EP0006746A1 - An apparatus for and a process of detecting pollution in an aqueous medium - Google Patents
An apparatus for and a process of detecting pollution in an aqueous medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0006746A1 EP0006746A1 EP79301214A EP79301214A EP0006746A1 EP 0006746 A1 EP0006746 A1 EP 0006746A1 EP 79301214 A EP79301214 A EP 79301214A EP 79301214 A EP79301214 A EP 79301214A EP 0006746 A1 EP0006746 A1 EP 0006746A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reservoir
- detector
- coalescer
- clean water
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101100165177 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1826—Organic contamination in water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for detecting pollution of an aqueous effluent by soluble organic or inorganic compounds.
- an apparatus fcr detecting pollution of an aqueous effluent comprises:
- the clean water reservoir (e) may be provided with a level detector which operates the valve allowing clean water to enter its reservoir (e). Also the conduit through which the clean water passes on its way to the reservoir (e) may be provided with a security device which stops the apparatus should clean water not be available.
- the clean water which may be for example tap water, deionized water or distilled water supplies both its reservcir and the thermostatically controlled bath. After leaving its reservoir and after passing through its filter the clean water enters the thermostatically controlled bath and (g) the conductimeter (j) (when used) and then the coalescer (h). This bath controls the temperature of the water going through the coalescer (h) and device (i). This bath may also be used, if needed for the thermostatic control of the conductimeter (j) and of detector (k). Any overflow of clean water from the thermostatically controlled bath (g) can be returned back to the clean water reservoir.
- the clean water which may be for example tap water, deionized water or distilled water supplies both its reservcir and the thermostatically controlled bath. After leaving its reservoir and after passing through its filter the clean water enters the thermostatically controlled bath and (g) the conductimeter (j) (when used) and then the coalescer (h). This bath controls the temperature of the water going through the coalescer (h) and device (
- the means (1) for conveying clean water is usually a pump and by this means clean water is pumped from its reservoir through bath (g) to the conductimeter (j) (when used) and coalescer (h).
- a first part of the water leaving the coalescer (h) is removed from the system, being sent to a sewer.
- a second part of the water leaving the coalescer (h) is split between entering the device (i) through the conduit connecting the device (i) to the coalescer (h) and entering either the differential refractive index detector (j) (when used) through the conduit connecting it to the coalescer (j) or the U.V. detector (k) (when the differential refractive index detector is not used) through a conduit connecting it to the coalescer (h).
- Water emerging from the device (i) is conveyed either to the differential refractive index detector (j) (when used) or to the U.V. detector (k) (when the differential refractive index detector is not used).
- the coalescer (h) which coalesces droplets is usually a tube filled with resin. It can however be a tube filled with glass or organic fibres, polyurethane foam or other coalescing material.
- the device (j) for absorbing hydrocarbons is usually a charcoal filter, and will hereinafter be referred to as the charcoal filter.
- the stream leaving the charcoal filter (i) is sent to the reference cells of the detector (j) (when used) and to the U.V. detector (k). It also enables one to detect on U.V. detector (k) saturation of the charcoal filter (i) because when products are not absorced on the charcoal filter a negative variation will appear on the recorder of the U.V. detector (k).
- the aqueous effluent whose pollution is to be detected is sampled for example from a sewer by the sampling device which is usually a suction/compression device.
- the sampling device which is usually a suction/compression device.
- part of the aqueous effluent is passed from its reservoir (b).
- it is passed through a pH-meter which acts as a first control of the aqueous effluent. If the pH- value detected is outside a predetermined pH range, the value is recorded and the reservoir (b) is emptied under pressure by the suction/compression device and the pH-meter is cleaned by clean water. Then, the reservoir (b) is charged with new aqueous effluent sample.
- a measured part of the aqueous effluent is passed from its reservoir (b) through the above-described system instead of clean water. These intervals may for example be at 5 to 30 minutes. The amount of the sample and these intervals can be adjusted depending on the pollution level of the aqueous effluent.
- the sample of the aqueous effluent has been removed from its reservoir (b)
- means are provided for automatically supplying clean water to the apparatus.
- the aqueous effluent reservoir (b) is emptied under pressure by the suction/compression device and charged with new aqueous effluent sample. If a pH meter is used the meter is cleaned.
- the measured part of the aqueous effluent passes through the thermostatically controlled bath (g) for temperature adjustment and then into the conductimeter (j) where the conductivity is measured and recorded giving information as to how much salt there is.
- the remainder of the aqueous effluent emerging from the coalescer (h) contains soluble products and is split into two streams (as with the clean water), a first stream entering the charcoal filter (i) and a second stream entering the UV detector (k) or when used, the differential refractive index detector (j).
- the second stream is compared with the first stream after it passed through the charcoal filter (i). Since the charcoal filter (i) absorbs soluble hydrocarbons, this comparison is made with clean water.
- the UV detector (k) gives an analysis of the effluent, e.g. at 254 nm, it gives an indication of the presence of hydrocarbons (other than paraffins) and all oxygenated products.
- the differential refractive index detector (j) gives a general idea of the pollution of the effluent whereas the U.V. detector can give an analysis of the effluent, e.g. at 254 nm it gives an indication of the presence of hydrocarbons (other than paraffins) and all oxygenated products.
- inorganic soluble products are not absorbed on the charcoal, they pass through and are detected by the differential refractive index detector (j). A negative variation will appear on the recorder. Due to the difference in tha passage time the two variations on the recorder are well indicated.
- the conductimeter (j) immediately downstream of the bath (g) it may be positioned downstream of the coalescer (h) provided it is upstream of the split of the exit line from the coalescer (h) i.e. before the line divides into entering the charcoal filter (i) and the U.V. detector (k).
- Clean water enters its reservoir 11 via an electro valve V 8 and a security device S 1 .
- This reservoir is provided with a level detector 12. Overflow water passes through conduit 13 to the sewer pipe 14. Clean water is sucked up through filter F 1 , electro valve V 7 by means of pump P and enters a coil 22 in the thermostatically controlled bath 15. From this coil 22 clean water is conveyed to coalescer 1. Water leaves the coalescer I by line B, and enters both the charcoal filter 2 and the differential refractive index detector 3 and then the U.V. detector 4. Water emerging from charcoal filter 2 also passes to detector by line C. Another stream A leaves the coalescer 1 and is sent to the sewer 16. Clean water also enters bath 15 by means of line 21 and returns to the reservoir 11 by means of line 20. Heat exchange occurs between this water and that passing througn coil 22. If the temperature of the detectors has to be controlled, the thermostatically controlled bath 15 supplies warm water for example, through dotted line 24 and returns through dotted line 25.
- Aqueous effluent is drawn up to its reservoir 17 through a filter F 2 and electro valve V 1 .
- the reservoir 17 has a level detector 18 and a security device S2 and is connected to a suction/compression device 19 having electro valves V 2 , V 3 , V 4 and V 5 .
- Clean water is continuously drawn up to its reservoir 11 and to the thermostatically controlled bath 15. When the required level in reservoir 11 is reached, the level detector shuts off the electro valve V 8 .
- the security device S 1 stops the apparatus should there be no clean water available to be drawn into the reservoir 11. Clean water is then drawn up by means of pump P through filter F 1 , and electro valve V 7 and through the coil 22 in the bath 15 to the coalescer 1, charcoal filter 2, detectors 3 and 4 and sewer 16 as previously described. Overflow from bath 15 returns to reservoir 11 by means of line 20.
- the suction/compression device 19 comprises a 3 mall air compressor with four electrovalves V 2 , V 3 , V 4 and V 5 .
- V 2 and V 4 are open and V 3 and V 5 closed, suction is applied to the reservoir 17.
- V 2 and V 4 are closed and V 3 and V 5 are open, compression is applied to the reservoir 17.
- the reservoir 17 is provided with a security device S 2 which prevents high vacuum or high pressure.
- the sample of aqueous effluent obtained from the reservoir 17 then enters the thermostatically controlled bath 15 and then to the coalescer 1 where insoluble hydrocarbons are separated. These insoluble products are sent back to the sewer 16 by stream A.
- Stream B emerging from the coalescer 1 contains soluble products and is split between the detectors 3 and 4 and the charcoal filter 2.
- the stream 3 is compared with the clean water C emerging from the charcoal filter 2. From this comparison one is able to obtain a qualitative idea of the total pollution cf the effluent and of the inorganic soluble products.
- the U.V. detector 4 enables one to determine the presence of hydrocarbons other than paraffins and all oxygenated compounds.
- Fig. 2 shows typical readings obtained on the chart recorder from the differential refractive index detector (j) and from the U.V. detector (k).
- Fig 3 shows the typical sequence of liquid passing through the differential refractive index detector (j) and the U.V. detector (k).
- these detectors can detect the presence of soluble hydrocarbons and organic and inorganic soluble products. It is worth re-iterating that in the coalescer all insoluble organic products are removed and can be sent to the sewer, e.g. via line A. Effluent containing salts plus soluble hydrocarbons is sent to detectors (j) and (k) where there are comparisons with clean water.
- the nature of the liquids entering the detectors (j) and (k) are reversed and the presence of soluble salt in the effluent can be detected.
- clean water enters the detectcrs (j) and (k) and this forms the base line for the detectors.
- Clean water enters its reservoir 7 via a security device 9, a filter F 3 and an electrovalve 12.
- This reservoir is provided with a level detector 10 .
- Electrovalves V 8 and V 10 having been switched off, clean water is sucked through filter F 4 , electrovalve V 9 by means of pump P and enters a coil 11 in the thermostatically-controlled barh 5 . From this coil 11 , clean water is conveyed through a conductimeted 4 and then to a coalescer 1 . Water leaves the coalescer 1 by line B. The line is split into two parts, the first going to the U.V. detector and the second (line C) going through the charcoal filter 2 and the UV detector 3. Water emerging from the charcoal filter 2 also passes to detector 3 by line C. Another stream A leaves the coalescer 1 and is sent to the sewer 12 . Clean water also enters bath 5 by means of line 13. and overflow returns to reservoir 7 by means of line 14, Heat exchange occurs between the water in the bath and that passing through coil 11 .
- Aqueous effluent is drawn up to its reservoir 8 through a filter F 1 and electrovalve V 6 .
- the reservoir 8 has a level detector 15 and a security device S 2 and is connected to a suction/compression device 9 having electrovalves V 1 , V 2 , V 3 and V 4 and an air compressor C.
- the sampled aqueous effluent water can be stripped in the reservoir 8 and the gas sent out through the electrovalve V 5 .
- the aqueous effluent After leaving by gravity the reservoir 8 via filter F 2 , the aqueous effluent passes through an electrovalve V 7 and a pH-meter 6 and is sent to the sewer 12 .
- the aqueous effluent After leaving the reservoir 8 via filter F 2 ,electrovalve V 8 , pump P and electrovalve V 11 , passes through the coil 11 in the thermostatically-controlled bath 5 and onto the conductimeter 4 , coalescer 1 , charcoal filter 2 and detector 3 , and to sewer 12 , in the same way as described in connection with the clean water.
- Line D and electrovalve V 10 are used for cleaning the pH-meter 6.
- Clean water is centinuously drawn up to its reservoir 7 and to the thermostatically-controlled bath 5.
- the level detector shuts off the electrovalve V 12 .
- the security device S 1 stops the apparatus should there be no clean water available to be drawn into the reservoir 7 .
- Clean water is then drawn up by means of pump P through filter F 4 and electrovalve V 9 and through the coil 11 in the bath 5 to the conductimeter 4 , the coalescer 1 , the charcoal filter 2, the detector 3 and the sewer 12 as previously described. Overflow from bath 5 returns to reservoir 7 by means of line 14 .
- the suction/compression device 9 comprises a small air compressor with four electrovalves V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 .
- V 1 and V2 are open and V 3 , V 5 and V 13 are closed, suction is applied to the reservoir 8 .
- V 1 , V 2 V 5 , V 13 are closed and V3, V 4 are open, compression is applied to reservoir 8.
- the reservoir 8 is provided with a security device which prevents high vacuum or high pressure.
- valves V 1 , V 2 and V 6 are open and V 3 V 4 , V 5 and V 13 are closed, suction occurs in the reservoir 8, effluent is drawn into the reservoir and when the water level reaches the level of the level detector 15 the compressor stops and the electrovalves V 6 , V 1 and V 2 are closed. There is then a stripping phase in the reservoir 8 , the electrovalves V 3 , V 4 and V 5 are open and the compressor running.
- a sample of aqueous effluent is removed by gravity from the reservoir 8 , electrovalves V 7 and V 13 having been switched on, the aqueous effluent passes through the pH-meter 6 and is sent to the sewer 12 .
- the electrovalves V 7 and V 9 are switcbed off and electrovalve V 8 is switched on and then a sample of aqueous effluent is removed by means of the pump from the reservoir for conductivity and UV determinations.
- the electrovalves V 1 , V 8 and V 13 are switched off and electrovalves V 1 , V 2 , V 6 and V 9 are switched on and the compressor run. This enables the reservoir 8 to be emptied under pressure and for the filter F 1 to be cleaned and clean water sent through the apparatus once more.
- the sample of aqueous effluent obtained from the reservoir 8 then enters the thermostatically-controlled bath 5 and then the conductimeter where the conductivity is measured and then the coalescer 1 wherc the insoluble hydrocarbons are separated. These insoluble products are sent back to the sewer 12 by stream A.
- Stream B emerging from the coalescer 1 contains soluble products and is split between the UV detector 3 and the charcoal filter 2 .
- the UV detector 3 enables one to determine the presence of soluble hydrocarbons.
- Fig. 5 shows typical reading obtained on the chart from the pH-meter, conductimeter, and from the UV detector.
- the apparatus of this invention can be used in for example refineries, chemical plants, storage plants, and any industrial plants where it is desired to detect pollution in aqueous effluent.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to apparatus for detecting pollution of an aqueous effluent by soluble organic or inorganic compounds.
- There is a need for an apparatus or a device which enables one continuously to take aqueous samples of sewage and to determine the extent of accidental pollution by pollutants. We have now devised an apparatus for this purpose and which can be adapted to set off quickly an alarm so that adequate remedial action can be taken.
- According to this invention, an apparatus fcr detecting pollution of an aqueous effluent comprises:
- (a) a sampling device.
- (b) a reservoir for aqueous effluent,
- (c) a filter upstream of said reservoir (b),
- (d) a filter downstream of said reservoir (b),
- (e) a reservoir for water of known purity,
- (f) a filter downstream of said reservoir (e),
- (g) a thermostatically controlled bath connected by conduit to both reservoirs (b) and (e),
- (h) a coalescer downstream of said bath (g),
- (i) a device for absorbing hydrocarbons connected by conduit to coalescer (h).
- (j) either a differential refractive index detector connected by conduit to coalescer (h), or a conductimeter connected by conduit to bath (g) or by conduit to coalescer (h),
- (k) a U.V. detector downstream of said device (i)
- (1) means for conveying water of known purity from its reservoir (e) through filter (f), bath (g), coalescer (h), device (i), detector (k) and detector or conductimeter (j).
- and (m) means for conveying a sample of aqueous effluent from its reservoir (b) through filter (d), bath (g), coalescer (h), device (i),detector (k) and detector or conductimeter (j).
- By comparing the readings obtained in the detector or conductimeter (j) and detector (k), with on the one hand water of known purity and on the other hand effluent one is able to determine at least qualitatively the pollution in the effluent.
- Before the water of known purity (hereinafter referred to as "eiean water") and effluent are tested they must be collected in reservooirs. There are separate reservoirs for clean water and for effluent. By means of valves and a pump, the clean water and effluent can be separately conveyed to their respective reservoirs. The effiuent and optionally clean water should also pass through filters before they pass to their reservoirs and also after they leave their reservoirs. A sample of the aqueous effluent is transferred to its reservoir (b) by means of the sampling device (a), and this conveniently is achieved by means of a suction/compression device to be described in more detail later.
- The clean water reservoir (e) may be provided with a level detector which operates the valve allowing clean water to enter its reservoir (e). Also the conduit through which the clean water passes on its way to the reservoir (e) may be provided with a security device which stops the apparatus should clean water not be available.
- The clean water which may be for example tap water, deionized water or distilled water supplies both its reservcir and the thermostatically controlled bath. After leaving its reservoir and after passing through its filter the clean water enters the thermostatically controlled bath and (g) the conductimeter (j) (when used) and then the coalescer (h). This bath controls the temperature of the water going through the coalescer (h) and device (i). This bath may also be used, if needed for the thermostatic control of the conductimeter (j) and of detector (k). Any overflow of clean water from the thermostatically controlled bath (g) can be returned back to the clean water reservoir.
- The means (1) for conveying clean water is usually a pump and by this means clean water is pumped from its reservoir through bath (g) to the conductimeter (j) (when used) and coalescer (h). A first part of the water leaving the coalescer (h) is removed from the system, being sent to a sewer. A second part of the water leaving the coalescer (h) is split between entering the device (i) through the conduit connecting the device (i) to the coalescer (h) and entering either the differential refractive index detector (j) (when used) through the conduit connecting it to the coalescer (j) or the U.V. detector (k) (when the differential refractive index detector is not used) through a conduit connecting it to the coalescer (h). Water emerging from the device (i) is conveyed either to the differential refractive index detector (j) (when used) or to the U.V. detector (k) (when the differential refractive index detector is not used).
- The coalescer (h) which coalesces droplets is usually a tube filled with resin. It can however be a tube filled with glass or organic fibres, polyurethane foam or other coalescing material. The device (j) for absorbing hydrocarbons is usually a charcoal filter, and will hereinafter be referred to as the charcoal filter.
- The stream leaving the charcoal filter (i) is sent to the reference cells of the detector (j) (when used) and to the U.V. detector (k). It also enables one to detect on U.V. detector (k) saturation of the charcoal filter (i) because when products are not absorced on the charcoal filter a negative variation will appear on the recorder of the U.V. detector (k).
- The aqueous effluent whose pollution is to be detected is sampled for example from a sewer by the sampling device which is usually a suction/compression device. By this means it is possible to suck up the effluent into its reservoir (b) until a certain level is achieved. The sample is then allowed to decant in the reservoir (b).
- At various intervals, part of the aqueous effluent is passed from its reservoir (b). In a preferred embodiment it is passed through a pH-meter which acts as a first control of the aqueous effluent. If the pH- value detected is outside a predetermined pH range, the value is recorded and the reservoir (b) is emptied under pressure by the suction/compression device and the pH-meter is cleaned by clean water. Then, the reservoir (b) is charged with new aqueous effluent sample.
- When the measured pH of the aqueous effluent is within the predetermined pH range, a measured part of the aqueous effluent is passed from its reservoir (b) through the above-described system instead of clean water. These intervals may for example be at 5 to 30 minutes. The amount of the sample and these intervals can be adjusted depending on the pollution level of the aqueous effluent. When the sample of the aqueous effluent has been removed from its reservoir (b), means are provided for automatically supplying clean water to the apparatus. Also during the analysis of the aqueous effluent, the aqueous effluent reservoir (b) is emptied under pressure by the suction/compression device and charged with new aqueous effluent sample. If a pH meter is used the meter is cleaned.
- When a conductimeter (j) is used, the measured part of the aqueous effluent passes through the thermostatically controlled bath (g) for temperature adjustment and then into the conductimeter (j) where the conductivity is measured and recorded giving information as to how much salt there is.
- The remainder of the aqueous effluent emerging from the coalescer (h) contains soluble products and is split into two streams (as with the clean water), a first stream entering the charcoal filter (i) and a second stream entering the UV detector (k) or when used, the differential refractive index detector (j).
- In the first alternative, i.e. when the second stream enters the U.V. detector, in said UV detector (k), the second stream is compared with the first stream after it passed through the charcoal filter (i). Since the charcoal filter (i) absorbs soluble hydrocarbons, this comparison is made with clean water. The UV detector (k) gives an analysis of the effluent, e.g. at 254 nm, it gives an indication of the presence of hydrocarbons (other than paraffins) and all oxygenated products.
- Similarly in the second alternative when the second stream enters the differential refractive index detector (j), in said detector (j) the second stream is compared with the first stream after it has passed through the charcoal filter (i). Since the charcoal filter absorbs soluble hydrocarbons this comparison is made with clean water. The differential refractive index detector (j) gives a general idea of the pollution of the effluent whereas the U.V. detector can give an analysis of the effluent, e.g. at 254 nm it gives an indication of the presence of hydrocarbons (other than paraffins) and all oxygenated products.
- Since inorganic soluble products are not absorbed on the charcoal, they pass through and are detected by the differential refractive index detector (j). A negative variation will appear on the recorder. Due to the difference in tha passage time the two variations on the recorder are well indicated.
- As an alternative to positioning the conductimeter (j) immediately downstream of the bath (g) it may be positioned downstream of the coalescer (h) provided it is upstream of the split of the exit line from the coalescer (h) i.e. before the line divides into entering the charcoal filter (i) and the U.V. detector (k).
- All the information obtained from the pH-meter, the conductimerer and U.V. detector can be recorded and the apparatus can be monitored by installing limits and alarms e.g. lamps, bells etc., which inform people about the variation of the composition of the stream or maintenance problems.
- A particular form of apparatus according to the invention is now described with reference to Fig. 1_of the accompanying drawing.
- Clean water enters its
reservoir 11 via an electro valve V8 and a security device S1. This reservoir is provided with alevel detector 12. Overflow water passes throughconduit 13 to thesewer pipe 14. Clean water is sucked up through filter F1, electro valve V7 by means of pump P and enters a coil 22 in the thermostatically controlledbath 15. From this coil 22 clean water is conveyed tocoalescer 1. Water leaves the coalescer I by line B, and enters both thecharcoal filter 2 and the differentialrefractive index detector 3 and then the U.V.detector 4. Water emerging fromcharcoal filter 2 also passes to detector by line C. Another stream A leaves thecoalescer 1 and is sent to the sewer 16. Clean water also entersbath 15 by means ofline 21 and returns to thereservoir 11 by means ofline 20. Heat exchange occurs between this water and that passing througn coil 22. If the temperature of the detectors has to be controlled, the thermostatically controlledbath 15 supplies warm water for example, through dotted line 24 and returns through dotted line 25. - Aqueous effluent is drawn up to its
reservoir 17 through a filter F2 and electro valve V1. Thereservoir 17 has alevel detector 18 and a security device S2 and is connected to a suction/compression device 19 having electro valves V2, V3, V4 and V5. - After leaving the
reservoir 17 via filter F3, electro valve V6 and pump P the aqueous effluent passes through the coil 22 in the thermos- statically controlledbath 15 and onto thecoalescer 1,charcoal filter 2 anddetectors - Clean water is continuously drawn up to its
reservoir 11 and to the thermostatically controlledbath 15. When the required level inreservoir 11 is reached, the level detector shuts off the electro valve V8. The security device S1 stops the apparatus should there be no clean water available to be drawn into thereservoir 11. Clean water is then drawn up by means of pump P through filter F1, and electro valve V7 and through the coil 22 in thebath 15 to thecoalescer 1,charcoal filter 2,detectors bath 15 returns toreservoir 11 by means ofline 20. - From time to time, aqueous effluent is sent through the apparatus instead of clean water. This is achieved as follows: The suction/
compression device 19 comprises a 3mall air compressor with four electrovalves V2, V3, V4 and V5. When V2 and V4 are open and V3 and V5 closed, suction is applied to thereservoir 17. When V2 and V4 are closed and V3 and V5 are open, compression is applied to thereservoir 17. Thereservoir 17 is provided with a security device S2 which prevents high vacuum or high pressure. When valves V2 and V4 are open and suction occurs in thereservoir 17 and when the water level reaches the level of thelevel detector 18 the compressor stops and the electro valves V1, V2 and V4 are closed. There is then a decantation phase in the reservoir 16. When programmed a sample of aqueous effluent is removed from thereservoir 17, electro valve V7 having been switched off and electro valve V6 switched on. When this sample has been removed from thereservoir 17, the electro valve V6 is closed and electro valves V1, V3, V5 and V7 are opened. This enables thereservoir 17 to be emptied and for the filter F2 to be cleaned and clean water sent through the apparatus once more. - The sample of aqueous effluent obtained from the
reservoir 17 then enters the thermostatically controlledbath 15 and then to thecoalescer 1 where insoluble hydrocarbons are separated. These insoluble products are sent back to the sewer 16 by stream A. Stream B emerging from thecoalescer 1 contains soluble products and is split between thedetectors charcoal filter 2. - In the differential
refractive index detector 3, thestream 3 is compared with the clean water C emerging from thecharcoal filter 2. From this comparison one is able to obtain a qualitative idea of the total pollution cf the effluent and of the inorganic soluble products. The U.V.detector 4 enables one to determine the presence of hydrocarbons other than paraffins and all oxygenated compounds. - Fig. 2 shows typical readings obtained on the chart recorder from the differential refractive index detector (j) and from the U.V. detector (k).
- Fig 3 shows the typical sequence of liquid passing through the differential refractive index detector (j) and the U.V. detector (k). Thus, it can be seen how these detectors can detect the presence of soluble hydrocarbons and organic and inorganic soluble products. It is worth re-iterating that in the coalescer all insoluble organic products are removed and can be sent to the sewer, e.g. via line A. Effluent containing salts plus soluble hydrocarbons is sent to detectors (j) and (k) where there are comparisons with clean water. In the next step in the cycle the nature of the liquids entering the detectors (j) and (k) are reversed and the presence of soluble salt in the effluent can be detected. In the final step of the cycle, clean water enters the detectcrs (j) and (k) and this forms the base line for the detectors.
- Another form of apparatus according to the invention is new described with reference to Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
- Clean water enters its
reservoir 7 via asecurity device 9, a filter F3 and anelectrovalve 12. This reservoir is provided with alevel detector 10 . Electrovalves V8 and V10 having been switched off, clean water is sucked through filter F4, electrovalve V9 by means of pump P and enters acoil 11 in the thermostatically-controlled barh 5 . From thiscoil 11 , clean water is conveyed through aconductimeted 4 and then to acoalescer 1 . Water leaves thecoalescer 1 by line B. The line is split into two parts, the first going to the U.V. detector and the second (line C) going through thecharcoal filter 2 and theUV detector 3. Water emerging from thecharcoal filter 2 also passes todetector 3 by line C. Another stream A leaves thecoalescer 1 and is sent to thesewer 12 . Clean water also enters bath 5 by means ofline 13. and overflow returns toreservoir 7 by means ofline 14, Heat exchange occurs between the water in the bath and that passing throughcoil 11 . - Aqueous effluent is drawn up to its
reservoir 8 through a filter F1 and electrovalve V6. Thereservoir 8 has alevel detector 15 and a security device S2 and is connected to a suction/compression device 9 having electrovalves V1, V2, V3 and V4 and an air compressor C. The sampled aqueous effluent water can be stripped in thereservoir 8 and the gas sent out through the electrovalve V5. - After leaving by gravity the
reservoir 8 via filter F2, the aqueous effluent passes through an electrovalve V7 and a pH-meter 6 and is sent to thesewer 12 . When the measured pH is inside the predetermined pH range, the aqueous effluent, after leaving thereservoir 8 via filter F2,electrovalve V8, pump P and electrovalve V11, passes through thecoil 11 in the thermostatically-controlled bath 5 and onto theconductimeter 4 ,coalescer 1 ,charcoal filter 2 anddetector 3 , and tosewer 12 , in the same way as described in connection with the clean water. Line D and electrovalve V10 are used for cleaning the pH-meter 6. - Clean water is centinuously drawn up to its
reservoir 7 and to the thermostatically-controlled bath 5. When the required level inreservoir 7 is reached, the level detector shuts off the electrovalve V12. The security device S1 stops the apparatus should there be no clean water available to be drawn into thereservoir 7 . Clean water is then drawn up by means of pump P through filter F4 and electrovalve V9 and through thecoil 11 in the bath 5 to theconductimeter 4 , thecoalescer 1 , thecharcoal filter 2, thedetector 3 and thesewer 12 as previously described. Overflow from bath 5 returns toreservoir 7 by means ofline 14 . - From time to time, aqueous effluent is sent through the apparatus instead of clean water. This is achieved a3 follows: the suction/
compression device 9 comprises a small air compressor with four electrovalves V1, V2, V3, V4. When V1 and V2 are open and V3, V5 and V13 are closed, suction is applied to thereservoir 8 . When V1, V 2 V5, V13 are closed and V3, V4 are open, compression is applied toreservoir 8. Thereservoir 8 is provided with a security device which prevents high vacuum or high pressure. When valves V1, V2 and V6 are open and V3 V4, V5 and V13 are closed, suction occurs in thereservoir 8, effluent is drawn into the reservoir and when the water level reaches the level of thelevel detector 15 the compressor stops and the electrovalves V6, V1 and V2 are closed. There is then a stripping phase in thereservoir 8 , the electrovalves V3, V4 and V5 are open and the compressor running. When programmed, a sample of aqueous effluent is removed by gravity from thereservoir 8 , electrovalves V7 and V13 having been switched on, the aqueous effluent passes through the pH-meter 6 and is sent to thesewer 12 . - As previously described, depending on the pH value, the electrovalves V7 and V9 are switcbed off and electrovalve V8 is switched on and then a sample of aqueous effluent is removed by means of the pump from the reservoir for conductivity and UV determinations.
- When the sample has been removed from the
reservoir 8, the electrovalves V1, V8 and V13 are switched off and electrovalves V1, V2, V6 and V9 are switched on and the compressor run. This enables thereservoir 8 to be emptied under pressure and for the filter F1 to be cleaned and clean water sent through the apparatus once more. - Then the compressor is stopped and electrovalves V11 and VI3 are switched off and electrovalves V7 and V10 are switched on, this allows the cleaning of the pH-meter 6 . After cleaning the pH-meter, the electrovalve V10 is switched off and the electrovalve V11 is switched on and clean water sent through the apparatus.
- The sample of aqueous effluent obtained from the
reservoir 8 then enters the thermostatically-controlled bath 5 and then the conductimeter where the conductivity is measured and then thecoalescer 1 wherc the insoluble hydrocarbons are separated. These insoluble products are sent back to thesewer 12 by stream A. Stream B emerging from thecoalescer 1 contains soluble products and is split between theUV detector 3 and thecharcoal filter 2 . - The
UV detector 3 enables one to determine the presence of soluble hydrocarbons. - Fig. 5 shows typical reading obtained on the chart from the pH-meter, conductimeter, and from the UV detector.
- The apparatus of this invention can be used in for example refineries, chemical plants, storage plants, and any industrial plants where it is desired to detect pollution in aqueous effluent.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2760178 | 1978-06-22 | ||
GB7827601A GB2025035A (en) | 1978-06-22 | 1978-06-22 | Detection of pollution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0006746A1 true EP0006746A1 (en) | 1980-01-09 |
EP0006746B1 EP0006746B1 (en) | 1982-06-02 |
Family
ID=10498080
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19790301214 Expired EP0006746B1 (en) | 1978-06-22 | 1979-06-22 | An apparatus for and a process of detecting pollution in an aqueous medium |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0006746B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2962997D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2025035A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2563008A1 (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-18 | Licentia Gmbh | Calibration of water oil trace detector |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2104969A1 (en) * | 1971-02-03 | 1972-08-17 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | Testing device for a flowable medium |
DE2132166A1 (en) * | 1971-06-29 | 1973-07-26 | Helmut Dr Kleinsteuber | Effluent quality monitoring system - with built in measuring cell washing/standardising cycle |
US3807860A (en) * | 1973-01-31 | 1974-04-30 | Environmental Devices Corp | Method and apparatus for determining pollution index |
US4057721A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1977-11-08 | Bailey Meter & Controls Limited | Oil pollution monitoring and monitoring unit |
FR2400200A1 (en) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-03-09 | Mines Fond Zinc Vieille | Analysis of aq. soln. for mineral and organic content - involves electrolysis at reference temp. and pH levels |
-
1978
- 1978-06-22 GB GB7827601A patent/GB2025035A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1979
- 1979-06-22 EP EP19790301214 patent/EP0006746B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-22 DE DE7979301214T patent/DE2962997D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2104969A1 (en) * | 1971-02-03 | 1972-08-17 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | Testing device for a flowable medium |
DE2132166A1 (en) * | 1971-06-29 | 1973-07-26 | Helmut Dr Kleinsteuber | Effluent quality monitoring system - with built in measuring cell washing/standardising cycle |
US3807860A (en) * | 1973-01-31 | 1974-04-30 | Environmental Devices Corp | Method and apparatus for determining pollution index |
US4057721A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1977-11-08 | Bailey Meter & Controls Limited | Oil pollution monitoring and monitoring unit |
FR2400200A1 (en) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-03-09 | Mines Fond Zinc Vieille | Analysis of aq. soln. for mineral and organic content - involves electrolysis at reference temp. and pH levels |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BBC - NACHRICHTEN, Vol. 58, Nr. 2/3, 1976, Mannheim D. SCHNABEL, "Physikalische Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Wasserqualitat" pages 73 to 84. * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2563008A1 (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-18 | Licentia Gmbh | Calibration of water oil trace detector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2962997D1 (en) | 1982-07-22 |
EP0006746B1 (en) | 1982-06-02 |
GB2025035A (en) | 1980-01-16 |
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