Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
  • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

• the present invention relates to petroleum fuels, and more particularly to such fuels having small quantities of water emulsified therein.
• petroleum fuels it is intended to include all grades of those products known as fuel oils, as well as refined fractions, such as gasoline and kerosene, which are used for burners in furnaces and boilers, and for piston, turbine and jet engines.
• stable emulsions of small quantities of water (i.e. up to about 15 or 20%) in petroleum fuels can be produced, even without the use of stabilizing additives.
• stable emulsion is meant emulsions that can be stored for three months, or more, without any appreciable change, or separation of the dispersed phase from the continuous phase. Because of the stability of these emulsions, it is possible to produce them at a central processing station for normal distribution to consumption locations, where the emulsified fuel may then be stored and fed to burners, or the like, as required, without additional or in-line emulsification treatment.
• Emulsions of the present invention are not easily obtained. It has been found that these emulsions can be formed by passing oil and water in the desired ratio through a high speed or high energy rotary impact mill.
• a rotary impact mill of the type utilized for the practice of the present invention is shown in U.S. Patent 3,171,604 to K.H. Conley, et al., and the disclosure of that patent is incorporated herein by reference. In the particular mill utilized for the specific embodiments of the present specifi
• the rotor element had 6 concentric circular rows of impact pins, interdigitated with 5 concentric circular rows of impact pins on the stator.
• the outermost row of pins was located on a 35 inch diameter circle, on the rotor.
• the diameter of the impact pins was 0.375 inch, and the center to center spacing of adjacent pins in the same circular row was 1.6 inches, and the center to center spacing between interdigitated adjacent rows of pins was 0.625 inch.
• the mill was operated at a rotor speed of 1650 rpm, producing a linear peripheral speed of 15,119 feet per minute.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an emulsion for use as a combustion fuel for furnaces , boilers and engines .
• Still another object of the invention is to provide such a combustion fuel which can be stored -for significant periods of time without losing its emulsion state.
• Fig. 1 is a graph plotting the emulsion stability vs. droplet size of water in oil emulsions, for residual oil, low sulfur (0.5%), viscosity at 100°F. of 400 SSU and 0.85 poises per second; and
• Fig. 2 is a graph corresponding to Fig. 1, but for residual oil, high sulfur (2.5%), viscosity at 100°F, of 4000 SSU and 8.0 poises per second.
• the rotary impact mill as above described was utilized. Petroleum oil and water were each fed into the mill at relative rates to provide approximately 10% by weight of water in the mixture. Numerous samples of water in petroleum oil emulsions were produced, and by producing various samples at different rotor speeds for the mill, different water droplet sizes, and different size distributions were obtained. From these samples, the settling rates for various water droplet sizes were determined. The reciprocal of the settling rate is used as a measure .of relative stability of the emulsions for the various water droplet sizes.
• the petroleum fuel used to form the water in oil emulsions is a residual oil, lower sulfur (0.5%), viscosity at 100°F. of 400 SSU and 0.85 poises per second.
• the following table sets forth the settling rate (SR) in inches per month for different water droplet sizes in the emulsion, and, as a relative measure of emulsion stability for each droplet size, the reciprocal of the settling rate (1/SR) .
• Example II the petroleum fuel used to form the water in oil emulsion is a residual oil, high sulfur (2.5%), viscosity at 100°F of 4000 SSU and 8.0 poises per second.
• the following table sets forth the settling rates (SR) in inches per month for different water droplet sizes in the emulsions, and, as a relative measure of emulsion stability for each droplet size, the reciprocal of the settling rate (1/SR).

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25286503

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1978
  • 1978-10-11 WO PCT/US1978/000107 patent/WO1979000211A1/en unknown
  • 1978-10-11 GB GB7920316A patent/GB2023647B/en not_active Expired
  • 1978-10-11 JP JP50005278A patent/JPS54500018A/ja active Pending
  • 1978-10-13 ES ES474211A patent/ES474211A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1978-10-13 IT IT51495/78A patent/IT1109284B/it active
  • 1978-10-13 CA CA313,409A patent/CA1107067A/en not_active Expired
• 1979
  • 1979-04-24 EP EP78900164A patent/EP0007363A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1979-06-13 SE SE7905217A patent/SE425094B/sv unknown
• 1980
  • 1980-04-02 FR FR8007655A patent/FR2468639A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events