EP0000761B1 - Process for the preparation of polyurethane foams - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of polyurethane foams Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000761B1
EP0000761B1 EP78100555A EP78100555A EP0000761B1 EP 0000761 B1 EP0000761 B1 EP 0000761B1 EP 78100555 A EP78100555 A EP 78100555A EP 78100555 A EP78100555 A EP 78100555A EP 0000761 B1 EP0000761 B1 EP 0000761B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
compounds
weight
polyisocyanates
groups
mixtures
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EP78100555A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000761A1 (en
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Hans-Joachim Dr. Meiners
Hans-Heinrich Dr. Moretto
Armand Dr. De Montigny
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/4009Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
    • C08G18/4072Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/6552Compounds of group C08G18/63
    • C08G18/6558Compounds of group C08G18/63 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6564Compounds of group C08G18/63 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014Use of organic additives
    • C08J9/0042Use of organic additives containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0008Foam properties flexible
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0041Foam properties having specified density
    • C08G2110/005< 50kg/m3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0083Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

  • Foams containing urethane groups are widely used, e.g. in the field of insulation, for the production of structural elements or for upholstery purposes.
  • urethane group-containing foams made from higher molecular weight polyols, e.g. To produce hydroxyl-containing polyethers, polyisocyanates, water and / or other blowing agents in the presence of catalysts, emulsifiers and auxiliaries in blocks and in formula.
  • the task of the emulsifiers and stabilizers in the reaction mixture is to homogenize the reactants and to facilitate the simultaneous foaming process and to prevent the foams from collapsing after the end of gas formation.
  • the catalysts are intended to ensure that the processes taking place during the foam formation are brought into the desired equilibrium and run at the correct speed.
  • hydroxyl groups containing polyethers in which at least about 10% of the OH groups present are primary OH groups and which e.g. have a molecular weight of 400-10000 or polyethers grafted with organic, unsaturated compounds in combination with the polyisocyanates, special polyisocyanates being used in many cases.
  • Special polyisocyanates include In addition to 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates (raw MDI), combinations of tolylene diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates, also so-called "modified polyisocyanates" in question, e.g.
  • the foams known to date which have urethane groups and are produced, for example, using the "modified polyisocyanates" often have the disadvantage, however, that when they are foamed, they show defects in the form of bubbles under the outer part of the foam part, which can also be found inside can reproduce the foam part.
  • This appearance is extremely disadvantageous. e.g. in the production of molded parts, be it for the furniture industry or automotive industry, because e.g. this blistering clearly shows on fine upholstery fabrics.
  • polysiloxane-polyalkylene oxide copolymers such as are commercially available as foam stabilizers, cannot solve the problem, since in this case, even with the smallest amounts of stabilizers, irreversible shrinkage or collapse occurs and leads to unusable foams.
  • the index a means a whole unbroken number.
  • Formula (I) thus represents discrete compounds (for example with a defined boiling point) and no mixtures of statistical distribution. However, it turns out that these (discrete) compounds do not have a sufficient stabilizing effect. For example, the compound (falling under Formula 1) Purity: 99.8%) not even able to stabilize those (commercial) foam systems that are not very demanding in terms of stabilization.
  • DT-OS 2 533 074 tries to show that (in contrast to the teaching of GB-PS 795 335) the properties of polyurethane foams desired by practice can only be obtained by selecting low-molecular fractions from 4 to a maximum of 12 siloxy units from linear dimethylpolysiloxanes will; Even the smallest amounts of higher molecular weight linear dimethylpolysiloxanes are said to significantly worsen the property profile.
  • the mixtures of organofunctional polysiloxanes to be used according to the invention no restriction of this type in the low and high molecular weight range is necessary.
  • mixtures of compounds to be used according to the invention can be easily and often produced in almost 100% yield by conventional hydrolysis of chlorosilanes, followed by an equilibration known per se.
  • the compound mixtures which are well compatible with foamable polyurethane systems, can be stored without restrictions in polyols, so that there are no problems with storage. They obviously favor the nucleation during the foaming process and give the foam system excellent fluidity, which is the prerequisite for optimal production in the case of the production of foams by shaping with long flow paths or strongly changing cross sections.
  • foams obtained which have excellent physical data but products are also obtained which, when viewed purely subjectively, leave a good impression.
  • the grip and elasticity on the test person are decidedly "personable”.
  • connection mixtures to be used according to the invention can be matched admirably to the corresponding foam systems.
  • the total number of siloxy units is responsible for the stabilizing effect (DT-AS 2 402 691)
  • Suitable starting components according to the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as are described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4 Tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (DAS 1 202 785 American patent specification 3 401 190), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate as well as any mixtures of these isomers, hexahydr
  • polyisocyanates prepared by telomerization reactions such as are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,654,106, polyisocyanates containing ester groups, as described, for example, in British Patents 956,474 and 1,072,956 in American Patent 3,567,763 and i n of German Patent 1,231,688, reaction products of the above-mentioned isocyanates with acetals according to German Patent 1,072,385 and polymeric fatty acid residues containing polyisocyanates according to American Patent 3,455,883.
  • distillation residues obtained in the technical production of isocyanate and containing isocyanate groups optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
  • polyisocyanates for example the 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those obtained from aniline-formaldehyde condensation, are generally particularly preferred and subsequent phosgenation are prepared (“crude MDI”) and carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups containing polyisocyanates ("modified polyisocyanates").
  • TDI 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers
  • polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates such as those obtained from aniline-formaldehyde condensation
  • Starting components to be used according to the invention are furthermore compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of generally 400-100000.
  • these are preferably polyhydroxyl compounds, in particular two to eight compounds containing hydroxyl groups, especially those having a molecular weight of 800 to 10,000, preferably 1000 to 6000, for example at least two, usually 2 to 8, but preferably 2 to "4, hydroxyl-containing polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyesteramides as are known per se for the production of homogeneous and cellular polyurethanes. 1
  • the hydroxyl group-containing polyesters are e.g. Reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids.
  • polyhydric preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols
  • polyhydric preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids.
  • free polycarboxylic acids it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or their mixtures for the preparation of the polyesters.
  • the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally, e.g. by halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated.
  • Examples include: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, Seba cic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, maleic acid and maleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture
  • polyethers which are suitable and even preferred according to the invention and which have at least two, generally two to eight, preferably two to three, hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se and are obtained, for example, by polymerizing epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran , Styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, e.g. in the presence of BF 3 , or by the addition of these epoxides, optionally in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as water, alcohols, ammonia or amines, e.g.
  • epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran , Styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin
  • Sucrose polyethers such as are described, for example, in German publications 1 176 358 and 1 064 938, are also suitable according to the invention. Polyethers are preferred which have predominantly (up to 90% by weight, based on all the OH groups present in the polyether) primary OH groups.
  • Polyethers modified by vinyl polymers such as those formed by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (American patents 3,383,351, 3,304,273, 3,523,093, 3,110,695, German patent 1,152,536) are also suitable, as are OH -Group polybutadienes.
  • the condensation products of thiodiglycol with themselves and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or amino alcohols should be mentioned in particular.
  • the products are polythio ether, polythio ether ester or polythio ether ester amide.
  • polyacetals e.g. those from glycols, such as diethylene glycol. Triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxäthoxydiphenyldimethylmethan, hexanediol and formaldehyde producible compounds in question.
  • polyacetals suitable according to the invention can also be prepared by polymerizing cyclic acetals.
  • Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se, which e.g. by reacting diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol with diaryl carbonates, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene can be produced.
  • diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6)
  • diethylene glycol triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol
  • diaryl carbonates e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene
  • polyester amides and polyamides include e.g. the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyvalent saturated and unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and their mixtures.
  • Polyhydroxyl compounds which already contain urethane or urea groups and optionally modified natural polyols, such as castor oil, carbohydrates or starch, can also be used. Addition products of alkylene oxides with phenol-formaldehyde resins or also with urea-formaldehyde resins can also be used according to the invention.
  • Compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 32-400 are also suitable as starting components which may be used according to the invention.
  • These compounds generally have 2 to 8 isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, preferably 2 or 3 reactive hydrogen atoms.
  • Examples of such compounds are: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol- (1,4) and - (2,3), pentanediol- (1,5), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (-1,8), neopentylglycol, 1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400 dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene
  • mixtures of different compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 32-400 can be used.
  • polyhydroxyl compounds can also be used in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates are contained in finely dispersed or dissolved form.
  • modified polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained if polyaddition reactions (e.g. reactions between polyisocyanates and amino-functional compounds) or polycondensation reactions (e.g. between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) are carried out directly in situ in the above-mentioned compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
  • water and / or volatile organic substances are also used as blowing agents.
  • organic blowing agents come e.g. Acetone, ethyl acetate, halogen-substituted alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, butane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether are also suitable.
  • a blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with the elimination of gases, for example nitrogen, e.g. Azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile can be achieved.
  • propellants as well as details on the use of propellants can be found in the Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchten, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. on pages 108 and 109, 453 to 455 and 507 to 510.
  • catalysts are often also used.
  • Suitable catalysts to be used are those of the type known per se, e.g. tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, 1,4-diaza-bicyclo- (2.2 , 2) octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethylaminoethyl-piperazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-diethylaminoethyl) adipate, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N , N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N-dimethyl-ß
  • Suitable catalysts are also known Mannich bases from secondary amines, such as dimethylamine, and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone and phenols, such as phenol, nonylphenol or bisphenol.
  • Tertiary amines which have hydrogen atoms active against isocyanate groups as catalysts are e.g. Triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, and their reaction products with alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide.
  • Silaamines with carbon-silicon bonds such as those e.g. in German Patent 1,229,290 (corresponding to American Patent 3,620,984) are in question, e.g. 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine and 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane.
  • Suitable catalysts are also nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, alkali phenolates such as sodium phenolate or alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. Hexahydrotriazines can also be used as catalysts.
  • organic metal compounds in particular organic tin compounds, can also be used as catalysts.
  • Preferred organic tin compounds are tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (11) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the tin (IV) compounds, e.g.: Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate.
  • tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (11) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate
  • the tin (IV) compounds e.g.: Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibuty
  • the catalysts are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10 wt .-%, aeration zo g s to the amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and a molecular weight of 400 to 100,000.
  • surface-active additives such as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers can also be used.
  • the emulsifiers are e.g. the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as oleic acid diethylamine or stearic acid diethanolamine.
  • Alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulfonic acid or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can also be used as surface-active additives.
  • reaction retarders e.g. acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides, further cell regulators of the type known per se such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes as well as pigments or dyes and flame retardants of the type known per se, e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, further stabilizers against aging and weather influences, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances and fillers such as barim sulfate, diatomaceous earth, carbon black or sludge chalk are also used.
  • acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides
  • cell regulators of the type known per se
  • pigments or dyes and flame retardants e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate
  • surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flame-retardant substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, as well as details on the use and mode of action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. described on pages 103 to 113.
  • reaction components are reacted according to the one-step process, the prepolymer process or the semi-prepolymer process, which are known per se, machine equipment often being used, e.g. those described in U.S. Patent 2,764,565. Details on processing devices which are also suitable according to the invention are given in the plastics manual, volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. described on pages 121 to 205.
  • foaming is often carried out in molds according to the invention.
  • the reaction mixture is introduced into a mold.
  • Metal e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, e.g. Epoxy resin, in question.
  • the foamable reaction mixture foams in the mold and forms the shaped body.
  • the foaming of the mold can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface, but it can also be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a compact skin and a cellular core. According to the invention, one can proceed in this connection in such a way that so much foamable reaction mixture is introduced into the mold that the foam formed just fills the mold.
  • foams can also be produced by block foaming.
  • the products obtainable according to the invention find e.g. Use as upholstery materials.
  • the dried crude product is equilibrated with an acid catalyst.
  • the crosslinking activities are not affected during the foam production, while the blowing activities are only slightly influenced in the last phase (rise time).
  • molded foams can be produced which have no marginal zone defects or bubbles under the surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Description

Urethangruppen aufweisende Schaumstoffe finden weite Anwendung, z.B. auf dem Gebiet der Isolierung, zur Herstellung von Strukturelementen oder für Polsterungszwecke.Foams containing urethane groups are widely used, e.g. in the field of insulation, for the production of structural elements or for upholstery purposes.

Es ist auch bekannt, Urethangruppen aufweisende Schaumstoffe aus höhermolekularen Polyolen, z.B. Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyäthern, Polyisocyanaten, Wasser und/oder anderen Treibmitteln, in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren, Emulgatoren und Hilfsmitteln in Blöcken und in Formel herzustellen. Den Emulgatoren und Stabilisatoren fällt dabei im Reaktionsgemisch die Aufgabe zu, die Reaktionspartner zu homogenisieren und den gleichzeitig einsetzenden Schäumvorgang zu erleichtern und ein Zusammenfallen der Schaumstoffe nach Ende de Gasbildung zu verhindern. Die Katalysatoren sollen dafür sorgen, dass die während der Schaumstoffbildung ablaufenden Vorgänge in das gewünschte Gleichgewicht gebracht werden und mit der richtigen Geschwindigkeit ablaufen.It is also known to use urethane group-containing foams made from higher molecular weight polyols, e.g. To produce hydroxyl-containing polyethers, polyisocyanates, water and / or other blowing agents in the presence of catalysts, emulsifiers and auxiliaries in blocks and in formula. The task of the emulsifiers and stabilizers in the reaction mixture is to homogenize the reactants and to facilitate the simultaneous foaming process and to prevent the foams from collapsing after the end of gas formation. The catalysts are intended to ensure that the processes taking place during the foam formation are brought into the desired equilibrium and run at the correct speed.

Dabei werden oft mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Polyäther, in denen mindestens ca. 10% der vorhandenen OH-Gruppen primäre OH-Gruppen sind und die z.B. ein Molekulargewicht von 400-10000 aufweisen oder mit organischen, ungesättigte Verbindungen gepfropfte Polyäther in Kombination mit den Polyisocyanaten verwendet, wobei vielfach spezielle Polyisocyanate eingesetzt werden.Often there are at least two hydroxyl groups containing polyethers in which at least about 10% of the OH groups present are primary OH groups and which e.g. have a molecular weight of 400-10000 or polyethers grafted with organic, unsaturated compounds in combination with the polyisocyanates, special polyisocyanates being used in many cases.

Als spezielle Polyisocyanate kommen z.B. neben 2,4- und/oder 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat, Gemischen aus Diphenylmethandiisocyanaten und Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanaten (rohes MDI), Kombinationen aus Toluylendiisocyanaten und Polyphenylpolymethylenpolyisocyanaten, auch sogenannte "modifizierte Polyisocyanate" in Frage, z.B. Lösungen von Biuretgruppen aufweisenden Polyisocyanaten in biuretgruppenfreien Polyisocyanaten und/oder Lösungen von mindestens zwei NCO-Gruppen und mindestens eine N,N'-disubstituierte Allophansäureestergruppierung enthaltenden Polyisocyanaten in Allophansäureestergruppen-freien Polyisocyanaten und/oder Lösungen von Urethangruppen aufweisenden Polyisocyanaten in Urethangruppen-freien Polyisocyanaten und/oder Lösungen von Isocyanursäureringe enthaltenden Polyisocyanaten in Isocyanuratgruppen-freien Polyisocyanaten.Special polyisocyanates include In addition to 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates (raw MDI), combinations of tolylene diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates, also so-called "modified polyisocyanates" in question, e.g. Solutions of polyisocyanates containing biuret groups in biuret group-free polyisocyanates and / or solutions of at least two NCO groups and at least one N, N'-disubstituted allophanoic acid ester group in polyisocyanates free of allophanoic acid ester groups and / or solutions of polyisocyanates containing urethane groups in urethane groups / free polyisocyanates or solutions of polyisocyanates containing isocyanuric acid rings in polyisocyanates free of isocyanurate groups.

Die bisher bekannten Urethangruppen aufweisenden Schaumstoffe, hergestellt z, B. unter Verwendung der "modifizierten Polyisocyanate", weisen indessen oft den Nachteil auf, dass sie bei der Verschäumung Störungen in Form von Blasen unter den Schaumteil-Aussenseiten zeigen, die sich auch in das Innere des Schaumteils fortpflanzen können. Dieses Erscheinungsbild ist ausserordentlich nachteilig. z.B. bei der Fertigung von Formteilen, sei es für die Möbelindustrie oder Automobilindustrie, da sich z.B. auf feinen Bezugstoffen diese Blasenbildung deutlich abzeichnet. Durch Einsatz von Polysiloxan-Polyalkylenbxid-Copolymeren, wie sie als Schaumstabilisatoren handelsüblich sind, kann das angeführte Störungsbild nicht behoben werden, da in diesem Fall, selbst bei geringsten Mengen an Stabilisatoren, ein irreversibeler Schrumpf oder Kollaps auftritt und zu nicht verwertbaren Schaumstoffen führt.The foams known to date, which have urethane groups and are produced, for example, using the "modified polyisocyanates", often have the disadvantage, however, that when they are foamed, they show defects in the form of bubbles under the outer part of the foam part, which can also be found inside can reproduce the foam part. This appearance is extremely disadvantageous. e.g. in the production of molded parts, be it for the furniture industry or automotive industry, because e.g. this blistering clearly shows on fine upholstery fabrics. The use of polysiloxane-polyalkylene oxide copolymers, such as are commercially available as foam stabilizers, cannot solve the problem, since in this case, even with the smallest amounts of stabilizers, irreversible shrinkage or collapse occurs and leads to unusable foams.

Man hat nun bereits versucht, durch Mitverwendung von speziellen -Siliciumverbindungen das geschilderte Störungsbild bei den Polyurethanschaumstoffen zu beheben (vgl. DT-OS 2 232 525 und 2 246 400). Diese Versuche haben indessen noch nicht zu in der Praxis allseits befriedigenden Ergebnissen geführt. Insbesondere hat sich gezeigt, dass auch bei Mitverwendung der in den Offenlegungsschriften näher beschriebenen Siliciumverbindungen oft ein Schrumpfen des Schaumstoffs nicht völlig vermieden werden kann.It has now been tried by concomitant use of special - silicon compounds described the noise image in the polyurethane foams to fix (see DT-OS 2,232,525 and 2,246,400.). However, these attempts have not yet led to results which are generally satisfactory in practice. In particular, it has been shown that even when the silicon compounds described in more detail in the published documents are used, shrinking of the foam can often not be completely avoided.

Auch mit der Lehre der DT-OS 2 337 140, wonach Verbindungen der Formel

Figure imgb0001
in der T z.B. CH3

  • R' z.B. CFiZCI und CH3
  • a z.B. die Zahl zwei bedeuten, verwendet werden, wird versucht, die oben erwähnten Störungen zu beheben.
Also with the teaching of DT-OS 2 337 140, according to which compounds of the formula
Figure imgb0001
in the T eg CH 3
  • R 'e.g. CFiZCI and CH 3
  • a, for example, the number two are used, an attempt is made to remedy the above-mentioned faults.

Wie aus der Beschreibung dieser DT-OS hervorgeht bedeutet der Index a eine ganze ungebrochene Zahl. Die Formel (I) gibt somit diskrete Verbindungen (z.B. mit definiertem Siedepunkt) und keine Gemische statistischer Verteilung wieder. Es zeigt sich aber, daß diese (diskreten) Verbindungen keine ausreichende stabilisierende Wirkung entfalten. So ist z.B. die (unter die Formel 1 fallende) Verbindung

Figure imgb0002
Reinheit: 99.8%ig) nicht einmal in der Lage, solche (handelsüblichen) Schaumstoffsystem zu stabilisieren, die in Hinsicht auf Stabilisierung nur wenig anspruchsvoll sind.As can be seen from the description of this DT-OS, the index a means a whole unbroken number. Formula (I) thus represents discrete compounds (for example with a defined boiling point) and no mixtures of statistical distribution. However, it turns out that these (discrete) compounds do not have a sufficient stabilizing effect. For example, the compound (falling under Formula 1)
Figure imgb0002
Purity: 99.8%) not even able to stabilize those (commercial) foam systems that are not very demanding in terms of stabilization.

Die DT-OS 2 533 074 versucht zu zeigen, daß (im Gegensatz zur Lehre Der GB-PS 795 335) nur durch eine Auswahl nieder-molekularer Anteile von 4 bis maximal 12 Siloxyeinheiten aus linearen Dimethylpolysiloxanen die von der Praxis gewünschten Eigenschaften von Polyurethanschaumstoffen erhalten werden; bereits geringste Mengen höhermolekularer linearer Dimethylpolysiloxane sollen angeblich das Eigenschaftsbild erheblich verschlechtern. Überraschenderweise hat sich jedoch ergeben, daß mit der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Gemische von organofunktionellen Polysiloxanen keine Einschränkung dieser Art im nieder- und höhermolekularen Bereich notwendig ist.DT-OS 2 533 074 tries to show that (in contrast to the teaching of GB-PS 795 335) the properties of polyurethane foams desired by practice can only be obtained by selecting low-molecular fractions from 4 to a maximum of 12 siloxy units from linear dimethylpolysiloxanes will; Even the smallest amounts of higher molecular weight linear dimethylpolysiloxanes are said to significantly worsen the property profile. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that with the use of the mixtures of organofunctional polysiloxanes to be used according to the invention, no restriction of this type in the low and high molecular weight range is necessary.

Der Einsatz von diskreten Silicium-Verbindungen sowie von Zusammensetzungen, die einen zusätzlichen Trennaufwand erfordern, ist naturgemäß wirtschaftlich weniger interessant.The use of discrete silicon compounds and of compositions that require additional separation is naturally less economically interesting.

Es wurde nun ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht schrumpfenden, Urethangruppen enthaltenden Schaumstoffen gefunden, wobei die geschilderten Nachteile vermieden werden können und die Herstellung von einwandfreien Schaumstoffen gelinget.A process has now been found for the production of non-shrinking foams containing urethane groups, the disadvantages described being able to be avoided and the production of perfect foams successful.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von kalthärtenden, nicht schrumpfenden Urethangruppen aufweisenden Schaumstoffen durch Umsetzung von mindestens zwei aktive Wasserstoffatome aufweisenden Verbindungen vom Molekulargewicht 400 bis 100000 mit Polyisocyanaten in Gegenwart von Wasser und/oder organischen Treibmitteln, Siliciumverbindungen und gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren und weiteren Hilfsmitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Siliciumverbindungen Gemische von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel

Figure imgb0003
wobei R einen Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest bis zu 3 C-Atomen, vorsugsweise einen Methylrest,

  • R2 einen Chlormethylrest,
  • R1 einen Rest R2 bzw. R,
  • n' eine ganze oder gebrochene Zahl von 0 bis 9,
  • n eine ganze oder gebrochene Zahl von 0 bis 9,

und n + n' < 10 bedeuten
und R1 gleich R2 wird, wenn n' = 0 ist,
in Mengen von 0,01 bis 2,0 Gew-%, vorzugsweise 0,1-1,0 Gew-% bezogen auf die aktive Wasserstoffatome aufweisende Verbindungen vom Molekulargewicht 400-100000, verwendet werden.The present invention relates to a process for the production of cold-curing, non-shrinking urethane groups containing foams by reacting at least two compounds having a molecular weight of 400 to 100,000 with active hydrogen atoms with polyisocyanates in the presence of water and / or organic blowing agents, silicon compounds and optionally in the presence of catalysts and other auxiliaries, characterized in that mixtures of compounds of the general formula
Figure imgb0003
where R is an alkyl or alkenyl radical of up to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl radical,
  • R 2 is a chloromethyl radical,
  • R 1 is a radical R 2 or R,
  • n 'an integer or fractional number from 0 to 9,
  • n is a whole or fractional number from 0 to 9,

and n + n '<10 mean
and R 1 becomes R 2 when n '= 0,
in amounts of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.1-1.0% by weight, based on the compounds having active hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of 400-100000.

Da die Indizes n und n' die mittlere Zusammensetzung der Gemische der Siliciumverbindung beschreiben, können bei einer Zusammensetzung n + n' = 10 definierte Verbindungen mit höheren diskreten Indizes auftreten. Dies ist in den Beispielen, wo auf die Herstellung dieser Verbindungen eingegangen wird, anhand eines Gaschromatogramms näher erläutert.Since the indices n and n 'describe the average composition of the mixtures of the silicon compound, with a composition n + n' = 10 defined compounds with higher discrete indices can occur. This is explained in more detail in the examples where the preparation of these compounds is discussed using a gas chromatogram.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Gemische von Verbindungen sind durch klassische Hydrolyse von Chlorsilanen, gefolgt von einer an sich bekannten Äquilibrierung, leicht und oft in nahezu 100 %iger Ausbeute herstellbar.The mixtures of compounds to be used according to the invention can be easily and often produced in almost 100% yield by conventional hydrolysis of chlorosilanes, followed by an equilibration known per se.

Typische Beispiele für solche Verbindungsgemische soll folgende Auswahl zeigen.

Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012
The following selection is intended to show typical examples of such compound mixtures.
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012

Die mit schaumfähigen Polyurethansystemen gut verträglichen Verbindungsgemische sind uneingeschränkt in Polyolen lagerfähig, so dass keinerlei Probleme bei der Lagerhaltung auftreten. Sie begünstigen offensichtlich die Keimbildung beim Schaumvorgang und verleihen dem Schaumstoffsystem ein ausgezeichnetes Fließvermögen, was im Falle der Herstellung von Schaumstoffen durch Formgebung bei langen Fließwegen bzw. stark sich verändernden Querschnitten die Voraussetzung zur optimalen Fertigung darstellt.The compound mixtures, which are well compatible with foamable polyurethane systems, can be stored without restrictions in polyols, so that there are no problems with storage. They obviously favor the nucleation during the foaming process and give the foam system excellent fluidity, which is the prerequisite for optimal production in the case of the production of foams by shaping with long flow paths or strongly changing cross sections.

Erfindungsgemäss werden nicht nur Schaumstoffe erhalten, die hervorragende physikalische Daten aufweisen, sondern es werden auch Produkte erhalten, die bei einer rein subjektiven Betrachtungsweise einen guten Eindruck hinterlassen.According to the invention, not only are foams obtained which have excellent physical data, but products are also obtained which, when viewed purely subjectively, leave a good impression.

So wirken z.B. der Griff und die Elastizität auf die Prüfperson ausgesprochen "sympathisch".For example, the grip and elasticity on the test person are decidedly "personable".

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung besteht auch darin, dass die erfindungsgemäss zu verwendenden Verbindungsgemische vortrefflich auf die entsprechenden Schaumstoffsysteme abgestimmt werden können. Obwohl bekannt ist, dass die Gesamtzahl der Siloxyeinheiten für die stabilisierende Wirkung verantwortlich ist (DT-AS 2 402 691), wurde durch die vorliegende Erfindung gefunden, dass durch eine Variation der Organosiloxyeinheiten innerhalb einer bestimmten Gesamtzahl von Siloxyeinheiten eine zusätzliche Feinabstimmung in der stabilisierenden Wirkung möglich ist. Hierdurch gelingt es, (je nach Verhältnis der Indexzahlen n und n' zueinander) die Stabilisierung während des Schäumvorganges so zu steuern, dass extrem stabilisatorbedürftige, schäumfähige Polyurethansysteme einerseits wie auch nahezu sich selbst stabilisierende Systeme andererseits zu hervorragenden, nicht schrumpfenden Schaumstoffen umgesetzt werden können.An advantage of the invention is also that the connection mixtures to be used according to the invention can be matched admirably to the corresponding foam systems. Although it is known that the total number of siloxy units is responsible for the stabilizing effect (DT-AS 2 402 691), it was found by the present invention that by varying the organosiloxy units within a certain total number of siloxy units, an additional fine-tuning in the stabilizing effect is possible. This makes it possible (depending on the ratio of the index numbers n and n 'to one another) to control the stabilization during the foaming process in such a way that, on the one hand, foamable polyurethane systems which require extreme stabilization, like almost self-stabilizing systems can also be converted into excellent, non-shrinking foams.

Als erfindungsgemäß einzusetzende Ausgangskomponenten kommen aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische, aromatische und heterocyclische Polyisocyanate in Betracht, wie sie z.B. von W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, Seiten 75 bis 136, beschrieben werden, beispielsweise Äthylen-diisocyanat, 1,4-Tetramethylendiisocyanat, 1,6-Hexamethylendiisocyanat, 1,12-Dodecandiisocyanat, Cyclobutan-1,3-diisocyanat, Cyclohexan-1,3- und -1,4-diisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, 1-Isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexan (DAS 1 202 785 amerikanische Patentschrift 3 401 190), 2,4- und 2,6-Hexahydrotoluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, Hexahydro-1,3-und/oder -1,4-phenylen-diisocyanat, Perhydro-2,4'- und/oder -4,4'-diphenylmethan-diisocyanat, 1,3- und 1,4-Phenylendiisocyanat, 2,4- und 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, Diphenylmethan-2,4'- und/oder -4,4'-diisocyanat, Naphthylen-1,5-düsocyanat, Triphenylmethan-4,41,4"-triisocyanat, Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanate, wie sie durch Anilin-Formaldehyd-Kondensation und anschließende Phosgenierung erhalten und z.B. in den britischen patentschriften 874 430 und 848 671 beschrieben werden, m- und p-Isocyanatophenylsulfonyl-isocyanate gemäß der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 454 606, perchlorierte Arylpolyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Auslegeschrift 1 157 601 (amerikanische Patentschrift 3 277 138) beschrieben werden, Carbodiimidgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 092 007 (amerikanische Patentschrift 3 152 162) beschrieben werden, Diisocyanate, wie sie in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 492 330 beschrieben werden, Allophanatgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der britischen Patenschrift 994 890, der belgischen Patentschrift 761 626 und der veröffentlichten holländischen Patentanmeldung 7 102 524 beschrieben werden, Isocyanuratgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B, in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 001 973, in den deutschen Patentschriften 1 022 789, 1 222 067 und 1 027 394 sowie in den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 1 929 034 und 2 004 048 beschrieben werden, Urethangruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der belgischen Patentschrift 752 261 oder in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 394 164 beschrieben werden, acylierte Harnstoffgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate gemäß der deutschen Patentschrift 1 230 778, Biuretgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Patentschrift 1,101,394 (amerikanische Patentschriften 3 124 605 und 3 201 372) sowie in der britischen Patentschrift 899 050 beschrieben werden, durch Telomerisationsreaktionen hergestellte Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 654 106 beschrieben werden, Estergruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie zum Beispiel in den britischen Patentschriften 956 474 und 1 072 956, in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 567 763 und in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 231 688 genannt werden, Umsetzungsprodukte der obengenannten Isocyanate mit Acetalen gemäß der deutschen Patentschrift 1 072 385 und polymere Fettsäurereste enthaltende Polyisocyanate gemäß der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 455 883.Suitable starting components according to the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as are described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4 Tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (DAS 1 202 785 American patent specification 3 401 190), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate as well as any mixtures of these isomers, hexahydro-1,3-and / or -1,4 -phenylene diisocyanate, perhydro-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures thereof Isomers, diphenylmethane-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diisocyanate, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, trip henylmethan-4,4 1, 4 "-triisocyanate, polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates such as those obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation and are described in British Patents 874,430 and 848,671, for example, m- and p-Isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanates according to the American patent specification 3 454 606, perchlorinated aryl polyisocyanates as described, for example, in the German patent specification 1 157 601 (American patent specification 3 277 138), polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups, as described in the German patent specification 1 092 007 (American patent specification 3 152 162), diisocyanates as described in US Pat. No. 3,492,330, polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups, as described, for example, in British Pat. No. 994,890, Belgian Pat. No. 761,626 and published Dutch patent application 7 102 524; Polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, such as they are described, for example, in the American patent specification 3 001 973, in the German patent specifications 1 022 789, 1 222 067 and 1 027 394 and in the German patent publications 1 929 034 and 2 004 048, polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, as described, for example, in Belgian patent specification 752 261 or in American patent specification 3 394 164, acylated urea group-containing polyisocyanates according to German patent specification 1 230 778, biuret group-containing polyisocyanates as described, for example, in German patent specification 1,101,394 (American patent specifications 3 124 605 and 3 201 372). as well as described in British Patent 899,050, polyisocyanates prepared by telomerization reactions, such as are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,654,106, polyisocyanates containing ester groups, as described, for example, in British Patents 956,474 and 1,072,956 in American Patent 3,567,763 and i n of German Patent 1,231,688, reaction products of the above-mentioned isocyanates with acetals according to German Patent 1,072,385 and polymeric fatty acid residues containing polyisocyanates according to American Patent 3,455,883.

Es ist auch möglich, die bei der Technischen Isocyanatherstellung anfallenden, Isocyanatgruppen aufweisenden Destillationsrückstände, gegebenenfalls gelöst in einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Poiyisocyanate, einzusetzen. Ferner ist es möglich, beliebige Mischungen der vorgenannten Polyisocyanate zu verwenden.It is also possible to use the distillation residues obtained in the technical production of isocyanate and containing isocyanate groups, optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.

Besonders bevorzugt werden in der Regel die technisch leicht zugänglichen Polyisocyanate, z.B: das 2,4- und 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren ("TDI"), Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanate, wie sie durch Anilin-Formaldehyd-Kondensation und anschließende Phosgenierung hergestellt werden ("rohes MDI") und Carbodiimidgruppen, Urethangruppen, Allophanatgruppen, Isocyanuratgruppen, Harnstoffgruppen oder Biuretgruppen aufweisenden Polyisocyanate ("modifizierte Polyisocyanate").The technically easily accessible polyisocyanates, for example the 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those obtained from aniline-formaldehyde condensation, are generally particularly preferred and subsequent phosgenation are prepared ("crude MDI") and carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups containing polyisocyanates ("modified polyisocyanates").

Erfindungsgemäß einzusetzende Ausgangskomponenten sind ferner Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen von einem Molekulargewicht in der Regel von 400-100000. Hierunter versteht man neben Aminogruppen, Thiolgruppen oder Carboxylgruppen aufweisenden Verbindungen vorzugsweise Polyhydroxylverbindungen, insbesondere zwei bis acht Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Verbindungen, speziell solche vom Molekulargewicht 800 bis 10000, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 6000, z.B. mindestens zwei, in der Regel 2 bis 8, vorzugsweise aber 2 bis"4, hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Polyester, Polyäther, Polythioäther, Polyacetale, Polycarbonate und Polyesteramide, wie sie für die Herstellung von homogenen und von zellförmigen Polyurethanen and sich bekannt sind. 1 Starting components to be used according to the invention are furthermore compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of generally 400-100000. In addition to amino groups, thiol groups or carboxyl group-containing compounds, these are preferably polyhydroxyl compounds, in particular two to eight compounds containing hydroxyl groups, especially those having a molecular weight of 800 to 10,000, preferably 1000 to 6000, for example at least two, usually 2 to 8, but preferably 2 to "4, hydroxyl-containing polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyesteramides as are known per se for the production of homogeneous and cellular polyurethanes. 1

Die in Frage kommenden Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyester sind z.B. Umsetzungsprodukte von mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich dreiwertigen Alkoholen mit mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen, Carbonsäuren, Anstelle der freien Polycarbonsäuren können auch die entsprechenden Polycarbonsäureanhydride oder entsprechende Polycarbonsäureester von niedrigen Alkoholen oder deren Gemische zur Herstellung der Polyester verwendet werden. Die Polycarbonsäuren können aliphatischer, cycloaliphatischer, aromatischer und/oder heterocyclischer Natur sein und gegebenenfalls, z.B. durch Halogenatome, substituiert und/oder ungesättigt sein.The hydroxyl group-containing polyesters are e.g. Reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or their mixtures for the preparation of the polyesters. The polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally, e.g. by halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated.

Als Beispiele hierfür seien genannt: Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Korksäure, Azelainsäure, Sebacinsäure, Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Trimellitsäure, Phthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Hexahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Glutarsäureanhydrid, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Fumarsäure, dimere und trimere Fettsäuren wie Ölsäure, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit monomeren Fettsäuren, Terephthalsauredimethylester und Terephthalsäure-bis-glykolester. Als mehrwertige Alkohole kommen z.B. Äthylenglykol, Propylenglykol-(1,2) und -(1,3), Butylenglykol-(1,4) und -(2,3), Hexandiol-(1,6), Octandiol-(1,8), Neopentylglykol, Cyclohexandimethanol(1,4-Bis-hydroxy- methylcyclohexan), 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-(1,2,6), Butantriol-(1,2,4), Trimethyloläthan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Methylglykosid, ferner Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Tetraäthylenglykol, Polyäthylenglykole, Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykole, Dibutylenglykol und Polybutylenglykole in Frage. Die Polyester können anteilig endständige Carboxylgruppen aufweisen. Auch Polyester aus Lactonen, z.B. ε-Caprolacton oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren, z.B. w-Hydroxycapronsäure, sind einsetzbar.Examples include: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, Seba cic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, maleic acid and maleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as oleic acid fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, such as fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid, fatty acid mixture, Polyhydric alcohols include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol (1,4) and - (2,3), hexanediol (1,6), octanediol (1, 8), neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4 ), Trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methylglycoside, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols. The polyesters may have a proportion of terminal carboxyl groups. Polyesters of lactones, for example ε-caprolactone or hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example w-hydroxycaproic acid, can also be used.

Auch die erfindungsgemäss in Frage kommenden und sogar bevorzugten, mindestens zwei, in der Regel zwei bis acht, vorzugsweise zwei bis drei, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyäther sind solche der an sich bekannten Art und werden z.B. durch Polymerisation von Epoxiden wie Äthylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid, Tetrahydrofuran, Styroloxid oder Epichlorhydrin mit sich selbst, z.B. in Gegenwart von BF3, oder durch Anlagerung dieser Epoxide, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch oder nacheinander, an Startkomponenten mit reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen wie Wasser, Alkohole, Ammoniak oder Amine, z.B. Äthylenglykol, Propy)engiykoi-(1,3) oder -(1,2), Trimethylolpropan, 4,4'-Dihvdroxy-diphenylpropan, Anilin, Äthanolamin oder Äthylendiamin hergestellt. Auch Sucrosepolyäther, wie sie z.B. in den deutschen Auslegeschriften 1 176 358 und 1 064 938 beschrieben werden, kommen erfindungsgemäss in Frage. Veilfach sind solche Polyäther bevorzugt, die überwiegend (bis zu 90 Gew.-%, bezogen auf alle vorhandenen OH-Gruppen im Polyäther) primäre OH-Gruppen aufweisen. Auch durch Vinylpolymerisate modifizierte Polyäther, wie sie z.B. durch Polymerisation von Styrol und Acrylnitril in Gegenwart von Polyäthern entstehen (amerikanische Patentschriften 3 383 351, 3 304 273, 3 523 093, 3 110 695, deutsche Patentschrift 1 152 536) sind geeignet, ebenso OH-Gruppen aufweisende Polybutadiene.The polyethers which are suitable and even preferred according to the invention and which have at least two, generally two to eight, preferably two to three, hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se and are obtained, for example, by polymerizing epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran , Styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, e.g. in the presence of BF 3 , or by the addition of these epoxides, optionally in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as water, alcohols, ammonia or amines, e.g. ethylene glycol, propy) engiykoi- (1 , 3) or - (1,2), trimethylolpropane, 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane, aniline, ethanolamine or ethylenediamine. Sucrose polyethers, such as are described, for example, in German publications 1 176 358 and 1 064 938, are also suitable according to the invention. Polyethers are preferred which have predominantly (up to 90% by weight, based on all the OH groups present in the polyether) primary OH groups. Polyethers modified by vinyl polymers, such as those formed by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (American patents 3,383,351, 3,304,273, 3,523,093, 3,110,695, German patent 1,152,536) are also suitable, as are OH -Group polybutadienes.

Unter den Polythioäthern seien insbesondere die Kondensationsprodukte von Thiodiglykol mit sich selbst und/oder mit anderen Glykolen, Dicarbonsäuren, Formaldehyd, Aminocarbonsäuren oder Aminoalkoholen angeführt. Je nach den Co-Komponenten handelt es sich bei den Produkten um Polythiomischäther, Polythioätherester oder Polythioätheresteramide.Among the polythioethers, the condensation products of thiodiglycol with themselves and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or amino alcohols should be mentioned in particular. Depending on the co-components, the products are polythio ether, polythio ether ester or polythio ether ester amide.

Als Polyacetale kommen z.B. die aus Glykolen, wie Diäthylenglykol. Triäthylenglykol, 4,4'-Dioxäthoxydiphenyldimethylmethan, Hexandiol und Formaldehyd herstellbaren Verbindungen in Frage. Auch durch Polymerisation cyclischer Acetale lassen sich erfindungsgemäß geeignete Polyacetale herstellen.As polyacetals e.g. those from glycols, such as diethylene glycol. Triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxäthoxydiphenyldimethylmethan, hexanediol and formaldehyde producible compounds in question. Polyacetals suitable according to the invention can also be prepared by polymerizing cyclic acetals.

Als Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Polycarbonate kommen solche der an sich bekannten Art in Betracht, die z.B. durch Umsetzung von Diolen wie Propandiol-(1,3), Butandiol-(1,4) und/oder Hexandiol-(1,6), Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol oder Tetraäthylenglykol mit Diarylcarbonaten, z.B. Diphenylcarbonat, oder Phosgen hergestellt werden können.Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se, which e.g. by reacting diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol with diaryl carbonates, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene can be produced.

Zu den Polyesteramiden und Polyamiden zählen z.B. die aus mehrwertigen gesättigten und ungesättigten Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Anhydriden und mehrwertigen gesättigten und ungesättigten Aminoalkoholen, Diaminen, Polyaminen und ihren Mischungen gewonnenen, vorwiegend linearen Kondensate.The polyester amides and polyamides include e.g. the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyvalent saturated and unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and their mixtures.

Auch bereits Urethan- oder Harnstoffgruppen enthaltende Polyhydroxylverbindungen sowie gegebenenfalls modifizierte natürliche Polyole, wie Rizinusöl, Kohlenhydrate oder Stärke, sind verwendbar. Auch Anlagerungsprodukte von Alkylenoxide an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze oder auch an Harnstoff-Formaldehydharze sind erfindungsgemäß einsetzbar.Polyhydroxyl compounds which already contain urethane or urea groups and optionally modified natural polyols, such as castor oil, carbohydrates or starch, can also be used. Addition products of alkylene oxides with phenol-formaldehyde resins or also with urea-formaldehyde resins can also be used according to the invention.

Vertreter dieser erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Verbindungen sind z.B. in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", verfaßt von Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Band I, 1962, Seiten 32-42 und Seiten 44-54 und Band 11, 1964, Seiten 5-6 und 198-199, sowie im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, Vieweg-Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München, 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 45-71, beschrieben.Representatives of these compounds to be used according to the invention are e.g. in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", written by Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Volume I, 1962, pages 32-42 and pages 44-54 and volume 11, 1964, Pages 5-6 and 198-199, as well as in the plastic manual, volume VII, Vieweg-Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 1966, e.g. on pages 45-71.

Selbstverständlich können Mischungen der obengenannten Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 400-100000, z.B. Mischungen von Polyäthern und Polyestern, eingesetzt werden.Of course, mixtures of the above-mentioned compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 400-100000, e.g. Mixtures of polyethers and polyesters can be used.

Als erfindungsgemäß gegebenenfalls einzusetzende Ausgangskomponenten kommen auch Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen von einem Molekulargewicht 32-400 in Frage. Auch in diesem Fall versteht man hierunter Hydroxylgruppen und-oder Aminogruppen und/oder Thiolgruppen und/oder Carboxylgruppen aufweisende Verbindungen, vorzugsweise Hydroxy!gruppen und/oder Aminogruppen aufweisende Verbindungen, die als Kettenverlängerungsmittel oder Vernetzungsmittel dienen. Diese Verbindungen weisen in der Regel 2 bis 8 gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähige Wasserstoffatome auf, vorzugsweise 2 oder 3 reaktionsfähige Wasserstoffatome.Compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 32-400 are also suitable as starting components which may be used according to the invention. In this case too, this means compounds containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and / or thiol groups and / or carboxyl groups, preferably compounds containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups, which serve as chain extenders or crosslinking agents. These compounds generally have 2 to 8 isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, preferably 2 or 3 reactive hydrogen atoms.

Als Beispiele für derartige Verbindungen seien genannt: Äthylenglykol, Propylenglykol- (1,2) und - (1,3), Butylenglykol-(1,4) und -(2,3), Pentandiol-(1,5), Hexandiol-(1,6), Octandiol-(-1,8), Neopentylgly-kol, 1,4-Bis-Hydroxymethyl-cyclohexan, 2-Methyl-1,3-Propandiol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-(1,2,6), Trimethyloläthan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Tetraäthylenglykol, Polyäthylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400 Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400, Dibutylenglykol, Polybutylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400, 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropan, Di-hydroxymethyl-hydrochinon, Äthanolamin, Diäthanolamin, Triäthanolamin, 3-Aminopropanol, Athylendiamin, 1,3-Diaminopropan, 1-Mercapto-3-aminopropan, 4-Hydroxy- oder -Amino-phthalsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Hydrazin, N,N'-Dimethylhydrazin, 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethan, Toluylendiamin, Methylen-bis-chloranilin, Methylen-bis-anthranilsäureester Diaminobenzoesäureester und die isomeren Chlorphenylendiamine.Examples of such compounds are: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol- (1,4) and - (2,3), pentanediol- (1,5), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (-1,8), neopentylglycol, 1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400 dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane, di-hydroxymethyl-hydroquinone, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 1-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol , 3-diaminopropane, 1-mercapto-3-aminopropane, 4-hydroxy- or amino-phthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, hydrazine, N, N'-dimethylhydrazine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, toluenediamine, methylene-bis-chloroaniline , Methylene-bis-anthranilic acid ester, diaminobenzoic acid ester and the isomeric chlorophenylene diamines.

Auch in Diesem Fall können Mischungen von verschiedenen Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 32-400 verwendet werden.In this case too, mixtures of different compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 32-400 can be used.

Erfindungsgemäß können jedoch auch Polyhydroxylverbindungen eingesetzt werden, in welchen hochmolekulare Polyaddukte bzw. Polykondensate in feindisperser oder geloster Form enthalten sind. Derartige modifizierte Polyhydroxylverbindungen werden erhalten, wenn man Polyadditionsreaktionen (z.B. Umsetzungen zwischen Polyisocyanaten und aminofunktionellen Verbindungen) bzw. Polykondensationsreaktionen (z.B. zwischen Formaldehyd und Phenolen und/oder Aminen) direkt in situ in den oben genannten, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Verbindungen ablaufen läßt. Derartige Verfahren sind beispielsweise in den Deutschen Auslegeschriften 1 168 075 und 1 260 142, sowie den Deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 2 324 134, 2 423 984, 2 512 385, 2 513 815, 2 550 796, 2 550 797, 2 550 833 und 2 550 862 beschrieben. Es ist aber auch möglich, gemäß US-Patent 3 869 413 bzw. Deutscher Offenlegungsschrift 2 550 860 eine fertige wässrige Polymerdispersion mit einer Polyhydroxylverbindung zu vermischen und anschließend aus dem Gemisch das Wasser zu entfernen.According to the invention, however, polyhydroxyl compounds can also be used in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates are contained in finely dispersed or dissolved form. Such modified polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained if polyaddition reactions (e.g. reactions between polyisocyanates and amino-functional compounds) or polycondensation reactions (e.g. between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) are carried out directly in situ in the above-mentioned compounds containing hydroxyl groups. Such methods are described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift 1 168 075 and 1 260 142, and German Offenlegungsschriften 2,324,134, 2,423,984, 2,512,385, 2,513,815, 2,550,796, 2,550,797, 2,550,833 and 2,550 862. However, it is also possible to mix a finished aqueous polymer dispersion with a polyhydroxyl compound in accordance with US Pat. No. 3,869,413 or German Offenlegungsschrift 2,550,860 and then remove the water from the mixture.

Bei der Verwendung von modifizierten Polyhydroxylverbindungen der oben genannten Art als Ausgangskomponente im Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsverfahren entstehen in vielen Fällen Polyurethankunststoffe mit wesentlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften.When using modified polyhydroxyl compounds of the type mentioned above as the starting component in the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, polyurethane plastics with significantly improved mechanical properties are produced in many cases.

Erfindungsgemäß werden Wasser und/oder leicht flüchtige organische Substanzen als Treibmittel mitverwendet. Als organische Treibmittel kommen z.B. Aceton, Äthylacetat, halogensubstituierte Alkane wie Methylen-chlorid, Chloroform, Äthylen-chlorid, Vinylidenchlorid, Mono-fluortrichlormethan, Chlordifluormethan, Dichlordifluormethan, ferner Butan, Hexan, Heptan oder Diäthyl- äther infrage. Eine Treibwirkung kann auch durch Zusatz von bei Temperaturen über Raumtemperatur unter Abspaltung von Gasen, beispielsweise von Stickstoff, sich zersetzenden Verbindungen, z.B. Azoverbindungen wie Azoisobuttersäurenitril, erzielt werden. Weitere Beispiele für Treibmittel sowie Einzelheiten über die Verwendung von Treibmitteln sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchten, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 108 und 109, 453 bis 455 und 507 bis 510 beschrieben.According to the invention, water and / or volatile organic substances are also used as blowing agents. As organic blowing agents come e.g. Acetone, ethyl acetate, halogen-substituted alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, butane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether are also suitable. A blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with the elimination of gases, for example nitrogen, e.g. Azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile can be achieved. Further examples of propellants as well as details on the use of propellants can be found in the Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchten, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. on pages 108 and 109, 453 to 455 and 507 to 510.

Erfindungsgemäß werden ferner oft Katalysatoren mitverwendet. Als mitzuverwendende Katalysatoren kommen solche der an sich bekannten Art infrage, z.B. tertiäre Amine, wie Triäthylamin, Tributylamin, N-Methyl-morpholin, N-Äthyl-morpholin, N-Cocomorpholin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl- äthylendiamin, 1,4-Diaza-bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan, N-Methyl-N'-dimethylaminoäthyl-piperazin, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamin, Bis-(N,N-diäthylaminoäthyl)-adipat, N,N-Diäthylbenzylamin, Pentamethyldiäthylentriamin, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,3-butandiamin, N,N-Dimethyl- ß-phenyläthylamin, 1,2-Dimethylimidazol; 2-Methylimidazol. Als Katalysatoren kommen auch an sich bekannte Mannichbasen aus sekundären Aminen, wie Dimethylamin, und Aldehyden, vorzugsweise Formaldehyd, oder Ketonen wie Aceton, Methyläthylketon oder Cyclohexanon und Phenolen, wie Phenol, Nonylphenol oder Bisphenol in Frage.According to the invention, catalysts are often also used. Suitable catalysts to be used are those of the type known per se, e.g. tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, 1,4-diaza-bicyclo- (2.2 , 2) octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethylaminoethyl-piperazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-diethylaminoethyl) adipate, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N , N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N-dimethyl-ß-phenylethylamine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 2-methylimidazole. Suitable catalysts are also known Mannich bases from secondary amines, such as dimethylamine, and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone and phenols, such as phenol, nonylphenol or bisphenol.

Gegenüber Isocyanatgruppen aktive Wasserstoffatome aufweisende tertiäre Amine als Katalysatoren sind z.B. Triäthanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, N-Methyldiäthanolamin, N-Äthyl-diäthanolamin, N,N-Dimethyl-äthanolamin, sowie deren Umsetzungsprodukte mit Alkylenoxiden, wie Propylenoxid und/oder Äthylenoxid.Tertiary amines which have hydrogen atoms active against isocyanate groups as catalysts are e.g. Triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, and their reaction products with alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide.

Als Katalysatoren kommen ferner Silaamine mit Kohlenstoff-Silizium-Bindungen, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 229 290 (entsprechend der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 620 984) beschrieben sind, in Frage, z.B. 2,2,4-Trimethyl-2-silamorpholin und 1,3-Diäthylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxan.Silaamines with carbon-silicon bonds, such as those e.g. in German Patent 1,229,290 (corresponding to American Patent 3,620,984) are in question, e.g. 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine and 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane.

Als Katalysatoren kommen auch stickstoffhaltige Basen wie Tetraalkylammoniumhydroxide, ferner Alkalihydroxide wie Natriumhydroxid, Alkaliphenolate wie Natriumphenolat oder Alkalialkoholate wie Natriummethylat in Betracht. Auch Hexahydrotriazine können als Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden.Suitable catalysts are also nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, alkali phenolates such as sodium phenolate or alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. Hexahydrotriazines can also be used as catalysts.

Erfindungsgemäß können auch organische Metallverbindungen, insbesondere organische Zinnverbindungen, als Katalysatoren, verwendet werden.According to the invention, organic metal compounds, in particular organic tin compounds, can also be used as catalysts.

Als organische Zinnverbindungen kommen vorzugsweise Zinn(II)-salze von Carbonsäuren wie Zinn(II)-acetat, Zinn(II)-octoat, Zinn(11)-äthylhexoat und Zinn(II)-laurat und die Zinn(IV)-Verbindungen, z:B. Dibutylzinnoxid, Dibutylzinndichlorid, Dibutylzinndiacetat, Dibutylzinndilaurat, Dibutylzinnmaleat oder Dioctylzinndiacetat in Betracht. Selbstverständlich können alle obengenannten Katalysatoren als Gemische eingesetzt werden.Preferred organic tin compounds are tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (11) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the tin (IV) compounds, e.g.: Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate. Of course, all of the above catalysts can be used as mixtures.

Weitere Vertreter von erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Katalysatoren sowie Einzelheiten über die Wirkungsweise der Katalysatoren sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 96 bis 102 beschrieben.Further representatives of catalysts to be used according to the invention and details on the mode of action of the catalysts are in the plastics manual, volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. described on pages 96 to 102.

Die Katalysatoren werden in der Regel in einer Menge zwischen etwa 0,001 und 10 Gew.-%, be- zogen auf die Menge an Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen von einem Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 100000, eingesetzt.The catalysts are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10 wt .-%, aeration zo g s to the amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and a molecular weight of 400 to 100,000.

Erfindungsgemäß können auch oberflächenaktive Zusatzstoffe, wie Emulgatoren und Schaumstabilisatoren mitverwendet werden. Als Emulgatoren kommen z.B. die Natriumsalze von Ricinusölsulfonaten oder Salze von Fettsäuren mit Aminen wie ölsaures Diäthylamin oder stearinsaures Diäthanolamin infrage. Auch Alkali-oder Ammoniumsalze von Sulfonsäuren wie etwa von Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure oder Dinaphthylmethandisulfonsäure oder von Fettsäuren wie Ricinolsäure oder von polymeren Fettsäuren können als oberflächenaktive Zusatzstoffe mi,tverwendet werden.According to the invention, surface-active additives such as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers can also be used. The emulsifiers are e.g. the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as oleic acid diethylamine or stearic acid diethanolamine. Alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulfonic acid or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can also be used as surface-active additives.

Erfindungsgemäß können femer auch Reaktionsverzögerer, z.B. sauer reagierende Stoffe wie Salzsäure oder organische Säurehalogenide, ferner Zellregler der an sich bekannten Art wie Paraffine oder Fettalkohole oder Dimethylpolysiloxane sowie Pigmente oder Farbstoffe und Flammschutzmittel der an sich bekannten Art, z.B. Tris-chloräthylphosphat, Trikresylphosphat oder Ammoniumphosphat und -polyphosphat, ferner Stabilisatoren gegen Alterungs- und Witterungseinflüsse, Weichmacher und fungistatisch und bakteriostatisch wirkende Substanzen sowie Füllstoffe wie Barimsulfat, Kieselgur,_Ruß oder Schlämmkreide mitverwendet werden.According to the invention, reaction retarders, e.g. acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides, further cell regulators of the type known per se such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes as well as pigments or dyes and flame retardants of the type known per se, e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, further stabilizers against aging and weather influences, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances and fillers such as barim sulfate, diatomaceous earth, carbon black or sludge chalk are also used.

Weitere Beispiele von gegebenenfalls erfindungsgemäß mitzuverwendenden oberflächenaktiven Zusatzstoffen und Schaumstabilisatoren sowie Zellreglern, Reaktionsverzögerern, Stabilisatoren, flammhemmenden Substanzen, Weichmachern, Farbstoffen und Füllstoffen sowie fungistatisch und bakteriostatisch wirksamen Substanzen sowie Einzelheiten über Verwendungs- und Wirkungsweise dieser Zusatzmittel sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 103 bis 113 beschrieben.Further examples of surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention, as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flame-retardant substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, as well as details on the use and mode of action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. described on pages 103 to 113.

Die Reaktionskomponenten werden erfindungsgemäß nach dem an sich bekannten Einstufenverfahren, dem Prepolymerverfahren oder dem Semiprepolymerverfahren zur Umsetzung gebracht, wobei man sich oft maschineller Einrichtungen bedient, z.B. solcher, die in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 2 764 565 beschrieben werden. Einzelheiten über Verarbeitungseinrichtungen, die auch erfindungsgemäß infrage kommen, werden im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 121 bis 205 beschrieben.According to the invention, the reaction components are reacted according to the one-step process, the prepolymer process or the semi-prepolymer process, which are known per se, machine equipment often being used, e.g. those described in U.S. Patent 2,764,565. Details on processing devices which are also suitable according to the invention are given in the plastics manual, volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. described on pages 121 to 205.

Bei der Schaumstoffherstellung wird erfindungsgemäß die Verschäumung oft in Formen durchgeführt. Dabei wird das Reaktionsgemisch in eine Form eingetragen. Als Formmaterial kommt Metall, z.B. Aluminium, oder Kunststoff, z.B. Epoxidharz, infrage. In der Form schäumt das schäumfähige Reaktionsgemisch auf und bildet den Formkörper. Die Formverschäumung kann dabei so durchgeführt werden, daß das Formteil an seiner Oberfläche Zellstruktur aufweist, es kann aber auch so durchgeführt werden, daß das Formteil eine kompakte Haut und einen zelligen Kern aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß kann man in diesem Zusammenhang so vorgehen, daß man in die Form so viel schäumfähiges Reaktionsgemisch einträgt, daß der gebildete Schaumstoff die Form gerade ausfüllt. Man kann aber auch so arbeiten, daß man mehr schäumfähiges Reaktionsgemisch in die Form einträgt, als zur Ausfüllung des Forminneren mit Schaumstoff notwendig ist. Im letztgenannten Fall wird somit unter "overcharging" gearbeitet; eine derartige Verfahrensweise ist z.B. aus den amerikanischen Patentschriften 3 178 490 und 3 182 104 bekannt.In foam production, foaming is often carried out in molds according to the invention. The reaction mixture is introduced into a mold. Metal, e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, e.g. Epoxy resin, in question. The foamable reaction mixture foams in the mold and forms the shaped body. The foaming of the mold can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface, but it can also be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a compact skin and a cellular core. According to the invention, one can proceed in this connection in such a way that so much foamable reaction mixture is introduced into the mold that the foam formed just fills the mold. However, it is also possible to work by adding more foamable reaction mixture to the mold than is necessary to fill the interior of the mold with foam. In the latter case, "overcharging" is used; such a procedure is e.g. known from U.S. Patents 3,178,490 and 3,182,104.

Bei der Formverschäumung werden vielfach an sich bekannte "äußere Trennmittel", wie Siliconöle, mitverwendet. Man kann aber auch sogenannte "innere Trennmittel", gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit äußeren Trennmitteln, verwenden, wie sie z.B. aus den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 2 121 670 und 2 307 589 bekanntgeworden sind.In the case of mold foaming, "external release agents" known per se, such as silicone oils, are often used. But you can also use so-called "internal release agents", optionally in a mixture with external release agents, such as those e.g. have become known from German Offenlegungsschriften 2 121 670 and 2 307 589.

Selbstverständlich können aber auch Schaumstoffe durch Blockverschäumung hergestellt werden.Of course, foams can also be produced by block foaming.

Erfindungsgemäß werden bevorzugt kalthärtende Schaumstoffe herzustellen (vgl. britische Patentschrift 1 162 517, deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 2 153 086).According to the invention, preference is given to producing cold-curing foams (cf. British patent specification 1 162 517, German patent application specification 2 153 086).

Die nach der Erfindung erhältlichen Produkte finden z.B. Anwendung als Polstermaterialien.The products obtainable according to the invention find e.g. Use as upholstery materials.

BeispieleExamples Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Gemische von SiliciumverbindungenPreparation of the mixtures of silicon compounds to be used according to the invention

Durch klassische, an sich bekannte Cohydrolyse wird ein Rohhydrolysat mit der gewünschten Zusammensetzung hergestellt.Classic hydrolyzation, known per se, produces a crude hydrolyzate with the desired composition.

Das getrocknete Rohprodukt wird-wie ebenfalls bekannt-mit einem sauren Katalysator äquilibriert.As is also known, the dried crude product is equilibrated with an acid catalyst.

Zur näheren Erläuterung sei nachfolgend die Herstellung eines Produktes der globalen Zusammensetzung

Figure imgb0013
in der n ca. zwei bedeutet, beschrieben:

  • 10 Mol (1430 g) Chlormethyldimethylchlorsilan werden mit
  • 10 Mol (1290 g) Dimethyldichlorsilan vermischt und-über zweit Stunden verteilt-in 5 Liter Wasser gegeben.
For a more detailed explanation below is the manufacture of a product of global composition
Figure imgb0013
where n means about two:
  • 10 mol (1430 g) of chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane are mixed with
  • 10 mol (1290 g) of dimethyldichlorosilane are mixed and, distributed over two hours, added to 5 liters of water.

Nachdem 30 Minuten gerührt wurde, werden die beiden Phasen sorgfältig getrennt und das Rohhydrolysat über Na2SO4 getrocknet; anschliessend wird bei 150°C mit 3% getrockneter Bleicherde während 5 Stunden äquilibriert. Das äquilibrierte vom Katalysator durch Filtration befreite Produkt ist transparent und nahezu farblos.After stirring for 30 minutes, the two phases are carefully separated and the crude hydrolyzate is dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; it is then equilibrated at 150 ° C. with 3% dried bleaching earth for 5 hours. The equilibrated product freed from the catalyst by filtration is transparent and almost colorless.

Ausbeute: 1816 g (96% d.Th.)Yield: 1816 g (96% of theory)

Figure imgb0014
Figure imgb0014
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0015

Das erhaltene Produkt mit dem Globalindex n ca. 2 wurde gaschromatographisch in seine diskreten Bestandteile

Figure imgb0016
in denen x eine ganze ungebrochene Zahl bedeutet, zerlegt:
Figure imgb0017
The product obtained with the global index n approx. 2 was broken down into its discrete components by gas chromatography
Figure imgb0016
in which x means a whole unbroken number, broken down:
Figure imgb0017

Die weiteren höhermolekularen Produkte konnten nicht mehr mit Sicherheit identifiziert werden.The other higher molecular weight products could no longer be identified with certainty.

Wie schon erwähnt, können bei einer Globalzusammensetzung, die durch ca. 2 bestimmt ist, durchweg definierte, durch ihren Siedepunkt charakterisierte Verbindungen mit einem Index x auftreten, dessen numerischer Wert grösser oder kleiner n ist.

  • a) Die nachfolgend aufgeführten Beispiele 1-3 wurden unter absolut identischen Verfahrens- und Versuchsbedingungen durchgeführt.
    Figure imgb0018
  • b) Die in den Tabellen aufgeführten Treibreaktionsdaten (Endhöhe, relat, Startzeit, maximale Schaumgeschwindigkeit, Steigzeit) wurden aus Weg-Zeit-Diagrammen ermittelt, die mit einem üblichen Wegaufnehmer erhalten wurden. Dabei konnte auch das Schaumverhalten (Setzen, Schrumpf) registriert werden.
  • c) Die Strömungswiderstände wurden nach der Dow-air-flow-Methode in mmWs bestimmt und sind ein Maß für die Offenzelligkeit.
As already mentioned, with a global composition which is determined by approx. 2, consistently defined compounds characterized by their boiling point can occur with an index x whose numerical value is greater or less than n.
  • a) Examples 1-3 listed below were carried out under absolutely identical process and experimental conditions.
    Figure imgb0018
  • b) The driving reaction data listed in the tables (final height, relat, start time, maximum foam speed, rise time) were determined from path-time diagrams that were obtained with a conventional displacement sensor. The foam behavior (setting, shrinkage) could also be registered.
  • c) The flow resistances were determined according to the Dow-air-flow method in mmWs and are a measure of the open cell.

Die übrigen mechanischen Werte wurden nach folgenden DIN-Normen gemessen:

Figure imgb0019
The other mechanical values were measured according to the following DIN standards:
Figure imgb0019

Beispiel 1example 1

  • A) 50 Gewichtsteile eines auf Trimethylolpropan gestarteten Polypropylenglykols, das mit Äthylenoxid so modifiziert wurde, dass endständig 90% primäre Hydroxylgruppen bei einer OH-Zahl von 28 resultieren, und 50 Gewichtsteile eines auf Trimethylolpropan gestarteten Polypropylentriols, das mit Äthylenoxid so modifiziert wurde, dass endständig 85% primäre Hydroxylgruppen resultieren, welches zudem mit Acrylnitril und Styrol (im Verhältnis 60 : 40 Gew.-%) gepfropft wurde und eine OH-Zahl von 28 aufwies, 2,7 Gewichtsteile Wasser
    • 0,15 Gewichtsteile Diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octan (als Katalysator),
    • 0.08 Gewichtsteile 2,2'-Dimethylaminodiäthyläther (als Katalysator).
    A) 50 parts by weight of a polypropylene glycol started on trimethylolpropane, which was modified with ethylene oxide in such a way that 90% primary hydroxyl groups with an OH number of 28 result in the end, and 50 parts by weight of a polypropylene triol started on trimethylolpropane, which was modified with ethylene oxide so that it ended 85% primary hydroxyl groups result, which was additionally grafted with acrylonitrile and styrene (in a ratio of 60:40% by weight) and had an OH number of 28, 2.7 parts by weight of water
    • 0.15 parts by weight of diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane (as catalyst),
    • 0.08 parts by weight of 2,2'-dimethylaminodiethyl ether (as a catalyst).
  • B) 0,05 Gewichtsteile der Siliziumverbindung der Formel
    Figure imgb0020
    in welcher R' und R2 für Chloromethyl, R für Methyl, n' für 0 und n für 1, 2 oder 3 stehen, wurden vermischt mit
    B) 0.05 part by weight of the silicon compound of the formula
    Figure imgb0020
    in which R 'and R 2 represent chloromethyl, R represent methyl, n' represent 0 and n represent 1, 2 or 3 were mixed with
  • C) 34,0 Gewichtsteilen eines Gemisches aus 80 Gew.-% Toluylendiisocyanat (2,4- und 2,6-lsomeren im Gewichtsverhältnis 80:20%) und 20 Gew.-% eines Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanates, welches durch Anilin-Formaldehyd-Kondensation und nachfolgende Phosgenierung erhalten worden ist, und in einem Päckchen zur Reaktion gebracht.C) 34.0 parts by weight of a mixture of 80% by weight of tolylene diisocyanate (2,4- and 2,6-isomers in a weight ratio of 80:20%) and 20% by weight of a polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanate, which is obtained by aniline Formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation has been obtained and reacted in a packet.
  • D) Man erhält Schaumstoffe mit folgenden Reaktionsdaten und mechanischen Eigenschaften:
    Figure imgb0021
    D) Foams are obtained with the following reaction data and mechanical properties:
    Figure imgb0021

Da immer die gleiche Konzentration der Siliziumverbindungen -unabhängig von n-eingesetzt wurde, sind die mechanischen Daten dar Schaumstoffe bei n=3 infolge von Geschlossenzelligkeit in Klammern gesetzt. Die Konzentration von 0,05 Gewichtsteilen der eingesetzten Siliziumverbindung mit n=3 war schon zu hoch.Since the same concentration of silicon compounds was used regardless of n, the mechanical data of the foams are at n = 3 due to the closed cell structure in Brackets. The concentration of 0.05 part by weight of the silicon compound used with n = 3 was already too high.

Beispiel 2Example 2

  • A) 100 Gewichtsteile eines Polyolgemisches gemäss Beispiel 1 AA) 100 parts by weight of a polyol mixture according to Example 1A
  • B) 1,0 Gewichtsteile einer Siliziumverbindung gemäß der in Beispiel 1 B) genannten Formel, in welcher R1 und R für Methyl, R2 für Chloromethyl, n für 0 und n' für 1,2 oder 3 stehen, wurden vermischt mitB) 1.0 part by weight of a silicon compound according to the formula given in Example 1 B), in which R 1 and R are methyl, R 2 is chloromethyl, n is 0 and n 'is 1 , 2 or 3, were mixed with
  • C) 34.0 Gewichtsteilen eines Isocyanatgemisches gemäss Beispiel 1 C und in einem Päckchen zur Reaktion gebracht.C) 34.0 parts by weight of an isocyanate mixture according to Example 1 C and reacted in a packet.
  • D) Man erhält Schaumstoffe mit folgenden Reaktionsdaten und mechanischen Eigenschaften:D) Foams are obtained with the following reaction data and mechanical properties:
Figure imgb0022
Figure imgb0022
Beispiel 3Example 3

  • A) 100 Gewichtsteile eines Polyolgemisches gemäss Beispiel 1 A.A) 100 parts by weight of a polyol mixture according to Example 1A.
  • B) 1,0 Gewichtsteile einer Siliziumverbindung der in Beispiel 1 B) genannten Formel, in welcher R1 und R für Methyl, R2 für Chloromethyl, n' für 1 und n für 0,02 stehen, wurden vermischt mitB) 1.0 part by weight of a silicon compound of the formula given in Example 1 B), in which R 1 and R are methyl, R 2 is chloromethyl, n 'is 1 and n is 0.02, were mixed with
  • C) 34.0 Gewichtsteilen eines Isocyanatgemisches gemäss Beispiel 1 C und in einem Päckchen zur Reaktion gebracht.C) 34.0 parts by weight of an isocyanate mixture according to Example 1 C and reacted in a packet.
  • D) Man erhält Schaumstoffe mit folgenden Reaktionsdaten und mechanischen Eigenschaften:
    Figure imgb0023
    D) Foams are obtained with the following reaction data and mechanical properties:
    Figure imgb0023

Die Beispiele 1 bis 3 zeigen, dass es

  • a) durch die Wahl der obengenannten Siliziumverbindung mit unterschiedlichem n oder
  • b) mit unterschiedlichem n' oder
  • c) mit unerschiedlicher Kombination von n oder n'

hervorragend möglich ist, die Stabilisierung der Schaumstoffe, die Offenzelligkeiten, die Endhöhen und das Scnaumverhalten gezielt und in weitem Bereich maßgeschneiaert abgestuft einzustellen. Dabei ist die Konzentration je nach Typ der Siliziumverbindung von extrem geringen bis zu grossen Mengen variabel.Examples 1 to 3 show that it
  • a) by choosing the above silicon compound with different n or
  • b) with different n 'or
  • c) with different combinations of n or n '

It is excellently possible to set the stabilization of the foams, the open cells, the final heights and the foam behavior in a targeted manner and in a wide range tailored to the individual needs. Depending on the type of silicon compound, the concentration can vary from extremely small to large amounts.

Die Vernetzungsaktivitäten werden während der Schaumherstellung nicht tangiert, während die Treibaktivitäten lediglich in der letzten Phase (Steigzeit) etwas beeinflusst werden.The crosslinking activities are not affected during the foam production, while the blowing activities are only slightly influenced in the last phase (rise time).

Mit der unter Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Rezeptur sowie mit den in Beispiel 2 und 3 beschriebenen Silikonen lassen sich Formschäume herstellen, welche keine Randzonenstörungen oder Bläschenbildung unter der Oberfläche aufweisen.With the recipe described in Example 1 and with the silicones described in Examples 2 and 3, molded foams can be produced which have no marginal zone defects or bubbles under the surface.

Die nachfolgend aufgeführten Beispiele wurden unter für die Schaumherstellung üblichen Bedingungen durchgeführt.The examples listed below were carried out under conditions customary for foam production.

Beispiel 4Example 4

  • A) 100 Gewichtststeile eines auf Trimethylolpropan gestarteten Polypropylentriols, das mit Äthylenoxid so modifiziert wurde, dass endständig 80% primäre Hydroxylgruppen bei einer OH-Zahl von 28 resultieren,
    Figure imgb0024
    A) 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene triol started on trimethylolpropane and modified with ethylene oxide in such a way that 80% primary hydroxyl groups with an OH number of 28 result in the end,
    Figure imgb0024
  • B) 0,9 Gewichtsteile einer Siliziumverbindung gemäß der in Beispiel 1 B) genannten Formel, in welcher R1 und R2 Chlormethyl, R für Methyl, n' für 3 und n für 3 stehen, wurden vermischt mitB) 0.9 part by weight of a silicon compound according to the formula given in Example 1 B), in which R 1 and R 2 are chloromethyl, R is methyl, n 'is 3 and n is 3, were mixed with
  • C) 56,3 Gewichtsteilen eines Allophanat-modifizierten Toluylendiisocyanats (2,4- und 2,6-lsomeren im Gewichtsverhältnis 80:20 Gew.-%) des NCO-Gehaltes 40,1-40,9%.C) 56.3 parts by weight of an allophanate-modified tolylene diisocyanate (2,4- and 2,6-isomers in a weight ratio of 80:20% by weight) of the NCO content 40.1-40.9%.
  • D) Man erhält Schaumstoffe mit folgenden Reaktionsdaten und mechanischen Eigenschaften:
    Figure imgb0025
    D) Foams are obtained with the following reaction data and mechanical properties:
    Figure imgb0025
Beispiel 5Example 5

  • A) 100 Gewichtsteile eine Polyätherdispersion, hergestellt aus einem Polyäther aus Propylenoxid, Äthylenoxid und Trimethololpropan (Hydroxylzahl 35, ca. 70% primäre Hydroxylgruppen), Toluylendiisocyanat, 2,4 und 2,6 Isomers im Gewichtsverhältnis 80:20) und Hydrazinhydrat,
    Figure imgb0026
    A) 100 parts by weight of a polyether dispersion, prepared from a polyether from propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and trimethololpropane (hydroxyl number 35, approx. 70% primary hydroxyl groups), tolylene diisocyanate, 2.4 and 2.6 isomers in a weight ratio of 80:20) and hydrazine hydrate,
    Figure imgb0026
  • B) 0,6 Gewichtsteile einer Siliziumverbindung gemäß der in Beispiel 1 B) genannten Formel, in welcher R und R2 für Chloromethyl, R für Methyl, n' für 0 und n für 2 Stehen, wurden vermischt mitB) 0.6 part by weight of a silicon compound according to the formula given in Example 1 B), in which R and R 2 for chloromethyl, R for methyl, n 'for 0 and n for 2 stands, were mixed with
  • C) 38.5 Gewichtsteilen Toluylendiisocyanat (2,4- und 2,6 Isomeres im Gewichtsverhältnis 80:20).C) 38.5 parts by weight of tolylene diisocyanate (2,4- and 2,6-isomer in a weight ratio of 80:20).
  • D) Man erhält Schaumstoffe mit folgenden Reaktionsdaten und mechanischen Eigenschaften:
    Figure imgb0027
    D) Foams are obtained with the following reaction data and mechanical properties:
    Figure imgb0027

Claims (4)

1. Process for the production of non-shrinking foams which contain urethane groups by the reaction of compounds with a molecular weight of from 400 to 100,000 which have at least 2 active hydrogen atoms with polyisocyanates in the presence of water and/or organic blowing agents, silicon compounds and optionally in the presence of catalysts and other auxiliary agents, characterised in that the silicon compounds used are mixtures of compounds of the general formula:
Figure imgb0029
wherein R denotes an alkyl or alkenyl group with up to 3 C atoms,
R2 denotes a chloromethyl group,
R' represents a group R2 or R, -
n' is a whole number or fraction of from 0 to 9,
n is a whole number or fraction of from 0 to 9,
and n + n' ≤ 10,

n and n' representing the average composition of the mixtures, which are obtained by known hydrolysis of corresponding chlorosilanes and subsequent equilibration, and R1 being the same as R2 when n'=0, which mixtures of compound are used in quantities of from 0.01 to 2.0 % by weight, based on the compounds with a molecular weight of from 400 to 100,000 which have active hydrogen atoms.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the silicon compounds are used in quantities of 0.1 and 1.0% by weight based on the compounds which have active hydrogen atoms, preferably polyethers.
3. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that, in the general formula, R denotes a methyl group.
4. Process according to Claims 1-3, characterised in that the compounds with a molecular weight of 400-100,000 used which have active hydrogen atoms are polyethers having at least 2 hydroxyl groups.
EP78100555A 1977-08-11 1978-07-31 Process for the preparation of polyurethane foams Expired EP0000761B1 (en)

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JPS612085B2 (en) 1986-01-22
ES472468A1 (en) 1979-03-16
EP0000761A1 (en) 1979-02-21
IT7850685A0 (en) 1978-08-09
IT1106871B (en) 1985-11-18

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