen gegenüber den Mineralsäuren fordern, war es überraschend, daß schweflige Säure, in ähnlichen Konzentrationen wie Schwefelsäure angewandt, bei kurzen Aufschlußzeiten zu gleich guten Ergebnissen führt. Schweflige Säure kann sowohl als Lösung der Aufschlußmischung zugesetzt oder als Anhydrid gasförmig in die Hydrolysemischung eingebracht werden.While the volatile organic acids, such as formic or acetic acid, require long reaction times even with higher amounts compared to the mineral acids, it was surprising that sulphurous acid, used in similar concentrations to sulfuric acid, leads to equally good results with short digestion times. sulphurous acid can be added to the digestion mixture as a solution or can be introduced into the hydrolysis mixture in gaseous form as an anhydride.
Eine Fällung des Lignins erreicht man in bekannter Weise durch Verdampfen des zugesetzten Alkohols, wobei jedoch wegen der harzigen Abscheidung des Lignins Trennprobleme auftreten können. Dieser Nachteil läßt sich bei Einsatz gerbstoffhaltigen Pflanzenmaterials, z.B. Eichenholz, Kastanienholz, Rebschnittholz oder Traubenkämme als solche oder in Mischung mit anderen Holzarten, z.B. Buche und Birke, oder Stroh weitgehendst vermeiden. Es ist auch noch möglich, den Gerbstoff direkt der Lösung vor der Destillation zuzusetzen, wobei etwa 2 bis 5%, bezogen auf eingesetztes Ausgangsmaterial, erforderlich sind. Das Lignin fällt bei einem solchen Vorgehen in pulvriger Form, zusammen mit den schwerlöslichen Gerbstoff-Kondensaten, an.The lignin is precipitated in a known manner by evaporating the added alcohol, although separation problems can occur due to the resinous separation of the lignin. This disadvantage can be overcome when using plant material containing tannins, e.g. Oak wood, chestnut wood, sawn timber or grape combs as such or in a mixture with other types of wood, e.g. Avoid beech and birch, or straw as much as possible. It is also possible to add the tanning agent directly to the solution before the distillation, about 2 to 5%, based on the starting material used, being required. With such a procedure, the lignin is obtained in powder form, together with the sparingly soluble tannin condensates.
Neben den bereits genannten Holzarten und Stroh können noch andere Hölzer, wie Pappel, Esche, Espe usw. sowie Bagasse und andere pentosenhaltige Abfallprodukte, z.B. Maisstroh, Maiskolben, Haferschalen, Schilf, Reisschalen usw.eingesetzt werden. Das zum Aufschluß eingesetzte Gemisch soll 10 bis 40 Gew.% Alkohol, 0,2 bis 2 Gew.% der genannten Säuren und als Rest Wasser enthalten. Bevorzugt wird ein Aufschlußgemisch das 0,4 bis 1,5, insbesondere 0,8 bis 1,2 Gew.% schweflige Säure, 0,4 bis 0,6 Gew,.% Salzsäure bzw. 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.% Schwefelsäure, 20 bis 40 Gew.% Alkanol und Wasser enthält.Apart from the aforementioned types of wood and straw are other woods such as poplar, ash, aspen, etc. and bagasse and other pentosenhaltige waste products, such as M can aisstroh, corn cobs, oat hulls, reed, rice husks are usw.eingesetzt. The mixture used for the digestion should contain 10 to 40% by weight of alcohol, 0.2 to 2% by weight of the acids mentioned and the remainder water. Preference is given to a digestion mixture containing 0.4 to 1.5, in particular 0.8 to 1.2,% by weight of sulfurous acid, 0.4 to 0.6% by weight, hydrochloric acid or 0.5 to 0.8% by weight. % Sulfuric acid, 20 to 40 wt.% Alkanol and water contains.
Als Alkanole eignen sich niedere Alkohole; bevorzugt werden Methanol, Äthanol, Propanole und Butanole eingesetzt.Lower alcohols are suitable as alkanols; methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols are preferably used.
Allgemein wird das Verfahren so durchgeführt, daß man das aufzuschließende Material in einem Druckgefäß auf Temperaturen von 140 bis 190°C, insbesondere 160 bis 180°C nach Zugabe des Alkohol-Säure-Wassergemisches während 1 bis 5 Stunden erhitzt. Dabei wird ein Flottenverhältnis an Feststoff: Hydrolyse-Flüssigkeit von 1 : 3 bis 1 : 10, vorzugsweise 1 : 4 bis 1 : 6 eingestellt. Nach Abkühlen wird die Hydrolyse-Lösung abdekantiert und der Rückstand, der in der Hauptsache aus Cellulose besteht, mehrmals mit 50%igem Alkohol gewaschen und anschließend getrocknet. Die Hydrolyse- und Waschlösung werden auf 1/5 bis 1/6 ihres Volumens eingeengt, wobei das Lignin ausfällt. Die Pentosen sind in der verbleibenden Lösung enthalten, deren Aufarbeitung zur Gewinnung von Pentosen,insbesondere Xylose, in üblicher Weise, nämlich Behandeln mit Entfärberharz, Entionisieren und Eindampfen bis zur Kristallisation erfolgt.In general, the process is carried out in such a way that the material to be digested is heated in a pressure vessel to temperatures of 140 to 190.degree. C., in particular 160 to 180.degree. C. after the alcohol-acid / water mixture has been added for 1 to 5 hours. A liquor ratio of solid: hydrolysis liquid of 1: 3 to 1:10, preferably 1: 4 to 1: 6, is set. After cooling, the hydrolysis solution is decanted off and the residue, which mainly consists of cellulose, is washed several times with 50% alcohol and then dried. The hydrolysis and washing solution are concentrated to 1/5 to 1/6 of their volume, the lignin precipitating. The P are entosen contained in the remaining solution, is carried out its work-up for the recovery of the pentoses, particularly xylose in a conventional manner, namely, treatment with Entfärberharz, deionization and evaporation to crystallization.
200g Buchenhackspäne (als Trockensubstanz gerechnet) werden in einem Edelstahl -Autoklaven mit 180g Äthanol und 220g verdünnter Schwefelsäure, die 1,8g H2S04 enthält, versetzt. Das Druckgefäß wird dann auf 175 bis 180°C erhitzt und 1 Stunde in diesem Temperaturbereich belassen. Nach Abkühlen dekantiert man die dunkelbraune Lösung ab und wäscht den Rückstand zweimal mit je 200 ml warmem 50%igem Äthanol. Nach Trocknen erhält man 77,9g Rückstand mit einem Methoxyl-Gehalt unter 2%. Die vereinigten Lösungen werden im Wasserstrahlvakuum auf 1/5 bis 1/6 ihres ursprünglichen Volumens eingeengt, wobei sich eine harzige Masse abscheidet, die in der Hauptsache aus Lignin besteht. Die hiervon abdekantierte bräunlich gefärbte Lösung enthält 39,2g reduzierende Zucker. Der Pentose-Gehalt beträgt 34,6g. Nach Behandeln der Lösung mit einem Entfärberharz, Entionisieren und Eindampfen konnten durch Methanolzugabe 21g Xylose kristallisiert erhalten werden.200g beech chips (calculated as dry matter) are mixed in a stainless steel autoclave with 180g ethanol and 220g dilute sulfuric acid, which contains 1.8g H 2 S0 4 . The pressure vessel is then heated to 175 to 180 ° C and left in this temperature range for 1 hour. After cooling, the dark brown solution is decanted off and the residue is washed twice with 200 ml of warm 50% ethanol. After drying, 77.9 g of residue with a methoxyl content of less than 2% are obtained. The combined solutions are concentrated in a water jet vacuum to 1/5 to 1/6 of their original volume, a resinous mass separating out, which mainly consists of lignin. The brownish-colored solution decanted from this contains 39.2 g of reducing sugar. The pentose content is 34.6 g. After treating the solution with a decolorizing resin, deionizing and evaporating, 21 g of xylose could be crystallized by adding methanol.
281g Eichenhackspäne mit' einem Trockensubstanzgehalt von 184g wurden in einem Druckgefäß mit einer Mischung von 520 ml Wasser, 490 ml Äthanol und 3,4g Schwefelsäure während 2 Stunden auf 160 bis 165°C erhitzt. Die erhaltene Reaktionsmischung wird nach Abkühlen auf eine Porzellan-Nutsche gegeben und abtropfen gelassen. Den Rückstand wäscht man zweimal mit je 150 ml 50%igem Äthanol. Reaktionslösung und Waschflüssigkeiten werden vereinigt und im Wasserstrahlvakuum auf ungefähr 250 ml eingedampft. Hierbei fallen Lignin und Gerbstoffe als grau-braunes Pulver aus, das abfiltriert wird. Die Lösung enthält 47,2g reduzierende Zucker, der trockene Celluloserückstand beträgt 65,3g und als Lignin-Gerbstoff-Pulver werden 50,2g abgetrennt. Nach Entfärben und Entionisieren der Zuckerlösung konnte nach mehrmaliger Kristallisation 26,4g Xylose erhalten werden.281 g of wood chips with a dry matter content of 184 g were heated in a pressure vessel with a mixture of 520 ml of water, 490 ml of ethanol and 3.4 g of sulfuric acid at 160 to 165 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture obtained is placed on a porcelain suction filter and allowed to drain. The residue is washed twice with 150 ml of 50% ethanol. Reaction solution and washing liquids are combined and evaporated to about 250 ml in a water jet vacuum. Lignin and tannins precipitate out as a gray-brown powder that is filtered off. The solution contains 47.2 g of reducing sugar, the dry cellulose residue is 65.3 g and 50.2 g are separated off as the lignin tanning powder. After decolorization and deionization of the sugar solution, 26.4 g of xylose could be obtained after repeated crystallization.
220g getrocknete Birkenhackschnitzel mit einer Restfeuchte von 16% wurden mit einer Mischung von 415 ml Wasser, 350g Äthanol und 3,3g Chlorwasserstoff 1 Stunde bei 180°C aufgeschlossen. Es wurden nach Aufarbeiten 68,8g Xyloserückstand, 49,7g Lignin und in der Lösung 37,4g reduzierende Zucker erhalten. Bei Verwendung von 3,5g Methansulfonsäure bei sonst gleichen Bedingungen wurde ein ähnliches Ergebnis erzielt.220 g of dried birch chips with a residual moisture content of 16% were digested with a mixture of 415 ml of water, 350 g of ethanol and 3.3 g of hydrogen chloride at 180 ° C. for 1 hour. After working up, 68.8 g of xylose residue, 49.7 g of lignin and 37.4 g of reducing sugar were obtained in the solution. A similar result was achieved when using 3.5 g of methanesulfonic acid under otherwise identical conditions.
Gehäckseltes Weizenstroh mit einem Trockengehalt von 124,5g wurde mit 60° warmen Wasser zur Entfernung anhaftenden Staubes gewaschen und bei 65° getrocknet. In einem emaillierten Autoklaven wurde das vorbehandelte Stroh mit einer Mischung aus 249g Äthanol und 374 ml Wasser, die 0,5 Gew.% Chlorwasserstoff enthielt, während 2 Stunden auf 165°C erhitzt. Die erhaltene braune Mischung wurde über eine Porzellan-Nutsche abgesaugt, mit 50%igem Methanol oder Äthanol gewaschen. Die vereinigten Filtrate wurden zur Fällung des Lignins eingeengt. Es wurden 39,4g Celluloserückstand, 22g Lignin und 27,1g reduzierende Zucker bestimmt.Chopped wheat straw with a dry matter content of 124.5 g was washed with 60 ° warm water to remove adhering dust and dried at 65 °. In an enamelled autoclave, the pretreated straw was heated to 165 ° C. for 2 hours with a mixture of 249 g of ethanol and 374 ml of water, which contained 0.5% by weight of hydrogen chloride. The brown mixture obtained was suction filtered through a porcelain suction filter, washed with 50% methanol or ethanol. The combined filtrates were concentrated to precipitate the lignin. 39.4 g of cellulose residue, 22 g of lignin and 27.1 g of reducing sugar were determined.
170g geschnittene Maisstengel mit einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 24% wurden mit einer Mischung aus 300 ml Wasser, 350g Äthanol und 2,5g Schwefelsäure in einem Edelstahl-Druckgefaß 90 Minuten auf 175° erhitzt. Nach Abkühlen denMischung wurde über eine Fritte abgesaugt, der Rückstand zweimal mit 50%igem Methanol oder Äthanol gewaschen, Filtrat und Waschflüssigkeit vereinigt und im Wasserstrahlvakuum auf 150 ml bis 200 ml eingeengt. Die hierbei abgeschiedene Ligninmenge betrug 39,2g, als Celluloserückstand wurden 44,1g erhalten, während die Lösung 32,3g reduzierende Zucker enthielt.170g cut corn stems to a moisture content of 24% were heated with a mixture of 300 ml of water, 35 0 g of ethanol and 2.5 g of sulfuric acid in a stainless steel pressure vessel 90 minutes 175 °. After the mixture had cooled, the mixture was filtered off with suction on a frit, the residue was washed twice with 50% methanol or ethanol, the filtrate and washing liquid were combined and concentrated to 150 ml to 200 ml in a water jet vacuum. The amount of lignin deposited was 39.2 g, the cellulose residue obtained was 44.1 g, while the solution contained 32.3 g of reducing sugar.
200g zerkleinertes, trockenes Rebschnittholz mit einer Restfeuchte von 18% wurde in einer Lösung, bestehend aus 160g Äthanol, 240 ml Wasser und 2 g Schwefelsäure 2 Stunden bei 170°C aufgeschlossen. Die Hydrolyse-Produkte wurden wie in den vorhergegangenen Beispielen aufgetrennt. Es wurden 46g Rückstand und aus der wässrig-alkoholischen Lösung 42g eines weinroten Lignin-Gerbstoff-Pulvers isoliert. In der Lösung konnten 30,8g reduzierende Zucker bestimmt werden.200g shredded, dry pruned lumber with a residual moisture content of 18% was digested in a solution consisting of 160g ethanol, 240 ml water and 2 g sulfuric acid at 170 ° C for 2 hours. The hydrolysis products were separated as in the previous examples. 46 g of residue were isolated and 42 g of a wine-red lignin-tannin powder was isolated from the aqueous-alcoholic solution. 30.8 g of reducing sugars could be determined in the solution.
200g grobe Pappelsägespäne mit einer Feuchte von 21% wurden in einer Hydrolyseflüssigkeit aus 240 ml Wasser, 160g Äthanol und 8g Oxalsäure aufgeschlossen. Die Hxdrolysezeit betrug 2 Stunden bei 165°C. Nach Entfernen des Lignins und Fällen der Oxalsäure mittels Calciumhydroxid konnten im Hydrolysat 22,1g reduzierende Zucker bestimmt werden.200g coarse poplar sawdust with a moisture content of 21% the digested in a hydrolysis liquid from 240 ml of water, 160g of ethanol and 8g of oxalic acid. The hydrolysis time was 2 hours at 165 ° C. After removing the lignin and precipitating the oxalic acid using calcium hydroxide, 22.1 g of reducing sugars could be determined in the hydrolyzate.
195g Buchenholzspäne mit einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 28,2% wurden mit einer Mischung aus 320 ml Wasser, 200g Äthanol und 5g schwefliger säure in einem Druckgefäß 75 Minuten bei 160°C aufgeschlossen. Nach Abtrennen des Xylose-Rückstandes wurde Äthanol, S02 und ein Teil des Wassers bis zur vollständigen Fällung des Lignins abdestilliert. Die erhaltene Lösung enthielt 29,4g reduzierende Zucker. Bei einem Aufschluß, der anstelle des Äthanol-Wassergemisches nur mit 520g Wasser und gleicher SO2 Menge durchgeführt wurde, enthielt die Lösung nur 21,2g reduzierende Zucker.195 g of beech wood chips with a moisture content of 28.2% were digested with a mixture of 320 ml of water, 200 g of ethanol and 5 g of sulfuric acid in a pressure vessel at 160 ° C. for 75 minutes. After the xylose residue had been separated off, ethanol, SO 2 and part of the water were distilled off until the lignin had completely precipitated. The solution obtained contained 29.4 g of reducing sugar. In the case of a digestion which was carried out with 520 g of water and the same amount of SO 2 instead of the ethanol / water mixture, the solution contained only 21.2 g of reducing sugar.
150g Buchenholz mit 17,5% Feuchtigkeitsgehalt wurden in einer Lösung aus 200g Äthanol, 240 ml Wasser und 15g Eisessig 90 Minuten bei 185°C erhitzt. Die nach Abdekantieren und Waschen gewonnene schwarzbraune Lösung enthielt 11,3g reduzierende Zucker. Als nicht aufgeschlossener Rückstand wurden 61,8g dunkelbraun gefärbten Materials erhalten.150 g of beech wood with a moisture content of 17.5% were heated in a solution of 200 g of ethanol, 240 ml of water and 15 g of glacial acetic acid at 185 ° C. for 90 minutes. The black-brown solution obtained after decanting and washing contained 11.3 g of reducing sugar. 61.8 g of a dark brown colored material were obtained as undigested residue.
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man die Hydrolyse unter Zugabe von starken Säuren, Wasser und Alkohol durchführt,1. Process for breaking down vegetable raw materials at higher temperatures and increased pressure for the simultaneous production of pentoses, lignin and cellulose,
characterized,
that one carries out the hydrolysis with the addition of strong acids, water and alcohol,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man Mineralsäuren und/oder organische Säuren, deren Dissoziationskonstante mindestens 1,76 10-4 beträgt, einsetzt.2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that mineral acids and / or organic acids, whose dissociation constant is at least 1.76 10 -4 , are used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man die Säuren als Anhydride einsetzt.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2,
characterized,
that the acids are used as anhydrides.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man ein Gemisch, bestehend aus 10 bis 40 Gew.% Alkohol, 0,2 bis 2 Gew.% Säure und Wasser einsetzt.4. The method according to claim 1 to 3,
characterized,
that a mixture consisting of 10 to 40 wt.% Alcohol, 0.2 to 2 wt.% Acid and water is used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man den Aufschluß mit schwefliger Säure durchführt und anschließend Alkohol und schweflige:Säure sowie einen Teil des Wassers bis zur vollständigen Ausfällung des Lignins abdestilliert.5. The method according to claim 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the digestion is carried out with sulphurous acid and then alcohol and sulphurous acid and part of the water are distilled off until the lignin has completely precipitated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Lignin in Gegenwart von Gerbstoffen ausgefällt wird.6. The method according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the lignin is precipitated in the presence of tannins.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man den Gerbstoffgehalt mittels gerbstoffreicher oder durch Mischen von gerbstoffreichen mit gerbstoffärmeren pflanzlichen Rohstoffen einstellt.7. The method according to claim 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the tannin content is adjusted by means of tannin-rich or by mixing tannin-rich with tannin-free vegetable raw materials.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2838380 | 1978-09-02 | ||
DE19782838380 DE2838380A1 (en) | 1978-09-02 | 1978-09-02 | METHOD AND MEANS FOR UNLOCKING VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0008783A1 true EP0008783A1 (en) | 1980-03-19 |
Family
ID=6048563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79103230A Withdrawn EP0008783A1 (en) | 1978-09-02 | 1979-08-31 | Method and means for decomposing vegetal materials |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0008783A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2838380A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0224470A1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-03 | Neusiedler Aktiengesellschaft für Papierfabrikation | Process for producing cellulose pulp from fibrous plant material |
WO1991005102A1 (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-04-18 | Feldmühle Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing chemo-mechanical and/or chemo-thermo-mechanical wood pulps |
EP2027159A2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2009-02-25 | American Process, Inc. | A process for the stepwise treatment of lignocellulosic material to produce reactive chemical feedstocks |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4965825A (en) | 1981-11-03 | 1990-10-23 | The Personalized Mass Media Corporation | Signal processing apparatus and methods |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1856567A (en) * | 1929-11-02 | 1932-05-03 | Kleinert Theodor | Process of decomposing vegetable fibrous matter for the purpose of the simultaneous recovery both of the cellulose and of the incrusting ingredients |
US2380448A (en) * | 1941-01-25 | 1945-07-31 | Northwood Chemical Company | Lignin and method of production |
US2959500A (en) * | 1956-02-14 | 1960-11-08 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft | Process for the saccharification of cellulose and cellulosic materials |
CH358391A (en) * | 1956-12-12 | 1961-11-15 | Udic Societe Anonyme | Process for the production of sugar solutions from plant materials |
WO1979000119A1 (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-03-22 | Thermoform Ag | Process allowing the delignification and the transformation into sugar of lignocellulose vegetal materials by using organic solvents |
-
1978
- 1978-09-02 DE DE19782838380 patent/DE2838380A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1979
- 1979-08-31 EP EP79103230A patent/EP0008783A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1856567A (en) * | 1929-11-02 | 1932-05-03 | Kleinert Theodor | Process of decomposing vegetable fibrous matter for the purpose of the simultaneous recovery both of the cellulose and of the incrusting ingredients |
US2380448A (en) * | 1941-01-25 | 1945-07-31 | Northwood Chemical Company | Lignin and method of production |
US2959500A (en) * | 1956-02-14 | 1960-11-08 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft | Process for the saccharification of cellulose and cellulosic materials |
CH358391A (en) * | 1956-12-12 | 1961-11-15 | Udic Societe Anonyme | Process for the production of sugar solutions from plant materials |
WO1979000119A1 (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-03-22 | Thermoform Ag | Process allowing the delignification and the transformation into sugar of lignocellulose vegetal materials by using organic solvents |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. LXIII, Juli-Dezember 1941, Seiten 3041-3048 W.B. HEWSON et al.: "Studies on Lignin and Related Compounds. LVII. Mechanism of the Ethanolysis Reaction" * Seite 3046; Tabel I * * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0224470A1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-03 | Neusiedler Aktiengesellschaft für Papierfabrikation | Process for producing cellulose pulp from fibrous plant material |
WO1991005102A1 (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-04-18 | Feldmühle Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing chemo-mechanical and/or chemo-thermo-mechanical wood pulps |
EP2027159A2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2009-02-25 | American Process, Inc. | A process for the stepwise treatment of lignocellulosic material to produce reactive chemical feedstocks |
EP2027159A4 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2012-02-01 | American Process Inc | A process for the stepwise treatment of lignocellulosic material to produce reactive chemical feedstocks |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2838380A1 (en) | 1980-03-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2737118C2 (en) | ||
EP2611820B1 (en) | Method for lignin recovery | |
DE2732289C2 (en) | ||
EP1190137B1 (en) | Method for separating lignocellulose-containing biomass | |
DE2027319B2 (en) | Process for the production of chemically readily soluble cellulose | |
WO1993022492A1 (en) | Production of cellulose by the soda-anthraquinone process (sap) with recovery of the boiling chemicals | |
DE2545111C3 (en) | Process for the two-stage digestion of xylan-containing natural products for the purpose of obtaining xylose | |
CH645685A5 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUGAR AND LIGNIN FROM CRUSHED LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL. | |
WO2006066724A1 (en) | Method for production of hemicellulose from lignocellulose material | |
DE2920731C2 (en) | Lignocellulose digestion process with a mixture of water and low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol and metal salt | |
EP0008783A1 (en) | Method and means for decomposing vegetal materials | |
DD208173A5 (en) | METHOD FOR OBTAINING WATER-SOLUBLE SACCHARIDES FROM CELLULOSIC MATERIAL | |
DE3445132A1 (en) | Wood pulping with acetic acid | |
DE2113851A1 (en) | Process for the production of mannose and mannose derivatives | |
DE2908993A1 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE MATERIALS AND USE FOR PRODUCING GLUCOSE | |
DE2545112C3 (en) | Process for the production of xylose by digesting annual plants, especially straw | |
DE19603491A1 (en) | Production of fibrous cellulose@ material free from other plant components | |
DE967724C (en) | Process for the treatment of the waste liquors resulting from the digestion of cellulosic materials | |
AT512345A2 (en) | lignin | |
DE2358472C3 (en) | Process for the production of XyloseHteungen | |
AT398990B (en) | METHOD FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF PLANT MATERIALS | |
WO1997049858A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing paper pulp/cellulose | |
DE3423024A1 (en) | Wood digestion by acetic acid and chloroethanol | |
DE2530457A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING FIBER MATERIAL SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD, LIGNIN, XYLOSE AND / OR FURFUROL FROM VEGETABLE MATERIALS | |
AT205946B (en) | Process for the production of sugar solutions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19810223 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SPATZ, WILHELM Inventor name: SOMMER, KLAUS, DR. |