EP0000504B1 - Circuit arrangement for the detection and recording of the activity of the uterus - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for the detection and recording of the activity of the uterus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000504B1
EP0000504B1 EP78100372A EP78100372A EP0000504B1 EP 0000504 B1 EP0000504 B1 EP 0000504B1 EP 78100372 A EP78100372 A EP 78100372A EP 78100372 A EP78100372 A EP 78100372A EP 0000504 B1 EP0000504 B1 EP 0000504B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
signals
circuit arrangement
signal
arrangement according
activity
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EP78100372A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000504A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Nagel
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Biotronik SE and Co KG
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Biotronik Mess und Therapiegeraete GmbH and Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/43Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
    • A61B5/4306Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
    • A61B5/4343Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
    • A61B5/4362Assessing foetal parameters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/344Foetal cardiography
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389Electromyography [EMG]
    • A61B5/391Electromyography [EMG] of genito-urinary organs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the detection and registration of uterine activity by means of electrical signals as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the monitoring and evaluation of uterine activity which enables an assessment of labor, is important in perinatal medicine to observe the course of pregnancy and to assess the condition of the fetus.
  • a so-called "open-end catheter” filled with liquid is inserted into the amniotic cavity or between the amniotic sac and the uterine wall to determine the pressure. After performing a zero adjustment, this procedure can be used to determine the absolute pressure of the uterus.
  • the external tokenography is based on a method already given by Rech in 1934.
  • a pressure transducer which is usually designed as a strain gauge, is attached to the abdomen of the pregnant woman with an elastic strap. Due to the stroke changes caused by uterine contractions of a stylus, which acts mechanically on the strain gauges, an electrical signal is obtained that represents a measure of the labor activity and the temporal course of which is evaluated by the attending physician.
  • the method of external tokenography has the disadvantage that the indirect method of taking up pressure is exposed to numerous interferences which falsify the measurement result. Such disturbances already represent, for example, the changes in stroke associated with breathing.
  • the non-invasive method is based on the assumption that the pressure detected and registered on the abdomen by means of the stylus is a sufficient approximation of the intrauterine pressure. With this measurement, however, it is not possible to obtain sufficiently precise information about the course of the uterine activity.
  • the aforementioned method has the disadvantage that a large number of electromyographic leads leading to intrauterine electrodes must be provided in order to record the individual activity centers and to obtain clarity about the activity of the entire uterus by means of a statement about the spread of stimuli.
  • the object of the invention specified in claim 1 is to provide a device of the type mentioned which does not bother the patient and which provides the doctor with a reliable result in a reproducible and easily interpretable manner.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the intrauterine pressure changes are also caused directly by muscle contractions, and the electrical fields associated with these contractions can be measured electromyographically on the surface of the skin.
  • a measure of the intensity of the contractions is not directly the measured voltage curve, but, as was found with the invention, an average of the pulse-shaped AC voltage components of the measured signals in a very specific frequency interval, which is compared to the frequency interval previously used for electrical measurement of uterine activity is shifted above.
  • Intensity is understood to mean a value that is representative of the magnitude of the amplitude of the alternating voltage component and can be obtained, for example, by rectifying the alternating voltage component or squaring in the sense of a power determination.
  • the output signal thus runs essentially at least similar to an envelope of the electro-myographically recorded signal.
  • the output signal does not form a measure of a size determined on the basis of one-dimensionally directed forces, but instead uses the intrauterine pressure to establish a relationship to a phenomenon which is based on a three-dimensional mechanical state of tension with muscle forces acting in all spatial directions.
  • a medical examination device based on the device according to the invention that, owing to its simple operability and reliable detection of the signals to be emitted, it is particularly suitable for routine examinations, so that there is a wide field of application not only in the clinical field. Since the measurement result is comparable to that of the conventional mechanically working tocopograph, there are no difficulties for the treating doctor in interpreting the results. It is also advantageous that the maternal and fetal heart signals are contained in the abdominally derived electromyogram as interference signals, but these can, if necessary, be filtered out and evaluated separately.
  • the information contained in the measurement and thus accessible to the doctor is more extensive than is the case when pressure sensors are used. Since the attachment of skin electrodes is much easier to carry out than the attachment of mechanical pressure transducers, the determination of uterine activity is made considerably easier for the doctor. The reduction in the examination time to be spent per patient is also associated with a reduction in treatment costs.
  • the device according to the invention it is possible to record the activity of the entire uterus and the abdominal muscles by placing the electrodes accordingly.
  • the shape of the averaged and displayed contractions can be used to draw conclusions about the excitation and spread of contractions. In this way, the doctor can also recognize motility disorders, such as incoordination, at an early stage.
  • the evaluation of the myo signals can be carried out in an advantageous manner by using an appropriate bandpass filter in a frequency range of approximately 150 to 250 Hz. It is favorable that the signal components of the fetal and maternal electrocardiogram that are disturbing when the uterine motility is detected are smaller in amplitude in this frequency range than the myopotentials to be evaluated and therefore have little influence on the result.
  • Another possibility in determining the uterine activity of reducing the effect of interfering signals is to select a sufficiently large time constant used for averaging (by low-pass filtering) the rectified or squared signal. In this case (with a time constant of several seconds) even that frequency range of the myographically recorded signal of approximately 15 to 40 Hz can be used in which the heart signals have their maximum.
  • the selection of the narrower frequency range to be evaluated and its width within a total range of approximately 10 to 300 Hz depends on whether the static or dynamic parts of the muscle contractions should be given preference and to what extent the influence of the abdominal muscles (tension during compression) in the result should appear.
  • the frequency range is limited to that of the heart signals by appropriate filter means during signal acquisition, these signals can be used both for determining the labor activity and for evaluating the heart signals.
  • the output of the averaged signals which form a measure of the intrauterine pressure, can advantageously take place in a logarithmic representation, for example via a connected recorder, so that a large amplitude range is recorded.
  • the gain factor and the zero line do not have to be readjusted, so that ease of use is guaranteed.
  • the signal processing can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by means of analog modules such as operational amplifiers. If the device according to the invention is combined with one for determining cardiac activity, the signal processing is advantageously carried out digitally, preferably by means of microprocessors.
  • the device according to the invention exhibits its particular advantages in the event that signals affecting the uterus as well as the fetal (or maternal) cardiac activity are derived simultaneously by means of abdominally attached electrodes or the recorded signals are evaluated in a common device. It is thus possible to obtain extensive data within the scope of perinatal examinations with a single measurement which is not very stressful for the patient, which enables the doctor to quickly obtain an accurate picture of the condition of the fetus and the patient so that he can get the necessary measures can be initiated immediately.
  • the frequency range to be evaluated is selected by choosing a correspondingly large time constant for the averaging so that it covers the range of the frequencies taken up by the heart signals, no further filter means are required to filter the signals for the Detect uterine activity from those for determining heart activity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a representation of the signal recording.
  • Various electrodes 301, 302 and 303 are attached to the body of a patient 304 for recording measured values, whose contractions are to be recorded.
  • the cardiac activity of a fetus 305 is examined at the same time.
  • the signal from the heart 307 of the fetus is superimposed on the signal from the heart 308 of the mother and various interference components in the signal course 306 recorded electromyographically by means of the skin electrodes 301 to 303.
  • the fetal or maternal heart signal is repeatedly identified in the signal course 306 with "f" or "m".
  • the signals representing the contraction are not directly recognizable in the recorded signal and can only be represented as a curve by the device according to the invention.
  • the first embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 enables the determination and recording of uterine activity by the detection and evaluation of muscle contractions in the abdominal area.
  • the input of an amplifier 1, which is shown in circuit terms in detail in FIG. 3, is connected via its inputs 2 to the electrodes, not shown here.
  • the signal from the output 7 of the amplifier 1 is fed to an input 8 of a processing part 3, by means of which the signal components relating to uterine activity are processed such that the signal of the processing part 3 fed to an output 4 represents a measure of the uterine motility.
  • a recording device (not shown) which records the course of the intensity of the labor activity as a function of time, so that the doctor can draw conclusions about the labor activity from the resulting characteristic curve developments, if necessary by comparison with curve developments listed in a directory can pull.
  • the circuit of the processing part 3 is shown in detail in FIG. 4.
  • the signal at the output 7 of the amplifier 1 is branched off to a processing part 5 for heart signals.
  • the fetal electrocardiogram or a signal as a measure of the heart rate are available at the output 6 of the processing part 5 and can, for example, be reproduced in their time-dependent curve profile.
  • the representation of the fetal heart signals can be summarized with that of the uterine activity in a cardiotocogram, which can be represented by a single graphic output device.
  • FIG. 3 shows the complete circuit diagram of the amplifier for the abdominal signal (1 in FIG. 2).
  • the signals from the abdominal electrodes reach a separation amplifier T 1, which serves for the potential separation of the patient and the measuring device.
  • the outputs of the isolation amplifier T 1 are connected to the inputs of a differential amplifier, which consists of an operational amplifier OP 1, which is connected to a number of resistors and capacitors.
  • the resistors R 1 and R 3 or R2 and R 4 each form an input low-pass filter with the capacitors C 2 and C 3, while the resistor-capacitor combinations C 1 / R 5 and C 4 / R 6 and the capacitor C 5 provide a drop in gain towards high frequencies.
  • the subsequent stage which contains the operational amplifier OP 2 is connected in the usual way as a selective filter, the values of the resistors R 7 to R 10 and that of the capacitors C 6 to C 9 being selected in the exemplary embodiment shown so that the circuit is preferred cuts the low frequencies of the abdominal signal.
  • the last stage containing an operational amplifier OP 3 works as a pure AC-coupled amplifier circuit, the gain factor being determined by the ratio of the resistors R 11 and R 13 and the output signal can be zero-balanced via the resistor R 12 by means of a variable resistor R 15.
  • the overall circuit of the amplifier for the abdominal signal brings about a first trimming of the frequencies which interfere with the subsequent signal processing.
  • the first two stages with the operational amplifiers OP 4 and OP 5 perform bandpass filtering of the signal appearing at the input of the processing part 3.
  • the circuitry of the operational amplifiers OP 4 and OP 5 with resistors R 16 to R 26 and capacitors C 12 to C 15 The function corresponds to that of the operational amplifier OP 2 in FIG. 3.
  • the values of the components are measured according to the rules valid for such active filter circuits.
  • the output level and the quality of the filter can be set by means of the variable resistor R 24.
  • the operational amplifiers OP 6 and OP 7 are connected as an integrating 'full-wave rectifier.
  • the output signal is a good approximation of the effective (RMS) value of the action potentials, the circuit used, in contrast to an analog square circuit, being simply constructed and operating reliably.
  • the first stage containing the operational amplifier OP 6 forms a half-wave rectifier, while the second stage with the operational amplifier OP 7 as an integrating adder to the input signal of the preceding stage which appears at its input via the resistor R 26 via the resistor R 30 the rectified half waves from the preceding stage with negative sign added.
  • the rectified signals form a measure of the intensity of the AC voltage components.
  • the rectifier circuit is replaced by a circuit for determining the power of the signals or for forming the effective value.
  • Such circuits are available as finished components in an analog or digital version.
  • the capacitor C 16 and the resistor R 31 give the circuit the low-pass character required for averaging.
  • the value of the time constant is a few seconds and determines on the one hand the reproduction of the temporal course of the uterine activity (a small time constant results in a large temporal resolution, while a larger time constant allows individual contractions to appear more clearly) and on the other hand the frequency range that can be evaluated.
  • a larger time constant selected greater than approximately 10 seconds
  • a stage following the rectifier circuit for digital or analog formation of the root mean square of the signals is inserted at this point.
  • the zero line of the output signal can be set by means of the variable resistor R 37. Otherwise, this stage serves as an amplifier with a gain factor which corresponds to the ratio of the values of the resistors R 35 and R 33.
  • the last stage containing the operational amplifier OP 9 forms a final amplifier for the output signal, the level being adjustable via the resistor R 39.
  • the capacitor C 17 brings about an additional lowering of the upper frequency range, so that a writing device connected to the output of the operational amplifier OP 9 is protected against sudden rashes.
  • EMG represents the portion of the electromyogram characteristic of uterine activity and N (t) represents an additive disturbance portion.
  • the time constant for the temporal averaging is chosen to be sufficiently large, then a frequency separation of signal components characteristic of the uterus and cardiac activity can be dispensed with, since with values of the time constant of more than approximately 10 seconds the cardiac signals when evaluating the uterine activity - as above mentioned-no longer appear disruptive.
  • the bandpass filter shown in the upper part of FIG. 4 can thus be omitted, while a corresponding filter for the frequency range of approximately 15 to 40 Hz, which is originally provided in the processing part 5, is assigned to the amplifier 1, so that only one band filter is required overall is.
  • Point 201 can either form the input of an electrical circuit or accordingly the starting point of a computer program.
  • the subsequent blocks can either form electrical circuit stages or suitable program blocks.
  • the circuit-based interpretation is to be used as a basis.
  • Step 202 includes all the steps that are related to the recording of the electromyographic signal.
  • the myographically recorded signal is freed from interfering signal components in a filter stage 203, the maternal heart signal being eliminated in the subsequent stage 204 by subtraction from the filtered input signal.
  • a signal curve is subtracted, which corresponds to a mean maternal EKG, the maternal EKG being recognized and its course being continuously improved or updated by averaging.
  • the mean maternal ECG is recorded in step 205. Subtraction adjusts the amplitude of the signal to be subtracted to the amplitude of the input signal.
  • the signal thus freed from interfering components serves as an input signal for a signal processing part 3 ', in which the processing of the signals relating to uterine activity is carried out, as described with reference to processing part 3.
  • the band filter assembly is omitted in the processing part 3 ', since the filtering is carried out jointly by the filter 203.
  • a logarithmic or potentiating distortion of the output amplitude values can take place in an evaluation part 209, which are graphically displayed as a function of time using a contraction chart 210.
  • the actual determination of the fetal ECG signal is carried out in a stage 206 following in the other signal path, the occurrence of a fetal heart signal being determined first by a maximum criterion, while then a second criterion for determining the occurrence of a fetal heart signal in accordance with the correspondence between the course of the input signal and the pattern signal stored in its amplitude course, which in turn is continuously adapted to the current signal shape by averaging.
  • the mean value of the fetal ECG (QRS complex) is recorded in step 206, while in step 208 the fetal heart rate is calculated and recorded from the time interval between the fetal heart signals.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is realized with analog components. This version is particularly cheap if it is to be used alone.
  • programs or program parts can be used for the necessary mathematical calculations (averaging, performance, RMS determination, logarithming, power generation) as they are contained, for example, in the program collections available for the corresponding data processing devices or microprocessors (eg LSI 11 or 8080).

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnüng zur Detektion und Registrierung der Uterusaktivität mittels elektrischer Signale wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben ist.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the detection and registration of uterine activity by means of electrical signals as specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Die Überwachung und Auswertung der Uterusaktivität, welche eine Beurteilung der Wehentätigkeit ermöglicht, ist in der perinatalen Medizin wichtig zur Beobachtung des Verlaufs der Schwangerschaft und zur Beurteilung des Zustands des Feten.The monitoring and evaluation of uterine activity, which enables an assessment of labor, is important in perinatal medicine to observe the course of pregnancy and to assess the condition of the fetus.

Zur Ermittlung und Aufzeichnung des intrauterinen Drucks als Maß für die Uterusaktivität in Form des Tokogramms sind bisher im wesentlichen zwei Verfahren, nämlich ein internes und eine externes Verfahren, benutzt worden. Beiden Verfahren ist gemeinsam, daß der uterine Druck mittels Druckaufnehmern am Körper gemessen wird.So far, essentially two methods, namely an internal and an external method, have been used to determine and record the intrauterine pressure as a measure of the uterine activity in the form of the tocogram. It is common to both methods that the uterine pressure is measured on the body by means of pressure sensors.

Bei der internen Tokographie wird zur Druckbestimmung eine mit Flüssigkeit gefüllter sogenannter "Open-End-Katheter" in die Amnionhöhle oder zwischen Fruchtblase und Uteruswand eingeführt. Nachdem eine Nullabgleich durchgeführt wurde, läßt sich mit diesem Verfahren der absolute Druck des Uterus bestimmen.In internal tokenography, a so-called "open-end catheter" filled with liquid is inserted into the amniotic cavity or between the amniotic sac and the uterine wall to determine the pressure. After performing a zero adjustment, this procedure can be used to determine the absolute pressure of the uterus.

Das Verfahren der internen Tokographie wird wegen der schwierigen und nicht risikofreien Handhabung vor vielen Ärzten abgelehnt. Darüber hinaus beweisch die jüngsten Untersuchungen eine Beeinflussung des Geburtsvorgangs durch die Applikation des Katheters, weswegen dieses Verfahren gerade bei drohenden Frühgeburten, bei denen eine Überwachung der Wehentätigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung ist, nicht angewandt werden sollte.The procedure of internal tokenography is rejected by many doctors because of the difficult and not risk-free handling. In addition, the most recent studies have shown that the delivery process is influenced by the application of the catheter, which is why this procedure should not be used in the case of impending premature births, where monitoring of labor is particularly important.

Die externe Tokographie beruht auf einem von Rech schon im Jahre 1934 angegebenen Verfahren. Ein Druckaufnehmer, der normalerweise als Dehnungsmeßstreifen ausgebildet ist, wird mit einem elastischen Gurt auf dem Abdomen der Schwangeren befestigt. Durch die infolge Uteruskontraktionen verursachten Hubänderungen eines Taststiftes, der mechanisch auf den Dehnungsmeßstreifen wirkt, wird ein elektrisches Signal gewonnen, das ein Maß für die Wehentätigkeit darstellt und in seinem zeitlichen Verlauf von dem behandelnden Arzt ausgewertet wird.The external tokenography is based on a method already given by Rech in 1934. A pressure transducer, which is usually designed as a strain gauge, is attached to the abdomen of the pregnant woman with an elastic strap. Due to the stroke changes caused by uterine contractions of a stylus, which acts mechanically on the strain gauges, an electrical signal is obtained that represents a measure of the labor activity and the temporal course of which is evaluated by the attending physician.

Das Verfahren der externen Tokographie weist den Nachteil auf, daß die indirekte Methode der Druckaufnahme zahlreichen Störeinflüssen ausgesetzt ist, welche das Meßergebnis verfälschen. Derartige Störeinflüsse stellen zum Beispiel schon die mit der Atmung einhergehenden Hubänderungen dar. Dem noninvasiven Verfahren liegt die Annahme zugrunde, daß der am Abdomen mittels des Taststiftes festgestellte und registrierte Druck eine hinreichende Näherung des intrauterinen Druckes darstellt. Mit dieser Messung läßt sich jedoch keine ausreichend genaue Information über den Verlauf der Uterusaktivität gewinnen.The method of external tokenography has the disadvantage that the indirect method of taking up pressure is exposed to numerous interferences which falsify the measurement result. Such disturbances already represent, for example, the changes in stroke associated with breathing. The non-invasive method is based on the assumption that the pressure detected and registered on the abdomen by means of the stylus is a sufficient approximation of the intrauterine pressure. With this measurement, however, it is not possible to obtain sufficiently precise information about the course of the uterine activity.

Beide Verfahren weisen damit bei der routinemäßigen klinischen Anwendung erhebliche Nachteile auf, so daß sie nur selten angewendet werden.Both methods therefore have considerable disadvantages in routine clinical use, so that they are rarely used.

Es sind aber auch bereits Versuche unternommen, worden, aus elektrischen Signalen Rückschlüsse auf die Uterusaktivität zu ziehen, So ist aus GYNECOLOGIE ET OBSTETRIQUE, Band 55, Nr. 2, 1956, Seiten 153 bis 175, C. SUREAU, "Etude de l'activitä electrique de t'uterus au cours du travail", bekannt, die elektrische Aktivität des Uterus mittels im abdominalen Bereich extern abgeleiteter Signale zu erfassen (aa0., Seite 156, Abschnitt "Electrodes"). An anderer Stelle wird auch erwähnt, daß bereits durch RC-gekoppelte Verstärker (AC-System) "sehr schnelle" Aktivitäten erfaßt und graphisch dargestellt wurden. Der betroffene Frequenzbereich lag dabei aber in Wirklichkeit sehr niedrig, d.h. zwischen 1/3 und 2 Hz (aa0., Seite 154, Absätze 3 und 4) und die Auswertung der Messungen bei diesen Verfahren ließ eine umkehrbar eindeutige Zuordnung von Meßergebnissen und Uterusaktivität nicht zu.However, attempts have already been made to draw conclusions about uterine activity from electrical signals. For example, GYNECOLOGIE ET OBSTETRIQUE, Volume 55, No. 2, 1956, pages 153 to 175, C. SUREAU, "Etude de l ' activita electrique de t'uterus au cours du travail ", known to detect the electrical activity of the uterus by means of signals derived externally in the abdominal area (aa0., page 156, section" Electrodes "). Elsewhere it is also mentioned that "very fast" activities were already recorded and graphically represented by RC-coupled amplifiers (AC system). The affected frequency range was actually very low, i.e. between 1/3 and 2 Hz (aa0., page 154, paragraphs 3 and 4) and the evaluation of the measurements with these methods did not allow a reversible, clear assignment of measurement results and uterine activity.

Aus OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, Band 37, Nr. 2, Februar 1971, G. WOLFS, M. VAN LEEUWEN, H. ROTTINGHUIS und J. Th. F. BOELES, "An electromyographic study of the human uterus during labor", Seiten 241 bis 246, ist ebenfalls die elektromyographische Erfassung der elektrischen Aktivität des Uterus bekannt. Diese wird allerdings über interne bipolare Elektroden vorgenommen. Auch bei dieser Arbeit wurde festgestellt, daß eine klare Beziehung zwischen der aus häufigen Entladungsfolgen bestehenden elektrischen Aktivität des Uterus und dem Verlauf des intrauterinen Drucks nicht anzunehmen ist (Seite 245, Abschnitt "Discussion"). Das vorgenannte Verfahren hat neben seinen ungesicherten Ergebnissen den Nachteil, daß eine Vielzahl von zu intrauterinen Elektroden führenden elektromyographischen Zuleitungen vorgesehen sein muß, um die einzelnen Aktivitätszentren zu erfassen und mittels einer Aussage über die Reizausbreitung Klarheit über die Aktivität des gesamten Uterus zu gewinnen.From OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, Volume 37, No. 2, February 1971, G. WOLFS, M. VAN LEEUWEN, H. ROTTINGHUIS and J. Th. F. BOELES, "An electromyographic study of the human uterus during labor", pages 241 to 246, the electromyographic detection of the electrical activity of the uterus is also known. However, this is done via internal bipolar electrodes. This study also found that a clear relationship between the electrical activity of the uterus, which consists of frequent discharge sequences, and the course of intrauterine pressure cannot be assumed (page 245, section "Discussion"). In addition to its unsecured results, the aforementioned method has the disadvantage that a large number of electromyographic leads leading to intrauterine electrodes must be provided in order to record the individual activity centers and to obtain clarity about the activity of the entire uterus by means of a statement about the spread of stimuli.

Der in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt dem gegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine die Patientin wenig belästigende Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welche dem Arzt in reproduzierbarer und in für ihn leicht interpretierbarer Weise ein zuverlässiges Ergebnis liefert.In contrast, the object of the invention specified in claim 1 is to provide a device of the type mentioned which does not bother the patient and which provides the doctor with a reliable result in a reproducible and easily interpretable manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Maßnahmen gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the measures according to claim 1.

Die Erfindung geht davon aus, daß auch die intrauterinen Druckänderungen direkt durch Muskelkontraktionen hervorgerufen werden, und die mit diesen Kontraktionen verbundenen elektrischen Felder elektromyographisch an der Hautoberfläche meßbar sind. Ein Maß für die Intensität der Kontraktionen ist hier nicht direkt der gemessene Spannungsverlauf, sondern, wie mit der Erfindung gefunden wurde, ein Mittelwert der impulsförmigen Wechselspannungsanteile der gemessenen Signale in einem ganz bestimmten Frequenzintervall, das gegenüber dem bisher zur elektrischen Messung der Uterusaktivität verwendeten Frequenzintervall nach oben verschoben ist. Unter Intensität wird dabei ein Wert verstanden, der für den Betrag der Amplitude des Wechselspannungsanteils repräsentativ ist und beispielsweise durch Gleichrichtung des Wechselspannungsanteils bzw. Quadrierung im Sinne einer Leistungsermittlung gewonnen werden kann. Das augegebene Signal verläuft damit im wesentlichen mindestens ähnlich wie eine Einhüllende des elektro-myographisch erfaßten Signals.The invention is based on the fact that the intrauterine pressure changes are also caused directly by muscle contractions, and the electrical fields associated with these contractions can be measured electromyographically on the surface of the skin. A measure of the intensity of the contractions is not directly the measured voltage curve, but, as was found with the invention, an average of the pulse-shaped AC voltage components of the measured signals in a very specific frequency interval, which is compared to the frequency interval previously used for electrical measurement of uterine activity is shifted above. Intensity is understood to mean a value that is representative of the magnitude of the amplitude of the alternating voltage component and can be obtained, for example, by rectifying the alternating voltage component or squaring in the sense of a power determination. The output signal thus runs essentially at least similar to an envelope of the electro-myographically recorded signal.

Es ist damit erstmals eine Möglichkeit gegeben, den relativen uterinen Druck als Maß für die Uterusaktivität rein äußerlich zuverlässig, mit einem Verfahren zu messen, das das Wohlbefinden der Patientin nicht beeinträchtigt. Da das mittels Elektroden abgenommene Signal elektrischer Natur ist, ist eine Verstärkung und Weiterverarbeitung mit einer anschließenden graphischen Darstellung des zeitlichen Signalverlaufs ohne Schwierigkeiten möglich. insbesondere ein Quadrieren läßt sich mit schaltungstechnischen Mitteln-vorzugsweise wenn eine näherungsweise Ermittlung ausreichend ist-in einfacher Weise ausführen.For the first time, there is a possibility to measure the relative uterine pressure as a measure of the uterine activity in a purely external manner, using a method that does not impair the patient's well-being. Since the signal picked up by means of electrodes is electrical in nature, amplification and further processing with a subsequent graphical representation of the temporal signal course is possible without difficulty. In particular, squaring can be carried out in a simple manner using circuitry means, preferably if an approximate determination is sufficient.

Es ist zwar aus der Entgegenhaltung "MEDI-CAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING", Band 10, Nr. 4, Juli 1972, Seite 559, zur Anwendung für elektromyographische Signale, die Informationen über das physiologische Verhalten der unter der Hautoberfläche liegenden Muskulatur geben sollen, eine Anordnung bekannt, die zum Teil mit derjenigen übereinstimmt, wie sie erfindungsgemäß zur Ermittlung der Uterusaktivität herangezogen werden soll. Die dabei benutzte bekannte Bezeihnung zwischen der Muskelspannung und dem Elektromyogramm, die von Lippold im Jahre 1952 aufgestellt wurde, bezeiht sich aber ausschließlich auf quergestreifte Muskulatur, wie sie zum Antrieb von Gliedmaßen unter der Hautoberfläche angeordnet ist. Die angegebene lineare Beziehung ist dabei lediglich für den Fall der sogenannten isometrischen kontraktion zutreffend.It is indeed from the document "MEDI-CAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING", Volume 10, No. 4, July 1972, page 559, for use for electromyographic signals which are intended to provide information about the physiological behavior of the muscles located under the skin surface Arrangement known, which partially corresponds to that as it is to be used according to the invention for determining the uterine activity. The well-known relationship between the muscle tension and the electromyogram used by Lippold in 1952, however, refers only to striated muscles, which are arranged to drive limbs under the surface of the skin. The specified linear relationship is only applicable in the case of so-called isometric contraction.

Demgegenüber handelt es sich bei der Wehenmessung um die Auswertung der Aktionspotentiale glatter Muskulatur, die von gänzlich anderer Art sind. Quergestreifte und glatte Muskulatur unterscheiden sich dabei nicht nur in ihrem Aufbau, sondern auch in ihrem Reizausbreitungs- und Signalverhalten. Während quergestreifte Muskulatur durch nervale Impulse insgesamt erregt wird, weist die Uterusmuskulatur autonome Erregungsbildung und myogene Erregungsleitung auf, die nicht den gesamten Muskel gleichzeitig aktiviert. Unterschiedliche Muskelbereiche können dabei verschiedene Erregungszustände aufweisen.In contrast, labor contraction is an evaluation of the action potentials of smooth muscles, which are of a completely different kind. Striated and smooth muscles differ not only in their structure, but also in their stimulus propagation and signal behavior. While striated muscles are excited as a whole by nerve impulses, the uterine muscles show autonomous arousal and myogenic conduction, which does not activate the entire muscle at the same time. Different muscle areas can have different arousal states.

Ein weiterer fundamentaler Unterschied besteht darin, daß bei der vorgenannten bekannten Bezeihung eine mechanische Muskelspannung zugrundegelegt wird, die räumlich gleichgerichtet verläuft. Bei der Erfindung bildet das ausgegebene Signal jedoch kein Maß für eine aufgrund eindimensional gerichteter Kräfte ermittelte Größe, sondern stellt mit dem intrauterinen Druck eine Bezeihung zu einer Erscheinung her, der ein dreidimensionaler mechanischer Spannungszustand mit in allen Raumrichtungen wirkenden Muskelkräften zugrundeliegt.Another fundamental difference is that the known relationship referred to above is based on mechanical muscle tension that is spatially rectified. In the case of the invention, however, the output signal does not form a measure of a size determined on the basis of one-dimensionally directed forces, but instead uses the intrauterine pressure to establish a relationship to a phenomenon which is based on a three-dimensional mechanical state of tension with muscle forces acting in all spatial directions.

Wegen der andersartigen Voraussetzungen und der mit den bisherigen Apparaturen erhaltenen, grundsätzlich verschiedenen Signale, die ihre Amplitudenmaxima in einem sehr niedrigen Frequenzbereich (unterhalb von 2 Hz) haben, wurden Versuche zur externen Erfassung der Uterusaktivität mit Anordnungen, wie sie zur elektromyographischen Erfassung der von quergestreifter Muskulatur ausgehenden Signale benutzt wurden, vor der Erfindung für aussichtslos gehalten. Mit der Erfindung ist vielmehr eine Korrektur des bis dahin gültigen Modells der elektrischen Uterusaktivität verbunden.Because of the different requirements and the fundamentally different signals obtained with the previous devices, which have their amplitude maxima in a very low frequency range (below 2 Hz), attempts have been made to externally detect uterine activity using arrangements such as those used for the electromyographic detection of striated ones Muscle outgoing signals were used before the invention considered hopeless. Rather, the invention is associated with a correction of the model of electrical uterine activity that was valid until then.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist bei einem auf der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung basierenden medizinischen Untersuchungsgerät, daß es sich wegen seiner einfachen Bedienbarkeit und sicheren Erfassung der zu emittelnden Signale insbesondere für Routineuntersuchungen eignet, so daß sich nicht nur im klinischen Bereich ein weites Anwendungsfeld ergibt. Da das Meßergebnis mit dem der herkömmlichen mechanisch arbeitenden Tokographen vergleichbar ist, ergeben sich bezüglich der Interpretation der Ergebnisse für den behandelnden Arzt keinerlei Schwierigkeiten. Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin, daß in dem abdominal abgeleiteten Elektromyogramm die maternellen und fetalen Herzsignale zwar als Störsignale enthalten sind, diese aber gegebenenfalls ausgefiltert und getrennt ausgewertet werden können.It is particularly advantageous in the case of a medical examination device based on the device according to the invention that, owing to its simple operability and reliable detection of the signals to be emitted, it is particularly suitable for routine examinations, so that there is a wide field of application not only in the clinical field. Since the measurement result is comparable to that of the conventional mechanically working tocopograph, there are no difficulties for the treating doctor in interpreting the results. It is also advantageous that the maternal and fetal heart signals are contained in the abdominally derived electromyogram as interference signals, but these can, if necessary, be filtered out and evaluated separately.

Außerdem ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung günstig, daß die in der Messung enthaltenen und so dem Arzt zugänglichen Informationen umfangreicher sind als es bei der Verwendung von Druckaufnehmern der Fall ist. Da die Befestigung von Hautelektroden wesentlich einfacher vorzunehmen ist als die Anbringung von mechanischen Druckaufnehmern, wird die Ermittlung der Uterustätigkeit für den Arzt wesentlich erleichtert. Mit der Verringerung der pro Patientin aufzuwendenden Untersuchungszeit ist auch eine Senkung der Behandlungskosten verbunden.In addition, it is favorable in the device according to the invention that the information contained in the measurement and thus accessible to the doctor is more extensive than is the case when pressure sensors are used. Since the attachment of skin electrodes is much easier to carry out than the attachment of mechanical pressure transducers, the determination of uterine activity is made considerably easier for the doctor. The reduction in the examination time to be spent per patient is also associated with a reduction in treatment costs.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es möglich, durch entsprechende Plazierung der Elektroden die Aktivität des gesamten Uterus sowie der Bauchmuskulatur zu erfassen. Aus der Form der emittelten und dargestellten Wehenkurven lassen sich Rückschlüsse auf die Erregung und Ausbreitung der Kontraktionen ziehen. Auf diese Weise kann der Arzt auch frühzeitig Motilitätsstörungen, wie beispielsweise Inkoordination, erkennen.In the device according to the invention it is possible to record the activity of the entire uterus and the abdominal muscles by placing the electrodes accordingly. The shape of the averaged and displayed contractions can be used to draw conclusions about the excitation and spread of contractions. In this way, the doctor can also recognize motility disorders, such as incoordination, at an early stage.

Die Auswertung der Myosignale kann in vorteilhafter Weise durch Verwendung eines entsprechenden Bandfilters in einem Frequenzbereich von ca. 150 bis 250 Hz vorgenommen werden. Dabei ist es günstig, daß die bei der Erfassung der Uterusmotilität störenden Signalanteile von fetalem und maternellem Elekrokardiogramm in diesem Frequenzbereich amplitudemäßig kleiner sind als die auszuwertenden Myopotentiale und daher das Ergebnis nur wenig beeinflussen.The evaluation of the myo signals can be carried out in an advantageous manner by using an appropriate bandpass filter in a frequency range of approximately 150 to 250 Hz. It is favorable that the signal components of the fetal and maternal electrocardiogram that are disturbing when the uterine motility is detected are smaller in amplitude in this frequency range than the myopotentials to be evaluated and therefore have little influence on the result.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit bei der Ermittlung der Uterustätigkeit störende Signale in ihrer Auswirkung zu vermindern besteht darin, die bei der Mittelwertbildung (durch Tiefpaßfilterung) des gleicherichteten oder quadrierten Signals benutzte Zeitkonstante hinreichend groß zu wählen. In diesem Fall kann (bei einer Zeitkonstante von mehreren Sekunden) sogar derjenige Frequenzbereich des myographisch aufgenommenen Signals von ungefähr 15 bis 40 Hz herangezogen werden, in dem die Herzsignale ihr Maximum haben. Die Auswahl des auszuwertenden engeren Frequenzbereiches und dessen Breite innerhalb eines Gesamtbereiches von ungefähr 10 bis 300 Hz hängt davon ab, ob die statischen oder dynamischen Anteile der Muskelkontraktionen bevorzugt ausgegeben werden sollen und in welchem Umfang der Einfluß der Bauchmuskulatur (Anspannung'bei Preßwehen) im Ergebnis erscheinen soll.Another possibility in determining the uterine activity of reducing the effect of interfering signals is to select a sufficiently large time constant used for averaging (by low-pass filtering) the rectified or squared signal. In this case (with a time constant of several seconds) even that frequency range of the myographically recorded signal of approximately 15 to 40 Hz can be used in which the heart signals have their maximum. The selection of the narrower frequency range to be evaluated and its width within a total range of approximately 10 to 300 Hz depends on whether the static or dynamic parts of the muscle contractions should be given preference and to what extent the influence of the abdominal muscles (tension during compression) in the result should appear.

Wird bei der Signalaufnahme durch entsprechende Filtermittel der Frequenzbereich auf denjenigen der Herzsignale begrenzt, so können diese Signale sowohl zur Emittlung der Wehentätigkiet als auch zur Auswertung der Herzsignale verwendent werden.If the frequency range is limited to that of the heart signals by appropriate filter means during signal acquisition, these signals can be used both for determining the labor activity and for evaluating the heart signals.

Die Ausgabe der gemittelten Signale, die ein Maß für den intrauterinen Druck bilden, kann in vorteilhafter Weise, beisielsweise über einen angeschlossenen Schreiber, in logarithmischer Darstellung erfolgen, so daß ein großer Amplitudenbereich erfaßt wird. Der Verstärkungsfaktor und die Nullinie müssen dabei nicht nachjustiert werden, so daß eine einfache Bedienbarkeit gewährleistet ist.The output of the averaged signals, which form a measure of the intrauterine pressure, can advantageously take place in a logarithmic representation, for example via a connected recorder, so that a large amplitude range is recorded. The gain factor and the zero line do not have to be readjusted, so that ease of use is guaranteed.

Wird das gemittelte Signal potenziert, so werden die Maxima der Wehenkurven besonders deutlich sichtbar.If the averaged signal is potentiated, the maxima of the contractions are particularly clearly visible.

Die Signalverarbeitung kann in besonders einfacher Weise mittels analog abeitender Baugruppen wie Operationsverstärkern erfolgen. Wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer solchen zur Ermittlung der Herztätigkeit zusammengefaßt, so wird die Signalverarbeitung günstigerweise digital, vorzugsweise mittels Mikroprozessoren, vorgenommen.The signal processing can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by means of analog modules such as operational amplifiers. If the device according to the invention is combined with one for determining cardiac activity, the signal processing is advantageously carried out digitally, preferably by means of microprocessors.

Ihre besonderen Vorzüge entfaltet die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in dem Fall, daß mittels abdominal angebrachter Elektroden gleichzeitig sowohl die Uterus- als auch die fetale (bzw. die maternelle) Herztätigkeit betreffende Signale abgeleitet werden bzw. die aufgenommenen Signale in einem gemeinsamen Gerät ausgewertet werden. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen perinataler Untersuchungen mit einer einzigen, die Patientin wenig belastenden Messung umfangreiche Daten zu gewinnen, welche den Arzt in die Lage versetzen, schnell ein genaues Bild über den Zustand des Feten und der Patientin zu gewinnen, so daß er die erforderlichen Maßnahmen unverzüglicheinleiten kann.The device according to the invention exhibits its particular advantages in the event that signals affecting the uterus as well as the fetal (or maternal) cardiac activity are derived simultaneously by means of abdominally attached electrodes or the recorded signals are evaluated in a common device. It is thus possible to obtain extensive data within the scope of perinatal examinations with a single measurement which is not very stressful for the patient, which enables the doctor to quickly obtain an accurate picture of the condition of the fetus and the patient so that he can get the necessary measures can be initiated immediately.

Wird dabei der auszuwertende Frequenzbereich, wie oben dargestellt, unter Wahl einer entsprechend großen Zeitkonstanten für die Mittelung so gelegt, daß er den Bereich der von den Herzsignalen eingenommen Frequenzen (mit-) umfaßt, so sind keine weiteren Filtermittel erforderlich, um die Signale für die Ermittlung der Uterustätigkeit von denen für die Ermittlung der Herztätigkeit zu trennen.If the frequency range to be evaluated, as shown above, is selected by choosing a correspondingly large time constant for the averaging so that it covers the range of the frequencies taken up by the heart signals, no further filter means are required to filter the signals for the Detect uterine activity from those for determining heart activity.

Wenn Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die Signalauswertung beeinträchtigende wiederkehrende Störsignale nach einem ersten Kriterium zu erkennen, in ihrem Amplitudenverlauf in einem Speicher festzuhalten und, wenn das Auftreten eines Störsignals im Eingangssignal entdeckt ist, von diesem amplitudenmäßig phasenrichtig zu subtrahieren, so ist damit die Möglichkeit gegeben, die Auswertung beeinträchtigende Signalanteile, wie den maternellen QRS-Komplex, sowohl hinsichtlich der die Uterus-, als auch hinsichtlich der die Herztätigkeit betreffenden Signale durch gemeinsame Mittel zu beseitigen. Die weitere Auswertung erfolgt dabei für Herzsignale zweckmäßigerweise, wie es in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 27 16 739.1 beschrieben ist. Werden dabei ein oder mehrere Mikroprozessoren verwendet, so können diese mittels einer geeigneten Programmierung für die notwendigen mathematischen Operationnen zür Ausgabe der die Uterustätigkeit betreffenden Signale mitbenutzt werden.If means are provided for recognizing recurring interference signals impairing the signal evaluation according to a first criterion, recording their amplitude profile in a memory and, if the occurrence of an interference signal in the input signal is detected, subtracting it in terms of the correct amplitude, this is possible to eliminate signal components impairing the evaluation, such as the maternal QRS complex, both with regard to the signals relating to the uterus and with regard to the cardiac activity by common means. The further evaluation is expediently carried out for cardiac signals, as described in German patent application P 27 16 739.1. If one or more microprocessors are used, they can be used by means of suitable programming for the necessary mathematical operations for outputting the signals relating to uterine activity.

Günstige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Zwei bevorzugte Ausführungs former der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Darstellung der Signalaufnahme,
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild einjr ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der gleichzeitig Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die fetale bzw. maternelle Herztätigkeit zu ermitteln,
  • Fig. 3 ein Schaltbild eines Verstärkers für das elektromyographisch aufgenommene abdominale Signal als Darstellung eines Details der in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellten Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 4 ein Schaltbild des Verarbeitungsteils für das Elektromyogramm, ebenfalls als Detaildarstellung eines Blocks der schematischen Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2 sowie
  • Fig. 5 ein Blockschaltbild einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 2, mit Mitteln zur Befreiung der zu verarbeitenden Signale von stören den maternellen Herzsignalen (QRS-Komplexen).
Favorable developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. Two preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it:
  • 1 is a representation of the signal recording,
  • 2 shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which means are simultaneously provided to determine the fetal or maternal cardiac activity,
  • Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an amplifier for the electromyographically recorded abdominal signal as a representation of a detail of the 2 schematically shown device,
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of the processing part for the electromyogram, likewise as a detailed illustration of a block of the schematic illustration according to FIG. 2 and
  • 5 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2, with means for freeing the signals to be processed from disturbing the maternal heart signals (QRS complexes).

In Fig. 1 ist eine Darstellung der Signalaufnahme wiedergegeben. Verschiedene Elektroden 301, 302 und 303 sind zur Meßwertaufnahme am Körper einer Patientin 304 angebracht, deren Wehentätigkeit erfaßt werden soll. Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird dabei gleichzeitig die Herztätigkeit eines Feten 305 untersucht. In dem mittels der Haut-Elektroden 301 bis 303 elektromyographisch aufgenommenen Signalverlauf 306 ist das Signal vom Herzen 307 des Feten vom Signal des Herzens 308 der Mutter sowie verschiedenen Störanteilen überlagert. Das fetale bzw. das maternelle Herzsignal ist im Signalverlauf 306 mehrfach mit "f" bzw. "m" gekennzeichnet. Die die Wehentätigkeit repräsentierenden Signale sind im aufgenommenen Signal nicht direkt erkennbar und werden erst durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als Kurvenverlauf darstellbar.1 shows a representation of the signal recording. Various electrodes 301, 302 and 303 are attached to the body of a patient 304 for recording measured values, whose contractions are to be recorded. In a further development of the invention, the cardiac activity of a fetus 305 is examined at the same time. The signal from the heart 307 of the fetus is superimposed on the signal from the heart 308 of the mother and various interference components in the signal course 306 recorded electromyographically by means of the skin electrodes 301 to 303. The fetal or maternal heart signal is repeatedly identified in the signal course 306 with "f" or "m". The signals representing the contraction are not directly recognizable in the recorded signal and can only be represented as a curve by the device according to the invention.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ermöglicht die Ermittlung und Aufzeichnung der Uterusaktivität durch die Erkennung und Auswertung von Muskelkontraktionen im Abdominalbereich. Der Eingang eines Verstärkers 1, der im einzelnen in Fig. 3 schaltungsmäßig dargestellt ist, ist über seine Eingänge 2 mit den hier nicht dargestellten Elektroden verbunden.The first embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 enables the determination and recording of uterine activity by the detection and evaluation of muscle contractions in the abdominal area. The input of an amplifier 1, which is shown in circuit terms in detail in FIG. 3, is connected via its inputs 2 to the electrodes, not shown here.

Das Signal vom Ausgang 7 des Verstärkers 1 wird einem Eingang 8 eines Verarbeitungsteils 3 zugeleitet, mittels dessen die die Uterustätigkeit betreffenden Signalanteile so aufbereitet werden, daß das einem Ausgang 4 zugeleitete Signal des Verarbeitungsteils 3 ein Maß für die Uterusmotilität darstellt. Mit dem Ausgang 4 ist ein nicht dargestelltes Registriergerät verbunden, welches den Verlauf der Intensität der Wehentätigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit aufzeichnet, so daß der Arzt aus den sich ergebenden charakteristischen Kurvenverläufen, gegebenenfalls durch Vergleich mit in einem Verzeichnis aufgeführten Kurvenverläufen, Rückschlüsse auf die Wehentätigkeit ziehen kann. Die Schaltung des Verarbeitungsteils 3 ist im einzelnen in Fig. 4 dargestellt.The signal from the output 7 of the amplifier 1 is fed to an input 8 of a processing part 3, by means of which the signal components relating to uterine activity are processed such that the signal of the processing part 3 fed to an output 4 represents a measure of the uterine motility. Connected to the output 4 is a recording device (not shown) which records the course of the intensity of the labor activity as a function of time, so that the doctor can draw conclusions about the labor activity from the resulting characteristic curve developments, if necessary by comparison with curve developments listed in a directory can pull. The circuit of the processing part 3 is shown in detail in FIG. 4.

Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die Möglichkeit vorgesehen aus dem mittels einer einzigen Elektroden-Anordnung aufgenommenen Signalverlauf gleichzeitig Aufschluß über die Herztätigkeit zu gewinnen. Das Signal am Ausgang 7 des Verstärkers 1 wird dazu zu einem Verarbeitungsteil 5 für Herzsignale abgezweigt. (Die Möglichkeiten zur Trennung der beiden Signale werden dabei weiter unten näher erläutert.) Am Ausgang 6 des Verarbeitungsteils 5 stehen das fetale Elektrokardiogramm oder ein Signal als Maß für die Herzfrequenz zur Verfügung und können beispeilsweise in ihrem zeitabhängigen Kurvenverlauf wiedergegeben werden. Die Darstellung der fetalen Herzsignale läßt sich mit derjenigen der Uterustätigkeit in einem Kardiotokogramm zusammenfassen, welches von einem einzigen graphischen Ausgabegerät dargestellt werden kann.In the illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is possible to obtain information about cardiac activity from the signal curve recorded by means of a single electrode arrangement. For this purpose, the signal at the output 7 of the amplifier 1 is branched off to a processing part 5 for heart signals. (The options for separating the two signals are explained in more detail below.) The fetal electrocardiogram or a signal as a measure of the heart rate are available at the output 6 of the processing part 5 and can, for example, be reproduced in their time-dependent curve profile. The representation of the fetal heart signals can be summarized with that of the uterine activity in a cardiotocogram, which can be represented by a single graphic output device.

In Fig. 3 ist das vollständige Schaltbild des Verstärkers für das abdominale Signal (1 in Fig. 2) wiedergegeben. Über den Eingang 2 gelangen die Signale von den Abdominalelektroden zu einem Trennverstärker T 1, welcher zur Potentialtrennung von Patientin und Meßgerät dient. Die Ausgänge des Trennverstärkers T 1 sind mit den Eingängen eines Differenzverstärkers verbunden, welcher aus einem Operationsverstärker OP 1 besteht, der mit einer Anzahl von Widerständen und Kondensatoren beschaltet ist. Die Widerstände R 1 und R 3 bzw. R2 und R 4 bilden mit den Kondensatoren C 2 bzw. C 3 jeweils einen EingangsTiefpaß, während die Widerstands-Kondensator-Kombinationen C 1/R 5 und C 4/R 6 sowie der Kondensator C 5 für einen Verstärkungsabfall zu hohen Frequenzen hin sorgen. Die nachfolgende Stufe, welche den Operationsverstärker OP 2 enthält, ist in üblicher Weise als selektives Filter geschaltet, wobei im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Werte der Widerstände R 7 bis R 10 und die der Kondensatoren C 6 bis C 9 so gewählt sind, daß die Schaltung vorzugsweise die tiefen Frequenzen des abdominalen Signals beschneidet. Die letzte einen Operationsverstärker OP 3 enthaltende Stufe arbeitet als reine wechselspannungsgekoppelte Verstärkerschaltung, wobei der Verstärkungsfaktor durch das Verhältnis der Widerstände R 11 und R 13 bestimmt wird und ein Nullabgleich des Ausgangssignals über den Widerstand R 12 mittels eines veränderlichen Widerstands R 15 erfolgen kann. Die Gesamtschaltung des Verstärkers für das abdominale Signal bewirkt eine erste Beschneidung der bei der nachfolgenden Signalverarbeitung störenden Frequenzen.3 shows the complete circuit diagram of the amplifier for the abdominal signal (1 in FIG. 2). Via the input 2, the signals from the abdominal electrodes reach a separation amplifier T 1, which serves for the potential separation of the patient and the measuring device. The outputs of the isolation amplifier T 1 are connected to the inputs of a differential amplifier, which consists of an operational amplifier OP 1, which is connected to a number of resistors and capacitors. The resistors R 1 and R 3 or R2 and R 4 each form an input low-pass filter with the capacitors C 2 and C 3, while the resistor-capacitor combinations C 1 / R 5 and C 4 / R 6 and the capacitor C 5 provide a drop in gain towards high frequencies. The subsequent stage, which contains the operational amplifier OP 2, is connected in the usual way as a selective filter, the values of the resistors R 7 to R 10 and that of the capacitors C 6 to C 9 being selected in the exemplary embodiment shown so that the circuit is preferred cuts the low frequencies of the abdominal signal. The last stage containing an operational amplifier OP 3 works as a pure AC-coupled amplifier circuit, the gain factor being determined by the ratio of the resistors R 11 and R 13 and the output signal can be zero-balanced via the resistor R 12 by means of a variable resistor R 15. The overall circuit of the amplifier for the abdominal signal brings about a first trimming of the frequencies which interfere with the subsequent signal processing.

In Fig. 4 ist die Schaltung des Verarbeitungsteils für das Elektromyogramm (3 in Fig. 2) dargestellt. Durch die beiden ersten Stufen mit den Operationsverstärkern OP 4 und OP 5 wird eine Bandpaßfilterung des am Eingang des Verarbeitungsteils 3 erscheinenden Signals vorgenommen. Das Bandpaßfilter weist die Frequenzgrenzen fu=150 Hz und fo=250 Hz auf, da in diesem Frequenzbereich die leistung der uterinen Aktionspotentiale diejenige der Störanteile übertrifft. Die Beschaltung der Operationsverstärker OP 4 und OP 5 mit Widerständen R 16 bis R 26 und Kondensatoren C 12 bis C 15 entspricht in der Funktion derjenigen des Operationsverstärkers OP 2 in Fig. 3. Die Bemessung der werte der Bauelemente erfolgt nach den für derartige aktive Filterschaltungen gültigen Regeln. Eine Einstellung des Ausgangspegels und der Güte des Filters läßt sich mittels des veränderlichen Widerstands R 24 vornehmen.4 shows the circuit of the processing part for the electromyogram (3 in FIG. 2). The first two stages with the operational amplifiers OP 4 and OP 5 perform bandpass filtering of the signal appearing at the input of the processing part 3. The bandpass filter has the frequency limits f u = 150 Hz and fo = 250 Hz, since in this frequency range the performance of the uterine action potentials exceeds that of the interference components. The circuitry of the operational amplifiers OP 4 and OP 5 with resistors R 16 to R 26 and capacitors C 12 to C 15 The function corresponds to that of the operational amplifier OP 2 in FIG. 3. The values of the components are measured according to the rules valid for such active filter circuits. The output level and the quality of the filter can be set by means of the variable resistor R 24.

Die Operationsverstärker OP 6 und OP 7 sind als integrierender' Vollweg-Gleichrichter geschaltet. Das Aus-gangssignal stellt eine gute Näherung für den Effektiv-(RMS-)Wert der Aktionspotentiale dar, wobei die verwendete Schaltung im Gegensatz zu einer analogen Quadrierschaltung einfach aufgebaut ist und betriebssicher arbeitet. Die erste, den Operationsverstärker OP 6 enthaltende Stufe bildet einen Halbwellengleichrichter, während die zweite Stufe mit dem Operationsverstärker OP 7 als integrierender Addierer zu dem über den Widerstand R 26 an seinem Eingang erscheinenden Eingangssignal der vorangehenden Stufe über den Widerstand R 30 die gleichgerichteten Halbwellen aus der vorangehenden Stufe mit negativem Vorzeichen addiert. Bei dieser einfach gehaltenen Ausführungsform bilden die gleichgerichteten Signale ein Maß für die Intensität der Wechselspannungsanteile. Bei anderen Ausführungen wird die Gleichrichterschaltung durch eine Schaltung zur Ermittlung der Leistung der Signale bzw. zur Bildung des Effektivwerts ersetzt. Derartige Schaltungen stehen in analoger bzw. digitaler Ausführung als fertige Komponenten zur Verfügung. Der Kondensator C 16 und der Widerstand R 31 geben der Schaltung den zur Mittelwerbildung erforderlichen Tiefpaßcharakter.The operational amplifiers OP 6 and OP 7 are connected as an integrating 'full-wave rectifier. The output signal is a good approximation of the effective (RMS) value of the action potentials, the circuit used, in contrast to an analog square circuit, being simply constructed and operating reliably. The first stage containing the operational amplifier OP 6 forms a half-wave rectifier, while the second stage with the operational amplifier OP 7 as an integrating adder to the input signal of the preceding stage which appears at its input via the resistor R 26 via the resistor R 30 the rectified half waves from the preceding stage with negative sign added. In this simple embodiment, the rectified signals form a measure of the intensity of the AC voltage components. In other embodiments, the rectifier circuit is replaced by a circuit for determining the power of the signals or for forming the effective value. Such circuits are available as finished components in an analog or digital version. The capacitor C 16 and the resistor R 31 give the circuit the low-pass character required for averaging.

Der Wert der Zeitkonstanten beträgt einige Sekunden und bestimmt einerseits die Wiedergabe des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Uterusaktivitäten (eine kleine Zeitkonstante ergibt dabei eine große zeitliche Auflösung, während eine größer gewählte Zeitkonstante einzelne Wehen deutlicher hervortreten läßt) und andererseits den dabei auswertbaren Frequenzbereich. Mit einer größer gewählten Zeitkonstanten (größer als ungefähr 10 Sekunden) ergibt sich die vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, auch oder ausschließlich diejenigen Frequenzbereich für die Ermittlung der Uterustätigkeit auszunutzen, welche von den Herzsignalen überlagert sind. Damit ist eine konstruktiv besonders einfache Ausführungsform möglich, bei der auf getrennte Filtermittel zum Beseitigen des bei der Uterusaktivität störenden maternellen Herzsignals verzichtet werden kann. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist an dieser Stelle eine auf die Gleichrichterschaltung folgende Stufe zur digitalen bzw. analogen Bildung des quadratischen Mittelwerts der Signale eingefügt.The value of the time constant is a few seconds and determines on the one hand the reproduction of the temporal course of the uterine activity (a small time constant results in a large temporal resolution, while a larger time constant allows individual contractions to appear more clearly) and on the other hand the frequency range that can be evaluated. With a larger time constant selected (greater than approximately 10 seconds), there is the advantageous possibility of also or exclusively using those frequency ranges for the determination of the uterine activity which are overlaid by the heart signals. This makes a structurally particularly simple embodiment possible, in which separate filtering means for eliminating the maternal heart signal which interferes with uterine activity can be dispensed with. In another embodiment of the invention, a stage following the rectifier circuit for digital or analog formation of the root mean square of the signals is inserted at this point.

Mit der nachfolgenden, den Operationsverstärker OP 8 enthaltenden Stufe läßt sich mittels des veränderlichen Widerstandes R 37 die Nullinie des Ausgangssignals einstellen. Im übrigen dient diese Stufe als Verstärker mit einem Verstärkungsfaktor, der dem Verhältnis der Werte der Widerstände R 35 und R 33 entspricht. Die letzte, den Operationsverstärker OP 9 enthaltenden Stufe bildet einen Endverstärker für das Ausgangssignals, wobei der Pegel über den Widerstand R 39 einstellbar ist. Der Kondensator C 17 bewirkt eine zusätzliche Absenkung des oberen Frequenzbereiches, so daß eine an den Ausgang des Operationsverstärkers OP 9 angeschlossene Schreibvorrichtung vor stoßartigen Ausschlägen geschützt ist.With the subsequent stage containing the operational amplifier OP 8, the zero line of the output signal can be set by means of the variable resistor R 37. Otherwise, this stage serves as an amplifier with a gain factor which corresponds to the ratio of the values of the resistors R 35 and R 33. The last stage containing the operational amplifier OP 9 forms a final amplifier for the output signal, the level being adjustable via the resistor R 39. The capacitor C 17 brings about an additional lowering of the upper frequency range, so that a writing device connected to the output of the operational amplifier OP 9 is protected against sudden rashes.

Bei der im Vorangehenden dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird in vorteilhafter Weise von der Tatsache Gebrauch gemacht, daß ein begrenztes Frequenzband wesentliche für die Uterusmotilität charakteristische Signale enthält. Dadurch ist es einerseits möglich, eine einfach und sicher arbeitende Vorrichtung zur Detektion dieser Signale zu schaffen, welche die Nutzsignale unter Benutzung unkomplizierter Mittel, wie Frequenzfilter, von den Störsignalen trennt. Dabei kann vorher gegebenenfalls auch eine Abtrennung der separat auszuwertenden fetalen und maternellen Herzsignale vorgenommen werden, wie es schematisch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, wobei der für die Herztätigkeit charakteristische Frequenzbereich ungefähr zwischen 15 und 40 Hz liegt. Das gesamte von den Elektroden aufgenommene Signal S(t) setzt sich zusammen gemäß .

Figure imgb0001
wobei

  • D(t) einen multiplikativen Verzerrungsfaktor,
  • Ef(t) das fetale Herzsignal,
  • Em(t) das maternelle Herzsignal,
In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in the foregoing, use is advantageously made of the fact that a limited frequency band contains signals which are essential for uterine motility. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to create a simple and reliable device for detecting these signals, which separates the useful signals from the interference signals using uncomplicated means, such as frequency filters. In this case, the fetal and maternal heart signals to be evaluated separately can also be separated beforehand, as is shown schematically in FIG. 2, the frequency range characteristic of cardiac activity being approximately between 15 and 40 Hz. The entire signal S (t) picked up by the electrodes is composed in accordance with.
Figure imgb0001
in which
  • D (t) a multiplicative distortion factor,
  • E f (t) the fetal heart signal,
  • E m (t) the maternal heart signal,

EMG den für die Uterustätigkeit charakteristischen Anteil des Elektromyogramms und N(t) einen additiven Störanteil darstellt.EMG represents the portion of the electromyogram characteristic of uterine activity and N (t) represents an additive disturbance portion.

Der Einfluß von D(t) ist sehr gering und kann ohne Nachteil für das Meßergebnis vernachlässigt werden.The influence of D (t) is very small and can be neglected for the measurement result without disadvantage.

Wird die Zeitkonstante für die zeitliche Mittelung ausreichend groß gewählt, so kann auf eine frequenzmäßige Trennung von für die Uterus- und die Herztätigkeit charakteristischen Signalanteilen verzichtet werden, da bei Werten der Zeitkonstanten von über ungefähr 10 Sekunden die Herzsignale bei der Auswertung der Uterusaktivität-wie oben erwähnt-nicht mehr störend in Erscheinung treten. Das im oberen Teil der Fig. 4 dargestellte Bandpaßfilter kann damit entfallen, während ein entsprechendes Filter für den Frequenzbereich von ungefähr 15 bis 40 Hz, das ursprünglich im Verarbeitungsteil 5 vorgesehen ist, dem Verstärker 1 zugeordnet wird, so daß damit insgesamt nur ein Bandfilter erforderlich ist.If the time constant for the temporal averaging is chosen to be sufficiently large, then a frequency separation of signal components characteristic of the uterus and cardiac activity can be dispensed with, since with values of the time constant of more than approximately 10 seconds the cardiac signals when evaluating the uterine activity - as above mentioned-no longer appear disruptive. The bandpass filter shown in the upper part of FIG. 4 can thus be omitted, while a corresponding filter for the frequency range of approximately 15 to 40 Hz, which is originally provided in the processing part 5, is assigned to the amplifier 1, so that only one band filter is required overall is.

Unter Ausfilterung des EMG-Anteils kann das am Eingang des Signalverarbeitungsteiles anliegende Signal vorzugsweise so verarbeitet werden, wie es in der DE-A 27 16 739 (veröffentlicht: 26. 10. 1978) und in Fig. 5 schematisch dargestellt ist, die eine grundsätzliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung beschreibt, bei der die Beseitigung störender sich wiederholender Signalanteile und die Detekfion der fetalen Herzfrequenz in der Weise vorgenommen wird, wie es in der genannten Patentanmeldung ausgeführt ist.By filtering out the EMG component, this can be done at the input of the signal processing section lying signal are preferably processed as it is shown schematically in DE-A 27 16 739 (published: October 26, 1978) and in Fig. 5, which describes a basic embodiment of the invention in which the elimination is disruptive and repetitive Signal components and the detection of the fetal heart rate is carried out in the manner as stated in the patent application mentioned.

Punkt 201 kann dabei entweder den Eingang einer elektrischen Schaltung oder entsprechend den Startpunkt eines Rechenprogramms bilden. Die nachfolgenden Blöcke können entweder elektrische Schaltungsstufen oder geeignete Programmblöcke bilden. Im Folgenden soll die schaltungsmässigen Interpretation zugrundegelegt werden. Stufe 202 umfaßt dabei alle Schritte, die mit der Aufnahme des elektromyographischen Signals zusammenhängen.Point 201 can either form the input of an electrical circuit or accordingly the starting point of a computer program. The subsequent blocks can either form electrical circuit stages or suitable program blocks. In the following, the circuit-based interpretation is to be used as a basis. Step 202 includes all the steps that are related to the recording of the electromyographic signal.

Das myographisch aufgenommene Signal wird in einer Filterstufe 203 von störenden Signalanteilen befreit, wobei in der nachfolgenden Stufe 204 das maternelle Herzsignal durch Subtraktion aus dem gefilterten Eingangssignal beseitigt wird. Subtrahiert wird ein Signalverlauf, der einem mittleren maternellen EKG entspricht, wobei das maternelle EKG erkannt und durch Mittelwertbildung in seinem Verlauf laufend verbessert bzw. aktualisiert wird. Das mittlere maternelle EKG wird dabei in Stufe 205 festgehalten. Bei der Subtraktion wird die Amplitude des zu subtrahierenden Signals an die Amplitude des Eingangssignals anpaßt.The myographically recorded signal is freed from interfering signal components in a filter stage 203, the maternal heart signal being eliminated in the subsequent stage 204 by subtraction from the filtered input signal. A signal curve is subtracted, which corresponds to a mean maternal EKG, the maternal EKG being recognized and its course being continuously improved or updated by averaging. The mean maternal ECG is recorded in step 205. Subtraction adjusts the amplitude of the signal to be subtracted to the amplitude of the input signal.

Das derart von störenden Anteilen befreite Signal dient als Eingangssignal für einen SignalVerarbeitungsteil 3', in dem die Verarbeitung der die Uterustätigkeit betreffenden Signale, wie anhand des Verarbeitungsteils 3 beschrieben, vorgenommen wird. (Im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Verarbeitungsteil 3 ist bei dem Verarbeitungsteil 3' aber die Bandfilterbaugruppe weggelassen, da die Filterung gemeinsam durch das Filter 203 erfolgt.) In einem Bewertungsteil 209 kann eine logarithmische oder auch potenzierende Verzerrung der ausgegebenen Amplitudenwerte erfolgen, die mittels eines Wehenschreibers 210 zeitabhängig graphisch dargestellt werden.The signal thus freed from interfering components serves as an input signal for a signal processing part 3 ', in which the processing of the signals relating to uterine activity is carried out, as described with reference to processing part 3. (In contrast to the processing part 3 shown in FIG. 4, the band filter assembly is omitted in the processing part 3 ', since the filtering is carried out jointly by the filter 203.) A logarithmic or potentiating distortion of the output amplitude values can take place in an evaluation part 209, which are graphically displayed as a function of time using a contraction chart 210.

In einer in dem anderen Signalweg nachfolgenden Stufe 206 wird die eigentliche Ermittlung des fetalen EKG-Signals vorgenommen, wobei zunächst das Auftreten eines fetalen Herzsignals durch ein Maximumkriterium festgestellt wird, während dann ein zweites Kriterium zur Ermittlung des Auftretens eines fetalen Herzsignals im Maß der Übereinstimmung zwischen dem Verlauf des Eingangssignals und dem in seinem Amplitudenverlauf gespeicherten Mustersignal besteht, das seinerseits durch Mittelwertbildung fortlaufend an die aktuelle Signalform angepaßt wird. Der Mittelwert des fetalen EKG (QRS-Komplex) ist in Stufe 206 festgehalten, während in Stufe 208 aus dem zeitlichen Abstand der fetalen Herzsignale die fetale Herzfrequenz errechnet und festgehalten wird.The actual determination of the fetal ECG signal is carried out in a stage 206 following in the other signal path, the occurrence of a fetal heart signal being determined first by a maximum criterion, while then a second criterion for determining the occurrence of a fetal heart signal in accordance with the correspondence between the course of the input signal and the pattern signal stored in its amplitude course, which in turn is continuously adapted to the current signal shape by averaging. The mean value of the fetal ECG (QRS complex) is recorded in step 206, while in step 208 the fetal heart rate is calculated and recorded from the time interval between the fetal heart signals.

Die in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist mit analogen Bauelementen realisiert. Diese Ausführung ist dann besonders günstig, wenn sie für sich allein benutzt werden soll. In einer digitalen Ausführung, bei der bei Verwendung im Zusammenhang mit anderen Erfassungseinrichtungen für Patientendaten vorhandene Datenverarbeitungseinrichtungen, wie Mikroprozessoren, vorteilhaft mitbenutzbar sind, können für die erforderlichen mathematischen Berechnungen (Mittelwertbildung, Leistungs-, RMS-Ermittlung, Logarithmierung, Potenzbildung) Programme oder Programmtiele benutzt werden, wie sie beispielsweise in den für die entsprechenden Datenverarbeitungseinrichtungen oder Mikroprozessoren (z.B. LSI 11 oder 8080) zur Verfügung stehenden Programmsammlungen enthalten sind.The embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is realized with analog components. This version is particularly cheap if it is to be used alone. In a digital version, in which existing data processing devices, such as microprocessors, can advantageously also be used when used in conjunction with other recording devices for patient data, programs or program parts can be used for the necessary mathematical calculations (averaging, performance, RMS determination, logarithming, power generation) as they are contained, for example, in the program collections available for the corresponding data processing devices or microprocessors (eg LSI 11 or 8080).

Claims (16)

1. A circuit arrangement for detecting and registering activity in the uterus with the aid of externally derived electromyographic signals in the abdominal region and having filter means for filtering out ac voltage components (OP 1, 2, 4, 5) for further signal processing characterised in that the components of the ac voltage which are filtered out are in the frequency range of approximately 10 to 300 Hz, and that there is provided a device (3, 3') for producing signals as a measure of the intensity of the filtered out ac voltage components, the device including a circuit (OP 6 to 9 with C 16, R31) for time- averaging the said voltage components in order to obtain a signal which represents the magnitude of the intra-uterine pressure.
2. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the device for producing signals emits signals which essentially represent a measure of the electrical power of the ac voltage component of the electro- myographically derived signal.
3. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1 characterised in that means are provided to rectify the ac voltage components (OP 6, OP 7).
4. A circuit arrangement according to claim 3, characterised in that averaging takes place essentially quadratically.
5. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the device for producing signals emits signals which correspond essentially to the effective (RMS) value of the ac voltage component of the electro- myographically derived signals.
6. A circuit arrangement according to any one of7 the preceding claims characterised in that the device for time averaging has a low pass filter (OP 7 and 9).
7. A circuit arrangement according to claim 6, characterised in that the time constant of the low pass filter is several seconds.
8. A circuit arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the filtered out frequency range is essentially within the limits of 150 and 250 Hz.
9. A circuit arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for emitting the averaged signal in logarithmic display.
10. A circuit arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that means are provided for output of the averaged signal shown in a form in which it is raised to a higher power.
11. A circuit arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that measured value pick ups (electrodes 301 to 303) and/or evaluating means are provided for jointly detecting measured signals for detecting and registering uterus activity and heart signals.
12. A circuit arrangement according to claim 11, characterised in that the signals detected myographically by means of the common measured value pick ups for evaluation are essentially limited to a frequency range of 15 to 40 Hz by band filter means.
13. A circuit arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that means are provided which detect recurring interference signals which restrict the evaluation of the signal, hold their amplitude curve in a store, and, whenever an interference signal is discovered in the input signal, subtract it from the input signal in amplitude and in correct phase.
14. A circuit arrangement according to claim 13 for determining foetal heart signals, characterised in that the recurring interference signal is the maternal QRS complex.
15. A circuit arrangement according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that in order to detect QRS complexes of foetal heart signals in the input signal which is separate from the signals for detecting and registering the uterus activity, a store is provided for holding a foetal QRS complex in its amplitude curve, said complex being detected according to a first criterion, and said foetal complex is used as a standard for identifying the following QRS complexes according to a second criterion, and this second criterion constitutes the measure of coincidence of the respective signal with the amplitude curve of the foetal QRS complex which is stored as a standard.
16. A circuit arrangement according to claim 15, characterised in that means are provided in order to continuously match the foetal QRS complex stored as a standard in its amplitude curve to the current form of the foetal QRS complex.
EP78100372A 1977-07-13 1978-07-12 Circuit arrangement for the detection and recording of the activity of the uterus Expired EP0000504B1 (en)

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DE2732160C3 (en) 1980-05-14
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DE2732160A1 (en) 1979-01-18
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